[Backlands 01] • The Canudos Campaign by Cunha, Euclides da -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

1896 1897 I

Preliminary Notes The Gateway to the Backlands Terra Incognita The Road to Monte Santo First Impressions A Geologist’s Dream

A View from Monte Santo On the Heights of Favela

III

The Climate Some Unique Hygrometers

Droughts Hypotheses on Their Origins The Caatinga

A Geographical Category Not Mentioned by Hegel The Making of a Desert How a Desert Dies The Age-Old Martyrdom of the Land

The Complexity of Brazil’s Ethnological Problem Diversity of the Physical Environment The Impact of the Environment on the History of the Region Role of the Environment on the Formation of Race in Brazil Racial Development in Northern Brazil

Origin of the Jagunço Gunmen and Probable Parallels in the State of São Paulo Historical Role of the São Francisco River The Cowboy: Intermediary Between the Pioneer and the Priest Jesuit Missions in Bahia The Rise of the Mestizo Race in the Backlands, as Distinguished from Racial Mixing on the Coast An Irritating Parenthesis A Strong Race

III

The Sertanejo Different Types: The Jagunço and the Gaucho, Cowboy of the South The Cattle Ranchers A Modern Servitude; A Primitive Life The Roundup The Stampede Traditions The Drought Isolated in the Sertão Mestizo Religion Historical Influences on the Development of the Mestizo Religion The Variable Nature of Backlands Religious Beliefs Pedra Bonita: The Rock of Miracles Monte Santo Contemporary Missions

Antônio Conselheiro: A Misfit Turns Back the Historical Clock A Primitive Gnostic A Great Man Is Torn Apart A Natural Product of His Environment Background: The Maciel Family A Promising Life First Setbacks How a Monster Is Made Pilgrimages and Martyrdom Legends The Sermons Precepts of a Montanist Prophecies A Second-Century Heretic in the Modern Age Attempts to Take Legal Action A Backlands Hegira

Antecedents to Canudos Rapid Growth Governance of the Settlement A Diverse Population A Police Force of Bandits The Temple Waiting Room to Heaven The Prayers Strange Groupings Why Not Preach Against the Republic? An Aborted Mission A Curse on the Jerusalem of Mud Huts

Preliminary Remarks Antecedents

Direct Causes of the Conflict Uauá

III

Preparations for the Counterattack The War of the Caatingas

Doubtful Independence

Monte Santo Victory Is Taken for Granted

The Conflict Is Misunderstood The March to Canudos

III

Mount Cambaio Bastions Without Limestone First Engagement A Dramatic Episode

On the Tablelands Second Engagement João Abade’s Lightning Brigade The Counselor Performs Another Miracle

Retreat

The Procession of Litters

Moreira César and the Reason for His Fame First Regular Expedition What the Jagunços Thought About the New Expedition Men

Departure from Monte Santo First Mistakes A New Route Psychology of the Brazilian Soldier

III

The First Engagement: Pitombas Double-Quick Time, Gentlemen! Two Calling Cards for the Counselor A View of Canudos A Baffling Incident

Battle Plan and the Terrain

A Citadel of Weeds

Attack Pillage Before Triumph Retreat Evensong

On Mario’s Hill

Beating a Retreat VI

Retreat A Backlands Arsenal Evil Sport

Disasters Canudos: A National Predisposition Rua do Ouvidor and the Caatingas Tall Tales Corporal Roque The Draft Plans The March of the Savages

The Troops Mobilize Mustering at Queimadas The Expedition Is Organized Delays There Is No Battle Plan The Engineering Commission The March Incidents The Brave Scout: Pajehú Passage to Pitombas On Top of Mount Favela A Division Is Trapped

III

The Savaget Column Cocorobó Facing Enemy Trenches An Impressive Bayonet Charge Crossing the Gorge Macambira Trabubú An Unexpected Emissary The Campaign Falls Apart

A Strange Victory

An Endless Battle Begins

Running the Blockade: Dangerous Hunting Expeditions Grave Misfortunes The Attitude of the Commander in Chief

The Assault Another Disastrous Victory On the Flanks of Canudos Victory by Telegraph

On the Roadways First Confirmed Reports Versions and Legends

VII

The Girard Brigade The Bravery of Cowards On the Road to Canudos

VIII

More Reinforcements Marshal Carlos Machado de Bittencourt Very Ordinary Collaborators

Queimadas A Geographical Fiction In Another Country Facing a Child On the Road to Monte Santo Encouraging News Wild Hoots The Seventh of September Trench The Calumbi Road

March of the Auxiliary Division Glorious Fear Half Rations of Glory The Camp A Travesty of Courage

III

Ambassador to Heaven The Siege Is Over

The Defeated Resist The Prisoners

Eyewitness Testimony

III

Titans Against the Dying At the Water Cistersns On the Walls of the New Church

A Stroll Around Canudos

The Attack Notes from a Journal

The End The Counselor’s Skull

VII

Two Lines

A PRELIMINARY NOTE CHAPTER I CHAPTER II CHAPTER III CHAPTER V CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VIII

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