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Index
About Wyatt North Publishing
Publisher Introduction
Author Introduction
The Confessions
BOOK 1
Chapter 1. He Proclaims the Greatness of God, Whom He Desires to Seek and Invoke, Being Awakened by Him.
Chapter 2. That the God Whom We Invoke is in Us, and We in Him.
Chapter 3. Everywhere God Wholly Fills All Things, But Neither Heaven Nor Earth Contains Him.
Chapter 4. The Majesty of God is Supreme, and His Virtues Inexplicable.
Chapter 5. He Seeks Rest in God, and Pardon of His Sins.
Chapter 6. He Describes His Infancy, and Lauds the Protection and Eternal Providence of God.
Chapter 7. He Shows by Example that Even Infancy is Prone to Sin.
Chapter 8. That When a Boy He Learned to Speak, Not by Any Set Method, But from the Acts and Words of His Parents.
Chapter 9. Concerning the Hatred of Learning, the Love of Play, and the Fear of Being Whipped Noticeable in Boys: and of the Folly of Our Elders and Masters.
Chapter 10. Through a Love of Ball-Playing and Shows, He Neglects His Studies and the Injunctions of His Parents.
Chapter 11. Seized by Disease, His Mother Being Troubled, He Earnestly Demands Baptism, Which on Recovery is Postponed— His Father Not as Yet Believing in Christ.
Chapter 12. Being Compelled, He Gave His Attention to Learning; But Fully Acknowledges that This Was the Work of God.
Chapter 13. He Delighted in Latin Studies and the Empty Fables of the Poets, But Hated the Elements of Literature and the Greek Language.
Chapter 14. Why He Despised Greek Literature, and Easily Learned Latin.
Chapter 15. He Entreats God, that Whatever Useful Things He Learned as a Boy May Be Dedicated to Him.
Chapter 16. He Disapproves of the Mode of Educating Youth, and He Points Out Why Wickedness is Attributed to the Gods by the Poets.
Chapter 17. He Continues on the Unhappy Method of Training Youth in Literary Subjects.
Chapter 18. Men Desire to Observe the Rules of Learning, But Neglect the Eternal Rules of Everlasting Safety.
BOOK 2
Chapter 1. He Deplores the Wickedness of His Youth.
Chapter 2. Stricken with Exceeding Grief, He Remembers the Dissolute Passions in Which, in His Sixteenth Year, He Used to Indulge.
Chapter 3. Concerning His Father, a Freeman of Thagaste, the Assister of His Son's Studies, and on the Admonitions of His Mother on the Preservation of Chastity.
Chapter 4. He Commits Theft with His Companions, Not Urged on by Poverty, But from a Certain Distaste of Well-Doing.
Chapter 5. Concerning the Motives to Sin, Which are Not in the Love of Evil, But in the Desire of Obtaining the Property of Others.
Chapter 6. Why He Delighted in that Theft, When All Things Which Under the Appearance of Good Invite to Vice are True and Perfect in God Alone.
Chapter 7. He Gives Thanks to God for the Remission of His Sins, and Reminds Every One that the Supreme God May Have Preserved Us from Greater Sins.
Chapter 8. In His Theft He Loved the Company of His Fellow-Sinners.
Chapter 9. It Was a Pleasure to Him Also to Laugh When Seriously Deceiving Others.
Chapter 10. With God There is True Rest and Life Unchanging.
BOOK 3
Chapter 1. Deluded by an Insane Love, He, Though Foul and Dishonourable, Desires to Be Thought Elegant and Urbane.
Chapter 2. In Public Spectacles He is Moved by an Empty Compassion. He is Attacked by a Troublesome Spiritual Disease.
Chapter 3. Not Even When at Church Does He Suppress His Desires. In the School of Rhetoric He Abhors the Acts of the Subverters.
Chapter 4. In the Nineteenth Year of His Age (His Father Having Died Two Years Before) He is Led by the Hortensius Of Cicero to Philosophy, To God, and a Better Mode of Thinking.
Chapter 5. He Rejects the Sacred Scriptures as Too Simple, and as Not to Be Compared with the Dignity of Tully.
Chapter 6. Deceived by His Own Fault, He Falls into the Errors of the Manichæans, Who Gloried in the True Knowledge of God and in a Thorough Examination of Things.
Chapter 7. He Attacks the Doctrine of the Manichæans Concerning Evil, God, and the Righteousness of the Patriarchs.
Chapter 8. He Argues Against the Same as to the Reason of Offences.
Chapter 9. That the Judgment of God and Men as to Human Acts of Violence, is Different.
Chapter 10. He Reproves the Triflings of the Manichæans as to the Fruits of the Earth.
Chapter 11. He Refers to the Tears, and the Memorable Dream Concerning Her Son, Granted by God to His Mother.
Chapter 12. The Excellent Answer of the Bishop When Referred to by His Mother as to the Conversion of Her Son.
BOOK 4
Chapter 1. Concerning that Most Unhappy Time in Which He, Being Deceived, Deceived Others; And Concerning the Mockers of His Confession.
Chapter 2. He Teaches Rhetoric, the Only Thing He Loved, and Scorns the Soothsayer, Who Promised Him Victory.
Chapter 3. Not Even the Most Experienced Men Could Persuade Him of the Vanity of Astrology to Which He Was Devoted.
Chapter 4. Sorely Distressed by Weeping at the Death of His Friend, He Provides Consolation for Himself.
Chapter 5. Why Weeping is Pleasant to the Wretched.
Chapter 6. His Friend Being Snatched Away by Death, He Imagines that He Remains Only as Half.
Chapter 7. Troubled by Restlessness and Grief, He Leaves His Country a Second Time for Carthage.
Chapter 8. That His Grief Ceased by Time, and the Consolation of Friends.
Chapter 9. That the Love of a Human Being, However Constant in Loving and Returning Love, Perishes; While He Who Loves God Never Loses a Friend.
Chapter 10. That All Things Exist that They May Perish, and that We are Not Safe Unless God Watches Over Us.
Chapter 11. That Portions of the World are Not to Be Loved; But that God, Their Author, is Immutable, and His Word Eternal.
Chapter 12. Love is Not Condemned, But Love in God, in Whom There is Rest Through Jesus Christ, is to Be Preferred.
Chapter 13. Love Originates from Grace and Beauty Enticing Us.
Chapter 14. Concerning the Books Which He Wrote On the Fair and Fit, Dedicated to Hierius.
Chapter 15. While Writing, Being Blinded by Corporeal Images, He Failed to Recognise the Spiritual Nature of God.
Chapter 16. He Very Easily Understood the Liberal Arts and the Categories of Aristotle, But Without True Fruit.
BOOK 5
Chapter 1. That It Becomes the Soul to Praise God, and to Confess Unto Him.
Chapter 2. On the Vanity of Those Who Wished to Escape the Omnipotent God.
Chapter 3. Having Heard Faustus, the Most Learned Bishop of the Manichæans, He Discerns that God, the Author Both of Things Animate and Inanimate, Chiefly Has Care for the Humble.
Chapter 4. That the Knowledge of Terrestrial and Celestial Things Does Not Give Happiness, But the Knowledge of God Only.
Chapter 5. Of Manichæus Pertinaciously Teaching False Doctrines, and Proudly Arrogating to Himself the Holy Spirit.
Chapter 6. Faustus Was Indeed an Elegant Speaker, But Knew Nothing of the Liberal Sciences.
Chapter 7. Clearly Seeing the Fallacies of the Manichæans, He Retires from Them, Being Remarkably Aided by God.
Chapter 8. He Sets Out for Rome, His Mother in Vain Lamenting It.
Chapter 9. Being Attacked by Fever, He is in Great Danger.
Chapter 10. When He Had Left the Manichæans, He Retained His Depraved Opinions Concerning Sin and the Origin of the Saviour.
Chapter 11. Helpidius Disputed Well Against the Manichæans as to the Authenticity of the New Testament.
Chapter 12. Professing Rhetoric at Rome, He Discovers the Fraud of His Scholars.
Chapter 13. He is Sent to Milan, that He, About to Teach Rhetoric, May Be Known by Ambrose.
Chapter 14. Having Heard the Bishop, He Perceives the Force of the Catholic Faith, Yet Doubts, After the Manner of the Modern Academics.
BOOK 6
Chapter 1. His Mother Having Followed Him to Milan, Declares that She Will Not Die Before Her Son Shall Have Embraced the Catholic Faith.
Chapter 2. She, on the Prohibition of Ambrose, Abstains from Honouring the Memory of the Martyrs.
Chapter 3. As Ambrose Was Occupied with Business and Study, Augustine Could Seldom Consult Him Concerning the Holy Scriptures.
Chapter 4. He Recognises the Falsity of His Own Opinions, and Commits to Memory the Saying of Ambrose.
Chapter 5. Faith is the Basis of Human Life; Man Cannot Discover that Truth Which Holy Scripture Has Disclosed.
Chapter 6. On the Source and Cause of True Joy—The Example of the Joyous Beggar Being Adduced.
Chapter 7. He Leads to Reformation His Friend Alypius, Seized with Madness for the Circensian Games.
Chapter 8. The Same When at Rome, Being Led by Others into the Amphitheatre, is Delighted with the Gladiatorial Games.
Chapter 9. Innocent Alypius, Being Apprehended as a Thief, is Set at Liberty by the Cleverness of an Architect.
Chapter 10. The Wonderful Integrity of Alypius in Judgment. The Lasting Friendship of Nebridius with Augustine.
Chapter 11. Being Troubled by His Grievous Errors, He Meditates Entering on a New Life.
Chapter 12. Discussion with Alypius Concerning a Life of Celibacy.
Chapter 13. Being Urged by His Mother to Take a Wife, He Sought a Maiden that Was Pleasing Unto Him.
Chapter 14. The Design of Establishing a Common Household with His Friends is Speedily Hindered.
Chapter 15. He Dismisses One Mistress, and Chooses Another.
Chapter 16. The Fear of Death and Judgment Called Him, Believing in the Immortality of the Soul, Back from His Wickedness, Him Who Aforetime Believed in the Opinions of Epicurus.
BOOK 7
Chapter 1. He Regarded Not God Indeed Under the Form of a Human Body, But as a Corporeal Substance Diffused Through Space.
Chapter 2. The Disputation of Nebridius Against the Manichæans, on the Question Whether God Be Corruptible or Incorruptible.
Chapter 3. That the Cause of Evil is the Free Judgment of the Will.
Chapter 4. That God is Not Corruptible, Who, If He Were, Would Not Be God at All.
Chapter 5. Questions Concerning the Origin of Evil in Regard to God, Who, Since He is the Chief Good, Cannot Be the Cause of Evil.
Chapter 6. He Refutes the Divinations of the Astrologers, Deduced from the Constellations.
Chapter 7. He is Severely Exercised as to the Origin of Evil.
Chapter 8. By God's Assistance He by Degrees Arrives at the Truth.
Chapter 9. He Compares the Doctrine of the Platonists Concerning the Λόγος With the Much More Excellent Doctrine of Christianity.
Chapter 10. Divine Things are the More Clearly Manifested to Him Who Withdraws into the Recesses of His Heart.
Chapter 11. That Creatures are Mutable and God Alone Immutable.
Chapter 12. Whatever Things the Good God Has Created are Very Good.
Chapter 13. It is Meet to Praise the Creator for the Good Things Which are Made in Heaven and Earth.
Chapter 14. Being Displeased with Some Part Of God's Creation, He Conceives of Two Original Substances.
Chapter 15. Whatever Is, Owes Its Being to God.
Chapter 16. Evil Arises Not from a Substance, But from the Perversion of the Will.
Chapter 17. Above His Changeable Mind, He Discovers the Unchangeable Author of Truth.
Chapter 18. Jesus Christ, the Mediator, is the Only Way of Safety.
Chapter 19. He Does Not Yet Fully Understand the Saying of John, that The Word Was Made Flesh.
Chapter 20. He Rejoices that He Proceeded from Plato to the Holy Scriptures, and Not the Reverse.
Chapter 21. What He Found in the Sacred Books Which are Not to Be Found in Plato.
BOOK 8
Chapter 1. He, Now Given to Divine Things, and Yet Entangled by the Lusts of Love, Consults Simplicianus in Reference to the Renewing of His Mind.
Chapter 2. The Pious Old Man Rejoices that He Read Plato and the Scriptures, and Tells Him of the Rhetorician Victorinus Having Been Converted to the Faith Through the Reading of the Sacred Books.
Chapter 3. That God and the Angels Rejoice More on the Return of One Sinner Than of Many Just Persons.
Chapter 4. He Shows by the Example of Victorinus that There is More Joy in the Conversion of Nobles.
Chapter 5. Of the Causes Which Alienate Us from God.
Chapter 6. Pontitianus' Account of Antony, the Founder of Monachism, and of Some Who Imitated Him.
Chapter 7. He Deplores His Wretchedness, that Having Been Born Thirty-Two Years, He Had Not Yet Found Out the Truth.
Chapter 8. The Conversation with Alypius Being Ended, He Retires to the Garden, Whither His Friend Follows Him.
Chapter 9. That the Mind Commands the Mind, But It Wills Not Entirely.
Chapter 10. He Refutes the Opinion of the Manichæans as to Two Kinds of Minds—One Good and the Other Evil.
Chapter 11. In What Manner the Spirit Struggled with the Flesh, that It Might Be Freed from the Bondage of Vanity.
Chapter 12. Having Prayed to God, He Pours Forth a Shower of Tears, And, Admonished by a Voice, He Opens the Book and Reads the Words in Rom. XIII. 13; By Which, Being Changed in His Whole Soul, He Discloses the Divine Favour to His Friend and His Mother.
BOOK 9
Chapter 1. He Praises God, the Author of Safety, and Jesus Christ, the Redeemer, Acknowledging His Own Wickedness.
Chapter 2. As His Lungs Were Affected, He Meditates Withdrawing Himself from Public Favour.
Chapter 3. He Retires to the Villa of His Friend Verecundus, Who Was Not Yet a Christian, and Refers to His Conversion and Death, as Well as that of Nebridius.
Chapter 4. In the Country He Gives His Attention to Literature, and Explains the Fourth Psalm in Connection with the Happy Conversion of Alypius. He is Troubled with Toothache.
Chapter 5. At the Recommendation of Ambrose, He Reads the Prophecies of Isaiah, But Does Not Understand Them.
Chapter 6. He is Baptized at Milan with Alypius and His Son Adeodatus. The Book De Magistro.
Chapter 7. Of the Church Hymns Instituted at Milan; Of the Ambrosian Persecution Raised by Justina; And of the Discovery of the Bodies of Two Martyrs.
Chapter 8. Of the Conversion of Evodius, and the Death of His Mother When Returning with Him to Africa; And Whose Education He Tenderly Relates.
Chapter 9. He Describes the Praiseworthy Habits of His Mother; Her Kindness Towards Her Husband and Her Sons.
Chapter 10. A Conversation He Had with His Mother Concerning the Kingdom of Heaven.
Chapter 11. His Mother, Attacked by Fever, Dies at Ostia.
Chapter 12. How He Mourned His Dead Mother.
Chapter 13. He Entreats God for Her Sins, and Admonishes His Readers to Remember Her Piously.
BOOK 10
Chapter 1. In God Alone is the Hope and Joy of Man.
Chapter 2. That All Things are Manifest to God. That Confession Unto Him is Not Made by the Words of the Flesh, But of the Soul, and the Cry of Reflection.
Chapter 3. He Who Confesses Rightly Unto God Best Knows Himself.
Chapter 4. That in His Confessions He May Do Good, He Considers Others.
Chapter 5. That Man Knows Not Himself Wholly.
Chapter 6. The Love of God, in His Nature Superior to All Creatures, is Acquired by the Knowledge of the Senses and the Exercise of Reason.
Chapter 7. That God is to Be Found Neither from the Powers of the Body Nor of the Soul.
Chapter 8. — Of the Nature and the Amazing Power of Memory.
Chapter 9. Not Only Things, But Also Literature and Images, are Taken from the Memory, and are Brought Forth by the Act of Remembering.
Chapter 10. Literature is Not Introduced to the Memory Through the Senses, But is Brought Forth from Its More Secret Places.
Chapter 11. What It is to Learn and to Think.
Chapter 12. On the Recollection of Things Mathematical.
Chapter 13. Memory Retains All Things.
Chapter 14. Concerning the Manner in Which Joy and Sadness May Be Brought Back to the Mind and Memory.
Chapter 15. In Memory There are Also Images of Things Which are Absent.
Chapter 16. The Privation of Memory is Forgetfulness.
Chapter 17. God Cannot Be Attained Unto by the Power of Memory, Which Beasts and Birds Possess.
Chapter 18. A Thing When Lost Could Not Be Found Unless It Were Retained in the Memory.
Chapter 19. What It is to Remember.
Chapter 20. We Should Not Seek for God and the Happy Life Unless We Had Known It.
Chapter 21. How a Happy Life May Be Retained in the Memory.
Chapter 22. A Happy Life is to Rejoice in God, and for God.
Chapter 23. All Wish to Rejoice in the Truth.
Chapter 24. He Who Finds Truth, Finds God.
Chapter 25. He is Glad that God Dwells in His Memory.
Chapter 26. God Everywhere Answers Those Who Take Counsel of Him.
Chapter 27. He Grieves that He Was So Long Without God.
Chapter 28. On the Misery of Human Life.
Chapter 29. All Hope is in the Mercy of God.
Chapter 30. Of the Perverse Images of Dreams, Which He Wishes to Have Taken Away.
Chapter 31. About to Speak of the Temptations of the Lust of the Flesh, He First Complains of the Lust of Eating and Drinking.
Chapter 32. Of the Charms of Perfumes Which are More Easily Overcome.
Chapter 33. He Overcame the Pleasures of the Ear, Although in the Church He Frequently Delighted in the Song, Not in the Thing Sung.
Chapter 34. Of the Very Dangerous Allurements of the Eyes; On Account of Beauty of Form, God, the Creator, is to Be Praised.
Chapter 35. Another Kind of Temptation is Curiosity, Which is Stimulated by the Lust of the Eyes.
Chapter 36. A Third Kind is Pride Which is Pleasing to Man, Not to God.
Chapter 37. He is Forcibly Goaded on by the Love of Praise.
Chapter 38. Vain-Glory is the Highest Danger.
Chapter 39. Of the Vice of Those Who, While Pleasing Themselves, Displease God.
Chapter 40. The Only Safe Resting-Place for the Soul is to Be Found in God.
Chapter 41. Having Conquered His Triple Desire, He Arrives at Salvation.
Chapter 42. In What Manner Many Sought the Mediator.
Chapter 43. That Jesus Christ, at the Same Time God and Man, is the True and Most Efficacious Mediator.
BOOK 11
Chapter 1. By Confession He Desires to Stimulate Towards God His Own Love and That of His Readers.
Chapter 2. He Begs of God that Through the Holy Scriptures He May Be Led to Truth.
Chapter 3. He Begins from the Creation of the World— Not Understanding the Hebrew Text.
Chapter 4. Heaven and Earth Cry Out that They Have Been Created by God.
Chapter 5. God Created the World Not from Any Certain Matter, But in His Own Word.
Chapter 6. He Did Not, However, Create It by a Sounding and Passing Word.
Chapter 7. By His Co-Eternal Word He Speaks, and All Things are Done.
Chapter 8. That Word Itself is the Beginning of All Things, in the Which We are Instructed as to Evangelical Truth.
Chapter 9. Wisdom and the Beginning.
Chapter 10. The Rashness of Those Who Inquire What God Did Before He Created Heaven and Earth.
Chapter 11. They Who Ask This Have Not as Yet Known the Eternity of God, Which is Exempt from the Relation of Time.
Chapter 12. What God Did Before the Creation of the World.
Chapter 13. Before the Times Created by God, Times Were Not.
Chapter 14. Neither Time Past Nor Future, But the Present Only, Really is.
Chapter 15. There is Only a Moment of Present Time.
Chapter 16. Time Can Only Be Perceived or Measured While It is Passing.
Chapter 17. Nevertheless There is Time Past and Future.
Chapter 18. Past and Future Times Cannot Be Thought of But as Present.
Chapter 19. We are Ignorant in What Manner God Teaches Future Things.
Chapter 20. In What Manner Time May Properly Be Designated.
Chapter 21. How Time May Be Measured.
Chapter 22. He Prays God that He Would Explain This Most Entangled Enigma.
Chapter 23. That Time is a Certain Extension.
Chapter 24. That Time is Not a Motion of a Body Which We Measure by Time.
Chapter 25. He Calls on God to Enlighten His Mind.
Chapter 26. We Measure Longer Events by Shorter in Time.
Chapter 27. Times are Measured in Proportion as They Pass by.
Chapter 28. Time in the Human Mind, Which Expects, Considers, and Remembers.
Chapter 29. That Human Life is a Distraction But that Through the Mercy of God He Was Intent on the Prize of His Heavenly Calling.
Chapter 30. Again He Refutes the Empty Question, What Did God Before the Creation of the World?
Chapter 31. How the Knowledge of God Differs from that of Man.
BOOK 12
Chapter 2. Of the Double Heaven—The Visible, and the Heaven of Heavens.
Chapter 3. Of the Darkness Upon the Deep, and of the Invisible and Formless Earth.
Chapter 4. From the Formlessness of Matter, the Beautiful World Has Arisen.
Chapter 5. What May Have Been the Form of Matter.
Chapter 6. He Confesses that at One Time He Himself Thought Erroneously of Matter.
Chapter 7. Out of Nothing God Made Heaven and Earth.
Chapter 8. Heaven and Earth Were Made In the Beginning; Afterwards the World, During Six Days, from Shapeless Matter.
Chapter 9. That the Heaven of Heavens Was an Intellectual Creature, But that the Earth Was Invisible and Formless Before the Days that It Was Made.
Chapter 10. He Begs of God that He May Live in the True Light, and May Be Instructed as to the Mysteries of the Sacred Books.
Chapter 11. What May Be Discovered to Him by God.
Chapter 12. From the Formless Earth God Created Another Heaven and a Visible and Formed Earth.
Chapter 13. Of the Intellectual Heaven and Formless Earth, Out of Which, on Another Day, the Firmament Was Formed.
Chapter 14. Of the Depth of the Sacred Scripture, and Its Enemies.
Chapter 15. He Argues Against Adversaries Concerning the Heaven of Heavens.
Chapter 16. He Wishes to Have No Intercourse with Those Who Deny Divine Truth.
Chapter 17. He Mentions Five Explanations of the Words of Genesis I. I.
Chapter 18. What Error is Harmless in Sacred Scripture.
Chapter 19. He Enumerates the Things Concerning Which All Agree.
Chapter 20. Of the Words, In the Beginning, Variously Understood.
Chapter 21. Of the Explanation of the Words, The Earth Was Invisible.
Chapter 22. He Discusses Whether Matter Was from Eternity, or Was Made by God.
Chapter 23. Two Kinds of Disagreements in the Books to Be Explained.
Chapter 24. Out of the Many True Things, It is Not Asserted Confidently that Moses Understood This or That.
Chapter 25. It Behoves Interpreters, When Disagreeing Concerning Obscure Places, to Regard God the Author of Truth, and the Rule of Charity.
Chapter 26. What He Might Have Asked of God Had He Been Enjoined to Write the Book of Genesis.
Chapter 27. The Style of Speaking in the Book of Genesis is Simple and Clear.
Chapter 28. The Words, In the Beginning, And, The Heaven and the Earth, Are Differently Understood.
Chapter 29. Concerning the Opinion of Those Who Explain It At First He Made.
Chapter 30. In the Great Diversity of Opinions, It Becomes All to Unite Charity and Divine Truth.
Chapter 31. Moses is Supposed to Have Perceived Whatever of Truth Can Be Discovered in His Words.
Chapter 32. First, the Sense of the Writer is to Be Discovered, Then that is to Be Brought Out Which Divine Truth Intended.
BOOK 13
Chapter 1. He Calls Upon God, and Proposes to Himself to Worship Him.
Chapter 2. All Creatures Subsist from the Plenitude of Divine Goodness.
Chapter 3. Genesis I. 3—Of Light,— He Understands as It is Seen in the Spiritual Creature.
Chapter 4. All Things Have Been Created by the Grace of God, and are Not of Him as Standing in Need of Created Things.
Chapter 5. He Recognises the Trinity in the First Two Verses of Genesis.
Chapter 6. Why the Holy Ghost Should Have Been Mentioned After the Mention of Heaven and Earth.
Chapter 7. That the Holy Spirit Brings Us to God.
Chapter 8. That Nothing Whatever, Short of God, Can Yield to the Rational Creature a Happy Rest.
Chapter 9. Why the Holy Spirit Was Only Borne Over The Waters.
Chapter 10. That Nothing Arose Save by the Gift of God.
Chapter 11. That the Symbols of the Trinity in Man, to Be, to Know, and to Will, are Never Thoroughly Examined.
Chapter 12. Allegorical Explanation of Genesis, Chap. I., Concerning the Origin of the Church and Its Worship.
Chapter 13. That the Renewal of Man is Not Completed in This World.
Chapter 14. That Out of the Children of the Night and of the Darkness, Children of the Light and of the Day are Made.
Chapter 15. Allegorical Explanation of the Firmament and Upper Works, Ver. 6.
Chapter 16. That No One But the Unchangeable Light Knows Himself.
Chapter 17. Allegorical Explanation of the Sea and the Fruit-Bearing Earth— Verses 9 and 11.
Chapter 18. Of the Lights and Stars of Heaven— Of Day and Night, Ver. 14.
Chapter 19. All Men Should Become Lights in the Firmament of Heaven.
Chapter 20. Concerning Reptiles and Flying Creatures (Ver. 20)—The Sacrament of Baptism Being Regarded.
Chapter 21. Concerning the Living Soul, Birds, and Fishes (Ver. 24)— The Sacrament of the Eucharist Being Regarded.
Chapter 22. He Explains the Divine Image (Ver. 26) of the Renewal of the Mind.
Chapter 23. That to Have Power Over All Things (Ver. 26) is to Judge Spiritually of All.
Chapter 24. Why God Has Blessed Men, Fishes, Flying Creatures, and Not Herbs and the Other Animals (Ver. 28).
Chapter 25. He Explains the Fruits of the Earth (Ver. 29) of Works of Mercy.
Chapter 26. In the Confessing of Benefits, Computation is Made Not as to The Gift, But as to the Fruit,— That Is, the Good and Right Will of the Giver.
Chapter 27. Many are Ignorant as to This, and Ask for Miracles, Which are Signified Under the Names Of Fishes And Whales.
Chapter 28. He Proceeds to the Last Verse, All Things are Very Good,— That Is, the Work Being Altogether Good.
Chapter 29. Although It is Said Eight Times that God Saw that It Was Good, Yet Time Has No Relation to God and His Word.
Chapter 30. He Refutes the Opinions of the Manichæans and the Gnostics Concerning the Origin of the World.
Chapter 31. We Do Not See That It Was Good But Through the Spirit of God Which is in Us.
Chapter 32. Of the Particular Works of God, More Especially of Man.
Chapter 33. The World Was Created by God Out of Nothing.
Chapter 34. He Briefly Repeats the Allegorical Interpretation of Genesis (Ch. I.), and Confesses that We See It by the Divine Spirit.
Chapter 35. He Prays God for that Peace of Rest Which Hath No Evening.
Chapter 36. The Seventh Day, Without Evening and Setting, the Image of Eternal Life and Rest in God.
Chapter 37. Of Rest in God Who Ever Works, and Yet is Ever at Rest.
Chapter 38. Of the Difference Between the Knowledge of God and of Men, and of the Repose Which is to Be Sought from God Only.
Augustine Quotes
Chronology
The Life of Saint Augustine
Early Life
Travels to Carthage
Searching for Answers
Milan
Finding Christianity
Return to North Africa
Writings
The City of God
Book 1
Preface, Explaining His Design in Undertaking This Work.
Chapter 1.— Of the Adversaries of the Name of Christ, Whom the Barbarians for Christ's Sake Spared When They Stormed the City.
Chapter 2.— That It is Quite Contrary to the Usage of War, that the Victors Should Spare the Vanquished for the Sake of Their Gods.
Chapter 3.— That the Romans Did Not Show Their Usual Sagacity When They Trusted that They Would Be Benefited by the Gods Who Had Been Unable to Defend Troy.
Chapter 4.— Of the Asylum of Juno in Troy, Which Saved No One from the Greeks; And of the Churches of the Apostles, Which Protected from the Barbarians All Who Fled to Them.
Chapter 5.— Cæsar's Statement Regarding the Universal Custom of an Enemy When Sacking a City.
Chapter 6.— That Not Even the Romans, When They Took Cities, Spared the Conquered in Their Temples.
Chapter 7.— That the Cruelties Which Occurred in the Sack of Rome Were in Accordance with the Custom of War, Whereas the Acts of Clemency Resulted from the Influence of Christ's Name.
Chapter 8.— Of the Advantages and Disadvantages Which Often Indiscriminately Accrue to Good and Wicked Men.
Chapter 9.— Of the Reasons for Administering Correction to Bad and Good Together.
Chapter 10.— That the Saints Lose Nothing in Losing Temporal Goods.
Chapter 11.— Of the End of This Life, Whether It is Material that It Be Long Delayed.
Chapter 12.— Of the Burial of the Dead: that the Denial of It to Christians Does Them No Injury.
Chapter 13.— Reasons for Burying the Bodies of the Saints.
Chapter 14.— Of the Captivity of the Saints, and that Divine Consolation Never Failed Them Therein.
Chapter 15.— Of Regulus, in Whom We Have an Example of the Voluntary Endurance of Captivity for the Sake of Religion; Which Yet Did Not Profit Him, Though He Was a Worshipper of the Gods.
Chapter 16.— Of the Violation of the Consecrated and Other Christian Virgins, to Which They Were Subjected in Captivity and to Which Their Own Will Gave No Consent; And Whether This Contaminated Their Souls.
Chapter 17.— Of Suicide Committed Through Fear of Punishment or Dishonor.
Chapter 18.— Of the Violence Which May Be Done to the Body by Another's Lust, While the Mind Remains Inviolate.
Chapter 19.— Of Lucretia, Who Put an End to Her Life Because of the Outrage Done Her.
Chapter 20.— That Christians Have No Authority for Committing Suicide in Any Circumstances Whatever.
Chapter 21.— Of the Cases in Which We May Put Men to Death Without Incurring the Guilt of Murder.
Chapter 22.— That Suicide Can Never Be Prompted by Magnanimity.
Chapter 23.— What We are to Think of the Example of Cato, Who Slew Himself Because Unable to Endure Cæsar's Victory.
Chapter 24.— That in that Virtue in Which Regulus Excels Cato, Christians are Pre-Eminently Distinguished.
Chapter 25.— That We Should Not Endeavor By Sin to Obviate Sin.
Chapter 26.— That in Certain Peculiar Cases the Examples of the Saints are Not to Be Followed.
Chapter 27.— Whether Voluntary Death Should Be Sought in Order to Avoid Sin.
Chapter 28.— By What Judgment of God the Enemy Was Permitted to Indulge His Lust on the Bodies of Continent Christians.
Chapter 29.— What the Servants of Christ Should Say in Reply to the Unbelievers Who Cast in Their Teeth that Christ Did Not Rescue Them from the Fury of Their Enemies.
Chapter 30.— That Those Who Complain of Christianity Really Desire to Live Without Restraint in Shameful Luxury.
Chapter 31.— By What Steps the Passion for Governing Increased Among the Romans.
Chapter 32.— Of the Establishment of Scenic Entertainments.
Chapter 33.— That the Overthrow of Rome Has Not Corrected the Vices of the Romans.
Chapter 34.— Of God's Clemency in Moderating the Ruin of the City.
Chapter 35.— Of the Sons of the Church Who are Hidden Among the Wicked, and of False Christians Within the Church.
Chapter 36.— What Subjects are to Be Handled in the Following Discourse.
Book 2
Chapter 1.— Of the Limits Which Must Be Put to the Necessity of Replying to an Adversary.
Chapter 2.— Recapitulation of the Contents of the First Book.
Chapter 3.— That We Need Only to Read History in Order to See What Calamities the Romans Suffered Before the Religion of Christ Began to Compete with the Worship of the Gods.
Chapter 4.— That the Worshippers of the Gods Never Received from Them Any Healthy Moral Precepts, and that in Celebrating Their Worship All Sorts of Impurities Were Practiced.
Chapter 5.— Of the Obscenities Practiced in Honor of the Mother of the Gods.
Chapter 6.— That the Gods of the Pagans Never Inculcated Holiness of Life.
Chapter 7.— That the Suggestions of Philosophers are Precluded from Having Any Moral Effect, Because They Have Not the Authority Which Belongs to Divine Instruction, and Because Man's Natural Bias to Evil Induces Him Rather to Follow the Examples of the Gods Than to Obey the Precepts of Men.
Chapter 8.— That the Theatrical Exhibitions Publishing the Shameful Actions of the Gods, Propitiated Rather Than Offended Them.
Chapter 9.— That the Poetical License Which the Greeks, in Obedience to Their Gods, Allowed, Was Restrained by the Ancient Romans.
Chapter 10.— That the Devils, in Suffering Either False or True Crimes to Be Laid to Their Charge, Meant to Do Men a Mischief.
Chapter 11.— That the Greeks Admitted Players to Offices of State, on the Ground that Men Who Pleased the Gods Should Not Be Contemptuously Treated by Their Fellows.
Chapter 12.— That the Romans, by Refusing to the Poets the Same License in Respect of Men Which They Allowed Them in the Case of the Gods, Showed a More Delicate Sensitiveness Regarding Themselves than Regarding the Gods.
Chapter 13.— That the Romans Should Have Understood that Gods Who Desired to Be Worshipped in Licentious Entertainments Were Unworthy of Divine Honor.
Chapter 14.— That Plato, Who Excluded Poets from a Well-Ordered City, Was Better Than These Gods Who Desire to Be Honoured by Theatrical Plays.
Chapter 15.— That It Was Vanity, Not Reason, Which Created Some of the Roman Gods.
Chapter 16.— That If the Gods Had Really Possessed Any Regard for Righteousness, the Romans Should Have Received Good Laws from Them, Instead of Having to Borrow Them from Other Nations.
Chapter 17.— Of the Rape of the Sabine Women, and Other Iniquities Perpetrated in Rome's Palmiest Days.
Chapter 18.— What the History of Sallust Reveals Regarding the Life of the Romans, Either When Straitened by Anxiety or Relaxed in Security.
Chapter 19.— Of the Corruption Which Had Grown Upon the Roman Republic Before Christ Abolished the Worship of the Gods.
Chapter 20.— Of the Kind of Happiness and Life Truly Delighted in by Those Who Inveigh Against the Christian Religion.
Chapter 21.— Cicero's Opinion of the Roman Republic.
Chapter 22.— That the Roman Gods Never Took Any Steps to Prevent the Republic from Being Ruined by Immorality.
Chapter 23.— That the Vicissitudes of This Life are Dependent Not on the Favor or Hostility of Demons, But on the Will of the True God.
Chapter 24.— Of the Deeds of Sylla, in Which the Demons Boasted that He Had Their Help.
Chapter 25.— How Powerfully the Evil Spirits Incite Men to Wicked Actions, by Giving Them the Quasi-Divine Authority of Their Example.
Chapter 26.— That the Demons Gave in Secret Certain Obscure Instructions in Morals, While in Public Their Own Solemnities Inculcated All Wickedness.
Chapter 27.— That the Obscenities of Those Plays Which the Romans Consecrated in Order to Propitiate Their Gods, Contributed Largely to the Overthrow of Public Order.
Chapter 28.— That the Christian Religion is Health-Giving.
Chapter 29.— An Exhortation to the Romans to Renounce Paganism.
Book 3
Chapter 1.— Of the Ills Which Alone the Wicked Fear, and Which the World Continually Suffered, Even When the Gods Were Worshipped.
Chapter 2.— Whether the Gods, Whom the Greeks and Romans Worshipped in Common, Were Justified in Permitting the Destruction of Ilium.
Chapter 3.— That the Gods Could Not Be Offended by the Adultery of Paris, This Crime Being So Common Among Themselves.
Chapter 4.— Of Varro's Opinion, that It is Useful for Men to Feign Themselves the Offspring of the Gods.
Chapter 5.— That It is Not Credible that the Gods Should Have Punished the Adultery of Paris, Seeing They Showed No Indignation at the Adultery of the Mother of Romulus.
Chapter 6.— That the Gods Exacted No Penalty for the Fratricidal Act of Romulus.
Chapter 7.— Of the Destruction of Ilium by Fimbria, a Lieutenant of Marius.
Chapter 8.— Whether Rome Ought to Have Been Entrusted to the Trojan Gods.
Chapter 9.— Whether It is Credible that the Peace During the Reign of Numa Was Brought About by the Gods.
Chapter 10.— Whether It Was Desirable that The Roman Empire Should Be Increased by Such a Furious Succession of Wars, When It Might Have Been Quiet and Safe by Following in the Peaceful Ways of Numa.
Chapter 11.— Of the Statue of Apollo at Cumæ, Whose Tears are Supposed to Have Portended Disaster to the Greeks, Whom the God Was Unable to Succor.
Chapter 12.— That the Romans Added a Vast Number of Gods to Those Introduced by Numa, and that Their Numbers Helped Them Not at All.
Chapter 13.— By What Right or Agreement The Romans Obtained Their First Wives.
Chapter 14.— Of the Wickedness of the War Waged by the Romans Against the Albans, and of the Victories Won by the Lust of Power.
Chapter 15.— What Manner of Life and Death the Roman Kings Had.
Chapter 16.— Of the First Roman Consuls, the One of Whom Drove the Other from the Country, and Shortly After Perished at Rome by the Hand of a Wounded Enemy, and So Ended a Career of Unnatural Murders.
Chapter 17.— Of the Disasters Which Vexed the Roman Republic After the Inauguration of the Consulship, and of the Non-Intervention of the Gods of Rome.
Chapter 18.— The Disasters Suffered by the Romans in the Punic Wars, Which Were Not Mitigated by the Protection of the Gods.
Chapter 19.— Of the Calamity of the Second Punic War, Which Consumed the Strength of Both Parties.
Chapter 20.— Of the Destruction of the Saguntines, Who Received No Help from the Roman Gods, Though Perishing on Account of Their Fidelity to Rome.
Chapter 21.— Of the Ingratitude of Rome to Scipio, Its Deliverer, and of Its Manners During the Period Which Sallust Describes as the Best.
Chapter 22.— Of the Edict of Mithridates, Commanding that All Roman Citizens Found in Asia Should Be Slain.
Chapter 23.— Of the Internal Disasters Which Vexed the Roman Republic, and Followed a Portentous Madness Which Seized All the Domestic Animals.
Chapter 24.— Of the Civil Dissension Occasioned by the Sedition of the Gracchi.
Chapter 25.— Of the Temple of Concord, Which Was Erected by a Decree of the Senate on the Scene of These Seditions and Massacres.
Chapter 26.— Of the Various Kinds of Wars Which Followed the Building of the Temple of Concord.
Chapter 27.— Of the Civil War Between Marius and Sylla.
Chapter 28.— Of the Victory of Sylla, the Avenger of the Cruelties of Marius.
Chapter 29.— A Comparison of the Disasters Which Rome Experienced During the Gothic and Gallic Invasions, with Those Occasioned by the Authors of the Civil Wars.
Chapter 30.— Of the Connection of the Wars Which with Great Severity and Frequency Followed One Another Before the Advent of Christ.
Chapter 31.— That It is Effrontery to Impute the Present Troubles to Christ and the Prohibition of Polytheistic Worship Since Even When the Gods Were Worshipped Such Calamities Befell the People.
Book 4
Chapter 1.— Of the Things Which Have Been Discussed in the First Book.
Chapter 2.— Of Those Things Which are Contained in Books Second and Third.
Chapter 3.— Whether the Great Extent of the Empire, Which Has Been Acquired Only by Wars, is to Be Reckoned Among the Good Things Either of the Wise or the Happy.
Chapter 4.— How Like Kingdoms Without Justice are to Robberies.
Chapter 5.— Of the Runaway Gladiators Whose Power Became Like that of Royal Dignity.
Chapter 6.— Concerning the Covetousness of Ninus, Who Was the First Who Made War on His Neighbors, that He Might Rule More Widely.
Chapter 7.— Whether Earthly Kingdoms in Their Rise and Fall Have Been Either Aided or Deserted by the Help of the Gods.
Chapter 8.— Which of the Gods Can the Romans Suppose Presided Over the Increase and Preservation of Their Empire, When They Have Believed that Even the Care of Single Things Could Scarcely Be Committed to Single Gods.
Chapter 9.— Whether the Great Extent and Long Duration of the Roman Empire Should Be Ascribed to Jove, Whom His Worshippers Believe to Be the Chief God.
Chapter 10.— What Opinions Those Have Followed Who Have Set Divers Gods Over Divers Parts of the World.
Chapter 11.— Concerning the Many Gods Whom the Pagan Doctors Defend as Being One and the Same Jove.
Chapter 12.— Concerning the Opinion of Those Who Have Thought that God is the Soul of the World, and the World is the Body of God.
Chapter 13.— Concerning Those Who Assert that Only Rational Animals are Parts of the One God.
Chapter 14.— The Enlargement of Kingdoms is Unsuitably Ascribed to Jove; For If, as They Will Have It, Victoria is a Goddess, She Alone Would Suffice for This Business.
Chapter 15.— Whether It is Suitable for Good Men to Wish to Rule More Widely.
Chapter 16.— What Was the Reason Why the Romans, in Detailing Separate Gods for All Things and All Movements of the Mind, Chose to Have the Temple of Quiet Outside the Gates.
Chapter 17.— Whether, If the Highest Power Belongs to Jove, Victoria Also Ought to Be Worshipped.
Chapter 18.— With What Reason They Who Think Felicity and Fortune Goddesses Have Distinguished Them.
Chapter 19.— Concerning Fortuna Muliebris.
Chapter 20.— Concerning Virtue and Faith, Which the Pagans Have Honored with Temples and Sacred Rites, Passing by Other Good Qualities, Which Ought Likewise to Have Been Worshipped, If Deity Was Rightly Attributed to These.
Chapter 21.— That Although Not Understanding Them to Be the Gifts of God, They Ought at Least to Have Been Content with Virtue and Felicity.
Chapter 22.— Concerning the Knowledge of the Worship Due to the Gods, Which Varro Glories in Having Himself Conferred on the Romans.
Chapter 23.— Concerning Felicity, Whom the Romans, Who Venerate Many Gods, for a Long Time Did Not Worship with Divine Honor, Though She Alone Would Have Sufficed Instead of All.
Chapter 24.— The Reasons by Which the Pagans Attempt to Defend Their Worshipping Among the Gods the Divine Gifts Themselves.
Chapter 25.— Concerning the One God Only to Be Worshipped, Who, Although His Name is Unknown, is Yet Deemed to Be the Giver of Felicity.
Chapter 26.— Of the Scenic Plays, the Celebration of Which the Gods Have Exacted from Their Worshippers.
Chapter 27.— Concerning the Three Kinds of Gods About Which the Pontiff Scævola Has Discoursed.
Chapter 28.— Whether the Worship of the Gods Has Been of Service to the Romans in Obtaining and Extending the Empire.
Chapter 29.— Of the Falsity of the Augury by Which the Strength and Stability of the Roman Empire Was Considered to Be Indicated.
Chapter 30.— What Kind of Things Even Their Worshippers Have Owned They Have Thought About the Gods of the Nations.
Chapter 31.— Concerning the Opinions of Varro, Who, While Reprobating the Popular Belief, Thought that Their Worship Should Be Confined to One God, Though He Was Unable to Discover the True God.
Chapter 32.— In What Interest the Princes of the Nations Wished False Religions to Continue Among the People Subject to Them.
Chapter 33.— That the Times of All Kings and Kingdoms are Ordained by the Judgment and Power of the True God.
Chapter 34.— Concerning the Kingdom of the Jews, Which Was Founded by the One and True God, and Preserved by Him as Long as They Remained in the True Religion.
Book 5
Preface.
Chapter 1.— That the Cause of the Roman Empire, and of All Kingdoms, is Neither Fortuitous Nor Consists in the Position of the Stars.
Chapter 2.— On the Difference in the Health of Twins.
Chapter 3.— Concerning the Arguments Which Nigidius the Mathematician Drew from the Potter's Wheel, in the Question About the Birth of Twins.
Chapter 4.— Concerning the Twins Esau and Jacob, Who Were Very Unlike Each Other Both in Their Character and Actions.
Chapter 5.— In What Manner the Mathematicians are Convicted of Professing a Vain Science.
Chapter 6.— Concerning Twins of Different Sexes.
Chapter 7.— Concerning the Choosing of a Day for Marriage, or for Planting, or Sowing.
Chapter 8.— Concerning Those Who Call by the Name of Fate, Not the Position of the Stars, But the Connection of Causes Which Depends on the Will of God.
Chapter 9.— Concerning the Foreknowledge of God and the Free Will of Man, in Opposition to the Definition of Cicero.
Chapter 10.— Whether Our Wills are Ruled by Necessity.
Chapter 11.— Concerning the Universal Providence of God in the Laws of Which All Things are Comprehended.
Chapter 12.— By What Virtues the Ancient Romans Merited that the True God, Although They Did Not Worship Him, Should Enlarge Their Empire.
Chapter 13.— Concerning the Love of Praise, Which, Though It is a Vice, is Reckoned a Virtue, Because by It Greater Vice is Restrained.
Chapter 14.— Concerning the Eradication of the Love of Human Praise, Because All the Glory of the Righteous is in God.
Chapter 15.— Concerning the Temporal Reward Which God Granted to the Virtues of the Romans.
Chapter 16.— Concerning the Reward of the Holy Citizens of the Celestial City, to Whom the Example of the Virtues of the Romans are Useful.
Chapter 17.— To What Profit the Romans Carried on Wars, and How Much They Contributed to the Well-Being of Those Whom They Conquered.
Chapter 18.— How Far Christians Ought to Be from Boasting, If They Have Done Anything for the Love of the Eternal Country, When the Romans Did Such Great Things for Human Glory and a Terrestrial City.
Chapter 19.— Concerning the Difference Between True Glory and the Desire of Domination.
Chapter 20.— That It is as Shameful for the Virtues to Serve Human Glory as Bodily Pleasure.
Chapter 21.— That the Roman Dominion Was Granted by Him from Whom is All Power, and by Whose Providence All Things are Ruled.
Chapter 22.— The Durations and Issues of War Depend on the Will of God.
Chapter 23.— Concerning the War in Which Radagaisus, King of the Goths, a Worshipper of Demons, Was Conquered in One Day, with All His Mighty Forces.
Chapter 24.— What Was the Happiness of the Christian Emperors, and How Far It Was True Happiness.
Chapter 25.— Concerning the Prosperity Which God Granted to the Christian Emperor Constantine.
Chapter 26.— On the Faith and Piety of Theodosius Augustus.
Book 6
Preface.
Chapter 1.— Of Those Who Maintain that They Worship the Gods Not for the Sake of Temporal But Eternal Advantages.
Chapter 2.— What We are to Believe that Varro Thought Concerning the Gods of the Nations, Whose Various Kinds and Sacred Rites He Has Shown to Be Such that He Would Have Acted More Reverently Towards Them Had He Been Altogether Silent Concerning Them.
Chapter 3.— Varro's Distribution of His Book Which He Composed Concerning the Antiquities of Human and Divine Things.
Chapter 4.— That from the Disputation of Varro, It Follows that the Worshippers of the Gods Regard Human Things as More Ancient Than Divine Things.
Chapter 5.— Concerning the Three Kinds of Theology According to Varro, Namely, One Fabulous, the Other Natural, the Third Civil.
Chapter 6.— Concerning the Mythic, that Is, the Fabulous, Theology, and the Civil, Against Varro.
Chapter 7.— Concerning the Likeness and Agreement of the Fabulous and Civil Theologies.
Chapter 8.— Concerning the Interpretations, Consisting of Natural Explanations, Which the Pagan Teachers Attempt to Show for Their Gods.
Chapter 9.— Concerning the Special Offices of the Gods.
Chapter 10.— Concerning the Liberty of Seneca, Who More Vehemently Censured the Civil Theology Than Varro Did the Fabulous.
Chapter 11.— What Seneca Thought Concerning the Jews.
Chapter 12.— That When Once the Vanity of the Gods of the Nations Has Been Exposed, It Cannot Be Doubted that They are Unable to Bestow Eternal Life on Any One, When They Cannot Afford Help Even with Respect to the Things Of this Temporal Life.
Book 7
Preface.
Chapter 1.— Whether, Since It is Evident that Deity is Not to Be Found in the Civil Theology, We are to Believe that It is to Be Found in the Select Gods.
Chapter 2.— Who are the Select Gods, and Whether They are Held to Be Exempt from the Offices of the Commoner Gods.
Chapter 3.— How There is No Reason Which Can Be Shown for the Selection of Certain Gods, When the Administration of More Exalted Offices is Assigned to Many Inferior Gods.
Chapter 4.— The Inferior Gods, Whose Names are Not Associated with Infamy, Have Been Better Dealt with Than the Select Gods, Whose Infamies are Celebrated.
Chapter 5.— Concerning the More Secret Doctrine of the Pagans, and Concerning the Physical Interpretations.
Chapter 6.— Concerning the Opinion of Varro, that God is the Soul of the World, Which Nevertheless, in Its Various Parts, Has Many Souls Whose Nature is Divine.
Chapter 7.— Whether It is Reasonable to Separate Janus and Terminus as Two Distinct Deities.
Chapter 8.— For What Reason the Worshippers of Janus Have Made His Image with Two Faces, When They Would Sometimes Have It Be Seen with Four.
Chapter 9.— Concerning the Power of Jupiter, and a Comparison of Jupiter with Janus.
Chapter 10.— Whether the Distinction Between Janus and Jupiter is a Proper One.
Chapter 11.— Concerning the Surnames of Jupiter, Which are Referred Not to Many Gods, But to One and the Same God.
Chapter 12.— That Jupiter is Also Called Pecunia.
Chapter 13.— That When It is Expounded What Saturn Is, What Genius Is, It Comes to This, that Both of Them are Shown to Be Jupiter.
Chapter 14.— Concerning the Offices of Mercury and Mars.
Chapter 15.— Concerning Certain Stars Which the Pagans Have Called by the Names of Their Gods.
Chapter 16.— Concerning Apollo and Diana, and the Other Select Gods Whom They Would Have to Be Parts of the World.
Chapter 17.— That Even Varro Himself Pronounced His Own Opinions Regarding the Gods Ambiguous.
Chapter 18.— A More Credible Cause of the Rise of Pagan Error.
Chapter 19.— Concerning the Interpretations Which Compose the Reason of the Worship of Saturn.
Chapter 20.— Concerning the Rites of Eleusinian Ceres.
Chapter 21.— Concerning the Shamefulness of the Rites Which are Celebrated in Honor of Liber.
Chapter 22.— Concerning Neptune, and Salacia and Venilia.
Chapter 23.— Concerning the Earth, Which Varro Affirms to Be a Goddess, Because that Soul of the World Which He Thinks to Be God Pervades Also This Lowest Part of His Body, and Imparts to It a Divine Force.
Chapter 24.— Concerning the Surnames of Tellus and Their Significations, Which, Although They Indicate Many Properties, Ought Not to Have Established the Opinion that There is a Corresponding Number of Gods.
Chapter 25.— The Interpretation of the Mutilation of Atys Which the Doctrine of the Greek Sages Set Forth.
Chapter 26.— Concerning the Abomination of the Sacred Rites of the Great Mother.
Chapter 27.— Concerning the Figments of the Physical Theologists, Who Neither Worship the True Divinity, Nor Perform the Worship Wherewith the True Divinity Should Be Served.
Chapter 28.— That the Doctrine of Varro Concerning Theology is in No Part Consistent with Itself.
Chapter 29.— That All Things Which the Physical Theologists Have Referred to the World and Its Parts, They Ought to Have Referred to the One True God.
Chapter 30.— How Piety Distinguishes the Creator from the Creatures, So That, Instead of One God, There are Not Worshipped as Many Gods as There are Works of the One Author.
Chapter 31.— What Benefits God Gives to the Followers of the Truth to Enjoy Over and Above His General Bounty.
Chapter 32.— That at No Time in the Past Was the Mystery of Christ's Redemption Awanting, But Was at All Times Declared, Though in Various Forms.
Chapter 33.— That Only Through the Christian Religion Could the Deceit of Malign Spirits, Who Rejoice in the Errors of Men, Have Been Manifested.
Chapter 34.— Concerning the Books of Numa Pompilius, Which the Senate Ordered to Be Burned, in Order that the Causes of Sacred Rights Therein Assigned Should Not Become Known.
Chapter 35.— Concerning the Hydromancy Through Which Numa Was Befooled by Certain Images of Demons Seen in the Water.
Book 8
Chapter 1.— That the Question of Natural Theology is to Be Discussed with Those Philosophers Who Sought a More Excellent Wisdom.
Chapter 2.— Concerning the Two Schools of Philosophers, that Is, the Italic and Ionic, and Their Founders.
Chapter 3.— Of the Socratic Philosophy.
Chapter 4.— Concerning Plato, the Chief Among the Disciples of Socrates, and His Threefold Division of Philosophy.
Chapter 5.— That It is Especially with the Platonists that We Must Carry on Our Disputations on Matters of Theology, Their Opinions Being Preferable to Those of All Other Philosophers.
Chapter 6.— Concerning the Meaning of the Platonists in that Part of Philosophy Called Physical.
Chapter 7.— How Much the Platonists are to Be Held as Excelling Other Philosophers in Logic, i.e. Rational Philosophy.
Chapter 8.— That the Platonists Hold the First Rank in Moral Philosophy Also.
Chapter 9.— Concerning that Philosophy Which Has Come Nearest to the Christian Faith.
Chapter 10.— That the Excellency of the Christian Religion is Above All the Science of Philosophers.
Chapter 11.— How Plato Has Been Able to Approach So Nearly to Christian Knowledge.
Chapter 12.— That Even the Platonists, Though They Say These Things Concerning the One True God, Nevertheless Thought that Sacred Rites Were to Be Performed in Honor of Many Gods.
Chapter 13.— Concerning the Opinion of Plato, According to Which He Defined the Gods as Beings Entirely Good and the Friends of Virtue.
Chapter 14.— Of the Opinion of Those Who Have Said that Rational Souls are of Three Kinds, to Wit, Those of the Celestial Gods, Those of the Aerial Demons, and Those of Terrestrial Men.
Chapter 15.— That the Demons are Not Better Than Men Because of Their Aerial Bodies, or on Account of Their Superior Place of Abode.
Chapter 16.— What Apuleius the Platonist Thought Concerning the Manners and Actions of Demons.
Chapter 17.— Whether It is Proper that Men Should Worship Those Spirits from Whose Vices It is Necessary that They Be Freed.
Chapter 18.— What Kind of Religion that is Which Teaches that Men Ought to Employ the Advocacy of Demons in Order to Be Recommended to the Favor of the Good Gods.
Chapter 19.— Of the Impiety of the Magic Art, Which is Dependent on the Assistance of Malign Spirits.
Chapter 20.— Whether We are to Believe that the Good Gods are More Willing to Have Intercourse with Demons Than with Men.
Chapter 21.— Whether the Gods Use the Demons as Messengers and Interpreters, and Whether They are Deceived by Them Willingly, or Without Their Own Knowledge.
Chapter 22.— That We Must, Notwithstanding the Opinion of Apuleius, Reject the Worship of Demons.
Chapter 23.— What Hermes Trismegistus Thought Concerning Idolatry, and from What Source He Knew that the Superstitions of Egypt Were to Be Abolished.
Chapter 24.— How Hermes Openly Confessed the Error of His Forefathers, the Coming Destruction of Which He Nevertheless Bewailed.
Chapter 25.— Concerning Those Things Which May Be Common to the Holy Angels and to Men.
Chapter 26.— That All the Religion of the Pagans Has Reference to Dead Men.
Chapter 27.— Concerning the Nature of the Honor Which the Christians Pay to Their Martyrs.
Book 9
Chapter 1.— The Point at Which the Discussion Has Arrived, and What Remains to Be Handled.
Chapter 2.— Whether Among the Demons, Inferior to the Gods, There are Any Good Spirits Under Whose Guardianship the Human Soul Might Reach True Blessedness.
Chapter 3.— What Apuleius Attributes to the Demons, to Whom, Though He Does Not Deny Them Reason, He Does Not Ascribe Virtue.
Chapter 4.— The Opinion of the Peripatetics and Stoics About Mental Emotions.
Chapter 5.— That the Passions Which Assail the Souls of Christians Do Not Seduce Them to Vice, But Exercise Their Virtue.
Chapter 6.— Of the Passions Which, According to Apuleius, Agitate the Demons Who Are Supposed by Him to Mediate Between Gods and Men.
Chapter 7.— That the Platonists Maintain that the Poets Wrong the Gods by Representing Them as Distracted by Party Feeling, to Which the Demons and Not the Gods, are Subject.
Chapter 8.— How Apuleius Defines the Gods Who Dwell in Heaven, the Demons Who Occupy the Air, and Men Who Inhabit Earth.
Chapter 9.— Whether the Intercession of the Demons Can Secure for Men the Friendship of the Celestial Gods.
Chapter 10.— That, According to Plotinus, Men, Whose Body is Mortal, are Less Wretched Than Demons, Whose Body is Eternal.
Chapter 11.— Of the Opinion of the Platonists, that the Souls of Men Become Demons When Disembodied.
Chapter 12.— Of the Three Opposite Qualities by Which the Platonists Distinguish Between the Nature of Men and that of Demons.
Chapter 13.— How the Demons Can Mediate Between Gods and Men If They Have Nothing in Common with Both, Being Neither Blessed Like the Gods, Nor Miserable Like Men.
Chapter 14.— Whether Men, Though Mortal, Can Enjoy True Blessedness.
Chapter 15.— Of the Man Christ Jesus, the Mediator Between God and Men.
Chapter 16.— Whether It is Reasonable in the Platonists to Determine that the Celestial Gods Decline Contact with Earthly Things and Intercourse with Men, Who Therefore Require the Intercession of the Demons.
Chapter 17.— That to Obtain the Blessed Life, Which Consists in Partaking of the Supreme Good, Man Needs Such Mediation as is Furnished Not by a Demon, But by Christ Alone.
Chapter 18.— That the Deceitful Demons, While Promising to Conduct Men to God by Their Intercession, Mean to Turn Them from the Path of Truth.
Chapter 19.— That Even Among Their Own Worshippers the Name Demon Has Never a Good Signification.
Chapter 20.— Of the Kind of Knowledge Which Puffs Up the Demons.
Chapter 21.— To What Extent the Lord Was Pleased to Make Himself Known to the Demons.
Chapter 22.— The Difference Between the Knowledge of the Holy Angels and that of the Demons.
Chapter 23.— That the Name of Gods is Falsely Given to the Gods of the Gentiles, Though Scripture Applies It Both to the Holy Angels and Just Men.
Book 10
Chapter 1.— That the Platonists Themselves Have Determined that God Alone Can Confer Happiness Either on Angels or Men, But that It Yet Remains a Question Whether Those Spirits Whom They Direct Us to Worship, that We May Obtain Happiness, Wish Sacrifice to Be Offered to Themselves, or to the One God Only.
Chapter 2.— The Opinion of Plotinus the Platonist Regarding Enlightenment from Above.
Chapter 3.— That the Platonists, Though Knowing Something of the Creator of the Universe, Have Misunderstood the True Worship of God, by Giving Divine Honor to Angels, Good or Bad.
Chapter 4.— That Sacrifice is Due to the True God Only.
Chapter 5.— Of the Sacrifices Which God Does Not Require, But Wished to Be Observed for the Exhibition of Those Things Which He Does Require.
Chapter 6.— Of the True and Perfect Sacrifice.
Chapter 7.— Of the Love of the Holy Angels, Which Prompts Them to Desire that We Worship the One True God, and Not Themselves.
Chapter 8.— Of the Miracles Which God Has Condescended to Adhibit Through the Ministry of Angels, to His Promises for the Confirmation of the Faith of the Godly.
Chapter 9.— Of the Illicit Arts Connected with Demonolatry, and of Which the Platonist Porphyry Adopts Some, and Discards Others.
Chapter 10.— Concerning Theurgy, Which Promises a Delusive Purification of the Soul by the Invocation of Demons.
Chapter 11.— Of Porphyry's Epistle to Anebo, in Which He Asks for Information About the Differences Among Demons.
Chapter 12.— Of the Miracles Wrought by the True God Through the Ministry of the Holy Angels.
Chapter 13.— Of the Invisible God, Who Has Often Made Himself Visible, Not as He Really Is, But as the Beholders Could Bear the Sight.
Chapter 14.— That the One God is to Be Worshipped Not Only for the Sake of Eternal Blessings, But Also in Connection with Temporal Prosperity, Because All Things are Regulated by His Providence.
Chapter 15.— Of the Ministry of the Holy Angels, by Which They Fulfill the Providence of God.
Chapter 16.— Whether Those Angels Who Demand that We Pay Them Divine Honor, or Those Who Teach Us to Render Holy Service, Not to Themselves, But to God, are to Be Trusted About the Way to Life Eternal.
Chapter 17.— Concerning the Ark of the Covenant, and the Miraculous Signs Whereby God Authenticated the Law and the Promise.
Chapter 18.— Against Those Who Deny that the Books of the Church are to Be Believed About the Miracles Whereby the People of God Were Educated.
Chapter 19.— On the Reasonableness of Offering, as the True Religion Teaches, a Visible Sacrifice to the One True and Invisible God.
Chapter 20.— Of the Supreme and True Sacrifice Which Was Effected by the Mediator Between God and Men.
Chapter 21 .— Of the Power Delegated to Demons for the Trial and Glorification of the Saints, Who Conquer Not by Propitiating the Spirits of the Air, But by Abiding in God.
Chapter 22.— Whence the Saints Derive Power Against Demons and True Purification of Heart.
Chapter 23.— Of the Principles Which, According to the Platonists, Regulate the Purification of the Soul.
Chapter 24.— Of the One Only True Principle Which Alone Purifies and Renews Human Nature.
Chapter 25.— That All the Saints, Both Under the Law and Before It, Were Justified by Faith in the Mystery of Christ's Incarnation.
Chapter 26.— Of Porphyry's Weakness in Wavering Between the Confession of the True God and the Worship of Demons.
Chapter 27.— Of the Impiety of Porphyry, Which is Worse Than Even the Mistake of Apuleius.
Chapter 28.— How It is that Porphyry Has Been So Blind as Not to Recognize the True Wisdom— Christ.
Chapter 29.— Of the Incarnation of Our Lord Jesus Christ, Which the Platonists in Their Impiety Blush to Acknowledge.
Chapter 30.— Porphyry's Emendations and Modifications of Platonism.
Chapter 31.— Against the Arguments on Which the Platonists Ground Their Assertion that the Human Soul is Co-Eternal with God.
Chapter 32.— Of the Universal Way of the Soul's Deliverance, Which Porphyry Did Not Find Because He Did Not Rightly Seek It, and Which the Grace of Christ Has Alone Thrown Open.
Book 11
Chapter 1.— Of This Part of the Work, Wherein We Begin to Explain the Origin and End of the Two Cities.
Chapter 2.— Of the Knowledge of God, to Which No Man Can Attain Save Through the Mediator Between God and Men, the Man Christ Jesus.
Chapter 3.— Of the Authority of the Canonical Scriptures Composed by the Divine Spirit.
Chapter 4.— That the World is Neither Without Beginning, Nor Yet Created by a New Decree of God, by Which He Afterwards Willed What He Had Not Before Willed.
Chapter 5.— That We Ought Not to Seek to Comprehend the Infinite Ages of Time Before the World, Nor the Infinite Realms of Space.
Chapter 6.— That the World and Time Had Both One Beginning, and the One Did Not Anticipate the Other.
Chapter 7.— Of the Nature of the First Days, Which are Said to Have Had Morning and Evening, Before There Was a Sun.
Chapter 8.— What We are to Understand of God's Resting on the Seventh Day, After the Six Days' Work.
Chapter 9.— What the Scriptures Teach Us to Believe Concerning the Creation of the Angels.
Chapter 10.— Of the Simple and Unchangeable Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, One God, in Whom Substance and Quality are Identical.
Chapter 11.— Whether the Angels that Fell Partook of the Blessedness Which the Holy Angels Have Always Enjoyed from the Time of Their Creation.
Chapter 12.— A Comparison of the Blessedness of the Righteous, Who Have Not Yet Received the Divine Reward, with that of Our First Parents in Paradise.
Chapter 13.— Whether All the Angels Were So Created in One Common State of Felicity, that Those Who Fell Were Not Aware that They Would Fall, and that Those Who Stood Received Assurance of Their Own Perseverance After the Ruin of the Fallen.
Chapter 14.— An Explanation of What is Said of the Devil, that He Did Not Abide in the Truth, Because the Truth Was Not in Him.
Chapter 15.— How We are to Understand the Words, The Devil Sins from the Beginning.
Chapter 16.— Of the Ranks and Differences of the Creatures, Estimated by Their Utility, or According to the Natural Gradations of Being.
Chapter 17.— That the Flaw of Wickedness is Not Nature, But Contrary to Nature, and Has Its Origin, Not in the Creator, But in the Will.
Chapter 18.— Of the Beauty of the Universe, Which Becomes, by God's Ordinance, More Brilliant by the Opposition of Contraries.
Chapter 19.— What, Seemingly, We are to Understand by the Words, God Divided the Light from the Darkness.
Chapter 20.— Of the Words Which Follow the Separation of Light and Darkness, And God Saw the Light that It Was Good.
Chapter 21.— Of God's Eternal and Unchangeable Knowledge and Will, Whereby All He Has Made Pleased Him in the Eternal Design as Well as in the Actual Result.
Chapter 22.— Of Those Who Do Not Approve of Certain Things Which are a Part of This Good Creation of a Good Creator, and Who Think that There is Some Natural Evil.
Chapter 23.— Of the Error in Which the Doctrine of Origen is Involved.
Chapter 24.— Of the Divine Trinity, and the Indications of Its Presence Scattered Everywhere Among Its Works.
Chapter 25.— Of the Division of Philosophy into Three Parts.
Chapter 26.— Of the Image of the Supreme Trinity, Which We Find in Some Sort in Human Nature Even in Its Present State.
Chapter 27.— Of Existence, and Knowledge of It, and the Love of Both.
Chapter 28.— Whether We Ought to Love the Love Itself with Which We Love Our Existence and Our Knowledge of It, that So We May More Nearly Resemble the Image of the Divine Trinity.
Chapter 29.— Of the Knowledge by Which the Holy Angels Know God in His Essence, and by Which They See the Causes of His Works in the Art of the Worker, Before They See Them in the Works of the Artist.
Chapter 30.— Of the Perfection of the Number Six, Which is the First of the Numbers Which is Composed of Its Aliquot Parts.
Chapter 31.— Of the Seventh Day, in Which Completeness and Repose are Celebrated.
Chapter 32.— Of the Opinion that the Angels Were Created Before the World.
Chapter 33.— Of the Two Different and Dissimilar Communities of Angels, Which are Not Inappropriately Signified by the Names Light and Darkness.
Chapter 34.— Of the Idea that the Angels Were Meant Where the Separation of the Waters by the Firmament is Spoken Of, and of that Other Idea that the Waters Were Not Created.
Book 12
Chapter 1.— That the Nature of the Angels, Both Good and Bad, is One and the Same.
Chapter 2.— That There is No Entity Contrary to the Divine, Because Nonentity Seems to Be that Which is Wholly Opposite to Him Who Supremely and Always is.
Chapter 3.— That the Enemies of God are So, Not by Nature, But by Will, Which, as It Injures Them, Injures a Good Nature; For If Vice Does Not Injure, It is Not Vice.
Chapter 4.— Of the Nature of Irrational and Lifeless Creatures, Which in Their Own Kind and Order Do Not Mar the Beauty of the Universe.
Chapter 5.— That in All Natures, of Every Kind and Rank, God is Glorified.
Chapter 6.— What the Cause of the Blessedness of the Good Angels Is, and What the Cause of the Misery of the Wicked.
Chapter 7.— That We Ought Not to Expect to Find Any Efficient Cause of the Evil Will.
Chapter 8.— Of the Misdirected Love Whereby the Will Fell Away from the Immutable to the Mutable Good.
Chapter 9.— Whether the Angels, Besides Receiving from God Their Nature, Received from Him Also Their Good Will by the Holy Spirit Imbuing Them with Love.
Chapter 10.— Of the Falseness of the History Which Allots Many Thousand Years to the World's Past.
Chapter 11.— Of Those Who Suppose that This World Indeed is Not Eternal, But that Either There are Numberless Worlds, or that One and the Same World is Perpetually Resolved into Its Elements, and Renewed at the Conclusion of Fixed Cycles.
Chapter 12.— How These Persons are to Be Answered, Who Find Fault with the Creation of Man on the Score of Its Recent Date.
Chapter 13.— Of the Revolution of the Ages, Which Some Philosophers Believe Will Bring All Things Round Again, After a Certain Fixed Cycle, to the Same Order and Form as at First.
Chapter 14.— Of the Creation of the Human Race in Time, and How This Was Effected Without Any New Design or Change of Purpose on God's Part.
Chapter 15.— Whether We are to Believe that God, as He Has Always Been Sovereign Lord, Has Always Had Creatures Over Whom He Exercised His Sovereignty; And in What Sense We Can Say that the Creature Has Always Been, and Yet Cannot Say It is Co-Eternal.
Chapter 16.— How We are to Understand God's Promise of Life Eternal, Which Was Uttered Before the Eternal Times.
Chapter 17.— What Defence is Made by Sound Faith Regarding God's Unchangeable Counsel and Will, Against the Reasonings of Those Who Hold that the Works of God are Eternally Repeated in Revolving Cycles that Restore All Things as They Were.
Chapter 18.— Against Those Who Assert that Things that are Infinite Cannot Be Comprehended by the Knowledge of God.
Chapter 19.— Of Worlds Without End, or Ages of Ages.
Chapter 20.— Of the Impiety of Those Who Assert that the Souls Which Enjoy True and Perfect Blessedness, Must Yet Again and Again in These Periodic Revolutions Return to Labor and Misery.
Chapter 21.— That There Was Created at First But One Individual, and that the Human Race Was Created in Him.
Chapter 22.— That God Foreknew that the First Man Would Sin, and that He at the Same Time Foresaw How Large a Multitude of Godly Persons Would by His Grace Be Translated to the Fellowship of the Angels.
Chapter 23.— Of the Nature of the Human Soul Created in the Image of God.
Chapter 24.— Whether the Angels Can Be Said to Be the Creators of Any, Even the Least Creature.
Chapter 25.— That God Alone is the Creator of Every Kind of Creature, Whatever Its Nature or Form.
Chapter 26.— Of that Opinion of the Platonists, that the Angels Were Themselves Indeed Created by God, But that Afterwards They Created Man's Body.
Chapter 27.— That the Whole Plenitude of the Human Race Was Embraced in the First Man, and that God There Saw the Portion of It Which Was to Be Honored and Rewarded, and that Which Was to Be Condemned and Punished.
Book 13
Chapter 1.— Of the Fall of the First Man, Through Which Mortality Has Been Contracted.
Chapter 2.— Of that Death Which Can Affect an Immortal Soul, and of that to Which the Body is Subject.
Chapter 3.— Whether Death, Which by the Sin of Our First Parents Has Passed Upon All Men, is the Punishment of Sin, Even to the Good.
Chapter 4.— Why Death, the Punishment of Sin, is Not Withheld from Those Who by the Grace of Regeneration are Absolved from Sin.
Chapter 5.— As the Wicked Make an Ill Use of the Law, Which is Good, So the Good Make a Good Use of Death, Which is an Ill.
Chapter 6.— Of the Evil of Death in General, Considered as the Separation of Soul and Body.
Chapter 7.— Of the Death Which the Unbaptized Suffer for the Confession of Christ.
Chapter 8.— That the Saints, by Suffering the First Death for the Truth's Sake, are Freed from the Second.
Chapter 9.— Whether We Should Say that The Moment of Death, in Which Sensation Ceases, Occurs in the Experience of the Dying or in that of the Dead.
Chapter 10.— Of the Life of Mortals, Which is Rather to Be Called Death Than Life.
Chapter 11.— Whether One Can Both Be Living and Dead at the Same Time.
Chapter 12.— What Death God Intended, When He Threatened Our First Parents with Death If They Should Disobey His Commandment.
Chapter 13.— What Was the First Punishment of the Transgression of Our First Parents.
Chapter 14.— In What State Man Was Made by God, and into What Estate He Fell by the Choice of His Own Will.
Chapter 15.— That Adam in His Sin Forsook God Ere God Forsook Him, and that His Falling Away From God Was the First Death of the Soul.
Chapter 16.— Concerning the Philosophers Who Think that the Separation of Soul and Body is Not Penal, Though Plato Represents the Supreme Deity as Promising to the Inferior Gods that They Shall Never Be Dismissed from Their Bodies.
Chapter 17.— Against Those Who Affirm that Earthly Bodies Cannot Be Made Incorruptible and Eternal.
Chapter 18.— Of Earthly Bodies, Which the Philosophers Affirm Cannot Be in Heavenly Places, Because Whatever is of Earth is by Its Natural Weight Attracted to Earth.
Chapter 19.— Against the Opinion of Those Who Do Not Believe that the Primitive Men Would Have Been Immortal If They Had Not Sinned.
Chapter 20.— That the Flesh Now Resting in Peace Shall Be Raised to a Perfection Not Enjoyed by the Flesh of Our First Parents.
Chapter 21.— Of Paradise, that It Can Be Understood in a Spiritual Sense Without Sacrificing the Historic Truth of the Narrative Regarding The Real Place.
Chapter 22.— That the Bodies of the Saints Shall After the Resurrection Be Spiritual, and Yet Flesh Shall Not Be Changed into Spirit.
Chapter 23.— What We are to Understand by the Animal and Spiritual Body; Or of Those Who Die in Adam, And of Those Who are Made Alive in Christ.
Chapter 24.— How We Must Understand that Breathing of God by Which The First Man Was Made a Living Soul, And that Also by Which the Lord Conveyed His Spirit to His Disciples When He Said, Receive the Holy Ghost.
Book 14
Chapter 1.— That the Disobedience of the First Man Would Have Plunged All Men into the Endless Misery of the Second Death, Had Not the Grace of God Rescued Many.
Chapter 2.— Of Carnal Life, Which is to Be Understood Not Only of Living in Bodily Indulgence, But Also of Living in the Vices of the Inner Man.
Chapter 3.— That the Sin is Caused Not by the Flesh, But by the Soul, and that the Corruption Contracted from Sin is Not Sin But Sin's Punishment.
Chapter 4.— What It is to Live According to Man, and What to Live According to God.
Chapter 5.— That the Opinion of the Platonists Regarding the Nature of Body and Soul is Not So Censurable as that of the Manichæans, But that Even It is Objectionable, Because It Ascribes the Origin of Vices to the Nature of The Flesh.
Chapter 6.— Of the Character of the Human Will Which Makes the Affections of the Soul Right or Wrong.
Chapter 7.— That the Words Love and Regard (Amor and Dilectio) are in Scripture Used Indifferently of Good and Evil Affection.
Chapter 8.— Of the Three Perturbations, Which the Stoics Admitted in the Soul of the Wise Man to the Exclusion of Grief or Sadness, Which the Manly Mind Ought Not to Experience.
Chapter 9.— Of the Perturbations of the Soul Which Appear as Right Affections in the Life of the Righteous.
Chapter 10.— Whether It is to Be Believed that Our First Parents in Paradise, Before They Sinned, Were Free from All Perturbation.
Chapter 11.— Of the Fall of the First Man, in Whom Nature Was Created Good, and Can Be Restored Only by Its Author.
Chapter 12.— Of the Nature of Man's First Sin.
Chapter 13.— That in Adam's Sin an Evil Will Preceded the Evil Act.
Chapter 14.— Of the Pride in the Sin, Which Was Worse Than the Sin Itself.
Chapter 15.— Of the Justice of the Punishment with Which Our First Parents Were Visited for Their Disobedience.
Chapter 16.— Of the Evil of Lust—A Word Which, Though Applicable to Many Vices, is Specially Appropriated to Sexual Uncleanness.
Chapter 17.— Of the Nakedness of Our First Parents, Which They Saw After Their Base and Shameful Sin.
Chapter 18.— Of the Shame Which Attends All Sexual Intercourse.
Chapter 19.— That It is Now Necessary, as It Was Not Before Man Sinned, to Bridle Anger and Lust by the Restraining Influence of Wisdom.
Chapter 20.— Of the Foolish Beastliness of the Cynics.
Chapter 21.— That Man's Transgression Did Not Annul the Blessing of Fecundity Pronounced Upon Man Before He Sinned But Infected It with the Disease of Lust.
Chapter 22.— Of the Conjugal Union as It Was Originally Instituted and Blessed by God.
Chapter 23.— Whether Generation Should Have Taken Place Even in Paradise Had Man Not Sinned, or Whether There Should Have Been Any Contention There Between Chastity and Lust.
Chapter 24.— That If Men Had Remained Innocent and Obedient in Paradise, the Generative Organs Should Have Been in Subjection to the Will as the Other Members are.
Chapter 25.— Of True Blessedness, Which This Present Life Cannot Enjoy.
Chapter 26.— That We are to Believe that in Paradise Our First Parents Begot Offspring Without Blushing.
Chapter 27.— Of the Angels and Men Who Sinned, and that Their Wickedness Did Not Disturb the Order of God's Providence.
Chapter 28.— Of the Nature of the Two Cities, the Earthly and the Heavenly.
Book 15
Chapter 1.— Of the Two Lines of the Human Race Which from First to Last Divide It.
Chapter 2.— Of the Children of the Flesh and the Children of the Promise.
Chapter 3.— That Sarah's Barrenness was Made Productive by God's Grace.
Chapter 4.— Of the Conflict and Peace of the Earthly City.
Chapter 5.— Of the Fratricidal Act of the Founder of the Earthly City, and the Corresponding Crime of the Founder of Rome.
Chapter 6.— Of the Weaknesses Which Even the Citizens of the City of God Suffer During This Earthly Pilgrimage in Punishment of Sin, and of Which They are Healed by God's Care.
Chapter 7.— Of the Cause of Cain's Crime and His Obstinacy, Which Not Even the Word of God Could Subdue.
Chapter 8.— What Cain's Reason Was for Building a City So Early in the History of the Human Race.
Chapter 9.— Of the Long Life and Greater Stature of the Antediluvians.
Chapter 10.— Of the Different Computation of the Ages of the Antediluvians, Given by the Hebrew Manuscripts and by Our Own.
Chapter 11.— Of Methuselah's Age, Which Seems to Extend Fourteen Years Beyond the Deluge.
Chapter 12.— Of the Opinion of Those Who Do Not Believe that in These Primitive Times Men Lived So Long as is Stated.
Chapter 13.— Whether, in Computing Years, We Ought to Follow the Hebrew or the Septuagint.
Chapter 14.— That the Years in Those Ancient Times Were of the Same Length as Our Own.
Chapter 15.— Whether It is Credible that the Men of the Primitive Age Abstained from Sexual Intercourse Until that Date at Which It is Recorded that They Begot Children.
Chapter 16.— Of Marriage Between Blood-Relations, in Regard to Which the Present Law Could Not Bind the Men of the Earliest Ages.
Chapter 17.— Of the Two Fathers and Leaders Who Sprang from One Progenitor.
Chapter 18.— The Significance of Abel, Seth, and Enos to Christ and His Body the Church.
Chapter 19.— The Significance Of Enoch's Translation.
Chapter 20.— How It is that Cain's Line Terminates in the Eighth Generation, While Noah, Though Descended from the Same Father, Adam, is Found to Be the Tenth from Him.
Chapter 21.— Why It is That, as Soon as Cain's Son Enoch Has Been Named, the Genealogy is Forthwith Continued as Far as the Deluge, While After the Mention of Enos, Seth's Son, the Narrative Returns Again to the Creation of Man.
Chapter 22.— Of the Fall of the Sons of God Who Were Captivated by the Daughters of Men, Whereby All, with the Exception of Eight Persons, Deservedly Perished in the Deluge.
Chapter 23.— Whether We are to Believe that Angels, Who are of a Spiritual Substance, Fell in Love with the Beauty of Women, and Sought Them in Marriage, and that from This Connection Giants Were Born.
Chapter 24.— How We are to Understand This Which the Lord Said to Those Who Were to Perish in the Flood: Their Days Shall Be 120 Years.
Chapter 25.— Of the Anger of God, Which Does Not Inflame His Mind, Nor Disturb His Unchangeable Tranquillity.
Chapter 26.— That the Ark Which Noah Was Ordered to Make Figures In Every Respect Christ and the Church.
Chapter 27.— Of the Ark and the Deluge, and that We Cannot Agree with Those Who Receive the Bare History, But Reject the Allegorical Interpretation, Nor with Those Who Maintain the Figurative and Not the Historical Meaning.
Book 16
In the former part of this book, from the first to the twelfth Chapter, the progress of the two cities, the earthly and the heavenly, from Noah to Abraham, is exhibited from Holy Scripture: In the latter part, the progress of the heavenly alone, from Abraham to the kings of Israel, is the subject.
Chapter 1.— Whether, After the Deluge, from Noah to Abraham, Any Families Can Be Found Who Lived According to God.
Chapter 2.— What Was Prophetically Prefigured in the Sons of Noah.
Chapter 3.— Of the Generations of the Three Sons of Noah.
Chapter 4.— Of the Diversity of Languages, and of the Founding of Babylon.
Chapter 5.— Of God's Coming Down to Confound the Languages of the Builders of the City.
Chapter 6.— What We are to Understand by God's Speaking to the Angels.
Chapter 7.— Whether Even the Remotest Islands Received Their Fauna from the Animals Which Were Preserved, Through the Deluge, in the Ark.
Chapter 8.— Whether Certain Monstrous Races of Men are Derived from the Stock of Adam or Noah's Sons.
Chapter 9.— Whether We are to Believe in the Antipodes.
Chapter 10.— Of the Genealogy of Shem, in Whose Line the City of God is Preserved Till the Time of Abraham.
Chapter 11.— That the Original Language in Use Among Men Was that Which Was Afterwards Called Hebrew, from Heber, in Whose Family It Was Preserved When the Confusion of Tongues Occurred.
Chapter 12.— Of the Era in Abraham's Life from Which a New Period in the Holy Succession Begins.
Chapter 13.— Why, in the Account of Terah's Emigration, on His Forsaking the Chaldeans and Passing Over into Mesopotamia, No Mention is Made of His Son Nahor.
Chapter 14.— Of the Years of Terah, Who Completed His Lifetime in Haran.
Chapter 15.— Of the Time of the Migration of Abraham, When, According to the Commandment of God, He Went Out from Haran.
Chapter 16.— Of the Order and Nature of the Promises of God Which Were Made to Abraham.
Chapter 17.— Of the Three Most Famous Kingdoms of the Nations, of Which One, that is the Assyrian, Was Already Very Eminent When Abraham Was Born.
Chapter 18.— Of the Repeated Address of God to Abraham, in Which He Promised the Land of Canaan to Him and to His Seed.
Chapter 19.— Of the Divine Preservation of Sarah's Chastity in Egypt, When Abraham Had Called Her Not His Wife But His Sister.
Chapter 20.— Of the Parting of Lot and Abraham, Which They Agreed to Without Breach of Charity.
Chapter 21.— Of the Third Promise of God, by Which He Assured the Land of Canaan to Abraham and His Seed in Perpetuity.
Chapter 22.— Of Abraham's Overcoming the Enemies of Sodom, When He Delivered Lot from Captivity and Was Blessed by Melchizedek the Priest.
Chapter 23.— Of the Word of the Lord to Abraham, by Which It Was Promised to Him that His Posterity Should Be Multiplied According to the Multitude of the Stars; On Believing Which He Was Declared Justified While Yet in Uncircumcision.
Chapter 24.— Of the Meaning of the Sacrifice Abraham Was Commanded to Offer When He Supplicated to Be Taught About Those Things He Had Believed.
Chapter 25.— Of Sarah's Handmaid, Hagar, Whom She Herself Wished to Be Abraham's Concubine.
Chapter 26.— Of God's Attestation to Abraham, by Which He Assures Him, When Now Old, of a Son by the Barren Sarah, and Appoints Him the Father of the Nations, and Seals His Faith in the Promise by the Sacrament of Circumcision.
Chapter 28.— Of the Change of Name in Abraham and Sarah, Who Received the Gift of Fecundity When They Were Incapable of Regeneration Owing to the Barrenness of One, and the Old Age of Both.
Chapter 29.— Of the Three Men or Angels, in Whom the Lord is Related to Have Appeared to Abraham at the Oak of Mamre.
Chapter 30.— Of Lot's Deliverance from Sodom, and Its Consumption by Fire from Heaven; And of Abimelech, Whose Lust Could Not Harm Sarah's Chastity.
Chapter 31.— Of Isaac, Who Was Born According to the Promise, Whose Name Was Given on Account of the Laughter of Both Parents.
Chapter 32.— Of Abraham's Obedience and Faith, Which Were Proved by the Offering Up, of His Son in Sacrifice, and of Sarah's Death.
Chapter 33.— Of Rebecca, the Grand-Daughter of Nahor, Whom Isaac Took to Wife.
Chapter 34.— What is Meant by Abraham's Marrying Keturah After Sarah's Death.
Chapter 35.— What Was Indicated by the Divine Answer About the Twins Still Shut Up in the Womb of Rebecca Their Mother.
Chapter 36.— Of the Oracle and Blessing Which Isaac Received, Just as His Father Did, Being Beloved for His Sake.
Chapter 37.— Of the Things Mystically Prefigured in Esau and Jacob.
Chapter 38.— Of Jacob's Mission to Mesopotamia to Get a Wife, and of the Vision Which He Saw in a Dream by the Way, and of His Getting Four Women When He Sought One Wife.
Chapter 39.— The Reason Why Jacob Was Also Called Israel.
Chapter 40.— How It is Said that Jacob Went into Egypt with Seventy-Five Souls, When Most of Those Who are Mentioned Were Born at a Later Period.
Chapter 41.— Of the Blessing Which Jacob Promised in Judah His Son.
Chapter 42.— Of the Sons of Joseph, Whom Jacob Blessed, Prophetically Changing His Hands.
Chapter 43.— Of the Times of Moses and Joshua the Son of Nun, of the Judges, and Thereafter of the Kings, of Whom Saul Was the First, But David is to Be Regarded as the Chief, Both by the Oath and by Merit.
Book 17
Chapter 1.— Of the Prophetic Age.
Chapter 2.— At What Time the Promise of God Was Fulfilled Concerning the Land of Canaan, Which Even Carnal Israel Got in Possession.
Chapter 3.— Of the Three-Fold Meaning of the Prophecies, Which are to Be Referred Now to the Earthly, Now to the Heavenly Jerusalem, and Now Again to Both.
Chapter 4.— About the Prefigured Change of the Israelitic Kingdom and Priesthood, and About the Things Hannah the Mother of Samuel Prophesied, Personating the Church.
Chapter 5.— Of Those Things Which a Man of God Spoke by the Spirit to Eli the Priest, Signifying that the Priesthood Which Had Been Appointed According to Aaron Was to Be Taken Away.
Chapter 6.— Of the Jewish Priesthood and Kingdom, Which, Although Promised to Be Established for Ever, Did Not Continue; So that Other Things are to Be Understood to Which Eternity is Assured.
Chapter 7.— Of the Disruption of the Kingdom of Israel, by Which the Perpetual Division of the Spiritual from the Carnal Israel Was Prefigured.
Chapter 8.— Of the Promises Made to David in His Son, Which are in No Wise Fulfilled in Solomon, But Most Fully in Christ.
Chapter 9.— How Like the Prophecy About Christ in the 89th Psalm is to the Things Promised in Nathan's Prophecy in the Books of Samuel.
Chapter 10.— How Different the Acts in the Kingdom of the Earthly Jerusalem are from Those Which God Had Promised, So that the Truth of the Promise Should Be Understood to Pertain to the Glory of the Other King and Kingdom.
Chapter 11.— Of the Substance of the People of God, Which Through His Assumption of Flesh is in Christ, Who Alone Had Power to Deliver His Own Soul from Hell.
Chapter 12.— To Whose Person the Entreaty for the Promises is to Be Understood to Belong, When He Says in the Psalm, Where are Your Ancient Compassions, Lord? Etc.
Chapter 13.— Whether the Truth of This Promised Peace Can Be Ascribed to Those Times Passed Away Under Solomon.
Chapter 14.— Of David's Concern in the Writing of the Psalms.
Chapter 15.— Whether All the Things Prophesied in the Psalms Concerning Christ and His Church Should Be Taken Up in the Text of This Work.
Chapter 16.— Of the Things Pertaining to Christ and the Church, Said Either Openly or Tropically in the 45th Psalm.
Chapter 17.— Of Those Things in the 110th Psalm Which Relate to the Priesthood of Christ, and in the 22d to His Passion.
Chapter 18.— Of the 3d, 41st, 15th, and 68th Psalms, in Which the Death and Resurrection of the Lord are Prophesied.
Chapter 19.— Of the 69th Psalm, in Which the Obstinate Unbelief of the Jews is Declared.
Chapter 20.— Of David's Reign and Merit; And of His Son Solomon, and that Prophecy Relating to Christ Which is Found Either in Those Books Which are Joined to Those Written by Him, or in Those Which are Indubitably His.
Chapter 21.— Of the Kings After Solomon, Both in Judah and Israel.
Chapter 22.— Of Jeroboam, Who Profaned the People Put Under Him by the Impiety of Idolatry, Amid Which, However, God Did Not Cease to Inspire the Prophets, and to Guard Many from the Crime of Idolatry.
Chapter 23.— Of the Varying Condition of Both the Hebrew Kingdoms, Until the People of Both Were at Different Times Led into Captivity, Judah Being Afterwards Recalled into His Kingdom, Which Finally Passed into the Power of the Romans.
Chapter 24.— Of the Prophets, Who Either Were the Last Among the Jews, or Whom the Gospel History Reports About the Time of Christ's Nativity.
Book 18
Chapter 1.— Of Those Things Down to the Times of the Saviour Which Have Been Discussed in the Seventeen Books.
Chapter 2.— Of the Kings and Times of the Earthly City Which Were Synchronous with the Times of the Saints, Reckoning from the Rise of Abraham.
Chapter 3.— What Kings Reigned in Assyria and Sicyon When, According to the Promise, Isaac Was Born to Abraham in His Hundredth Year, and When the Twins Esau and Jacob Were Born of Rebecca to Isaac in His Sixtieth Year.
Chapter 4.— Of the Times of Jacob and His Son Joseph.
Chapter 5.— Of Apis King of Argos, Whom the Egyptians Called Serapis, and Worshipped with Divine Honors.
Chapter 6.— Who Were Kings of Argos, and of Assyria, When Jacob Died in Egypt.
Chapter 7.— Who Were Kings When Joseph Died in Egypt.
Chapter 8.— Who Were Kings When Moses Was Born, and What Gods Began to Be Worshipped Then.
Chapter 9.— When the City of Athens Was Founded, and What Reason Varro Assigns for Its Name.
Chapter 10.— What Varro Reports About the Term Areopagus, and About Deucalion's Flood.
Chapter 11.— When Moses Led the People Out of Egypt; And Who Were Kings When His Successor Joshua the Son of Nun Died.
Chapter 12.— Of the Rituals of False Gods Instituted by the Kings of Greece in the Period from Israel's Exodus from Egypt Down to the Death of Joshua the Son of Nun.
Chapter 13.— What Fables Were Invented at the Time When Judges Began to Rule the Hebrews.
Chapter 14.— Of the Theological Poets.
Chapter 15.— Of the Fall of the Kingdom of Argos, When Picus the Son of Saturn First Received His Father's Kingdom of Laurentum.
Chapter 16.— Of Diomede, Who After the Destruction of Troy Was Placed Among the Gods, While His Companions are Said to Have Been Changed into Birds.
Chapter 17.— What Varro Says of the Incredible Transformations of Men.
Chapter 18.— What We Should Believe Concerning the Transformations Which Seem to Happen to Men Through the Art of Demons.
Chapter 19.— That Æneas Came into Italy When Abdon the Judge Ruled Over the Hebrews.
Chapter 20.— Of the Succession of the Line of Kings Among the Israelites After the Times of the Judges.
Chapter 21.— Of the Kings of Latium, the First and Twelfth of Whom, Æneas and Aventinus, Were Made Gods.
Chapter 22.— That Rome Was Founded When the Assyrian Kingdom Perished, at Which Time Hezekiah Reigned in Judah.
Chapter 23.— Of the Erythræan Sibyl, Who is Known to Have Sung Many Things About Christ More Plainly Than the Other Sibyls.
Chapter 24.— That the Seven Sages Flourished in the Reign of Romulus, When the Ten Tribes Which Were Called Israel Were Led into Captivity by the Chaldeans, and Romulus, When Dead, Had Divine Honors Conferred on Him.
Chapter 25.— What Philosophers Were Famous When Tarquinius Priscus Reigned Over the Romans, and Zedekiah Over the Hebrews, When Jerusalem Was Taken and the Temple Overthrown.
Chapter 26.— That at the Time When the Captivity of the Jews Was Brought to an End, on the Completion of Seventy Years, the Romans Also Were Freed from Kingly Rule.
Chapter 27.— Of the Times of the Prophets Whose Oracles are Contained in Books and Who Sang Many Things About the Call of the Gentiles at the Time When the Roman Kingdom Began and the Assyrian Came to an End.
Chapter 28.— Of the Things Pertaining to the Gospel of Christ Which Hosea and Amos Prohesied.
Chapter 29.— What Things are Predicted by Isaiah Concerning Christ and the Church.
Chapter 30.— What Micah, Jonah, and Joel Prophesied in Accordance with the New Testament.
Chapter 31.— Of the Predictions Concerning the Salvation of the World in Christ, in Obadiah, Nahum, and Habakkuk.
Chapter 32.— Of the Prophecy that is Contained in the Prayer and Song of Habakkuk.
Chapter 33.— What Jeremiah and Zephaniah Have, by the Prophetic Spirit, Spoken Before Concerning Christ and the Calling of the Nations.
Chapter 34.— Of the Prophecy of Daniel and Ezekiel, Other Two of the Greater Prophets.
Chapter 35.— Of the Prophecy of the Three Prophets, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi.
Chapter 36.— About Esdras and the Books of the Maccabees.
Chapter 37.— That Prophetic Records are Found Which are More Ancient Than Any Fountain of the Gentile Philosophy.
Chapter 38.— That the Ecclesiastical Canon Has Not Admitted Certain Writings on Account of Their Too Great Antiquity, Lest Through Them False Things Should Be Inserted Instead of True.
Chapter 39.— About the Hebrew Written Characters Which that Language Always Possessed.
Chapter 40.— About the Most Mendacious Vanity of the Egyptians, in Which They Ascribe to Their Science an Antiquity of a Hundred Thousand Years.
Chapter 41.— About the Discord of Philosophic Opinion, and the Concord of the Scriptures that are Held as Canonical by the Church.
Chapter 42.— By What Dispensation of God's Providence the Sacred Scriptures of the Old Testament Were Translated Out of Hebrew into Greek, that They Might Be Made Known to All the Nations.
Chapter 43.— Of the Authority of the Septuagint Translation, Which, Saving the Honor of the Hebrew Original, is to Be Preferred to All Translations.
Chapter 44.— How the Threat of the Destruction of the Ninevites is to Be Understood Which in the Hebrew Extends to Forty Days, While in the Septuagint It is Contracted to Three.
Chapter 45.— That the Jews Ceased to Have Prophets After the Rebuilding of the Temple, and from that Time Until the Birth of Christ Were Afflicted with Continual Adversity, to Prove that the Building of Another Temple Had Been Promised by Prophetic Voices.
Chapter 46.— Of the Birth of Our Saviour, Whereby the Word Was Made Flesh; And of the Dispersion of the Jews Among All Nations, as Had Been Prophesied.
Chapter 47.— Whether Before Christian Times There Were Any Outside of the Israelite Race Who Belonged to the Fellowship of the Heavenly City.
Chapter 48.— That Haggai's Prophecy, in Which He Said that the Glory of the House of God Would Be Greater Than that of the First Had Been, Was Really Fulfilled, Not in the Rebuilding of the Temple, But in the Church of Christ.
Chapter 49.— Of the Indiscriminate Increase of the Church, Wherein Many Reprobate are in This World Mixed with the Elect.
Chapter 50.— Of the Preaching of the Gospel, Which is Made More Famous and Powerful by the Sufferings of Its Preachers.
Chapter 51.— That the Catholic Faith May Be Confirmed Even by the Dissensions of the Heretics.
Chapter 52.— Whether We Should Believe What Some Think, That, as the Ten Persecutions Which are Past Have Been Fulfilled, There Remains No Other Beyond the Eleventh, Which Must Happen in the Very Time of Antichrist.
Chapter 53.— Of the Hidden Time of the Final Persecution.
Chapter 54.— Of the Very Foolish Lie of the Pagans, in Feigning that the Christian Religion Was Not to Last Beyond Three Hundred and Sixty-Five Years.
Book 19
Chapter 1.— That Varro Has Made Out that Two Hundred and Eighty-Eight Different Sects of Philosophy Might Be Formed by the Various Opinions Regarding the Supreme Good.
Chapter 2.— How Varro, by Removing All the Differences Which Do Not Form Sects, But are Merely Secondary Questions, Reaches Three Definitions of the Chief Good, of Which We Must Choose One.
Chapter 3.— Which of the Three Leading Opinions Regarding the Chief Good Should Be Preferred, According to Varro, Who Follows Antiochus and the Old Academy.
Chapter 4.— What the Christians Believe Regarding the Supreme Good and Evil, in Opposition to the Philosophers, Who Have Maintained that the Supreme Good is in Themselves.
Chapter 5.— Of the Social Life, Which, Though Most Desirable, is Frequently Disturbed by Many Distresses.
Chapter 6.— Of the Error of Human Judgments When the Truth is Hidden.
Chapter 7.— Of the Diversity of Languages, by Which the Intercourse of Men is Prevented; And of the Misery of Wars, Even of Those Called Just.
Chapter 8.— That the Friendship of Good Men Cannot Be Securely Rested In, So Long as the Dangers of This Life Force Us to Be Anxious.
Chapter 9.— Of the Friendship of the Holy Angels, Which Men Cannot Be Sure of in This Life, Owing to the Deceit of the Demons Who Hold in Bondage the Worshippers of a Plurality of Gods.
Chapter 10.— The Reward Prepared for the Saints After They Have Endured the Trial of This Life.
Chapter 11.— Of the Happiness of the Eternal Peace, Which Constitutes the End or True Perfection of the Saints.
Chapter 12.— That Even the Fierceness of War and All the Disquietude of Men Make Towards This One End of Peace, Which Every Nature Desires.
Chapter 13.— Of the Universal Peace Which the Law of Nature Preserves Through All Disturbances, and by Which Every One Reaches His Desert in a Way Regulated by the Just Judge.
Chapter 14.— Of the Order and Law Which Obtain in Heaven and Earth, Whereby It Comes to Pass that Human Society Is Served by Those Who Rule It.
Chapter 15.— Of the Liberty Proper to Man's Nature, and the Servitude Introduced by Sin—A Servitude in Which the Man Whose Will is Wicked is the Slave of His Own Lust, Though He is Free So Far as Regards Other Men.
Chapter 16.— Of Equitable Rule.
Chapter 17.— What Produces Peace, and What Discord, Between the Heavenly and Earthly Cities.
Chapter 18.— How Different the Uncertainty of the New Academy is from the Certainty of the Christian Faith.
Chapter 19.— Of the Dress and Habits of the Christian People.
Chapter 20.— That the Saints are in This Life Blessed in Hope.
Chapter 21.— Whether There Ever Was a Roman Republic Answering to the Definitions of Scipio in Cicero's Dialogue.
Chapter 22.— Whether the God Whom the Christians Serve is the True God to Whom Alone Sacrifice Ought to Be Paid.
Chapter 23.— Porphyry's Account of the Responses Given by the Oracles of the gods Concerning Christ.
Chapter 24.— The Definition Which Must Be Given of a People and a Republic, in Order to Vindicate the Assumption of These Titles by the Romans and by Other Kingdoms.
Chapter 25.— That Where There is No True Religion There are No True Virtues.
Chapter 26.— Of the Peace Which is Enjoyed by the People that are Alienated from God, and the Use Made of It by the People of God in the Time of Its Pilgrimage.
Chapter 27.— That the Peace of Those Who Serve God Cannot in This Mortal Life Be Apprehended in Its Perfection.
Chapter 28.— The End of the Wicked.
Book 20
Chapter 1.— That Although God is Always Judging, It is Nevertheless Reasonable to Confine Our Attention in This Book to His Last Judgment.
Chapter 2.— That in the Mingled Web of Human Affairs God's Judgment is Present, Though It Cannot Be Discerned.
Chapter 3.— What Solomon, in the Book of Ecclesiastes, Says Regarding the Things Which Happen Alike to Good and Wicked Men.
Chapter 4.— That Proofs of the Last Judgment Will Be Adduced, First from the New Testament, and Then from the Old.
Chapter 5.— The Passages in Which the Saviour Declares that There Shall Be a Divine Judgment in the End of the World.
Chapter 6.— What is the First Resurrection, and What the Second.
Chapter 7.— What is Written in the Revelation of John Regarding the Two Resurrections, and the Thousand Years, and What May Reasonably Be Held on These Points.
Chapter 8.— Of the Binding and Loosing of the Devil.
Chapter 9.— What the Reign of the Saints with Christ for a Thousand Years Is, and How It Differs from the Eternal Kingdom.
Chapter 10.— What is to Be Replied to Those Who Think that Resurrection Pertains Only to Bodies and Not to Souls.
Chapter 11.— Of Gog and Magog, Who are to Be Roused by the Devil to Persecute the Church, When He is Loosed in the End of the World.
Chapter 12.— Whether the Fire that Came Down Out of Heaven and Devoured Them Refers to the Last Punishment of the Wicked.
Chapter 13.— Whether the Time of the Persecution or Antichrist Should Be Reckoned in the Thousand Years.
Chapter 14.— Of the Damnation of the Devil and His Adherents; And a Sketch of the Bodily Resurrection of All the Dead, and of the Final Retributive Judgment.
Chapter 15.— Who the Dead are Who are Given Up to Judgment by the Sea, and by Death and Hell.
Chapter 16.— Of the New Heaven and the New Earth.
Chapter 17.— Of the Endless Glory of the Church.
Chapter 18.— What the Apostle Peter Predicted Regarding the Last Judgment.
Chapter 19.— What the Apostle Paul Wrote to the Thessalonians About the Manifestation of Antichrist Which Shall Precede the Day of the Lord.
Chapter 20.— What the Same Apostle Taught in the First Epistle to the Thessalonians Regarding the Resurrection of the Dead.
Chapter 21.— Utterances of the Prophet Isaiah Regarding the Resurrection of the Dead and the Retributive Judgment.
Chapter 22.— What is Meant by the Good Going Out to See the Punishment of the Wicked.
Chapter 23.— What Daniel Predicted Regarding the Persecution of Antichrist, the Judgment of God, and the Kingdom of the Saints.
Chapter 24.— Passages from the Psalms of David Which Predict the End of the World and the Last Judgment.
Chapter 25.— Of Malachi's Prophecy, in Which He Speaks of the Last Judgment, and of a Cleansing Which Some are to Undergo by Purifying Punishments.
Chapter 26.— Of the Sacrifices Offered to God by the Saints, Which are to Be Pleasing to Him, as in the Primitive Days and Former Years.
Chapter 27.— Of the Separation of the Good and the Bad, Which Proclaim the Discriminating Influence of the Last Judgment.
Chapter 28.— That the Law of Moses Must Be Spiritually Understood to Preclude the Damnable Murmurs of a Carnal Interpretation.
Chapter 29.— Of the Coming of Elias Before the Judgment, that the Jews May Be Converted to Christ by His Preaching and Explanation of Scripture.
Chapter 30.— That in the Books of the Old Testament, Where It is Said that God Shall Judge the World, the Person of Christ is Not Explicitly Indicated, But It Plainly Appears from Some Passages in Which the Lord God Speaks that Christ is Meant.
Book 21
Chapter 1.— Of the Order of the Discussion, Which Requires that We First Speak of the Eternal Punishment of the Lost in Company with the Devil, and Then of the Eternal Happiness of the Saints.
Chapter 2.— Whether It is Possible for Bodies to Last for Ever in Burning Fire.
Chapter 3.— Whether Bodily Suffering Necessarily Terminates in the Destruction of the Flesh.
Chapter 4.— Examples from Nature Proving that Bodies May Remain Unconsumed and Alive in Fire.
Chapter 5.— That There are Many Things Which Reason Cannot Account For, and Which are Nevertheless True.
Chapter 6.— That All Marvels are Not of Nature's Production, But that Some are Due to Human Ingenuity and Others to Diabolic Contrivance.
Chapter 7.— That the Ultimate Reason for Believing Miracles is the Omnipotence of the Creator.
Chapter 8.— That It is Not Contrary to Nature That, in an Object Whose Nature is Known, There Should Be Discovered an Alteration of the Properties Which Have Been Known as Its Natural Properties.
Chapter 9.— Of Hell, and the Nature of Eternal Punishments.
Chapter 10.— Whether the Fire of Hell, If It Be Material Fire, Can Burn the Wicked Spirits, that is to Say, Devils, Who are Immaterial.
Chapter 11.— Whether It is Just that the Punishments of Sins Last Longer Than the Sins Themselves Lasted.
Chapter 12.— Of the Greatness of the First Transgression, on Account of Which Eternal Punishment is Due to All Who are Not Within the Pale of the Saviour's Grace.
Chapter 13.— Against the Opinion of Those Who Think that the Punishments of the Wicked After Death are Purgatorial.
Chapter 14.— Of the Temporary Punishments of This Life to Which the Human Condition is Subject.
Chapter 15.— That Everything Which the Grace of God Does in the Way of Rescuing Us from the Inveterate Evils in Which We are Sunk, Pertains to the Future World, in Which All Things are Made New.
Chapter 16.— The Laws of Grace, Which Extend to All the Epochs of the Life of the Regenerate.
Chapter 17.— Of Those Who Fancy that No Men Shall Be Punished Eternally.
Chapter 18.— Of Those Who Fancy That, on Account of the Saints' Intercession, Man Shall Be Damned in the Last Judgment.
Chapter 19.— Of Those Who Promise Impunity from All Sins Even to Heretics, Through Virtue of Their Participation of the Body of Christ.
Chapter 20.— Of Those Who Promise This Indulgence Not to All, But Only to Those Who Have Been Baptized as Catholics, Though Afterwards They Have Broken Out into Many Crimes and Heresies.
Chapter 21.— Of Those Who Assert that All Catholics Who Continue in the Faith Even Though by the Depravity of Their Lives They Have Merited Hell Fire, Shall Be Saved on Account of the Foundation Of Their Faith.
Chapter 22.— Of Those Who Fancy that the Sins Which are Intermingled with Alms-Deeds Shall Not Be Charged at the Day of Judgment.
Chapter 23.— Against Those Who are of Opinion that the Punishment Neither of the Devil Nor of Wicked Men Shall Be Eternal.
Chapter 24.— Against Those Who Fancy that in the Judgment of God All the Accused Will Be Spared in Virtue of the Prayers of the Saints.
Chapter 25.— Whether Those Who Received Heretical Baptism, and Have Afterwards Fallen Away to Wickedness of Life; Or Those Who Have Received Catholic Baptism, But Have Afterwards Passed Over to Heresy and Schism; Or Those Who Have Remained in the Catholic Church in Which They Were Baptized, But Have Continued to Live Immorally—May Hope Through the Virtue of the Sacraments for the Remission of Eternal Punishment.
Chapter 26.— What It is to Have Christ for a Foundation, and Who They are to Whom Salvation as by Fire is Promised.
Chapter 27.— Against the Belief of Those Who Think that the Sins Which Have Been Accompanied with Almsgiving Will Do Them No Harm.
Book 22
Chapter 1.— Of the Creation of Angels and Men.
Chapter 2.— Of the Eternal and Unchangeable Will of God.
Chapter 3.— Of the Promise of Eternal Blessedness to the Saints, and Everlasting Punishment to the Wicked.
Chapter 4.— Against the Wise Men of the World, Who Fancy that the Earthly Bodies of Men Cannot Be Transferred to a Heavenly Habitation.
Chapter 5.— Of the Resurrection of the Flesh, Which Some Refuse to Believe, Though the World at Large Believes It.
Chapter 6.— That Rome Made Its Founder Romulus a God Because It Loved Him; But the Church Loved Christ Because It Believed Him to Be God.
Chapter 7.— That the World's Belief in Christ is the Result of Divine Power, Not of Human Persuasion.
Chapter 8.— Of Miracles Which Were Wrought that the World Might Believe in Christ, and Which Have Not Ceased Since the World Believed.
Chapter 9.— That All the Miracles Which are Done by Means of the Martyrs in the Name of Christ Testify to that Faith Which the Martyrs Had in Christ.
Chapter 10.— That the Martyrs Who Obtain Many Miracles in Order that the True God May Be Worshipped, are Worthy of Much Greater Honor Than the Demons, Who Do Some Marvels that They Themselves May Be Supposed to Be God.
Chapter 11.— Against the Platonists, Who Argue from the Physical Weight of the Elements that an Earthly Body Cannot Inhabit Heaven.
Chapter 12.— Against the Calumnies with Which Unbelievers Throw Ridicule Upon the Christian Faith in the Resurrection of the Flesh.
Chapter 13.— Whether Abortions, If They are Numbered Among the Dead, Shall Not Also Have a Part in the Resurrection.
Chapter 14.— Whether Infants Shall Rise in that Body Which They Would Have Had Had They Grown Up.
Chapter 15.— Whether the Bodies of All the Dead Shall Rise the Same Size as the Lord's Body.
Chapter 16.— What is Meant by the Conforming of the Saints to the Image of The Son of God.
Chapter 17.— Whether the Bodies of Women Shall Retain Their Own Sex in the Resurrection.
Chapter 18.— Of the Perfect Man, that Is, Christ; And of His Body, that Is, The Church, Which is His Fullness.
Chapter 19.— That All Bodily Blemishes Which Mar Human Beauty in This Life Shall Be Removed in the Resurrection, the Natural Substance of the Body Remaining, But the Quality and Quantity of It Being Altered So as to Produce Beauty.
Chapter 20.— That, in the Resurrection, the Substance of Our Bodies, However Disintegrated, Shall Be Entirely Reunited.
Chapter 21.— Of the New Spiritual Body into Which the Flesh of the Saints Shall Be Transformed.
Chapter 22.— Of the Miseries and Ills to Which the Human Race is Justly Exposed Through the First Sin, and from Which None Can Be Delivered Save by Christ's Grace.
Chapter 23.— Of the Miseries of This Life Which Attach Peculiarly to the Toil of Good Men, Irrespective of Those Which are Common to the Good and Bad.
Chapter 24.— Of the Blessings with Which the Creator Has Filled This Life, Obnoxious Though It Be to the Curse.
Chapter 25.— Of the Obstinacy of Those Individuals Who Impugn the Resurrection of the Body, Though, as Was Predicted, the Whole World Believes It.
Chapter 26.— That the Opinion of Porphyry, that the Soul, in Order to Be Blessed, Must Be Separated from Every Kind of Body, is Demolished by Plato, Who Says that the Supreme God Promised the Gods that They Should Never Be Ousted from Their Bodies.
Chapter 27.— Of the Apparently Conflicting Opinions of Plato and Porphyry, Which Would Have Conducted Them Both to the Truth If They Could Have Yielded to One Another.
Chapter 28.— What Plato or Labeo, or Even Varro, Might Have Contributed to the True Faith of the Resurrection, If They Had Adopted One Another's Opinions into One Scheme.
Chapter 29.— Of the Beatific Vision.
Chapter 30.— Of the Eternal Felicity of the City of God, and of the Perpetual Sabbath.
On Christian Doctrine
Preface
Book I
Chapter 1.— The Interpretation of Scripture Depends on the Discovery and Enunciation of the Meaning, and is to Be Undertaken in Dependence on God's Aid.
Chapter 2.— What a Thing Is, and What A Sign.
Chapter 3.— Some Things are for Use, Some for Enjoyment.
Chapter 4.— Difference of Use and Enjoyment.
Chapter 5.— The Trinity the True Object of Enjoyment.
Chapter 6.— In What Sense God is Ineffable.
Chapter 7.— What All Men Understand by the Term God.
Chapter 8.— God to Be Esteemed Above All Else, Because He is Unchangeable Wisdom.
Chapter 9.— All Acknowledge the Superiority of Unchangeable Wisdom to that Which is Variable.
Chapter 10.— To See God, the Soul Must Be Purified.
Chapter 11.— Wisdom Becoming Incarnate, a Pattern to Us of Purification.
Chapter 12.— In What Sense the Wisdom of God Came to Us.
Chapter 13.— The Word Was Made Flesh.
Chapter 14.— How the Wisdom of God Healed Man.
Chapter 15.— Faith is Buttressed by the Resurrection and Ascension of Christ, and is Stimulated by His Coming to Judgment.
Chapter 16.— Christ Purges His Church by Medicinal Afflictions.
Chapter 17.— Christ, by Forgiving Our Sins, Opened the Way to Our Home.
Chapter 18.— The Keys Given to the Church.
Chapter 19.— Bodily and Spiritual Death and Resurrection.
Chapter 20.— The Resurrection to Damnation.
Chapter 21.— Neither Body Nor Soul Extinguished at Death.
Chapter 22.— God Alone to Be Enjoyed.
Chapter 23.— Man Needs No Injunction to Love Himself and His Own Body.
Chapter 24.— No Man Hates His Own Flesh, Not Even Those Who Abuse It.
Chapter 25.— A Man May Love Something More Than His Body, But Does Not Therefore Hate His Body.
Chapter 26.— The Command to Love God and Our Neighbor Includes a Command to Love Ourselves.
Chapter 27.— The Order of Love.
Chapter 28.— How We are to Decide Whom to Aid.
Chapter 29.— We are to Desire and Endeavor that All Men May Love God.
Chapter 30.— Whether Angels are to Be Reckoned Our Neighbors.
Chapter 31.— God Uses Rather Than Enjoys Us.
Chapter 32.— In What Way God Uses Man.
Chapter 33.— In What Way Man Should Be Enjoyed.
Chapter 34.— Christ the First Way to God.
Chapter 35.— The Fulfillment and End of Scripture is the Love of God and Our Neighbor.
Chapter 36.— That Interpretation of Scripture Which Builds Us Up in Love is Not Perniciously Deceptive Nor Mendacious, Even Though It Be Faulty. The Interpreter, However, Should Be Corrected.
Chapter 37.— Dangers of Mistaken Interpretation.
Chapter 38.— Love Never Fails.
Chapter 39.— He Who is Mature in Faith, Hope and Love, Needs Scripture No Longer.
Chapter 40.— What Manner of Reader Scripture Demands.
Book II
Chapter 1.— Signs, Their Nature and Variety.
Chapter 2.— Of the Kind of Signs We are Now Concerned with.
Chapter 3.— Among Signs, Words Hold the Chief Place.
Chapter 4.— Origin of Writing.
Chapter 5.— Scripture Translated into Various Languages.
Chapter 6.— Use of the Obscurities in Scripture Which Arise from Its Figurative Language.
Chapter 7.— Steps to Wisdom: First, Fear; Second, Piety; Third, Knowledge; Fourth, Resolution; Fifth, Counsel; Sixth, Purification of Heart; Seventh, Stop or Termination, Wisdom.
Chapter 8.— The Canonical Books.
Chapter 9.— How We Should Proceed in Studying Scripture.
Chapter 10.— Unknown or Ambiguous Signs Prevent Scripture from Being Understood.
Chapter 11.— Knowledge of Languages, Especially of Greek and Hebrew, Necessary to Remove Ignorance or Signs.
Chapter 12.— A Diversity of Interpretations is Useful. Errors Arising from Ambiguous Words.
Chapter 13.— How Faulty Interpretations Can Be Emended.
Chapter 14.— How the Meaning of Unknown Words and Idioms is to Be Discovered.
Chapter 15.— Among Versions a Preference is Given to the Septuagint and the Itala.
Chapter 16.— The Knowledge Both of Language and Things is Helpful for the Understanding of Figurative Expressions.
Chapter 17.— Origin of the Legend of the Nine Muses.
Chapter 18.— No Help is to Be Despised, Even Though It Come from a Profane Source.
Chapter 19.— Two Kinds Of Heathen Knowledge.
Chapter 20.— The Superstitious Nature of Human Institutions.
Chapter 21.— Superstition of Astrologers.
Chapter 22 .— The Folly of Observing the Stars in Order to Predict the Events of a Life.
Chapter 23.— Why We Repudiate Arts of Divination.
Chapter 24.— The Intercourse and Agreement with Demons Which Superstitious Observances Maintain.
Chapter 25.— In Human Institutions Which are Not Superstitious, There are Some Things Superfluous and Some Convenient and Necessary.
Chapter 26.— What Human Contrivances We are to Adopt, and What We are to Avoid.
Chapter 27.— Some Departments of Knowledge, Not of Mere Human Invention, Aid Us in Interpreting Scripture.
Chapter 28.— To What Extent History is an Aid.
Chapter 29.— To What Extent Natural Science is an Exegetical Aid.
Chapter 30.— What the Mechanical Arts Contribute to Exegetics.
Chapter 31.— Use of Dialectics. Of Fallacies.
Chapter 32.— Valid Logical Sequence is Not Devised But Only Observed by Man.
Chapter 33.— False Inferences May Be Drawn from Valid Reasonings, and Vice Versa.
Chapter 34.— It is One Thing to Know the Laws of Inference, Another to Know the Truth of Opinions.
Chapter 35 .— The Science of Definition is Not False, Though It May Be Applied to Falsities.
Chapter 36.— The Rules of Eloquence are True, Though Sometimes Used to Persuade Men of What is False.
Chapter 37.— Use of Rhetoric and Dialectic.
Chapter 38.— The Science of Numbers Not Created, But Only Discovered, by Man.
Chapter 39.— To Which of the Above-Mentioned Studies Attention Should Be Given, and in What Spirit.
Chapter 40.— Whatever Has Been Rightly Said by the Heathen, We Must Appropriate to Our Uses.
Chapter 41.— What Kind of Spirit is Required for the Study of Holy Scripture.
Chapter 42.— Sacred Scripture Compared with Profane Authors.
Book III
Chapter 1. Summary of the Foregoing Books, and Scope of that Which Follows.
Chapter 2.— Rule for Removing Ambiguity by Attending to Punctuation.
Chapter 3.— How Pronunciation Serves to Remove Ambiguity. Different Kinds of Interrogation.
Chapter 4.— How Ambiguities May Be Solved.
Chapter 5.— It is a Wretched Slavery Which Takes the Figurative Expressions of Scripture in a Literal Sense.
Chapter 6.— Utility of the Bondage of the Jews.
Chapter 7.— The Useless Bondage of the Gentiles.
Chapter 8.— The Jews Liberated from Their Bondage in One Way, the Gentiles in Another.
Chapter 9.— Who is in Bondage to Signs, and Who Not.
Chapter 10.— How We are to Discern Whether a Phrase is Figurative.
Chapter 11.— Rule for Interpreting Phrases Which Seem to Ascribe Severity to God and the Saints.
Chapter 12.— Rule for Interpreting Those Sayings and Actions Which are Ascribed to God and the Saints, and Which Yet Seem to the Unskillful to Be Wicked.
Chapter 13.— Same Subject, Continued.
Chapter 14.— Error of Those Who Think that There is No Absolute Right and Wrong.
Chapter 15.— Rule for Interpreting Figurative Expressions.
Chapter 16.— Rule for Interpreting Commands and Prohibitions.
Chapter 17.— Some Commands are Given to All in Common, Others to Particular Classes.
Chapter 18.— We Must Take into Consideration the Time at Which Anything Was Enjoyed or Allowed.
Chapter 19.— Wicked Men Judge Others by Themselves.
Chapter 20.— Consistency of Good Men in All Outward Circumstances.
Chapter 21.— David Not Lustful, Though He Fell into Adultery.
Chapter 22.— Rule Regarding Passages of Scripture in Which Approval is Expressed of Actions Which are Now Condemned by Good Men.
Chapter 23.— Rule Regarding the Narrative of Sins of Great Men.
Chapter 24.— The Character of the Expressions Used is Above All to Have Weight.
Chapter 25.— The Same Word Does Not Always Signify the Same Thing.
Chapter 26.— Obscure Passages are to Be Interpreted by Those Which are Clearer.
Chapter 27.— One Passage Susceptible of Various Interpretations.
Chapter 28.— It is Safer to Explain a Doubtful Passage by Other Passages of Scripture Than by Reason.
Chapter 29.— The Knowledge of Tropes is Necessary.
Chapter 30.— The Rules of Tichonius the Donatist Examined.
Chapter 31.— The First Rule of Tichonius.
Chapter 32.— The Second Rule of Tichonius.
Chapter 33.— The Third Rule of Tichonius.
Chapter 34.— The Fourth Rule of Tichonius.
Chapter 35.— The Fifth Rule of Tichonius.
Chapter 36.— The Sixth Rule of Tichonius.
Chapter 37.— The Seventh Rule of Tichonius.
Book IV
Chapter 1.— This Work Not Intended as a Treatise on Rhetoric.
Chapter 2.— It is Lawful for a Christian Teacher to Use the Art of Rhetoric.
Chapter 3.— The Proper Age and the Proper Means for Acquiring Rhetorical Skill.
Chapter 4.— The Duty of the Christian Teacher.
Chapter 5.— Wisdom of More Importance Than Eloquence to the Christian Teacher.
Chapter 6.— The Sacred Writers Unite Eloquence with Wisdom.
Chapter 7.— Examples of True Eloquence Drawn from the Epistles of Paul and the Prophecies of Amos.
Chapter 8.— The Obscurity of the Sacred Writers, Though Compatible with Eloquence, Not to Be Imitated by Christian Teachers.
Chapter 9.— How, and with Whom, Difficult Passages are to Be Discussed.
Chapter 10.— The Necessity for Perspicuity of Style.
Chapter 11.— The Christian Teacher Must Speak Clearly, But Not Inelegantly.
Chapter 12.— The Aim of the Orator, According to Cicero, is to Teach, to Delight, and to Move. Of These, Teaching is the Most Essential.
Chapter 13.— The Hearer Must Be Moved as Well as Instructed.
Chapter 14.— Beauty of Diction to Be in Keeping with the Matter.
Chapter 15.— The Christian Teacher Should Pray Before Preaching.
Chapter 16.— Human Directions Not to Be Despised, Though God Makes the True Teacher.
Chapter 17.— Threefold Division of The Various Styles of Speech.
Chapter 18.— The Christian Orator is Constantly Dealing with Great Matters.
Chapter 19.— The Christian Teacher Must Use Different Styles on Different Occasions.
Chapter 20.— Examples of the Various Styles Drawn from Scripture.
Chapter 21.— Examples of the Various Styles, Drawn from the Teachers of the Church, Especially Ambrose and Cyprian.
Chapter 22.— The Necessity of Variety in Style.
Chapter 23.— How the Various Styles Should Be Mingled.
Chapter 24.— The Effects Produced by the Majestic Style.
Chapter 25.— How the Temperate Style is to Be Used.
Chapter 26.— In Every Style the Orator Should Aim at Perspicuity, Beauty, and Persuasiveness.
Chapter 27.— The Man Whose Life is in Harmony with His Teaching Will Teach with Greater Effect.
Chapter 28.— Truth is More Important Than Expression. What is Meant by Strife About Words.
Chapter 29.— It is Permissible for a Preacher to Deliver to the People What Has Been Written by a More Eloquent Man Than Himself.
Chapter 30.— The Preacher Should Commence His Discourse with Prayer to God.
Chapter 31.— Apology for the Length of the Work.
On the Trinity
Book 1
Introduction
Chapter 1.— This Work is Written Against Those Who Sophistically Assail the Faith of the Trinity, Through Misuse of Reason. They Who Dispute Concerning God Err from a Threefold Cause. Holy Scripture, Removing What is False, Leads Us on by Degrees to Things Divine. What True Immortality is. We are Nourished by Faith, that We May Be Enabled to Apprehend Things Divine.
Chapter 2.— In What Manner This Work Proposes to Discourse Concerning the Trinity.
Chapter 3.— What Augustine Requests from His Readers. The Errors of Readers Dull of Comprehension Not to Be Ascribed to the Author.
Chapter 4.— What the Doctrine of the Catholic Faith is Concerning the Trinity.
Chapter 5.— Of Difficulties Concerning the Trinity: in What Manner Three are One God, and How, Working Indivisibly, They Yet Perform Some Things Severally.
Chapter 6.— That the Son is Very God, of the Same Substance with the Father. Not Only the Father, But the Trinity, is Affirmed to Be Immortal. All Things are Not from the Father Alone, But Also from the Son. That the Holy Spirit is Very God, Equal with the Father and the Son.
Chapter 7.— In What Manner the Son is Less Than the Father, and Than Himself.
Chapter 8.— The Texts of Scripture Explained Respecting the Subjection of the Son to the Father, Which Have Been Misunderstood. Christ Will Not So Give Up the Kingdom to the Father, as to Take It Away from Himself. The Beholding Him is the Promised End of All Actions. The Holy Spirit is Sufficient to Our Blessedness Equally with the Father.
Chapter 9.— All are Sometimes Understood in One Person.
Chapter 10.— In What Manner Christ Shall Deliver Up the Kingdom to God, Even the Father. The Kingdom Having Been Delivered to God, Even the Father, Christ Will Not Then Make Intercession for Us.
Chapter 11.— By What Rule in the Scriptures It is Understood that the Son is Now Equal and Now Less.
Chapter 12.— In What Manner the Son is Said Not to Know the Day and the Hour Which the Father Knows. Some Things Said of Christ According to the Form of God, Other Things According to the Form of a Servant. In What Way It is of Christ to Give the Kingdom, in What Not of Christ. Christ Will Both Judge and Not Judge.
Chapter 13.— Diverse Things are Spoken Concerning the Same Christ, on Account of the Diverse Natures of the One Hypostasis [Theanthropic Person]. Why It is Said that the Father Will Not Judge, But Has Given Judgment to the Son.
Book 2
Preface
Chapter 1.— There is a Double Rule for Understanding the Scriptural Modes of Speech Concerning the Son of God. These Modes of Speech are of a Threefold Kind.
Chapter 2.— That Some Ways of Speaking Concerning the Son are to Be Understood According to Either Rule.
Chapter 3.— Some Things Concerning the Holy Spirit are to Be Understood According to the One Rule Only.
Chapter 4.— The Glorification of the Son by the Father Does Not Prove Inequality.
Chapter 5.— The Son and Holy Spirit are Not Therefore Less Because Sent. The Son is Sent Also by Himself. Of the Sending of the Holy Spirit.
Chapter 6.— The Creature is Not So Taken by the Holy Spirit as Flesh is by the Word.
Chapter 7.— A Doubt Raised About Divine Appearances.
Chapter 8.— The Entire Trinity Invisible.
Chapter 9.— Against Those Who Believed the Father Only to Be Immortal and Invisible. The Truth to Be Sought by Peaceful Study.
Chapter 10— Whether God the Trinity Indiscriminately Appeared to the Fathers, or Any One Person of the Trinity. The Appearing of God to Adam. Of the Same Appearance. The Vision to Abraham.
Chapter 11.— Of the Same Appearance.
Chapter 12.— The Appearance to Lot is Examined.
Chapter 13.— The Appearance in the Bush.
Chapter 14.— Of the Appearance in the Pillar of Cloud and of Fire.
Chapter 15.— Of the Appearance on Sinai. Whether the Trinity Spoke in that Appearance or Some One Person Specially.
Chapter 16.— In What Manner Moses Saw God.
Chapter 17.— How the Back Parts of God Were Seen. The Faith of the Resurrection of Christ. The Catholic Church Only is the Place from Whence the Back Parts of God are Seen. The Back Parts of God Were Seen by the Israelites. It is a Rash Opinion to Think that God the Father Only Was Never Seen by the Fathers.
Chapter 18.— The Vision of Daniel.
Book 3
Preface.— Why Augustine Writes of the Trinity. What He Claims from Readers. What Has Been Said in the Previous Book.
Chapter 1.— What is to Be Said Thereupon.
Chapter 2.— The Will of God is the Higher Cause of All Corporeal Change. This is Shown by an Example.
Chapter 3.— Of the Same Argument.
Chapter 4.— God Uses All Creatures as He Will, and Makes Visible Things for the Manifestation of Himself.
Chapter 5.— Why Miracles are Not Usual Works.
Chapter 6.— Diversity Alone Makes a Miracle.
Chapter 7.— Great Miracles Wrought by Magic Arts.
Chapter 8.— God Alone Creates Those Things Which are Changed by Magic Art.
Chapter 9.— The Original Cause of All Things is from God.
Chapter 10.— In How Many Ways the Creature is to Be Taken by Way of Sign. The Eucharist.
Chapter 11.— The Essence of God Never Appeared in Itself. Divine Appearances to the Fathers Wrought by the Ministry of Angels. An Objection Drawn from the Mode of Speech Removed. That the Appearing of God to Abraham Himself, Just as that to Moses, Was Wrought by Angels. The Same Thing is Proved by the Law Being Given to Moses by Angels. What Has Been Said in This Book, and What Remains to Be Said in the Next.
Book 4
Preface.— The Knowledge of God is to Be Sought from God.
Chapter 1.— We are Made Perfect by Acknowledgement of Our Own Weakness. The Incarnate Word Dispels Our Darkness.
Chapter 2.— How We are Rendered Apt for the Perception of Truth Through the Incarnate Word.
Chapter 3.— The One Death and Resurrection of The Body of Christ Harmonizes with Our Double Death and Resurrection of Body and Soul, to the Effect of Salvation. In What Way the Single Death of Christ is Bestowed Upon Our Double Death.
Chapter 4.— The Ratio of the Single to the Double Comes from the Perfection of the Senary Number. The Perfection of The Senary Number is Commended in the Scriptures. The Year Abounds in The Senary Number.
Chapter 5.— The Number Six is Also Commended in the Building Up of the Body of Christ and of the Temple at Jerusalem.
Chapter 6.— The Three Days of the Resurrection, in Which Also the Ratio of Single to Double is Apparent.
Chapter 7.— In What Manner We are Gathered from Many into One Through One Mediator.
Chapter 8.— In What Manner Christ Wills that All Shall Be One in Himself.
Chapter 9.— The Same Argument Continued.
Chapter 10.— As Christ is the Mediator of Life, So the Devil is the Mediator of Death.
Chapter 11.— Miracles Which are Done by Demons are to Be Spurned.
Chapter 12.— The Devil the Mediator of Death, Christ of Life.
Chapter 13.— The Death of Christ Voluntary. How the Mediator of Life Subdued the Mediator of Death. How the Devil Leads His Own to Despise the Death of Christ.
Chapter 14.— Christ the Most Perfect Victim for Cleansing Our Faults. In Every Sacrifice Four Things are to Be Considered.
Chapter 15.— They are Proud Who Think They are Able, by Their Own Righteousness, to Be Cleansed So as to See God.
Chapter 16.— The Old Philosophers are Not to Be Consulted Concerning the Resurrection and Concerning Things to Come.
Chapter 17.— In How Many Ways Things Future are Foreknown. Neither Philosophers, Nor Those Who Were Distinguished Among the Ancients, are to Be Consulted Concerning the Resurrection of the Dead.
Chapter 18.— The Son of God Became Incarnate in Order that We Being Cleansed by Faith May Be Raised to the Unchangeable Truth.
Chapter 19.— In What Manner the Son Was Sent and Proclaimed Beforehand. How in the Sending of His Birth in the Flesh He Was Made Less Without Detriment to His Equality with the Father.
Chapter 20.— The Sender and the Sent Equal. Why the Son is Said to Be Sent by the Father. Of the Mission of the Holy Spirit. How and by Whom He Was Sent. The Father the Beginning of the Whole Godhead.
Chapter 21.— Of the Sensible Showing of the Holy Spirit, and of the Coeternity of the Trinity. What Has Been Said, and What Remains to Be Said.
Book 5
Chapter 1.— What the Author Entreats from God, What from the Reader. In God Nothing is to Be Thought Corporeal or Changeable.
Chapter 2.— God the Only Unchangeable Essence.
Chapter 3.— The Argument of the Arians is Refuted, Which is Drawn from the Words Begotten and Unbegotten.
Chapter 4.— The Accidental Always Implies Some Change in the Thing.
Chapter 5.— Nothing is Spoken of God According to Accident, But According to Substance or According to Relation.
Chapter 6.— Reply is Made to the Cavils of the Heretics in Respect to the Same Words Begotten and Unbegotten.
Chapter 7.— The Addition of a Negative Does Not Change the Predicament.
Chapter 8.— Whatever is Spoken of God According to Substance, is Spoken of Each Person Severally, and Together of the Trinity Itself. One Essence in God, and Three, in Greek, Hypostases, in Latin, Persons.
Chapter 9.— The Three Persons Not Properly So Called [in a Human Sense].
Chapter 10.— Those Things Which Belong Absolutely to God as an Essence, are Spoken of the Trinity in the Singular, Not in the Plural.
Chapter 11.— What is Said Relatively in the Trinity.
Chapter 12.— In Relative Things that are Reciprocal, Names are Sometimes Wanting.
Chapter 13.— How the Word Beginning (Principium) is Spoken Relatively in the Trinity.
Chapter 14.— The Father and the Son the Only Beginning (Principium) of the Holy Spirit.
Chapter 15.— Whether the Holy Spirit Was a Gift Before as Well as After He Was Given.
Chapter 16.— What is Said of God in Time, is Said Relatively, Not Accidentally.
Book 6
Chapter 1.— The Son, According to the Apostle, is the Power and Wisdom of the Father. Hence the Reasoning of the Catholics Against the Earlier Arians. A Difficulty is Raised, Whether the Father is Not Wisdom Himself, But Only the Father of Wisdom.
Chapter 2 .— What is Said of the Father and Son Together, and What Not.
Chapter 3.— That the Unity of the Essence of the Father and the Son is to Be Gathered from the Words, We are One. The Son is Equal to the Father Both in Wisdom and in All Other Things.
Chapter 4.— The Same Argument Continued.
Chapter 5.— The Holy Spirit Also is Equal to the Father and the Son in All Things.
Chapter 6.— How God is a Substance Both Simple and Manifold.
Chapter 7.— God is a Trinity, But Not Triple (Triplex).
Chapter 8.— No Addition Can Be Made to the Nature of God.
Chapter 9.— Whether One or the Three Persons Together are Called the Only God.
Chapter 10.— Of the Attributes Assigned by Hilary to Each Person. The Trinity is Represented in Things that are Made.
Book 7
Chapter 1.— Augustine Returns to the Question, Whether Each Person of the Trinity by Itself is Wisdom. With What Difficulty, or in What Way, the Proposed Question is to Be Solved.
Chapter 2.— The Father and the Son are Together One Wisdom, as One Essence, Although Not Together One Word.
Chapter 3.— Why the Son Chiefly is Intimated in the Scriptures by the Name of Wisdom, While Both the Father and the Holy Spirit are Wisdom. That the Holy Spirit, Together with the Father and the Son, is One Wisdom.
Chapter 4.— How It Was Brought About that the Greeks Speak of Three Hypostases, the Latins of Three Persons. Scripture Nowhere Speaks of Three Persons in One God.
Chapter 5.— In God, Substance is Spoken Improperly, Essence Properly.
Chapter 6.— Why We Do Not in the Trinity Speak of One Person, and Three Essences. What He Ought to Believe Concerning the Trinity Who Does Not Receive What is Said Above. Man is Both After the Image, and is the Image of God.
Book 8
Preface.— The Conclusion of What Has Been Said Above. The Rule to Be Observed in the More Difficult Questions of the Faith.
Chapter 1.— It is Shown by Reason that in God Three are Not Anything Greater Than One Person.
Chapter 2.— Every Corporeal Conception Must Be Rejected, in Order that It May Be Understood How God is Truth.
Chapter 3.— How God May Be Known to Be the Chief Good. The Mind Does Not Become Good Unless by Turning to God.
Chapter 4.— God Must First Be Known by an Unerring Faith, that He May Be Loved.
Chapter 5.— How the Trinity May Be Loved Though Unknown.
Chapter 6.— How the Man Not Yet Righteous Can Know the Righteous Man Whom He Loves.
Chapter 7.— Of True Love, by Which We Arrive at the Knowledge of the Trinity. God is to Be Sought, Not Outwardly, by Seeking to Do Wonderful Things with the Angels, But Inwardly, by Imitating the Piety of Good Angels.
Chapter 8.— That He Who Loves His Brother, Loves God; Because He Loves Love Itself, Which is of God, and is God.
Chapter 9.— Our Love of the Righteous is Kindled from Love Itself of the Unchangeable Form of Righteousness.
Chapter 10.— There are Three Things in Love, as It Were a Trace of the Trinity.
Book 9
Chapter 1.— In What Way We Must Inquire Concerning the Trinity.
Chapter 2.— The Three Things Which are Found in Love Must Be Considered.
Chapter 3.— The Image of the Trinity in the Mind of Man Who Knows Himself and Loves Himself. The Mind Knows Itself Through Itself.
Chapter 4.— The Three are One, and Also Equal, Viz The Mind Itself, and the Love, and the Knowledge of It. That the Same Three Exist Substantially, and are Predicated Relatively. That the Same Three are Inseparable. That the Same Three are Not Joined and Commingled Like Parts, But that They are of One Essence, and are Relatives.
Chapter 5.— That These Three are Several in Themselves, and Mutually All in All.
Chapter 6.— There is One Knowledge of the Thing in the Thing Itself, and Another in Eternal Truth Itself. That Corporeal Things, Too, are to Be Judged the Rules of Eternal Truth.
Chapter 7.— We Conceive and Beget the Word Within, from the Things We Have Beheld in the Eternal Truth. The Word, Whether of the Creature or of the Creator, is Conceived by Love.
Chapter 8.— In What Desire and Love Differ.
Chapter 9.— In the Love of Spiritual Things the Word Born is the Same as the Word Conceived. It is Otherwise in the Love of Carnal Things.
Chapter 10.— Whether Only Knowledge that is Loved is the Word of the Mind.
Chapter 11.— That the Image or Begotten Word of the Mind that Knows Itself is Equal to the Mind Itself.
Chapter 12.— Why Love is Not the Offspring of the Mind, as Knowledge is So. The Solution of the Question. The Mind with the Knowledge of Itself and the Love of Itself is the Image of the Trinity.
Book 10
Chapter 1.— The Love of the Studious Mind, that Is, of One Desirous to Know, is Not the Love of a Thing Which It Does Not Know.
Chapter 2.— No One at All Loves Things Unknown.
Chapter 3.— That When the Mind Loves Itself, It is Not Unknown to Itself.
Chapter 4.— How the Mind Knows Itself, Not in Part, But as a Whole.
Chapter 5.— Why the Soul is Enjoined to Know Itself. Whence Come the Errors of the Mind Concerning Its Own Substance.
Chapter 6.— The Opinion Which the Mind Has of Itself is Deceitful.
Chapter 7.— The Opinions of Philosophers Respecting the Substance of the Soul. The Error of Those Who are of Opinion that the Soul is Corporeal, Does Not Arise from Defective Knowledge of the Soul, But from Their Adding There to Something Foreign to It. What is Meant by Finding.
Chapter 8.— How the Soul Inquires into Itself. Whence Comes the Error of the Soul Concerning Itself.
Chapter 9.— The Mind Knows Itself, by the Very Act of Understanding the Precept to Know Itself.
Chapter 10.— Every Mind Knows Certainly Three Things Concerning Itself— That It Understands, that It Is, and that It Lives.
Chapter 11.— In Memory, Understanding [or Intelligence], and Will, We Have to Note Ability, Learning, and Use. Memory, Understanding, and Will are One Essentially, and Three Relatively.
Chapter 12.— The Mind is an Image of the Trinity in Its Own Memory, and Understanding, and Will.
Book 11
Chapter 1.— A Trace of the Trinity Also In the Outer Man.
Chapter 2.— A Certain Trinity in the Sight. That There are Three Things in Sight, Which Differ in Their Own Nature. In What Manner from a Visible Thing Vision is Produced, or the Image of that Thing Which is Seen. The Matter is Shown More Clearly by an Example. How These Three Combine in One.
Chapter 3.— The Unity of the Three Takes Place in Thought, Viz Of Memory, of Ternal Vision,and of Will Combining Both.
Chapter 4.— How This Unity Comes to Pass.
Chapter 5.— The Trinity of the Outer Man, or of External Vision, is Not an Image of God. The Likeness of God is Desired Even in Sins. In External Vision the Form of the Corporeal Thing is as It Were the Parent, Vision the Offspring; But the Will that Unites These Suggests the Holy Spirit.
Chapter 6.— Of What Kind We are to Reckon the Rest (Requies), and End (Finis), of the Will in Vision.
Chapter 7.— There is Another Trinity in the Memory of Him Who Thinks Over Again What He Has Seen.
Chapter 8.— Different Modes of Conceiving.
Chapter 9.— Species is Produced by Species in Succession.
Chapter 10.— The Imagination Also Adds Even to Things We Have Not Seen, Those Things Which We Have Seen Elsewhere.
Chapter 11.— Number, Weight, Measure.
Book 12
Chapter 1.— Of What Kind are the Outer and the Inner Man.
Chapter 2.— Man Alone of Animate Creatures Perceives the Eternal Reasons of Things Pertaining to the Body.
Chapter 3.— The Higher Reason Which Belongs to Contemplation, and the Lower Which Belongs to Action, are in One Mind.
Chapter 4.— The Trinity and the Image of God is in that Part of the Mind Alone Which Belongs to the Contemplation of Eternal Things.
Chapter 5.— The Opinion Which Devises an Image of the Trinity in the Marriage of Male and Female, and in Their Offspring.
Chapter 6. — Why This Opinion is to Be Rejected.
Chapter 7.— How Man is the Image of God. Whether the Woman is Not Also the Image of God. How the Saying of the Apostle, that the Man is the Image of God, But the Woman is the Glory of the Man, is to Be Understood Figuratively and Mystically.
Chapter 8.— Turning Aside from the Image of God.
Chapter 9.— The Same Argument is Continued.
Chapter 10.— The Lowest Degradation Reached by Degrees.
Chapter 11.— The Image of the Beast in Man.
Chapter 12.— There is a Kind of Hidden Wedlock in the Inner Man. Unlawful Pleasures of the Thoughts.
Chapter 13.— The Opinion of Those Who Have Thought that the Mind Was Signified by the Man, the Bodily Sense by the Woman.
Chapter 14.— What is the Difference Between Wisdom and Knowledge. The Worship of God is the Love of Him. How the Intellectual Cognizance of Eternal Things Comes to Pass Through Wisdom.
Chapter 15.— In Opposition to the Reminiscence of Plato and Pythagoras. Pythagoras the Samian. Of the Difference Between Wisdom and Knowledge, and of Seeking the Trinity in the Knowledge of Temporal Things.
Book 13
Chapter 1.— The Attempt is Made to Distinguish Out of the Scriptures the Offices of Wisdom and of Knowledge. That in the Beginning of John Some Things that are Said Belong to Wisdom, Some to Knowledge. Some Things There are Only Known by the Help of Faith. How We See the Faith that is in Us. In the Same Narrative of John, Some Things are Known by the Sense of the Body, Others Only by the Reason of the Mind.
Chapter 2.— Faith a Thing of the Heart, Not of the Body; How It is Common and One and the Same in All Believers. The Faith of Believers is One, No Otherwise than the Will of Those Who Will is One.
Chapter 3.— Some Desires Being the Same in All, are Known to Each. The Poet Ennius.
Chapter 4.— The Will to Possess Blessedness is One in All, But the Variety of Wills is Very Great Concerning that Blessedness Itself.
Chapter 5.— Of the Same Thing.
Chapter 6.— Why, When All Will to Be Blessed, that is Rather Chosen by Which One Withdraws from Being So.
Chapter 7.— Faith is Necessary, that Man May at Some Time Be Blessed, Which He Will Only Attain in the Future Life. The Blessedness of Proud Philosophers Ridiculous and Pitiable.
Chapter 8.— Blessedness Cannot Exist Without Immortality.
Chapter 9.— We Say that Future Blessedness is Truly Eternal, Not Through Human Reasonings, But by the Help of Faith. The Immortality of Blessedness Becomes Credible from the Incarnation of the Son of God.
Chapter 10.— There Was No Other More Suitable Way of Freeing Man from the Misery of Mortality Than The Incarnation of the Word. The Merits Which are Called Ours are the Gifts of God.
Chapter 11.— A Difficulty, How We are Justitified in the Blood of the Son of God.
Chapter 12.— All, on Account of the Sin of Adam, Were Delivered into the Power of the Devil.
Chapter 13.— Man Was to Be Rescued from the Power of the Devil, Not by Power, But by Righteousness.
Chapter 14.— The Unobligated Death of Christ Has Freed Those Who Were Liable to Death.
Chapter 15.— Of the Same Subject.
Chapter 16.— The Remains of Death and the Evil Things of the World Turn to Good for the Elect. How Fitly the Death of Christ Was Chosen, that We Might Be Justified in His Blood. What the Anger of God is.
Chapter 17.— Other Advantages of the Incarnation.
Chapter 18.— Why the Son of God Took Man Upon Himself from the Race of Adam, and from a Virgin.
Chapter 19.— What in the Incarnate Word Belongs to Knowledge, What to Wisdom.
Chapter 20.— What Has Been Treated of in This Book. How We Have Reached by Steps to a Certain Trinity, Which is Found in Practical Knowledge and True Faith.
Book 14
Chapter 1.— What the Wisdom is of Which We are Here to Treat. Whence the Name of Philosopher Arose. What Has Been Already Said Concerning the Distinction of Knowledge and Wisdom.
Chapter 2.— There is a Kind of Trinity in the Holding, Contemplating, and Loving of Faith Temporal, But One that Does Not Yet Attain to Being Properly an Image of God.
Chapter 3.— A Difficulty Removed, Which Lies in the Way of What Has Just Been Said.
Chapter 4.— The Image of God is to Be Sought in the Immortality of the Rational Soul. How a Trinity is Demonstrated in the Mind.
Chapter 5.— Whether the Mind of Infants Knows Itself.
Chapter 6.— How a Kind of Trinity Exists in the Mind Thinking of Itself. What is the Part of Thought in This Trinity.
Chapter 7.— The Thing is Made Plain by an Example. In What Way the Matter is Handled in Order to Help the Reader.
Chapter 8.— The Trinity Which is the Image of God is Now to Be Sought in the Noblest Part of the Mind.
Chapter 9.— Whether Justice and the Other Virtues Cease to Exist in the Future Life.
Chapter 10.— How a Trinity is Produced by the Mind Remembering, Understanding, and Loving Itself.
Chapter 11.— Whether Memory is Also of Things Present.
Chapter 12.— The Trinity in the Mind is the Image of God, in that It Remembers, Understands, and Loves God, Which to Do is Wisdom.
Chapter 13.— How Any One Can Forget and Remember God.
Chapter 14.— The Mind Loves God in Rightly Loving Itself; And If It Love Not God, It Must Be Said to Hate Itself. Even a Weak and Erring Mind is Always Strong in Remembering, Understanding, and Loving Itself. Let It Be Turned to God, that It May Be Blessed by Remembering, Understanding, and Loving Him.
Chapter 15.— Although the Soul Hopes for Blessedness, Yet It Does Not Remember Lost Blessedness, But Remembers God and the Rules of Righteousness. The Unchangeable Rules of Right Living are Known Even to the Ungodly.
Chapter 16.— How the Image of God is Formed Anew in Man.
Chapter 17.— How the Image of God in the Mind is Renewed Until the Likeness of God is Perfected in It in Blessedness.
Chapter 18.— Whether the Sentence of John is to Be Understood of Our Future Likeness with the Son of God in the Immortality Itself Also of the Body.
Chapter 19.— John is Rather to Be Understood of Our Perfect Likeness with the Trinity in Life Eternal. Wisdom is Perfected in Happiness.
Book 15
Chapter 1.— God is Above the Mind.
Chapter 2.— God, Although Incomprehensible, is Ever to Be Sought. The Traces of the Trinity are Not Vainly Sought in the Creature.
Chapter 3.— A Brief Recapitulation of All the Previous Books.
Chapter 4.— What Universal Nature Teaches Us Concerning God.
Chapter 5.— How Difficult It is to Demonstrate the Trinity by Natural Reason.
Chapter 6.— How There is a Trinity in the Very Simplicity of God. Whether and How the Trinity that is God is Manifested from the Trinities Which Have Been Shown to Be in Men.
Chapter 7.— That It is Not Easy to Discover the Trinity that is God from the Trinities We Have Spoken of.
Chapter 8.— How the Apostle Says that God is Now Seen by Us Through a Glass.
Chapter 9.— Of the Term Enigma, And of Tropical Modes of Speech.
Chapter 10.— Concerning the Word of the Mind, in Which We See the Word of God, as in a Glass and an Enigma.
Chapter 11.— The Likeness of the Divine Word, Such as It Is, is to Be Sought, Not in Our Own Outer and Sensible Word, But in the Inner and Mental One. There is the Greatest Possible Unlikeness Between Our Word and Knowledge and the Divine Word and Knowledge.
Chapter 12.— The Academic Philosophy.
Chapter 13.— Still Further of the Difference Between the Knowledge and Word of Our Mind, and the Knowledge and Word of God.
Chapter 14.— The Word of God is in All Things Equal to the Father, from Whom It is.
Chapter 15.— How Great is the Unlikeness Between Our Word and the Divine Word. Our Word Cannot Be or Be Called Eternal.
Chapter 16.— Our Word is Never to Be Equalled to the Divine Word, Not Even When We Shall Be Like God.
Chapter 17.— How the Holy Spirit is Called Love, and Whether He Alone is So Called. That the Holy Spirit is in the Scriptures Properly Called by the Name of Love.
Chapter 18.— No Gift of God is More Excellent Than Love.
Chapter 19.— The Holy Spirit is Called the Gift of God in the Scriptures. By the Gift of the Holy Spirit is Meant the Gift Which is the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit is Specially Called Love, Although Not Only the Holy Spirit in the Trinity is Love.
Chapter 20.— Against Eunomius, Saying that the Son of God is the Son, Not of His Nature, But of His Will. Epilogue to What Has Been Said Already.
Chapter 21.— Of the Likeness of the Father and of the Son Alleged to Be in Our Memory and Understanding. Of the Likeness of the Holy Spirit in Our Will or Love.
Chapter 22.— How Great the Unlikeness is Between the Image of the Trinity Which We Have Found in Ourselves, and the Trinity Itself.
Chapter 23.— Augustine Dwells Still Further on the Disparity Between the Trinity Which is in Man, and the Trinity Which is God. The Trinity is Now Seen Through a Glass by the Help of Faith, that It May Hereafter Be More Clearly Seen in the Promised Sight Face to Face.
Chapter 24.— The Infirmity of the Human Mind.
Chapter 25.— The Question Why the Holy Spirit is Not Begotten, and How He Proceeds from the Father and the Son, Will Only Be Understood When We are in Bliss.
Chapter 26.— The Holy Spirit Twice Given by Christ. The Procession of the Holy Spirit from the Father and from the Son is Apart from Time, Nor Can He Be Called the Son of Both.
Chapter 27.— What It is that Suffices Here to Solve the Question Why the Spirit is Not Said to Be Begotten, and Why the Father Alone is Unbegotten. What They Ought to Do Who Do Not Understand These Things.
Chapter 28.— The Conclusion of the Book with a Prayer, and an Apology for Multitude of Words.
On Grace and Free Will
***
Chapter 1 — The Occasion and Argument of This Work.
Chapter 2 — He Proves the Existence of Free Will in Man from the Precepts Addressed to Him by God.
Chapter 3.— Sinners are Convicted When Attempting to Excuse Themselves by Blaming God, Because They Have Free Will.
Chapter 4.— The Divine Commands Which are Most Suited to the Will Itself Illustrate Its Freedom.
Chapter 5.— He Shows that Ignorance Affords No Such Excuse as Shall Free the Offender from Punishment; But that to Sin with Knowledge is a Graver Thing Than to Sin in Ignorance.
Chapter 6 — God's Grace to Be Maintained Against the Pelagians; The Pelagian Heresy Not an Old One.
Chapter 7.— Grace is Necessary Along with Free Will to Lead a Good Life.
Chapter 8.— Conjugal Chastity is Itself the Gift of God.
Chapter 9.— Entering into Temptation. Prayer is a Proof of Grace.
Chapter 10 — Free Will and God's Grace are Simultaneously Commended.
Chapter 11.— Other Passages of Scripture Which the Pelagians Abuse.
Chapter 12.— He Proves Out of St. Paul that Grace is Not Given According to Men's Merits.
Chapter 13 — The Grace of God is Not Given According to Merit, But Itself Makes All Good Desert.
Chapter 14.— Paul First Received Grace that He Might Win the Crown.
Chapter 15.— The Pelagians Profess that the Only Grace Which is Not Given According to Our Merits is that of the Forgiveness of Sins.
Chapter 16 — Paul Fought, But God Gave the Victory: He Ran, But God Showed Mercy.
Chapter 17.— The Faith that He Kept Was the Free Gift of God.
Chapter 18.— Faith Without Good Works is Not Sufficient for Salvation.
Chapter 19 — How is Eternal Life Both a Reward for Service and a Free Gift of Grace?
Chapter 20.— The Question Answered. Justification is Grace Simply and Entirely, Eternal Life is Reward and Grace.
Chapter 21 — Eternal Life is Grace for Grace.
Chapter 22 — Who is the Transgressor of the Law? The Oldness of Its Letter. The Newness of Its Spirit.
Chapter 23 — The Pelagians Maintain that the Law is the Grace of God Which Helps Us Not to Sin.
Chapter 24 — Who May Be Said to Wish to Establish Their Own Righteousness. God's Righteousness, So Called, Which Man Has from God.
Chapter 25 — As The Law is Not, So Neither is Our Nature Itself that Grace by Which We are Christians.
Chapter 26.— The Pelagians Contend that the Grace, Which is Neither the Law Nor Nature, Avails Only to the Remission of Past Sins, But Not to the Avoidance of Future Ones.
Chapter 27 — Grace Effects the Fulfilment of the Law, the Deliverance of Nature, and the Suppression of Sin's Dominion.
Chapter 28.— Faith is the Gift of God.
Chapter 29.— God is Able to Convert Opposing Wills, and to Take Away from the Heart Its Hardness.
Chapter 30.— The Grace by Which the Stony Heart is Removed is Not Preceded by Good Deserts, But by Evil Ones.
Chapter 31 — Free Will Has Its Function in the Heart's Conversion; But Grace Too Has Its.
Chapter 32 — In What Sense It is Rightly Said That, If We Like, We May Keep God's Commandments.
Chapter 33 — A Good Will May Be Small and Weak; An Ample Will, Great Love. Operating and Co-operating Grace.
Chapter 34.— The Apostle's Eulogy of Love. Correction to Be Administered with Love.
Chapter 35.— Commendations of Love.
Chapter 36 — Love Commended by Our Lord Himself.
Chapter 37 — The Love Which Fulfils the Commandments is Not of Ourselves, But of God.
Chapter 38.— We Would Not Love God Unless He First Loved Us. The Apostles Chose Christ Because They Were Chosen; They Were Not Chosen Because They Chose Christ.
Chapter 39.— The Spirit of Fear a Great Gift of God.
Chapter 40 — The Ignorance of the Pelagians in Maintaining that the Knowledge of the Law Comes from God, But that Love Comes from Ourselves.
Chapter 41— The Wills of Men are So Much in the Power of God, that He Can Turn Them Whithersoever It Pleases Him.
Chapter 42 — God Does Whatsoever He Wills in the Hearts of Even Wicked Men.
Chapter 43.— God Operates on Men's Hearts to Incline Their Wills Whithersoever He Pleases.
Chapter 44 — Gratuitous Grace Exemplified in Infants.
Chapter 45 — The Reason Why One Person is Assisted by Grace, and Another is Not Helped, Must Be Referred to the Secret Judgments of God.
Chapter 46 — Understanding and Wisdom Must Be Sought from God.
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