The Artist in the Machine, The World of AI-Powered Creativity by Miller, Arthur I. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Also by Arthur I. Miller Title Page Copyright Dedication Table of Contents List of Illustrations Epigraph Preface Introduction I: Understanding Creativity

1. What Makes Us Creative?

Einstein, Bach, Picasso: What Makes These People Special?

2. Seven Hallmarks of Creativity and Two Marks of Genius

1. The Need for Introspection 2. Know Your Strengths 3. Focus, Persevere, and Don’t Be Afraid to Make Mistakes 4. Collaborate and Compete 5. Beg, Borrow, or Steal Great Ideas 6. Thrive on Ambiguity 7. The Need for Experience and Suffering The Two Marks of Genius Intent, Imagination, and Unpredictability

3. Margaret Boden’s Three Types of Creativity 4. Unconscious Thought: The Key Ingredient

The Four Stages of Creativity The Importance of Taking Time off Unconscious Thought and Computers

5. The Birth of Artificial Intelligence

The First Inklings of Computer Creativity Computers That Mimic the Brain

6. Games Computers Play

Deep Blue Defeats Garry Kasparov IBM Watson Becomes Jeopardy! Champion AlphaGo Defeats the Reigning World Go Champion

II. Portrait of the Computer as an Artist

7. DeepDream: How Alexander Mordvintsev Excavated the Computer’s Hidden Layers

Mike Tyka Takes the Dream Deeper

8. Blaise Agüera y Arcas Brings Together Artists and Machine Intelligence

Memo Akten Educates a Neural Network

9. What Came after DeepDream?

Damien Henry and a Machine That Dreams a Landscape Mario Klingemann and His X Degrees of Separation Angelo Semeraro’s Recognition: Intertwining Past and Present Leon Gatys’s Style Transfer: Photography “In the Style Of”

10. Ian Goodfellow’s Generative Adversarial Networks: AI Learns to Imagine

Mike Tyka’s Portraits of Imaginary People Refik Anadol Creates a Dreaming Archive Theresa Reimann-Dubbers’s AI Looks at the Messiah Jake Elwes’s Dreams of Latent Space

11. Phillip Isola’s Pix2Pix: Filling in the Picture

Mario Klingemann Changes Faces with Pix2Pix Anna Ridler’s Fall of the House of Usher

12. Jun-Yan Zhu’s CycleGAN Turns Horses into Zebras

Mario Klingemann Plays with CycleGAN

13. Ahmed Elgammal’s Creative Adversarial Networks 14. “But Is It Art?”: GANs Enter the Art Market 16. Hod Lipson and Patrick Tresset’s Artist Robots

III: Machines That Make Music: Putting the “Rhythm” into “Algorithm”

17. Project Magenta: AI Creates Its Own Music 18. From WaveNet and NSynth to Coconet: Adventures in Music Making

WaveNet: From Voice to Music NSynth—Creating Sounds Never Heard Before Coconet: Filling in the Gaps

19. François Pachet and His Computers That Improvise and Compose Songs

The Flow Machine

20. Gil Weinberg and Mason Bretan and Their Robot Jazz Band 21. David Cope Makes Music That Is “More Bach than Bach” 22. “The Drunken Pint” and Other Folk Music Composed by Bob Sturm and Oded Ben-Tal’s AI 23. Rebecca Fiebrink Uses Movement to Generate Sound 24. Marwaread Mary Farbood Sketches Music 25. Eduardo Miranda and His Improvising Slime Mold

IV: Once Upon a Time: Computers That Weave Magic with Words

26. The Pinocchio Effect 27. The Final Frontier: Computers with a Sense of Humor 28. AI and Poetry

Pablo Gervás and His Poetic Algorithms

29. Rafael Pérez y Pérez and the Problems of Creating Rounded Stories 30. Nick Montfort Makes Poetry with Pi 31. Allison Parrish Sends Probes into Semantic Space 32. Ross Goodwin and the First AI-Scripted Movie 34. Tony Veale and His Metaphor- and Story-Generating Programs 35. Hannah Davis Turns Words into Music 36. Simon Colton’s Poetic Fool

V: Staged by Android Lloyd Webber and Friends

37. The World’s First Computer-Composed Musical: Beyond the Fence

VI: Can Computers Be Creative?

38. A Glimpse of the Future?

Creativity in Humans and Machines

39. What Goes On in the Computer’s Brain?

Jason Yosinski and the Puzzle of What Machines See Mark Riedl on Teaching Neural Networks to Communicate

40. What Drives Creativity?

Margaret Boden and Computer Creativity

41. Evaluating Creativity in Computers

Geraint Wiggins and the Mind’s Chorus Graeme Ritchie’s Mathematical Criteria for Measuring the Creativity of a Computer Program Anna Jordanous’s Fourteen Components of Creativity

42. Computers with Feelings

Rosalind Picard on Developing Machines That Feel Machines Gaining Experience of the World Machines That Suffer

43. The Question of Consciousness

John Searle’s Chinese Room and the Question of Whether Computers Can Actually Think Reducing Consciousness to the Sum of Its Parts

44. Michael Graziano: Developing Conscious Computers

Awareness and Attention Self-Awareness, Introspection, and Perseverance in Computers Giving Computers Consciousness

45. Two Dissenting Voices

Douglas Hofstadter and the Horrors of a Future Controlled by Creative Machines Pat Langley and Machines That Work More like People

46. Can We Apply the Hallmarks of Creativity to Computers?

The Need to Know Your Strengths The Need to Beg, Borrow, or Steal Great Ideas, and the Need for Collaboration and Competition The Need to Focus and Not Be Afraid to Make Mistakes The Need to Thrive on Ambiguity and the Need for Experience and Suffering The Ability to Discover the Key Problem and to Spot Connections

47. The Future

Where We Are Now Where We Are Going And into the Future …

Acknowledgments Illustration Credits Bibliography Index

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