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Index
Title page Table of Contents Copyright Foreword to the eighth edition Foreword: how paraoptometric assistants and optometry students can benefit from this textbook Foreword: challenges for opticianary Preface List of contributors List of reviewers Acknowledgments Dedication Section One: Basic sciences
Chapter 1: Anatomy of the eye
Surface anatomy Tear film Cornea Sclera Uvea Angle structures Lens Vitreous Retina Optic nerve Visual pathway Ocular muscles Summary
Chapter 2: Physiology of the eye
Alignment of the eyes Looking straight ahead (fixation) Locking images (fusion) Eye movements Looking toward a close object Seeing in depth Focusing at near (accommodation) Transparent pathway for light Retinal images Intraocular pressure Tears Color vision
Chapter 3: Optics
Physical optics Geometric optics Spherical aberration Chromatic aberration Cylinders Transposition Practical aspects of optics Optical Illusions
Chapter 4: Pharmacology
General principles Complications of locally administered drugs Prescription writing Autonomic drugs Drugs that lower intraocular pressure Anesthetics Antiallergic and antiinflammatory agents Contact lens solutions Stains Side effects of systemic medication
Chapter 5: Microbiology
Bacteria Viruses Fungi Other microbes Clinical indications for smears and cultures Taking smears Making a stain Specimen collection for culture Other AIDS to identify organisms Summary
Section Two: Clinical practice
Chapter 6: Office efficiency and public relations
How to make patients happy The telephone Scheduling appointments Booking the arriving patient The reception room Running late Making future appointments Financing Recall cards Automated voice machines Filing Electronic Medical and Health Records Office equipment Personal qualities for improved office efficiency Improving the patient experience through service recovery* Secretarial duties Handling the ophthalmologist’s schedule Handling sales representatives Handling mail Medical ethics In the physician’s absence AIDS in public relations Patient surveys Publicity Advertising Summary
Chapter 7: History taking
Organization of a history History procedure General information Chief complaint History of present illness Past health, medications and allergies Family history Tips in history taking Summary
Chapter 8: Preliminary examination
Vision assessment Measurement of glasses Accommodation Convergence Color vision Depth perception External examination Examination of the ocular muscles Instillation of eye drops and ointment Ophthalmoscopy Visual fields Summary
Chapter 9: Understanding ophthalmic equipment
Equipment Used for Refraction Equipment Used to Detect Muscle Imbalance Instruments Used to Determine Power of Lenses Instruments Used to Examine the Interior of the Eye Instruments Used to Study the Anterior Segment of the Eye Instruments Used to Examine the Angle Structures of the Eye Instruments Used to Assess the Cornea Instruments Used to Determine Tear Flow Instruments Used to Measure Intraocular Pressure (Tonometer) Special Instruments Computerized Corneal Topographic Analysis Diagnostic Ultrasound: A-Scan and B-Scan Radioactive Phosphorus Electroretinography Lasers Summary
Chapter 10: Refractive errors and how to correct them
Emmetropia Ametropia Refractometry and refraction Retinoscopy Autorefractors* Subjective refining of refraction Anisometropia Aphakia When to refract after cataract surgery Presbyopia Complaints: how to anticipate them Glass checks and how to handle them: 12 key points Summary
Chapter 11: History of spectacles
Antiquity The beginning Early eye glasses Rivet spectacles Manufacture The frame Scissors spectacles and fork glasses Single lenses and monocles Spring spectacle frames Temple pieces and curved earpieces Lorgnettes Goggles and sunglasses Glasses in the far east Summary
Chapter 12: Facts about glasses
History Frames Dispensing spectacle frames Lenses Production of prescription lenses Care of glasses
Chapter 13: Rigid contact lenses: Basics
Development Optics How the corneal contact lens works Terminology Designs Patient examination Fitting corneal contact lenses Evaluating contact lenses Insertion and removal techniques Care Evaluating the fit Adjustments Problems associated with overwearing contact lenses Uses Summary
Chapter 14: Soft contact lenses
History of Hydrophilic Lenses Advantages Disadvantages Patient Evaluation Manufacture Inventory Versus Diagnostic Lenses Lens Inspection Disinfection Cleaning Insertion and Removal Techniques Taco Test Precautions for Wear Wearing Schedules Thin and Ultrathin Lenses Correction of Astigmatism Medical Uses Extended-Wear Lenses Disposable Lenses Innovations in Design Contact Lenses in Industry Special Occupations Common Questions and Answers Role of the Ophthalmic Assistant
Chapter 15: Advanced techniques in soft and rigid contact lens fitting
Abnormal symptoms and signs Follow-up keratometry Special lenses Correction of high astigmatism Role of corneal topography Manufacturing and modification Gas-permeable lenses Hydrogel tinted contact lenses Recommendations for selection of rigid or soft contact lenses
Chapter 16: Managing a contact lens practice
Patient management Planning Understanding your organization Finances Marketing Advertising Staff development The contact lens practice staff Office equipment and space Ongoing care
Chapter 17: Visual fields
Preliminary procedures Facilities for field testing Confrontation test Perimeters Measuring a field on the perimeter Charts Special perimetric techniques Normal visual field Pathologic defects in the visual field Contraction of the visual field Hysterical visual field Summary
Chapter 18: Automated visual field testing
Differences between manual and automated perimeters Understanding threshold Threshold testing Frequency doubling (FDT) Units of measure Automated perimetry: basic rules of testing Analysis software and printouts Summary
Chapter 19: Ocular injuries
Diagnosis of ocular injury Conjunctival and corneal foreign bodies Intraocular foreign bodies Contusion of the eyelids: black eye Contusions of the globe Penetrating eye injuries Lacerations of the lids Fractures of the orbit Chemical injuries Injuries caused by sports Injuries caused by radiant energy Prevention of traumatic injuries to the eye First-aid care by the ophthalmic assistant Computed tomography (CT) scans Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Chapter 20: The urgent case
Ocular emergencies Urgent case: to be seen within the hour Urgent case: to be seen the same day Priority case: to be seen within days Summary
Chapter 21: Common eye disorders
Conjunctiva Cornea Eyelids Lacrimal apparatus
Chapter 22: Common retinal disorders
Retinal artery occlusion Retinal vein occlusion Diabetic retinopathy Retinitis pigmentosa Retinopathy of prematurity Retinoschisis Retinal breaks Retinal detachments Central serous chorioretinopathy Changes in the retina from concussion Foreign body in the eye Eclipse burns of the retina Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) Ocular manifestations of common SYSTEMIC diseases Infectious diseases of the retina and choroid Malignant melanoma Fluorescein angiography
Chapter 23: Glaucoma
Classification Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma Primary Open-Angle or Chronic Glaucoma Secondary Glaucoma Congenital Glaucoma Diagnosis Treatment Management of the Patient by the Ophthalmic Assistant Summary
Chapter 24: Examination of the newborn, infant and small child
Approach to parent and child Vision assessment External examination Instillation of eye drops Refraction Retina and optic nerve examination Common pediatric disorders
Chapter 25: Maintenance of ophthalmic equipment and instruments
Applanation tonometer Noncontact tonometer Lensmeter Keratometer Slit-lamp biomicroscope Phoropter (Fig. 25-4) Projector
Section Three: Surgical techniques
Chapter 26: Aseptic technique and minor office surgery
Aseptic technique Minor office surgery Complications during and after office surgery Summary
Chapter 27: The operative patient
Arrangements for the operation Preparing the child and parent for surgery Preparing the adult for major ocular surgery Eye surgery Types of anesthesia
Chapter 28: Highlights of ocular surgery
Strabismus surgery Cataract surgery Glaucoma surgery Retinal detachment surgery Vitreous surgery Laser surgery Corneal transplantation Eyelid surgery Pterygium removal Dacryocystorhinostomy Enucleation and evisceration Eye dressings Summary
Chapter 29: Assisting the surgeon
Bedside ophthalmic assistant Operating room assistant Amoric environment Care and handling of surgical instruments Operating room microscope Ethical behavior of the ophthalmic assistant Medicolegal tips
Chapter 30: Lasers in ophthalmology
Laser theory Pumping and spontaneous emission Stimulated emission Types of lasers and their clinical use Safety in the laser clinic Future applications of laser technology
Chapter 31: Ambulatory surgery
Ambulatory surgery centers Tips on medical / legal protection Preparation for admission Admission for surgery Postoperative recovery Summary
Chapter 32: Refractive surgery
Basic principles of refractive surgery Photorefractive keratectomy, phototherapeutic keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis Additional procedures Surgery: patient selection, counseling and examination Summary
Chapter 33: Corneal collagen cross linking in the management of ectatic diseases
Keratoconus Pellucid marginal degeneration Corneal ectasia post-lasik Development of CXL Basic research on safety of CXL Technique of CXL Contraindication to CXL Clinical outcomes of CXL Topographically linked ablation Intrastromal corneal rings Potential future advances in CXL Summary
Chapter 34: Wavefront aberrations and custom ablation
Section Four: Ocular imaging
Chapter 35: Optical coherence tomography
The technician’s role Normative databases Progression analysis Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration Exudative age-related macular degeneration Other macular abnormalities Vitreomacular traction Glaucoma Keratoconus screening Refractive surgery Corneal pathologies Summary
Chapter 36: Computerized corneal topography
Introduction and basics Clinical uses Corneal topography analysis in refractive surgery Corneal topography and contact lens fitting Keratoconus Summary
Chapter 37: Specular microscopy
Specular microscope Endothelial specular photomicrography
Chapter 38: Diagnostic ultrasound
General considerations and conventional ultrasound diagnoses Ultrasound biomicroscopy
Section Five: Special procedures
Chapter 39: Ocular motility and binocular vision
Evaluation of strabismus Retinal correspondence Amblyopia Eccentric fixation Treatment of strabismus Summary
Chapter 40: Ophthalmic photography
Photographic terms Digital imaging External photography Photo slit-lamp biomicrography Goniography Endothelial specular photomicrography Fundus photography Fluorescein angiography Video recording Image presentation Summary
Chapter 41: Visual aids for the partially sighted
Factor of age Low-vision optical devices Optical aids Types of magnifying devices (Figs 41-2 to 41-5) Lighting Nonoptical visual aids The partially sighted child Selection of a visual aid
Section Six: Community ocular programs
Chapter 42: Blind persons in the modern world
Blindness defined Partial sight and blindness Recent vision loss Total blindness The blind child Rehabilitation Available aids
Chapter 43: Art and the eye
El Greco (1541–1614) The eyes of the impressionists CLAUDE Monet (1840–1926) Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890) Edgar Degas (1834–1917) Camille Pissarro (1830–1903) Mary Cassatt (1844–1926) Summary Dedication
Chapter 44: Reading problems in children
Whose problem is it? Terminology Act of reading Types of slow readers Characteristics of the child with a reading disability Role of brain and eye dominance Neurologic factors Educational considerations Problems at home Conditions that are confused with a learning disability Treatment Clinical tests Summary
Chapter 45: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) Special situations Final thoughts
Section Seven: Expanded roles in eye care delivery
Chapter 46: Computers in ophthalmic practice
Computer basics Computer components Computer tasks Computer-controlled ophthalmologic equipment Special ophthalmologic applications Summary
Section Eight: Role of assistants in eye care
Chapter 47: Allied health personnel in ophthalmology
Clinical Roles for Ophthalmic Medical Personnel Education of Ophthalmic Medical Personnel and the Certification Process The Certification Process of Ophthalmic Medical Personnel Government Recognition of Ophthalmic Training and Certification Programs Recertification Ophthalmic Medical Personnel Subspecialty Areas in the Jcahpo Family Ophthalmic Medical Personnel Allied With Jcahpo Independent Allied Health Personnel In Visual Science The Future of Allied Health Personnel in Ophthalmology
Chapter 48: Ophthalmology ethics
Introduction Informed consent Confidentiality Truth telling Boundary issues Multiculturalism Vulnerable populations Pediatric ethics Futility Medical error Impaired physicians and ophthalmic professionals Resource allocation Research ethics Innovation Genetics ethics Advertising Fee splitting Medical industry Cosmetic surgery Financial issues Trainees in patient care Resolution of ethical dilemmas
Chapter 49: Ophthalmic allied health personnel: scope of practice
Introduction Allied health personnel Defining scope of practice Licensure and certification Determining the scope of practice for ophthalmic assistants Insurance risk and malpractice Privacy practices Ethics and scope of practice Summary
Chapter 50: Testing of ophthalmic skills
Introduction Certification examinations Knowledge-Based examinations Skill-Based examinations Summary
Chapter 51: The development of ophthalmic assistants in North America
Introduction and History Nature of the Work Working Conditions
Chapter 52: Assisting in the international community and in the prevention of blindness
Introduction VISION 2020 Latin America Sub-Saharan Africa North Africa and the Middle East South and South-East Asia Ophthalmic Assistants Elsewhere Summary Acknowledgments
Appendices Glossary* Supplementary resources Index Instructions for online access
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