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Index
Cover Page
Dedication
Title
Copyright
Brief Contents
Detailed Contents
Preface
National Science Education Standards
Acknowledgments
PART I: THE NATURE OF SCIENCE
Chapter 1: I Know What Science Is! It’s an Experiment!
Introduction
Engage
Making Observations and Inferences With a Fossil
Explore
Digging Into the Nature of Science
Explain
Focus Questions
The Nature of Science and Scientific Knowledge
What Is Science?
Connecting the Nature of Science, Classroom Inquiry, and the National Science Education Standards
Technology and Science
Elaborate
Finding the Nature of Science in Everyday Things
Evaluate
Nature of Science in the News
Summary
Annotated Resources
References
Chapter 2: Are You Scientifically Literate? Why We Teach Science
Introduction
Engage
Are You Scientifically Literate?
Explore
You Make the Decision: Should You Drink Diet Soda?
Explain
Focus Questions
Scientific Literacy and Society
Scientific Literacy and Your Classroom
Science Education Through Time
Science Education Today
Understanding the National Science Education Standards for Your Classroom
Elaborate
National Science Education Standards Scavenger Hunt
Evaluate
How Sweet It Is
Summary
Annotated Resources
References
PART II: THE NATURE OF THE LEARNER
Chapter 3: Children’s Construction of Science
Introduction
Engage
Teacher-Centered or Student-Centered Classrooms?
Explore
Tales of Science Teaching: Learning Through Observation
Explain
Focus Questions
Learning: An Active Process
Piaget: A Theory of Cognitive Development
Vygotsky: Social Interaction and Cognitive Development
Constructivism
Active Learning and Constructivism
Elaborate
Examining a Lesson Plan for Constructivist or Objectivist Orientations
Evaluate
Photonarratives: Visualizing Constructivistic and Objectivistic Science Teaching
Summary
Annotated Resources
References
Chapter 4: Children’s Alternative Frameworks and Conceptual Change
Introduction
Engage
What Happens When Plants Grow in the Dark?
Explore
Comparing Seedlings Grown in Darkness or Light
Explain
Focus Questions
What Are Misconceptions?
Sources of Misconceptions
Traits Common to Misconceptions
What Do Students Think? Prior Knowledge and Students’ Science Conceptions
Getting at Students’ Prior Science Conceptions
Teaching Science for Conceptual Change
Conditions and Teaching Strategies for Conceptual Change
Elaborate
Interviewing a Child: Uncovering Prior Knowledge
Why Conduct Interviews?
The Nature of Interviews
Tips on Conducting an Interview With a Child
Evaluate
Interviewing Children About Science
Summary
Annotated Resources
References
PART III: THE NATURE OF SCIENCE TEACHING
Chapter 5: Classroom Teaching Practices: Questioning and Inquiry
Introduction
Engage
Do You Know Your Questions?
Explore
Cognitive Levels of Questions
Explain
Focus Questions
Inquiry and Questions
Questioning in Science Classrooms
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
Questioning With a Purpose
Science Inquiry and Questions
Attention-Focusing Questions
Measuring and Counting Questions
Comparing and Contrasting Questions
Action Questions
Problem-Posing Questions
Wait Time
Asking Science Questions Effectively
Elaborate
Questions About Questions
Evaluate
Investigating Science Classrooms: A Teacher’s Questions
Summary
Annotated Resources
References
Chapter 6: Inquiry Teaching Approaches and Science Process Skills
Introduction
Engage
Who Wants to Be a K–8 Science Teacher?
Explore
Inquiry in Your School Yard
Explain
Focus Questions
Inquiry-Based K–8 Science Instruction
Directed or Structured Inquiry
Guided Inquiry
Full or Open Inquiry
Inquiry and Process Skills
Basic Process Skills
Integrated Process Skills
Is It an Experiment or an Investigative Activity?
Elaborate
Analyzing Science Textbooks for Inquiry Activities and Science Process Skills
Evaluate
Can You Change a Directed Inquiry Activity Into a Guided or Full Inquiry?
Summary
Annotated Resources
References
Chapter 7: Inquiry Lesson Planning: 5E Inquiry Instructional Model
Introduction
Engage
What Makes an Effective 5E Inquiry Lesson Plan?
Explore
A Closer Look at the Phases of the 5E Inquiry Instructional Model
Explain
Focus Questions
Inquiry as a Way of Teaching Science: 5E Inquiry Instructional Model
Phases of the 5E Inquiry Instructional Model
Elaborate
A Lesson Redesign: 5E Inquiry
Evaluate
Evaluating a 5E Inquiry Lesson Plan
Managing Science Inquiry Activities
Summary
Annotated Resources
References
Chapter 8: Assessment and Evaluation: A Guide for Science Instruction
Introduction
Engage
What Is Assessment? What Is Evaluation?
Explore
Assessing Student Work
Explain
Focus Questions
Assessment or Evaluation: What’s the Difference?
Assessment and Its Role in Supporting Education
Connecting Assessment and Instruction
Assessments for Inquiry
Second-Grade Performance Assessment on Sound
Alternative Forms of Assessment
Fifth-Grade Authentic Performance Assessment
Portfolio: Assessment Using Collections of Student Work
Journals or Science Notebooks
Self-Assessment
What’s a Rubric?
Advantages of Using Rubrics
Elaborate
Course Evaluation Instrument: Is It Good Enough?
Evaluate
YouTube Media: Make an Assessment Video
Summary
Annotated Resources
References
PART IV: THE NATURE OF DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE TEACHING AND LEARNING
Chapter 9: Learning Styles and Diverse Learners
Introduction
A Brief History of Learning Styles
Engage
What’s Your Most Memorable Learning Experience?
Explore
What’s Your Learning Style Preference?
Explain
Focus Questions
Styles of Learning
Learning Style Inventory Approaches
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Elaborate
Compare and Contrast Your Learning Style to Science Instructional Approaches
Evaluate
Lesson Critique: Learning Modalities and Learning Styles
Summary
Annotated Resources
References
Chapter 10: Addressing Student Diversity: Science for All
Introduction
Engage
My Science, My World
Explore
Each Student Is Unique
Explain
Focus Questions
Teaching All Students Science
Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA)
Adapting Science for Special Needs Learners
Gender and Minorities in Science
Gender Equity in the Science Classroom
Strategies for Teaching Science to Female Students
Students Who Are Culturally and Linguistically Diverse
Science and English Language Learners
Elaborate
Science in a Foreign Language
Evaluate
Creating a “Science for All” Toolkit
Summary
Annotated Resources
References
Chapter 11: Interdisciplinary Connections: Science Across the Curriculum
Introduction
Engage
What Do You Think About Integrating Curriculum?
Explore
Children’s Literature: A Springboard for Integration
Explain
Focus Questions
Thematic Integration: A Common Approach
Other Ways of Looking at Curriculum Integration
Multidisciplinary: Focus on the Disciplines
Interdisciplinary: Focus on Common Skills and Concepts Within the Disciplines
Transdisciplinary: Focus on Students’ Interests and Concerns
To Integrate or Not to Integrate? That Is the Question
Elaborate
It’s a Teacher’s Life
Evaluate
Where Do You Stand on Curriculum Integration?
Summary
Annotated Resources
References
Appendix A: How Do I Write an Instructional Objective?
Appendix B: Safety in Your Science Classroom
Appendix C: Science Inquiry Learning Centers
Glossary
Index
About the Authors
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