Essential German Grammar by Durrell, Martin -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Copyright CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgements Why grammar? Abbreviations and spelling Glossary 1 WORDS AND SENTENCES

1.1 Words and how they are linked in a sentence 1.2 The subject and the finite verb 1.3 Direct objects 1.4 Dative objects 1.5 Prepositional objects 1.6 sein ‘be’ and its complements 1.7 Sentences and clauses 1.8 Main clauses 1.9 Questions and commands 1.10 Subordinate clauses Words and sentences in context

2 NOUNS

2.1 Gender 2.2 Masculine nouns 2.3 Feminine nouns 2.4 Neuter nouns 2.5 Other clues to gender 2.6 Noun plurals 2.7 The plural of masculine nouns 2.8 The plural of feminine nouns 2.9 The plural of neuter nouns 2.10 Plurals in -s (and other foreign plurals) 2.11 Case 2.12 Case marking on the noun Nouns in context

3 THE NOUN PHRASE: DETERMINERS AND PRONOUNS

3.1 The definite article 3.2 The indefinite article 3.3 Uses of the articles 3.4 Demonstratives 3.5 Possessives 3.6 Other determiners 3.7 Personal pronouns 3.8 Reflexive pronouns 3.9 Demonstrative, possessive and indefinite pronouns The noun phrase in context

4 ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS AND ADVERBIALS

4.1 Adjective declension 4.2 Adjective declension: some special cases 4.3 Adjectives used as nouns 4.4 Adjectives with the dative 4.5 Adjectives with prepositions 4.6 Comparison of adjectives 4.7 Some uses of the comparative and superlative 4.8 Adverbs and adverbials 4.9 Time adverbials 4.10 Adverbs of place 4.11 Adverbs of direction 4.12 Adverbs of attitude 4.13 Adverbs of manner 4.14 Adverbs of degree 4.15 Interrogative adverbials 4.16 Adverb comparison 4.17 Cardinal numbers 4.18 Ordinal numbers 4.19 Fractions 4.20 Clock times, days of the week and months 4.21 Modal particles Adjectives, adverbs and adverbials in context

5 PREPOSITIONS

5.1 Prepositions with the accusative 5.2 Prepositions with the dative 5.3 Prepositions with the dative or the accusative 5.4 Prepositions with the genitive 5.5 Prepositional adverbs Prepositions in context

6 VERBS: FORMS

6.1 Principal parts: weak, strong and irregular verbs 6.2 Tenses: general 6.3 Conjugation of weak and strong verbs in simple tenses 6.4 Separable and inseparable verbs 6.5 Conjugation of irregular verbs 6.6 Compound tenses 6.7 haben or sein in the perfect? 6.8 Forms of the passive 6.9 Forms of the subjunctive 6.10 Vowel changes with strong verbs 6.11 List of strong and irregular verbs Verb forms in context

7 VERBS: USES

7.1 The tenses and their use 7.2 Present and future 7.3 Past and perfect 7.4 The passive with werden 7.5 The ‘subjectless’ passive 7.6 The passive with dative objects 7.7 von or durch with the passive 7.8 The passive with sein 7.9 Alternatives to passive constructions 7.10 The subjunctive: general 7.11 Subjunctive II: conditional sentences 7.12 Subjunctive I: reported speech 7.13 The modal auxiliary verbs 7.14 dürfen 7.15 können 7.16 mögen 7.17 müssen 7.18 sollen 7.19 wollen Verb uses in context

8 VALENCY AND CASES

8.1 Sentence patterns 8.2 Reflexive verbs 8.3 Dative objects 8.4 Other uses of the dative case 8.5 The genitive case 8.6 Prepositional objects 8.7 Predicate complements 8.8 Direction and place complements Valency and cases in context

9 WORD ORDER

9.1 The ‘bracket’ construction 9.2 Verbs at the end of the clause 9.3 First position in main clauses 9.4 The order of words and phrases in the central section 9.5 The position of pronouns 9.6 The position of the noun subject and objects 9.7 The position of adverbials 9.8 The position of complements 9.9 The position of nicht 9.10 Placing elements after the verbal bracket Word order in context

10 COMPLEX SENTENCES

10.1 Coordination and subordination 10.2 Coordination 10.3 Subordination: noun clauses 10.4 Subordination: other conjunctions 10.5 Subordination: relative clauses 10.6 Infinitive clauses 10.7 Infinitive clauses after prepositions 10.8 The infinitive without zu Complex sentences in context

11 WORD FORMATION

11.1 The basics of word formation 11.2 The formation of nouns 11.3 Compound nouns 11.4 The formation of adjectives 11.5 Inseparable verb prefixes 11.6 Separable verb prefixes 11.7 Variable verb prefixes 11.8 Other ways of forming verbs Word formation in context

12 SPOKEN AND WRITTEN GERMAN

12.1 The relationship between pronunciation and spelling 12.2 German spelling 12.3 The use of capital letters 12.4 One word or two? 12.5 -ss- and -ß- 12.6 Punctuation: the comma 12.7 Other punctuation marks 12.8 Register 12.9 Colloquial and formal pronunciation 12.10 Register differences in grammar 12.11 Register differences in vocabulary Register in context

EXERCISES

Chapter 1: Words and sentences Chapter 2: Nouns Chapter 3: The noun phrase: determiners and pronouns Chapter 4: Adjectives, adverbs and adverbials Chapter 5: Prepositions Chapter 6: Verbs: forms Chapter 7: Verbs: uses Chapter 8: Valency and cases Chapter 9: Word order Chapter 10: Complex sentences Chapter 11: Word formation Chapter 12: Spoken and written German

Answers to exercises Grammar in context: translations Index