Indian Psychology Perception by Sinha, Jadunath -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Page Copyright Page CONTENTS PREFACE BOOK I

CHAPTER I THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF PERCEPTION

Introduction The Nature of the Sense-organs The Buddhist The Jaina The Sāmkhya The Origin of the Sense-organs The Principal and Subordinate Organs The Vrtti of the Sense-organs Suśruta and Caraka The Vedānta The Nature of the Sense-organs The Nyāya-Vaiśesika The Mīmāmsaka Are the Karmendriyas really Sense-organs? Are there three Internal Organs? Is the Manas a Sense-organ? The External Organs and Internal Organ or Organs Are the External Sense-organs Prāpyakāri or Aprāpyakāri? The Buddhist The Nyāya-Vaiśesika The Sāmkhya The Mīmāmsaka The Vedāntist Are the External Sense-organs Physical (bhautika) or Psychical (āhamkārika)? Is there only one Sense-organ? Is the Tactual Organ the only Sense-organ?

BOOK II

CHAPTER II INDETERMINATE PERCEPTION AND DETERMINATE PERCEPTION

Introduction Śamkara The Buddhist The Mīmāmsaka The Sāmkhya The Vaiśesika The Naiyāyika The Neo-Naiyāyika The Neo-Śamkarite Rāmānuja Mādhva and Vallabha The Śābdika The Naiyāyika Criticism of the Śābdika View Proof of the Existence of Indeterminate Perception Proof of the Existence of Determinate Perception The Nyāya-Vaiśesika Analysis of Definite and Determinate Perception Does Determinate Perception involve Inference?

CHAPTER III THE OBJECTS AND CONDITIONS OF PERCEPTION

The Objects of Perception Olfactory Perception Gustatory Perception Auditory Perception Visual Perception Tactual Perception Internal Perception Common Sensibles The Condition of Knowledge The General Conditions of External Perception The Conditions of the Visual Perception of Colour The Conditions of Tactual, Olfactory, and Gustatory Perception

BOOK III

CHAPTER IV PERCEPTION AND SANNIKARSA

Introduction The earlier Nyāya-Vaiśesika The later Nyāya-Vaiśesika Sāmānya-Laksana-Sannikarsa Jñāna-Laksana-Sannikarsa Yogaja-Sannikarsa The Mīmāmsaka The Śamkarite The other Schools of Vedānta

CHAPTER V ACQUIRED PERCEPTION

Introduction The Jaina The Śamkara-Vedāntist The Nyāya-Vaiśesika

CHAPTER VI RECOGNITION

The Nature of Recognition The Buddhist The Nyāya-Vaiśesika The Mīmāmsaka The Śamkara-Vedāntist The Jaina The Jaina Criticism of the Nyāya-Vaiśesika View The Jaina Criticism of the Buddhist View

BOOK IV

CHAPTER VII THEORIES OF PERCEPTION

The Buddhist Theory of Perception The Jaina Theory of Perception The Naiyāyika Theory of Perception The Neo-Naiyāyika Theory of Perception The Mīmāmsaka Theory of Perception

CHAPTER VIII THEORIES OF PERCEPTION

The Sāmkhya Theory of Perception The Place and Function of the Sense-organs The Function of the External Sense-organs The Function of the Manas The Function of Ahamkāra The Function of Buddhi The Unity of the Functions of the Internal Organs The Relation of the External Sense-organs to the Internal Organ The Purusa as the Transcendental Principle in Perception The Relation of the Sense-organs to the Purusa The Conditions of Perception The Vedānta Theory of Perception The Identification of Pramāna-caitanya with Prameya-caitanya The Identification of Pramātr-caitanya with Pramāna-caitanya The Internal Perception The Identity of Locus of the Mental Mode and the Object The Identity of the Time-position of the Mental Mode and the Object The Fitness of the Object The Different Kinds of Perception The Function of Antahkarana and the Sense-organs in Perception The Vedāntist Doctrine of Vrtti Objections to the Vedāntist Doctrine of Vrtti considered

BOOK V

CHAPTER IX PERCEPTION OF SPACE AND MOVEMENT

Introduction The Mīmāmsaka—Direct Auditory Perception of Direction Direct Auditory Perception of Distance and Position The Mīmāmsaka Explanation of the Extra-organic Localization of Sounds The Buddhist Explanation of the Extra-organic Localization of Sounds The Mīmāmsaka Criticism of the Buddhist View Perception of Movement The Prābhākara The Bhātta Mīmāmsaka The Vaiśesika

CHAPTER X PERCEPTION OF TIME

Introduction Is Time an Object of Perception? No Perception of Time as an Independent Entity Perception of the Present The Sensible Present is Instantaneous (The Buddhist View) The Sensible Present has Duration (The Naiyāyika and the Vedāntist View)

CHAPTER XI PERCEPTION OF THE UNIVERSAL (Jāti)

Introduction The Buddhist Doctrine of Nominalism The Buddhist Criticism of the Nyāya-Vaiśesika Realism The Buddhist Criticism of the Śrotriya View The Buddhist Criticism of the Bhātta Realism The Buddhist’s Refutation of the Realist’s Objections The Modified Nominalism of the Jaina The Jaina Criticism of the Nyāya-Vaiśesika Realism The Jaina Refutation of the Mīmāmsaka Objections The Modified Nominalism of Rāmānuja The Modified Conceptualism of Kanāda The Nyāya-Vaiśesika Realism The Psychological Basis of Realism—Perception of the Universal The Nyāya-Vaiśesika Criticism of Buddhist Nominalism The Prābhākara Realism The Bhātta Realism The Bhātta Criticism of the Buddhist Doctrine The Bhātta Criticism of the Jaina Doctrine The Bhātta Criticism of the Nyāya-Vaiśesika Doctrine The Bhātta Criticism of Prabhākara’s Objections The Bhātta Doctrine of Identity-in-Difference The Modified Realism of Śamkara

CHAPTER XII PERCEPTION OF COGNITION

Introduction The Bhātta Mīmāmsaka The Nyāya-Vaiśesika Criticism of the Bhātta Doctrine The Jaina Criticism of the Bhātta Doctrine The Rāmānujist’s Criticism of the Bhātta Doctrine Another School of Mīmāmsā Criticism of the Doctrine Prābhākara Criticism of Prabhākara’s Doctrine The Nyāya-Vaiśesika The Jaina Criticism of the Nyāya-Vaiśesik Doctrine The Sāmkhya-Pātañjala The Śamkara-Vedāntist Rāmānuja’s Criticism of Śamkara’s Doctrine

CHAPTER XIII PERCEPTION OF THE SELF

Introduction The Cārvāka The Buddhist Idealist The Naiyāyika The Naiyāyika’s Criticism of the Bhātta Mīmāmsaka View The Naiyāyika’s Criticism of Śamkara’s View The Vaiśesika The Sāmkhya Pātañjala The Bhātta Mīmāmsaka The Bhātta’s Criticism of the Naiyāyika Doctrine The Bhātta’s Criticism of Prabhākara’s Doctrine The Bhātta’s Criticism of Śamkara’s Doctrine The Prābhākara Mīmāmsaka Prabhākara’s Criticism of Śamkara’s View Prabhākara’s Criticism of Kumārila’s View The Jaina The Upanisads The Śamkara-Vedāntist The Self and Consciousness Śamkara and Prābhākara Jīva and Ātman Śamkara’s View of Ātmapratyaksa The later Śamkarites’ View of Ātmapratyaksa The Rāmānuja-Vedāntist Comparison of the Different Views

BOOK VI

CHAPTER XIV INDEFINITE PERCEPTIONS

Different Kinds of Indefinite Perceptions Samśaya Ūha Samśaya and Ūha Anadhyavasāya Samśaya and Anadhya-vasāya

CHAPTER XV ILLUSIONS

Introduction Different Kinds of Illusions Anubhūyamānāropa viparyaya and smaryamānāropa viparyaya Indriyajā bhrānti (Illusion) and Mānasī bhrānti (Hallucination) Different Causes of Illusions Psychological Analysis of an Illusion Prabhākara’s Analysis The Nyāya-Vaiśesika Analysis The Śamkara-Vedāntist’s Analysis Illusion (viparyaya) and Doubtful Perception (Samśaya) Different Theories of Illusions The Doctrine of Akhyāti The Doctrine of Asatkhyāti The Doctrine of Ātmakhyāti The Doctrine of Alaukikakhyāti The Doctrine of Anirvacanīyakhyāti The Doctrine of Satkhyāti The Doctrine of Sadasatkhyāti The Doctrine of Prasiddhārthakhyāti The Doctrine of Vivekākhyāti The Doctrine of Anyathākhyāti Different Theories of Illusion Compared

CHAPTER XVI DREAMS

The Psychological Character of Dream-Consciousness The Presentative Theory of Dreams The Representative Theory of Dreams Prabhākara’s Representative Theory of Dreams The Nyāya-Vaiśesika Criticism of the Prābhākara Theory The Śamkarite Criticism of the Nyāya-Vaiśesika Theory Dreams, Illusions, and Indefinite Perceptions Dreams and Hallucinations Classification of Dreams Caraka’s Classification The Vaiśesika Classification The Buddhist Classification Different Kinds of Dreams Dreams due to Peripheral Stimulation (Dream-illusions) Dreams due to Subconscious Impressions (Dream-hallucinations) Dreams as the Fulfilment of Desires (Dream-hallucinations) Prophetic or Veridical Dreams Telepathic Dreams Dreams-within-dreams Physiological Basis of Dreams Theories of Dream

CHAPTER XVII ABNORMAL PERCEPTION

The Treatment in the Sāmkhya The Treatment in the Ancient Medical Literature Mechanism of the Visual Organ Abnormalities in Visual Perception Timira (Loss of Vision) Abnormalities of Auditory Perception Abnormalities in Olfactory Perception Abnormalities in Gustatory Perception Abnormalities in Tactual Perception Disorders in the Motor Organs Mental Blindness (manobadha) Causes of Sense-disorders and Mental Disorders

BOOK VII

CHAPTER XVIII SUPER-NORMAL PERCEPTIONS

Introduction The Mīmāmsaka Denial of Yogi-pratyaksa The Nyāya-Vaiśesika View of Yogipratyaksa Proof of the Possibility of Yogipratyaksa The Nature of Yogipratyaksa Yogic Perception and Ordinary Perception Yogic Perception and Divine Perception Different Kinds of Yogipratyaksa Yuktapratyaksa and Viyuktapratyaksa Savikalpa and Nirvikalpa Yogipratyaksa Samprajñāta Samādhi and Asamprajñāta Samādhi Other Kinds of Supernormal Perception Ārsajñāna (Intuition of Sages) Siddha Darśana (Occult Perception) Prātibhajñāna (Flash of Intuition in Ordinary Life) Yogic Perception of Dharma (Duty or Moral Law) The Sāmkhya The Pātañjala The Śamkara-Vedāntist The Buddhist The Jaina The Jaina Criticism of the Nyāya-Vaiśesika Doctrine of Yogic Intuition The Jaina Doctrine of Omniscience The Mīmāmsaka’s Objections to the Jaina View of Omniscience The Jaina Refutation of the Mīmāmsaka’s Objections

CHAPTER XIX DIVINE PERCEPTION

Pātañjali’s Proof of Divine Omniscience The Naiyāyika View of the Nature of Divine Knowledge Divine Knowledge and Human Knowledge Divine Omniscience and Human Illusions

CHAPTER XX JĪVA-SĀKSIPRATYAKSA AND ĪŚVARASĀKSI-PRATYAKSA

The Śamkara-Vedāntist The Jīva and the Jīva-sāksin Īśvara and Īśvara-sāksin

INDEX

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