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Index
Contents About the Author About the Technical Reviewer Introduction Stage I: Terminology and Technical Foundations
Step 1: Thinking in Layers and Aspects
The Metaphor Layers of a Software System
Application vs. Implementation Functional vs. Nonfunctional Aspects
Application vs. Implementation Functional vs. Nonfunctional Aspects Considering Two Layers at the Same Time Integrity Outlook Summary
The Metaphor Layers of a Software System
Application vs. Implementation Functional vs. Nonfunctional Aspects
Application vs. Implementation Functional vs. Nonfunctional Aspects Considering Two Layers at the Same Time Integrity Outlook Summary Step 2: Seeing the Big Picture
The Metaphor A Payment System Two Types of Software Architecture The Advantages of Distributed Systems
Higher Computing Power Cost Reduction Higher Reliability Ability to Grow Naturally
Higher Computing Power Cost Reduction Higher Reliability Ability to Grow Naturally The Disadvantages of Distributed Systems
Coordination Overhead Communication Overhead Dependencies on Networks Higher Program Complexity Security Issues
Coordination Overhead Communication Overhead Dependencies on Networks Higher Program Complexity Security Issues Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems Mixing Centralized and Distributed Systems Identifying Distributed Systems The Purpose of the Blockchain Outlook Summary
The Metaphor A Payment System Two Types of Software Architecture The Advantages of Distributed Systems
Higher Computing Power Cost Reduction Higher Reliability Ability to Grow Naturally
Higher Computing Power Cost Reduction Higher Reliability Ability to Grow Naturally The Disadvantages of Distributed Systems
Coordination Overhead Communication Overhead Dependencies on Networks Higher Program Complexity Security Issues
Coordination Overhead Communication Overhead Dependencies on Networks Higher Program Complexity Security Issues Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems Mixing Centralized and Distributed Systems Identifying Distributed Systems The Purpose of the Blockchain Outlook Summary Step 3: Recognizing the Potential
The Metaphor How a Peer-to-Peer System Changed a Whole Industry The Potential of Peer-to-Peer Systems Terminology and the Link to the Blockchain
The Definition of a Peer-to-Peer System Architecture of Peer-to-Peer Systems The Link Between Peer-to-Peer Systems and the Blockchain
The Definition of a Peer-to-Peer System Architecture of Peer-to-Peer Systems The Link Between Peer-to-Peer Systems and the Blockchain The Potential of the Blockchain Outlook Summary
The Metaphor How a Peer-to-Peer System Changed a Whole Industry The Potential of Peer-to-Peer Systems Terminology and the Link to the Blockchain
The Definition of a Peer-to-Peer System Architecture of Peer-to-Peer Systems The Link Between Peer-to-Peer Systems and the Blockchain
The Definition of a Peer-to-Peer System Architecture of Peer-to-Peer Systems The Link Between Peer-to-Peer Systems and the Blockchain The Potential of the Blockchain Outlook Summary
Step 1: Thinking in Layers and Aspects
The Metaphor Layers of a Software System
Application vs. Implementation Functional vs. Nonfunctional Aspects
Application vs. Implementation Functional vs. Nonfunctional Aspects Considering Two Layers at the Same Time Integrity Outlook Summary
The Metaphor Layers of a Software System
Application vs. Implementation Functional vs. Nonfunctional Aspects
Application vs. Implementation Functional vs. Nonfunctional Aspects Considering Two Layers at the Same Time Integrity Outlook Summary Step 2: Seeing the Big Picture
The Metaphor A Payment System Two Types of Software Architecture The Advantages of Distributed Systems
Higher Computing Power Cost Reduction Higher Reliability Ability to Grow Naturally
Higher Computing Power Cost Reduction Higher Reliability Ability to Grow Naturally The Disadvantages of Distributed Systems
Coordination Overhead Communication Overhead Dependencies on Networks Higher Program Complexity Security Issues
Coordination Overhead Communication Overhead Dependencies on Networks Higher Program Complexity Security Issues Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems Mixing Centralized and Distributed Systems Identifying Distributed Systems The Purpose of the Blockchain Outlook Summary
The Metaphor A Payment System Two Types of Software Architecture The Advantages of Distributed Systems
Higher Computing Power Cost Reduction Higher Reliability Ability to Grow Naturally
Higher Computing Power Cost Reduction Higher Reliability Ability to Grow Naturally The Disadvantages of Distributed Systems
Coordination Overhead Communication Overhead Dependencies on Networks Higher Program Complexity Security Issues
Coordination Overhead Communication Overhead Dependencies on Networks Higher Program Complexity Security Issues Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems Mixing Centralized and Distributed Systems Identifying Distributed Systems The Purpose of the Blockchain Outlook Summary Step 3: Recognizing the Potential
The Metaphor How a Peer-to-Peer System Changed a Whole Industry The Potential of Peer-to-Peer Systems Terminology and the Link to the Blockchain
The Definition of a Peer-to-Peer System Architecture of Peer-to-Peer Systems The Link Between Peer-to-Peer Systems and the Blockchain
The Definition of a Peer-to-Peer System Architecture of Peer-to-Peer Systems The Link Between Peer-to-Peer Systems and the Blockchain The Potential of the Blockchain Outlook Summary
The Metaphor How a Peer-to-Peer System Changed a Whole Industry The Potential of Peer-to-Peer Systems Terminology and the Link to the Blockchain
The Definition of a Peer-to-Peer System Architecture of Peer-to-Peer Systems The Link Between Peer-to-Peer Systems and the Blockchain
The Definition of a Peer-to-Peer System Architecture of Peer-to-Peer Systems The Link Between Peer-to-Peer Systems and the Blockchain The Potential of the Blockchain Outlook Summary Stage II: Why the Blockchain Is Needed
Step 4: Discovering the Core Problem
The Metaphor Trust and Integrity in Peer-to-Peer Systems Integrity Threats in Peer-to-Peer Systems
Technical Failures Malicious Peers
Technical Failures Malicious Peers The Core Problem to Be Solved by the Blockchain Outlook Summary
The Metaphor Trust and Integrity in Peer-to-Peer Systems Integrity Threats in Peer-to-Peer Systems
Technical Failures Malicious Peers
Technical Failures Malicious Peers The Core Problem to Be Solved by the Blockchain Outlook Summary Step 5: Disambiguating the Term
The Term
A Data Structure An Algorithm A Suite of Technologies An Umbrella Term for Purely Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems with a Common Application Area
A Data Structure An Algorithm A Suite of Technologies An Umbrella Term for Purely Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems with a Common Application Area The Usage of the Term in This Book Provisional Definition The Role of Managing Ownership The Application Area of the Blockchain in This Book Outlook Summary
The Term
A Data Structure An Algorithm A Suite of Technologies An Umbrella Term for Purely Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems with a Common Application Area
A Data Structure An Algorithm A Suite of Technologies An Umbrella Term for Purely Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems with a Common Application Area The Usage of the Term in This Book Provisional Definition The Role of Managing Ownership The Application Area of the Blockchain in This Book Outlook Summary Step 6: Understanding the Nature of Ownership
The Metaphor Ownership and Witnesses Foundations of Ownership A Short Detour to Security
Identification Authentication Authorization
Identification Authentication Authorization Purposes and Properties of a Ledger Ownership and the Blockchain Outlook Summary
The Metaphor Ownership and Witnesses Foundations of Ownership A Short Detour to Security
Identification Authentication Authorization
Identification Authentication Authorization Purposes and Properties of a Ledger Ownership and the Blockchain Outlook Summary Step 7: Spending Money Twice
The Metaphor The Double Spending Problem The Term
Double Spending as a Problem of Copying Digital Goods Double Spending as a Problem of Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems of Ledgers Double Spending as an Example of Violated Integrity in Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems
Double Spending as a Problem of Copying Digital Goods Double Spending as a Problem of Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems of Ledgers Double Spending as an Example of Violated Integrity in Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems How to Solve the Double Spending Problem
Solving Double Spending as a Problem of Copying Digital Goods Solving Double Spending as a Problem of a Distributed Peer-to-Peer System of Ledgers Solving Double Spending as an Example of Violated Integrity in Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems
Solving Double Spending as a Problem of Copying Digital Goods Solving Double Spending as a Problem of a Distributed Peer-to-Peer System of Ledgers Solving Double Spending as an Example of Violated Integrity in Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems The Usage of Double Spending in This Book Outlook Summary
The Metaphor The Double Spending Problem The Term
Double Spending as a Problem of Copying Digital Goods Double Spending as a Problem of Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems of Ledgers Double Spending as an Example of Violated Integrity in Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems
Double Spending as a Problem of Copying Digital Goods Double Spending as a Problem of Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems of Ledgers Double Spending as an Example of Violated Integrity in Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems How to Solve the Double Spending Problem
Solving Double Spending as a Problem of Copying Digital Goods Solving Double Spending as a Problem of a Distributed Peer-to-Peer System of Ledgers Solving Double Spending as an Example of Violated Integrity in Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems
Solving Double Spending as a Problem of Copying Digital Goods Solving Double Spending as a Problem of a Distributed Peer-to-Peer System of Ledgers Solving Double Spending as an Example of Violated Integrity in Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems The Usage of Double Spending in This Book Outlook Summary
Step 4: Discovering the Core Problem
The Metaphor Trust and Integrity in Peer-to-Peer Systems Integrity Threats in Peer-to-Peer Systems
Technical Failures Malicious Peers
Technical Failures Malicious Peers The Core Problem to Be Solved by the Blockchain Outlook Summary
The Metaphor Trust and Integrity in Peer-to-Peer Systems Integrity Threats in Peer-to-Peer Systems
Technical Failures Malicious Peers
Technical Failures Malicious Peers The Core Problem to Be Solved by the Blockchain Outlook Summary Step 5: Disambiguating the Term
The Term
A Data Structure An Algorithm A Suite of Technologies An Umbrella Term for Purely Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems with a Common Application Area
A Data Structure An Algorithm A Suite of Technologies An Umbrella Term for Purely Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems with a Common Application Area The Usage of the Term in This Book Provisional Definition The Role of Managing Ownership The Application Area of the Blockchain in This Book Outlook Summary
The Term
A Data Structure An Algorithm A Suite of Technologies An Umbrella Term for Purely Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems with a Common Application Area
A Data Structure An Algorithm A Suite of Technologies An Umbrella Term for Purely Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems with a Common Application Area The Usage of the Term in This Book Provisional Definition The Role of Managing Ownership The Application Area of the Blockchain in This Book Outlook Summary Step 6: Understanding the Nature of Ownership
The Metaphor Ownership and Witnesses Foundations of Ownership A Short Detour to Security
Identification Authentication Authorization
Identification Authentication Authorization Purposes and Properties of a Ledger Ownership and the Blockchain Outlook Summary
The Metaphor Ownership and Witnesses Foundations of Ownership A Short Detour to Security
Identification Authentication Authorization
Identification Authentication Authorization Purposes and Properties of a Ledger Ownership and the Blockchain Outlook Summary Step 7: Spending Money Twice
The Metaphor The Double Spending Problem The Term
Double Spending as a Problem of Copying Digital Goods Double Spending as a Problem of Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems of Ledgers Double Spending as an Example of Violated Integrity in Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems
Double Spending as a Problem of Copying Digital Goods Double Spending as a Problem of Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems of Ledgers Double Spending as an Example of Violated Integrity in Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems How to Solve the Double Spending Problem
Solving Double Spending as a Problem of Copying Digital Goods Solving Double Spending as a Problem of a Distributed Peer-to-Peer System of Ledgers Solving Double Spending as an Example of Violated Integrity in Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems
Solving Double Spending as a Problem of Copying Digital Goods Solving Double Spending as a Problem of a Distributed Peer-to-Peer System of Ledgers Solving Double Spending as an Example of Violated Integrity in Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems The Usage of Double Spending in This Book Outlook Summary
The Metaphor The Double Spending Problem The Term
Double Spending as a Problem of Copying Digital Goods Double Spending as a Problem of Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems of Ledgers Double Spending as an Example of Violated Integrity in Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems
Double Spending as a Problem of Copying Digital Goods Double Spending as a Problem of Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems of Ledgers Double Spending as an Example of Violated Integrity in Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems How to Solve the Double Spending Problem
Solving Double Spending as a Problem of Copying Digital Goods Solving Double Spending as a Problem of a Distributed Peer-to-Peer System of Ledgers Solving Double Spending as an Example of Violated Integrity in Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems
Solving Double Spending as a Problem of Copying Digital Goods Solving Double Spending as a Problem of a Distributed Peer-to-Peer System of Ledgers Solving Double Spending as an Example of Violated Integrity in Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems The Usage of Double Spending in This Book Outlook Summary Stage III: How the Blockchain Works
Step 8: Planning the Blockchain
The Goal Starting Point The Path to Follow
Task 1: Describing Ownership Task 2: Protecting Ownership Task 3: Storing Transaction Data Task 4: Preparing Ledgers to Be Distributed in an Untrustworthy Environment Task 5: Distributing the Ledgers Task 6: Adding New Transactions to the Ledgers Task 7: Deciding Which Ledgers Represent the Truth
Task 1: Describing Ownership Task 2: Protecting Ownership Task 3: Storing Transaction Data Task 4: Preparing Ledgers to Be Distributed in an Untrustworthy Environment Task 5: Distributing the Ledgers Task 6: Adding New Transactions to the Ledgers Task 7: Deciding Which Ledgers Represent the Truth Outlook Summary
The Goal Starting Point The Path to Follow
Task 1: Describing Ownership Task 2: Protecting Ownership Task 3: Storing Transaction Data Task 4: Preparing Ledgers to Be Distributed in an Untrustworthy Environment Task 5: Distributing the Ledgers Task 6: Adding New Transactions to the Ledgers Task 7: Deciding Which Ledgers Represent the Truth
Task 1: Describing Ownership Task 2: Protecting Ownership Task 3: Storing Transaction Data Task 4: Preparing Ledgers to Be Distributed in an Untrustworthy Environment Task 5: Distributing the Ledgers Task 6: Adding New Transactions to the Ledgers Task 7: Deciding Which Ledgers Represent the Truth Outlook Summary Step 9: Documenting Ownership
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea A Short Detour to Inventory and Transaction Data How It Works
Describing the Transfer of Ownership Maintaining the History of Transfers
Describing the Transfer of Ownership Maintaining the History of Transfers Why It Works Importance of Ordering Integrity of the Transaction History
Formal Correctness Semantic Correctness Authorization
Formal Correctness Semantic Correctness Authorization Outlook Summary
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea A Short Detour to Inventory and Transaction Data How It Works
Describing the Transfer of Ownership Maintaining the History of Transfers
Describing the Transfer of Ownership Maintaining the History of Transfers Why It Works Importance of Ordering Integrity of the Transaction History
Formal Correctness Semantic Correctness Authorization
Formal Correctness Semantic Correctness Authorization Outlook Summary Step 10: Hashing Data
The Metaphor The Goal How It Works
Providing Hash Values for Any Data Quickly Deterministic Pseudorandom One-Way Function Collision Resistant
Providing Hash Values for Any Data Quickly Deterministic Pseudorandom One-Way Function Collision Resistant Trying It Out Yourself Patterns of Hashing Data
Independent Hashing Repeated Hashing Combined Hashing Sequential Hashing Hierarchical Hashing
Independent Hashing Repeated Hashing Combined Hashing Sequential Hashing Hierarchical Hashing Outlook Summary
The Metaphor The Goal How It Works
Providing Hash Values for Any Data Quickly Deterministic Pseudorandom One-Way Function Collision Resistant
Providing Hash Values for Any Data Quickly Deterministic Pseudorandom One-Way Function Collision Resistant Trying It Out Yourself Patterns of Hashing Data
Independent Hashing Repeated Hashing Combined Hashing Sequential Hashing Hierarchical Hashing
Independent Hashing Repeated Hashing Combined Hashing Sequential Hashing Hierarchical Hashing Outlook Summary Step 11: Hashing in the Real World
Comparing Data
The Goal The Idea How It Works Why It Works
The Goal The Idea How It Works Why It Works Detecting Changes in Data
The Goal The Idea How It Works Why It Works
The Goal The Idea How It Works Why It Works Referring to Data in a Change-Sensitive Manner
The Goal The Idea How It Works A Schematic Illustration Why It Works
The Goal The Idea How It Works A Schematic Illustration Why It Works Storing Data in a Change-Sensitive Manner
The Goal The Idea How It Works
The Chain The Tree
The Chain The Tree Why It Works
The Goal The Idea How It Works
The Chain The Tree
The Chain The Tree Why It Works Causing Time-Consuming Computations
The Goal The Idea How It Works An Illustrative Example The Difficulty Level Why It Works
The Goal The Idea How It Works An Illustrative Example The Difficulty Level Why It Works Usage of Hashing in the Blockchain Outlook Summary
Comparing Data
The Goal The Idea How It Works Why It Works
The Goal The Idea How It Works Why It Works Detecting Changes in Data
The Goal The Idea How It Works Why It Works
The Goal The Idea How It Works Why It Works Referring to Data in a Change-Sensitive Manner
The Goal The Idea How It Works A Schematic Illustration Why It Works
The Goal The Idea How It Works A Schematic Illustration Why It Works Storing Data in a Change-Sensitive Manner
The Goal The Idea How It Works
The Chain The Tree
The Chain The Tree Why It Works
The Goal The Idea How It Works
The Chain The Tree
The Chain The Tree Why It Works Causing Time-Consuming Computations
The Goal The Idea How It Works An Illustrative Example The Difficulty Level Why It Works
The Goal The Idea How It Works An Illustrative Example The Difficulty Level Why It Works Usage of Hashing in the Blockchain Outlook Summary Step 12: Identifying and Protecting User Accounts
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea A Short Detour to Cryptography
The Major Idea of Cryptography Terminology2 Symmetric Cryptography Asymmetric Cryptography
The Major Idea of Cryptography Terminology2 Symmetric Cryptography Asymmetric Cryptography Asymmetric Cryptography in the Real World
Creating and Distributing the Keys Using the Keys
Public to Private Private to Public
Public to Private Private to Public
Creating and Distributing the Keys Using the Keys
Public to Private Private to Public
Public to Private Private to Public Asymmetric Cryptography in the Blockchain
Identifying Accounts Authorizing Transactions
Identifying Accounts Authorizing Transactions Outlook Summary
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea A Short Detour to Cryptography
The Major Idea of Cryptography Terminology2 Symmetric Cryptography Asymmetric Cryptography
The Major Idea of Cryptography Terminology2 Symmetric Cryptography Asymmetric Cryptography Asymmetric Cryptography in the Real World
Creating and Distributing the Keys Using the Keys
Public to Private Private to Public
Public to Private Private to Public
Creating and Distributing the Keys Using the Keys
Public to Private Private to Public
Public to Private Private to Public Asymmetric Cryptography in the Blockchain
Identifying Accounts Authorizing Transactions
Identifying Accounts Authorizing Transactions Outlook Summary Step 13: Authorizing Transactions
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea A Short Detour to Digital Signatures
Creating a Signature Verifying Data by Using the Signature Identifying Fraud by Using the Signature
Creating a Signature Verifying Data by Using the Signature Identifying Fraud by Using the Signature How It Works
Signing a Transaction Verifying a Transaction
Signing a Transaction Verifying a Transaction Why It Works Outlook Summary
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea A Short Detour to Digital Signatures
Creating a Signature Verifying Data by Using the Signature Identifying Fraud by Using the Signature
Creating a Signature Verifying Data by Using the Signature Identifying Fraud by Using the Signature How It Works
Signing a Transaction Verifying a Transaction
Signing a Transaction Verifying a Transaction Why It Works Outlook Summary Step 14: Storing Transaction Data
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea Transforming a Book into a Blockchain-Data-Structure
Starting Point: A Book Transformation 1: Making Page Dependency Explicit Transformation 2: Outsourcing the Content Transformation 3: Replacing Page Numbers Transformation 4: Creating Reference Numbers Transformation 5: Getting Rid of the Book Spine Goal Achieved: Appreciating the Result
Starting Point: A Book Transformation 1: Making Page Dependency Explicit Transformation 2: Outsourcing the Content Transformation 3: Replacing Page Numbers Transformation 4: Creating Reference Numbers Transformation 5: Getting Rid of the Book Spine Goal Achieved: Appreciating the Result The Blockchain-Data-Structure
The Mental Unit of a Page of the Ordering Catalog and Its Corresponding Content Page Ordering Catalog Content Pages Catalog Page Reference Numbers Content Reference Numbers
The Mental Unit of a Page of the Ordering Catalog and Its Corresponding Content Page Ordering Catalog Content Pages Catalog Page Reference Numbers Content Reference Numbers Storing Transactions in the Blockchain-Data-Structure Outlook Summary
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea Transforming a Book into a Blockchain-Data-Structure
Starting Point: A Book Transformation 1: Making Page Dependency Explicit Transformation 2: Outsourcing the Content Transformation 3: Replacing Page Numbers Transformation 4: Creating Reference Numbers Transformation 5: Getting Rid of the Book Spine Goal Achieved: Appreciating the Result
Starting Point: A Book Transformation 1: Making Page Dependency Explicit Transformation 2: Outsourcing the Content Transformation 3: Replacing Page Numbers Transformation 4: Creating Reference Numbers Transformation 5: Getting Rid of the Book Spine Goal Achieved: Appreciating the Result The Blockchain-Data-Structure
The Mental Unit of a Page of the Ordering Catalog and Its Corresponding Content Page Ordering Catalog Content Pages Catalog Page Reference Numbers Content Reference Numbers
The Mental Unit of a Page of the Ordering Catalog and Its Corresponding Content Page Ordering Catalog Content Pages Catalog Page Reference Numbers Content Reference Numbers Storing Transactions in the Blockchain-Data-Structure Outlook Summary Step 15: Using the Data Store
The Metaphor Adding New Transactions Detecting Changes
Changing the Content of Transaction Data Changing a Reference in the Merkle Tree Replacing a Transaction Changing the Merkle Root Changing a Block Header Reference
Changing the Content of Transaction Data Changing a Reference in the Merkle Tree Replacing a Transaction Changing the Merkle Root Changing a Block Header Reference Changing Data Orderly Intended vs. Unintended Changes Outlook Summary
The Metaphor Adding New Transactions Detecting Changes
Changing the Content of Transaction Data Changing a Reference in the Merkle Tree Replacing a Transaction Changing the Merkle Root Changing a Block Header Reference
Changing the Content of Transaction Data Changing a Reference in the Merkle Tree Replacing a Transaction Changing the Merkle Root Changing a Block Header Reference Changing Data Orderly Intended vs. Unintended Changes Outlook Summary Step 16: Protecting the Data Store
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea A Short Detour to Immutability How It Works: The Big Picture
Making Manipulations Stand Out Enforcing Rewriting the History for Embedding Changes Making Adding Data Computationally Expensive
Making Manipulations Stand Out Enforcing Rewriting the History for Embedding Changes Making Adding Data Computationally Expensive How It Works: The Details
Compulsory Data The Process of Creating A New Block Validation Rules
Compulsory Data The Process of Creating A New Block Validation Rules Why It Works The Costs of Manipulating the Blockchain-Data-Structure The Immutable Data Store in the Real World Outlook Summary
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea A Short Detour to Immutability How It Works: The Big Picture
Making Manipulations Stand Out Enforcing Rewriting the History for Embedding Changes Making Adding Data Computationally Expensive
Making Manipulations Stand Out Enforcing Rewriting the History for Embedding Changes Making Adding Data Computationally Expensive How It Works: The Details
Compulsory Data The Process of Creating A New Block Validation Rules
Compulsory Data The Process of Creating A New Block Validation Rules Why It Works The Costs of Manipulating the Blockchain-Data-Structure The Immutable Data Store in the Real World Outlook Summary Step 17: Distributing the Data Store Among Peers
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea How It Works: The Overview1 How It Works: The Details
Keeping Existing Connections Alive Establishing New Connections Distributing New Information
Keeping Existing Connections Alive Establishing New Connections Distributing New Information Why It Works Outlook Summary
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea How It Works: The Overview1 How It Works: The Details
Keeping Existing Connections Alive Establishing New Connections Distributing New Information
Keeping Existing Connections Alive Establishing New Connections Distributing New Information Why It Works Outlook Summary Step 18: Verif ying and Adding Transactions
The Metaphor
Consequences
Consequences The Goal The Challenge The Idea How It Works: The Building Blocks
Validation Rules
Validation Rules for Transaction Data Validation Rules for Block Headers
Validation Rules for Transaction Data Validation Rules for Block Headers Reward Punishment Competition
Speed Competition Quality Competition
Speed Competition Quality Competition Peer Control
Validation Rules
Validation Rules for Transaction Data Validation Rules for Block Headers
Validation Rules for Transaction Data Validation Rules for Block Headers Reward Punishment Competition
Speed Competition Quality Competition
Speed Competition Quality Competition Peer Control How It Works: The Skeleton How It Works: The Details Why It Works Dealing with Dishonest Behavior Outlook Summary
The Metaphor
Consequences
Consequences The Goal The Challenge The Idea How It Works: The Building Blocks
Validation Rules
Validation Rules for Transaction Data Validation Rules for Block Headers
Validation Rules for Transaction Data Validation Rules for Block Headers Reward Punishment Competition
Speed Competition Quality Competition
Speed Competition Quality Competition Peer Control
Validation Rules
Validation Rules for Transaction Data Validation Rules for Block Headers
Validation Rules for Transaction Data Validation Rules for Block Headers Reward Punishment Competition
Speed Competition Quality Competition
Speed Competition Quality Competition Peer Control How It Works: The Skeleton How It Works: The Details Why It Works Dealing with Dishonest Behavior Outlook Summary Step 19: Choosing a Transaction History
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea How It Works
The Longest-Chain-Criterion The Heaviest-Chain-Criterion
The Longest-Chain-Criterion The Heaviest-Chain-Criterion Consequences of Selecting One Chain
Orphan Blocks Reclaimed Reward Clarifying Ownership Reprocessing of Transactions A Growing Common Trunk Eventual Consistency Robustness Against Manipulations
Orphan Blocks Reclaimed Reward Clarifying Ownership Reprocessing of Transactions A Growing Common Trunk Eventual Consistency Robustness Against Manipulations Threats to the Voting Schema The Role of the Hash Puzzle Why It Works Outlook Summary
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea How It Works
The Longest-Chain-Criterion The Heaviest-Chain-Criterion
The Longest-Chain-Criterion The Heaviest-Chain-Criterion Consequences of Selecting One Chain
Orphan Blocks Reclaimed Reward Clarifying Ownership Reprocessing of Transactions A Growing Common Trunk Eventual Consistency Robustness Against Manipulations
Orphan Blocks Reclaimed Reward Clarifying Ownership Reprocessing of Transactions A Growing Common Trunk Eventual Consistency Robustness Against Manipulations Threats to the Voting Schema The Role of the Hash Puzzle Why It Works Outlook Summary Step 20: Paying for Integrity
The Metaphor The Role of Fees Within the Blockchain
Impact on the Integrity of the System Impact on the Openness of the System Impact on the Distributed Nature of the System Impact on the Philosophy of the System
Impact on the Integrity of the System Impact on the Openness of the System Impact on the Distributed Nature of the System Impact on the Philosophy of the System Desirable Properties of an Instrument of Payment for Compensating Peers A Detour to the Emergence of Cryptographic Currencies Outlook Summary
The Metaphor The Role of Fees Within the Blockchain
Impact on the Integrity of the System Impact on the Openness of the System Impact on the Distributed Nature of the System Impact on the Philosophy of the System
Impact on the Integrity of the System Impact on the Openness of the System Impact on the Distributed Nature of the System Impact on the Philosophy of the System Desirable Properties of an Instrument of Payment for Compensating Peers A Detour to the Emergence of Cryptographic Currencies Outlook Summary Step 21: Bringing the Pieces Together
Reviewing Concepts and Technologies What Is the Blockchain?
The Purpose of the Blockchain: Functional Aspects of the Application Layer
Clarifying Ownership Transferring Ownership
Clarifying Ownership Transferring Ownership Properties of the Blockchain: Nonfunctional Aspects
Highly Available Censorship Proof Reliable Open Pseudoanonymous Secure Resilient Eventually Consistent Keeping Integrity
Highly Available Censorship Proof Reliable Open Pseudoanonymous Secure Resilient Eventually Consistent Keeping Integrity Internal Functioning: Functional Aspects of the Implementation Layer
Ownership Logic Transaction Security Transaction Processing Logic Storage Logic Peer-to-Peer Architecture Consensus Logic
Ownership Logic Transaction Security Transaction Processing Logic Storage Logic Peer-to-Peer Architecture Consensus Logic
The Purpose of the Blockchain: Functional Aspects of the Application Layer
Clarifying Ownership Transferring Ownership
Clarifying Ownership Transferring Ownership Properties of the Blockchain: Nonfunctional Aspects
Highly Available Censorship Proof Reliable Open Pseudoanonymous Secure Resilient Eventually Consistent Keeping Integrity
Highly Available Censorship Proof Reliable Open Pseudoanonymous Secure Resilient Eventually Consistent Keeping Integrity Internal Functioning: Functional Aspects of the Implementation Layer
Ownership Logic Transaction Security Transaction Processing Logic Storage Logic Peer-to-Peer Architecture Consensus Logic
Ownership Logic Transaction Security Transaction Processing Logic Storage Logic Peer-to-Peer Architecture Consensus Logic Gaining Abstraction Outlook Summary
Reviewing Concepts and Technologies What Is the Blockchain?
The Purpose of the Blockchain: Functional Aspects of the Application Layer
Clarifying Ownership Transferring Ownership
Clarifying Ownership Transferring Ownership Properties of the Blockchain: Nonfunctional Aspects
Highly Available Censorship Proof Reliable Open Pseudoanonymous Secure Resilient Eventually Consistent Keeping Integrity
Highly Available Censorship Proof Reliable Open Pseudoanonymous Secure Resilient Eventually Consistent Keeping Integrity Internal Functioning: Functional Aspects of the Implementation Layer
Ownership Logic Transaction Security Transaction Processing Logic Storage Logic Peer-to-Peer Architecture Consensus Logic
Ownership Logic Transaction Security Transaction Processing Logic Storage Logic Peer-to-Peer Architecture Consensus Logic
The Purpose of the Blockchain: Functional Aspects of the Application Layer
Clarifying Ownership Transferring Ownership
Clarifying Ownership Transferring Ownership Properties of the Blockchain: Nonfunctional Aspects
Highly Available Censorship Proof Reliable Open Pseudoanonymous Secure Resilient Eventually Consistent Keeping Integrity
Highly Available Censorship Proof Reliable Open Pseudoanonymous Secure Resilient Eventually Consistent Keeping Integrity Internal Functioning: Functional Aspects of the Implementation Layer
Ownership Logic Transaction Security Transaction Processing Logic Storage Logic Peer-to-Peer Architecture Consensus Logic
Ownership Logic Transaction Security Transaction Processing Logic Storage Logic Peer-to-Peer Architecture Consensus Logic Gaining Abstraction Outlook Summary
Step 8: Planning the Blockchain
The Goal Starting Point The Path to Follow
Task 1: Describing Ownership Task 2: Protecting Ownership Task 3: Storing Transaction Data Task 4: Preparing Ledgers to Be Distributed in an Untrustworthy Environment Task 5: Distributing the Ledgers Task 6: Adding New Transactions to the Ledgers Task 7: Deciding Which Ledgers Represent the Truth
Task 1: Describing Ownership Task 2: Protecting Ownership Task 3: Storing Transaction Data Task 4: Preparing Ledgers to Be Distributed in an Untrustworthy Environment Task 5: Distributing the Ledgers Task 6: Adding New Transactions to the Ledgers Task 7: Deciding Which Ledgers Represent the Truth Outlook Summary
The Goal Starting Point The Path to Follow
Task 1: Describing Ownership Task 2: Protecting Ownership Task 3: Storing Transaction Data Task 4: Preparing Ledgers to Be Distributed in an Untrustworthy Environment Task 5: Distributing the Ledgers Task 6: Adding New Transactions to the Ledgers Task 7: Deciding Which Ledgers Represent the Truth
Task 1: Describing Ownership Task 2: Protecting Ownership Task 3: Storing Transaction Data Task 4: Preparing Ledgers to Be Distributed in an Untrustworthy Environment Task 5: Distributing the Ledgers Task 6: Adding New Transactions to the Ledgers Task 7: Deciding Which Ledgers Represent the Truth Outlook Summary Step 9: Documenting Ownership
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea A Short Detour to Inventory and Transaction Data How It Works
Describing the Transfer of Ownership Maintaining the History of Transfers
Describing the Transfer of Ownership Maintaining the History of Transfers Why It Works Importance of Ordering Integrity of the Transaction History
Formal Correctness Semantic Correctness Authorization
Formal Correctness Semantic Correctness Authorization Outlook Summary
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea A Short Detour to Inventory and Transaction Data How It Works
Describing the Transfer of Ownership Maintaining the History of Transfers
Describing the Transfer of Ownership Maintaining the History of Transfers Why It Works Importance of Ordering Integrity of the Transaction History
Formal Correctness Semantic Correctness Authorization
Formal Correctness Semantic Correctness Authorization Outlook Summary Step 10: Hashing Data
The Metaphor The Goal How It Works
Providing Hash Values for Any Data Quickly Deterministic Pseudorandom One-Way Function Collision Resistant
Providing Hash Values for Any Data Quickly Deterministic Pseudorandom One-Way Function Collision Resistant Trying It Out Yourself Patterns of Hashing Data
Independent Hashing Repeated Hashing Combined Hashing Sequential Hashing Hierarchical Hashing
Independent Hashing Repeated Hashing Combined Hashing Sequential Hashing Hierarchical Hashing Outlook Summary
The Metaphor The Goal How It Works
Providing Hash Values for Any Data Quickly Deterministic Pseudorandom One-Way Function Collision Resistant
Providing Hash Values for Any Data Quickly Deterministic Pseudorandom One-Way Function Collision Resistant Trying It Out Yourself Patterns of Hashing Data
Independent Hashing Repeated Hashing Combined Hashing Sequential Hashing Hierarchical Hashing
Independent Hashing Repeated Hashing Combined Hashing Sequential Hashing Hierarchical Hashing Outlook Summary Step 11: Hashing in the Real World
Comparing Data
The Goal The Idea How It Works Why It Works
The Goal The Idea How It Works Why It Works Detecting Changes in Data
The Goal The Idea How It Works Why It Works
The Goal The Idea How It Works Why It Works Referring to Data in a Change-Sensitive Manner
The Goal The Idea How It Works A Schematic Illustration Why It Works
The Goal The Idea How It Works A Schematic Illustration Why It Works Storing Data in a Change-Sensitive Manner
The Goal The Idea How It Works
The Chain The Tree
The Chain The Tree Why It Works
The Goal The Idea How It Works
The Chain The Tree
The Chain The Tree Why It Works Causing Time-Consuming Computations
The Goal The Idea How It Works An Illustrative Example The Difficulty Level Why It Works
The Goal The Idea How It Works An Illustrative Example The Difficulty Level Why It Works Usage of Hashing in the Blockchain Outlook Summary
Comparing Data
The Goal The Idea How It Works Why It Works
The Goal The Idea How It Works Why It Works Detecting Changes in Data
The Goal The Idea How It Works Why It Works
The Goal The Idea How It Works Why It Works Referring to Data in a Change-Sensitive Manner
The Goal The Idea How It Works A Schematic Illustration Why It Works
The Goal The Idea How It Works A Schematic Illustration Why It Works Storing Data in a Change-Sensitive Manner
The Goal The Idea How It Works
The Chain The Tree
The Chain The Tree Why It Works
The Goal The Idea How It Works
The Chain The Tree
The Chain The Tree Why It Works Causing Time-Consuming Computations
The Goal The Idea How It Works An Illustrative Example The Difficulty Level Why It Works
The Goal The Idea How It Works An Illustrative Example The Difficulty Level Why It Works Usage of Hashing in the Blockchain Outlook Summary Step 12: Identifying and Protecting User Accounts
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea A Short Detour to Cryptography
The Major Idea of Cryptography Terminology2 Symmetric Cryptography Asymmetric Cryptography
The Major Idea of Cryptography Terminology2 Symmetric Cryptography Asymmetric Cryptography Asymmetric Cryptography in the Real World
Creating and Distributing the Keys Using the Keys
Public to Private Private to Public
Public to Private Private to Public
Creating and Distributing the Keys Using the Keys
Public to Private Private to Public
Public to Private Private to Public Asymmetric Cryptography in the Blockchain
Identifying Accounts Authorizing Transactions
Identifying Accounts Authorizing Transactions Outlook Summary
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea A Short Detour to Cryptography
The Major Idea of Cryptography Terminology2 Symmetric Cryptography Asymmetric Cryptography
The Major Idea of Cryptography Terminology2 Symmetric Cryptography Asymmetric Cryptography Asymmetric Cryptography in the Real World
Creating and Distributing the Keys Using the Keys
Public to Private Private to Public
Public to Private Private to Public
Creating and Distributing the Keys Using the Keys
Public to Private Private to Public
Public to Private Private to Public Asymmetric Cryptography in the Blockchain
Identifying Accounts Authorizing Transactions
Identifying Accounts Authorizing Transactions Outlook Summary Step 13: Authorizing Transactions
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea A Short Detour to Digital Signatures
Creating a Signature Verifying Data by Using the Signature Identifying Fraud by Using the Signature
Creating a Signature Verifying Data by Using the Signature Identifying Fraud by Using the Signature How It Works
Signing a Transaction Verifying a Transaction
Signing a Transaction Verifying a Transaction Why It Works Outlook Summary
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea A Short Detour to Digital Signatures
Creating a Signature Verifying Data by Using the Signature Identifying Fraud by Using the Signature
Creating a Signature Verifying Data by Using the Signature Identifying Fraud by Using the Signature How It Works
Signing a Transaction Verifying a Transaction
Signing a Transaction Verifying a Transaction Why It Works Outlook Summary Step 14: Storing Transaction Data
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea Transforming a Book into a Blockchain-Data-Structure
Starting Point: A Book Transformation 1: Making Page Dependency Explicit Transformation 2: Outsourcing the Content Transformation 3: Replacing Page Numbers Transformation 4: Creating Reference Numbers Transformation 5: Getting Rid of the Book Spine Goal Achieved: Appreciating the Result
Starting Point: A Book Transformation 1: Making Page Dependency Explicit Transformation 2: Outsourcing the Content Transformation 3: Replacing Page Numbers Transformation 4: Creating Reference Numbers Transformation 5: Getting Rid of the Book Spine Goal Achieved: Appreciating the Result The Blockchain-Data-Structure
The Mental Unit of a Page of the Ordering Catalog and Its Corresponding Content Page Ordering Catalog Content Pages Catalog Page Reference Numbers Content Reference Numbers
The Mental Unit of a Page of the Ordering Catalog and Its Corresponding Content Page Ordering Catalog Content Pages Catalog Page Reference Numbers Content Reference Numbers Storing Transactions in the Blockchain-Data-Structure Outlook Summary
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea Transforming a Book into a Blockchain-Data-Structure
Starting Point: A Book Transformation 1: Making Page Dependency Explicit Transformation 2: Outsourcing the Content Transformation 3: Replacing Page Numbers Transformation 4: Creating Reference Numbers Transformation 5: Getting Rid of the Book Spine Goal Achieved: Appreciating the Result
Starting Point: A Book Transformation 1: Making Page Dependency Explicit Transformation 2: Outsourcing the Content Transformation 3: Replacing Page Numbers Transformation 4: Creating Reference Numbers Transformation 5: Getting Rid of the Book Spine Goal Achieved: Appreciating the Result The Blockchain-Data-Structure
The Mental Unit of a Page of the Ordering Catalog and Its Corresponding Content Page Ordering Catalog Content Pages Catalog Page Reference Numbers Content Reference Numbers
The Mental Unit of a Page of the Ordering Catalog and Its Corresponding Content Page Ordering Catalog Content Pages Catalog Page Reference Numbers Content Reference Numbers Storing Transactions in the Blockchain-Data-Structure Outlook Summary Step 15: Using the Data Store
The Metaphor Adding New Transactions Detecting Changes
Changing the Content of Transaction Data Changing a Reference in the Merkle Tree Replacing a Transaction Changing the Merkle Root Changing a Block Header Reference
Changing the Content of Transaction Data Changing a Reference in the Merkle Tree Replacing a Transaction Changing the Merkle Root Changing a Block Header Reference Changing Data Orderly Intended vs. Unintended Changes Outlook Summary
The Metaphor Adding New Transactions Detecting Changes
Changing the Content of Transaction Data Changing a Reference in the Merkle Tree Replacing a Transaction Changing the Merkle Root Changing a Block Header Reference
Changing the Content of Transaction Data Changing a Reference in the Merkle Tree Replacing a Transaction Changing the Merkle Root Changing a Block Header Reference Changing Data Orderly Intended vs. Unintended Changes Outlook Summary Step 16: Protecting the Data Store
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea A Short Detour to Immutability How It Works: The Big Picture
Making Manipulations Stand Out Enforcing Rewriting the History for Embedding Changes Making Adding Data Computationally Expensive
Making Manipulations Stand Out Enforcing Rewriting the History for Embedding Changes Making Adding Data Computationally Expensive How It Works: The Details
Compulsory Data The Process of Creating A New Block Validation Rules
Compulsory Data The Process of Creating A New Block Validation Rules Why It Works The Costs of Manipulating the Blockchain-Data-Structure The Immutable Data Store in the Real World Outlook Summary
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea A Short Detour to Immutability How It Works: The Big Picture
Making Manipulations Stand Out Enforcing Rewriting the History for Embedding Changes Making Adding Data Computationally Expensive
Making Manipulations Stand Out Enforcing Rewriting the History for Embedding Changes Making Adding Data Computationally Expensive How It Works: The Details
Compulsory Data The Process of Creating A New Block Validation Rules
Compulsory Data The Process of Creating A New Block Validation Rules Why It Works The Costs of Manipulating the Blockchain-Data-Structure The Immutable Data Store in the Real World Outlook Summary Step 17: Distributing the Data Store Among Peers
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea How It Works: The Overview1 How It Works: The Details
Keeping Existing Connections Alive Establishing New Connections Distributing New Information
Keeping Existing Connections Alive Establishing New Connections Distributing New Information Why It Works Outlook Summary
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea How It Works: The Overview1 How It Works: The Details
Keeping Existing Connections Alive Establishing New Connections Distributing New Information
Keeping Existing Connections Alive Establishing New Connections Distributing New Information Why It Works Outlook Summary Step 18: Verif ying and Adding Transactions
The Metaphor
Consequences
Consequences The Goal The Challenge The Idea How It Works: The Building Blocks
Validation Rules
Validation Rules for Transaction Data Validation Rules for Block Headers
Validation Rules for Transaction Data Validation Rules for Block Headers Reward Punishment Competition
Speed Competition Quality Competition
Speed Competition Quality Competition Peer Control
Validation Rules
Validation Rules for Transaction Data Validation Rules for Block Headers
Validation Rules for Transaction Data Validation Rules for Block Headers Reward Punishment Competition
Speed Competition Quality Competition
Speed Competition Quality Competition Peer Control How It Works: The Skeleton How It Works: The Details Why It Works Dealing with Dishonest Behavior Outlook Summary
The Metaphor
Consequences
Consequences The Goal The Challenge The Idea How It Works: The Building Blocks
Validation Rules
Validation Rules for Transaction Data Validation Rules for Block Headers
Validation Rules for Transaction Data Validation Rules for Block Headers Reward Punishment Competition
Speed Competition Quality Competition
Speed Competition Quality Competition Peer Control
Validation Rules
Validation Rules for Transaction Data Validation Rules for Block Headers
Validation Rules for Transaction Data Validation Rules for Block Headers Reward Punishment Competition
Speed Competition Quality Competition
Speed Competition Quality Competition Peer Control How It Works: The Skeleton How It Works: The Details Why It Works Dealing with Dishonest Behavior Outlook Summary Step 19: Choosing a Transaction History
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea How It Works
The Longest-Chain-Criterion The Heaviest-Chain-Criterion
The Longest-Chain-Criterion The Heaviest-Chain-Criterion Consequences of Selecting One Chain
Orphan Blocks Reclaimed Reward Clarifying Ownership Reprocessing of Transactions A Growing Common Trunk Eventual Consistency Robustness Against Manipulations
Orphan Blocks Reclaimed Reward Clarifying Ownership Reprocessing of Transactions A Growing Common Trunk Eventual Consistency Robustness Against Manipulations Threats to the Voting Schema The Role of the Hash Puzzle Why It Works Outlook Summary
The Metaphor The Goal The Challenge The Idea How It Works
The Longest-Chain-Criterion The Heaviest-Chain-Criterion
The Longest-Chain-Criterion The Heaviest-Chain-Criterion Consequences of Selecting One Chain
Orphan Blocks Reclaimed Reward Clarifying Ownership Reprocessing of Transactions A Growing Common Trunk Eventual Consistency Robustness Against Manipulations
Orphan Blocks Reclaimed Reward Clarifying Ownership Reprocessing of Transactions A Growing Common Trunk Eventual Consistency Robustness Against Manipulations Threats to the Voting Schema The Role of the Hash Puzzle Why It Works Outlook Summary Step 20: Paying for Integrity
The Metaphor The Role of Fees Within the Blockchain
Impact on the Integrity of the System Impact on the Openness of the System Impact on the Distributed Nature of the System Impact on the Philosophy of the System
Impact on the Integrity of the System Impact on the Openness of the System Impact on the Distributed Nature of the System Impact on the Philosophy of the System Desirable Properties of an Instrument of Payment for Compensating Peers A Detour to the Emergence of Cryptographic Currencies Outlook Summary
The Metaphor The Role of Fees Within the Blockchain
Impact on the Integrity of the System Impact on the Openness of the System Impact on the Distributed Nature of the System Impact on the Philosophy of the System
Impact on the Integrity of the System Impact on the Openness of the System Impact on the Distributed Nature of the System Impact on the Philosophy of the System Desirable Properties of an Instrument of Payment for Compensating Peers A Detour to the Emergence of Cryptographic Currencies Outlook Summary Step 21: Bringing the Pieces Together
Reviewing Concepts and Technologies What Is the Blockchain?
The Purpose of the Blockchain: Functional Aspects of the Application Layer
Clarifying Ownership Transferring Ownership
Clarifying Ownership Transferring Ownership Properties of the Blockchain: Nonfunctional Aspects
Highly Available Censorship Proof Reliable Open Pseudoanonymous Secure Resilient Eventually Consistent Keeping Integrity
Highly Available Censorship Proof Reliable Open Pseudoanonymous Secure Resilient Eventually Consistent Keeping Integrity Internal Functioning: Functional Aspects of the Implementation Layer
Ownership Logic Transaction Security Transaction Processing Logic Storage Logic Peer-to-Peer Architecture Consensus Logic
Ownership Logic Transaction Security Transaction Processing Logic Storage Logic Peer-to-Peer Architecture Consensus Logic
The Purpose of the Blockchain: Functional Aspects of the Application Layer
Clarifying Ownership Transferring Ownership
Clarifying Ownership Transferring Ownership Properties of the Blockchain: Nonfunctional Aspects
Highly Available Censorship Proof Reliable Open Pseudoanonymous Secure Resilient Eventually Consistent Keeping Integrity
Highly Available Censorship Proof Reliable Open Pseudoanonymous Secure Resilient Eventually Consistent Keeping Integrity Internal Functioning: Functional Aspects of the Implementation Layer
Ownership Logic Transaction Security Transaction Processing Logic Storage Logic Peer-to-Peer Architecture Consensus Logic
Ownership Logic Transaction Security Transaction Processing Logic Storage Logic Peer-to-Peer Architecture Consensus Logic Gaining Abstraction Outlook Summary
Reviewing Concepts and Technologies What Is the Blockchain?
The Purpose of the Blockchain: Functional Aspects of the Application Layer
Clarifying Ownership Transferring Ownership
Clarifying Ownership Transferring Ownership Properties of the Blockchain: Nonfunctional Aspects
Highly Available Censorship Proof Reliable Open Pseudoanonymous Secure Resilient Eventually Consistent Keeping Integrity
Highly Available Censorship Proof Reliable Open Pseudoanonymous Secure Resilient Eventually Consistent Keeping Integrity Internal Functioning: Functional Aspects of the Implementation Layer
Ownership Logic Transaction Security Transaction Processing Logic Storage Logic Peer-to-Peer Architecture Consensus Logic
Ownership Logic Transaction Security Transaction Processing Logic Storage Logic Peer-to-Peer Architecture Consensus Logic
The Purpose of the Blockchain: Functional Aspects of the Application Layer
Clarifying Ownership Transferring Ownership
Clarifying Ownership Transferring Ownership Properties of the Blockchain: Nonfunctional Aspects
Highly Available Censorship Proof Reliable Open Pseudoanonymous Secure Resilient Eventually Consistent Keeping Integrity
Highly Available Censorship Proof Reliable Open Pseudoanonymous Secure Resilient Eventually Consistent Keeping Integrity Internal Functioning: Functional Aspects of the Implementation Layer
Ownership Logic Transaction Security Transaction Processing Logic Storage Logic Peer-to-Peer Architecture Consensus Logic
Ownership Logic Transaction Security Transaction Processing Logic Storage Logic Peer-to-Peer Architecture Consensus Logic Gaining Abstraction Outlook Summary Stage IV: Limitations and How to Overcome Them
Step 22: Seeing the Limitations
The Challenge Technical Limitations of the Blockchain
Lack of Privacy The Security Model Limited Scalability High Costs Hidden Centrality Lack of Flexibility Critical Size
Lack of Privacy The Security Model Limited Scalability High Costs Hidden Centrality Lack of Flexibility Critical Size Nontechnical Limitations of the Blockchain
Lack of Legal Acceptance Lack of User Acceptance
Lack of Legal Acceptance Lack of User Acceptance Overcoming the Limitations
Technical Limitations Nontechnical Limitations
Technical Limitations Nontechnical Limitations Outlook Summary
The Challenge Technical Limitations of the Blockchain
Lack of Privacy The Security Model Limited Scalability High Costs Hidden Centrality Lack of Flexibility Critical Size
Lack of Privacy The Security Model Limited Scalability High Costs Hidden Centrality Lack of Flexibility Critical Size Nontechnical Limitations of the Blockchain
Lack of Legal Acceptance Lack of User Acceptance
Lack of Legal Acceptance Lack of User Acceptance Overcoming the Limitations
Technical Limitations Nontechnical Limitations
Technical Limitations Nontechnical Limitations Outlook Summary Step 23: Reinventing the Blockchain
The Metaphor Conflicting Goals of the Blockchain
Transparency vs. Privacy Security vs. Speed
Transparency vs. Privacy Security vs. Speed The Roots of the Conflicts Solving the Conflicts
Deciding on Transparency vs. Privacy Deciding on Security vs. Speed
Deciding on Transparency vs. Privacy Deciding on Security vs. Speed Four Versions of the Blockchain Consequences
The Peer-to-Peer Architecture The Distributed Nature Purpose
The Peer-to-Peer Architecture The Distributed Nature Purpose Reviewing the Purpose of the Blockchain The Usage of the Term Blockchain in the Remainder of This Book Outlook Summary
The Metaphor Conflicting Goals of the Blockchain
Transparency vs. Privacy Security vs. Speed
Transparency vs. Privacy Security vs. Speed The Roots of the Conflicts Solving the Conflicts
Deciding on Transparency vs. Privacy Deciding on Security vs. Speed
Deciding on Transparency vs. Privacy Deciding on Security vs. Speed Four Versions of the Blockchain Consequences
The Peer-to-Peer Architecture The Distributed Nature Purpose
The Peer-to-Peer Architecture The Distributed Nature Purpose Reviewing the Purpose of the Blockchain The Usage of the Term Blockchain in the Remainder of This Book Outlook Summary
Step 22: Seeing the Limitations
The Challenge Technical Limitations of the Blockchain
Lack of Privacy The Security Model Limited Scalability High Costs Hidden Centrality Lack of Flexibility Critical Size
Lack of Privacy The Security Model Limited Scalability High Costs Hidden Centrality Lack of Flexibility Critical Size Nontechnical Limitations of the Blockchain
Lack of Legal Acceptance Lack of User Acceptance
Lack of Legal Acceptance Lack of User Acceptance Overcoming the Limitations
Technical Limitations Nontechnical Limitations
Technical Limitations Nontechnical Limitations Outlook Summary
The Challenge Technical Limitations of the Blockchain
Lack of Privacy The Security Model Limited Scalability High Costs Hidden Centrality Lack of Flexibility Critical Size
Lack of Privacy The Security Model Limited Scalability High Costs Hidden Centrality Lack of Flexibility Critical Size Nontechnical Limitations of the Blockchain
Lack of Legal Acceptance Lack of User Acceptance
Lack of Legal Acceptance Lack of User Acceptance Overcoming the Limitations
Technical Limitations Nontechnical Limitations
Technical Limitations Nontechnical Limitations Outlook Summary Step 23: Reinventing the Blockchain
The Metaphor Conflicting Goals of the Blockchain
Transparency vs. Privacy Security vs. Speed
Transparency vs. Privacy Security vs. Speed The Roots of the Conflicts Solving the Conflicts
Deciding on Transparency vs. Privacy Deciding on Security vs. Speed
Deciding on Transparency vs. Privacy Deciding on Security vs. Speed Four Versions of the Blockchain Consequences
The Peer-to-Peer Architecture The Distributed Nature Purpose
The Peer-to-Peer Architecture The Distributed Nature Purpose Reviewing the Purpose of the Blockchain The Usage of the Term Blockchain in the Remainder of This Book Outlook Summary
The Metaphor Conflicting Goals of the Blockchain
Transparency vs. Privacy Security vs. Speed
Transparency vs. Privacy Security vs. Speed The Roots of the Conflicts Solving the Conflicts
Deciding on Transparency vs. Privacy Deciding on Security vs. Speed
Deciding on Transparency vs. Privacy Deciding on Security vs. Speed Four Versions of the Blockchain Consequences
The Peer-to-Peer Architecture The Distributed Nature Purpose
The Peer-to-Peer Architecture The Distributed Nature Purpose Reviewing the Purpose of the Blockchain The Usage of the Term Blockchain in the Remainder of This Book Outlook Summary Stage V: Using the Blockchain, Summary, and Outlook
Step 24: Using the Blockchain
The Metaphor Characteristics of the Blockchain Generic Application Patterns
Proof of Existence Proof of Nonexistence Proof of Time Proof of Order Proof of Identity Proof of Authorship Proof of Ownership
Proof of Existence Proof of Nonexistence Proof of Time Proof of Order Proof of Identity Proof of Authorship Proof of Ownership Specific Use Cases Analyzing Blockchain Applications
Are the Requirements for Using the Blockchain Fulfilled? What Kind of Blockchain Is Used? What Is the Added Value of Using the Purely Peer-to-Peer System? What Is the Application Idea? What Is the Business Case? How Are Peers Compensated for Contributing Resources to the System and Maintaining Integrity?
Are the Requirements for Using the Blockchain Fulfilled? What Kind of Blockchain Is Used? What Is the Added Value of Using the Purely Peer-to-Peer System? What Is the Application Idea? What Is the Business Case? How Are Peers Compensated for Contributing Resources to the System and Maintaining Integrity? Outlook Summary
The Metaphor Characteristics of the Blockchain Generic Application Patterns
Proof of Existence Proof of Nonexistence Proof of Time Proof of Order Proof of Identity Proof of Authorship Proof of Ownership
Proof of Existence Proof of Nonexistence Proof of Time Proof of Order Proof of Identity Proof of Authorship Proof of Ownership Specific Use Cases Analyzing Blockchain Applications
Are the Requirements for Using the Blockchain Fulfilled? What Kind of Blockchain Is Used? What Is the Added Value of Using the Purely Peer-to-Peer System? What Is the Application Idea? What Is the Business Case? How Are Peers Compensated for Contributing Resources to the System and Maintaining Integrity?
Are the Requirements for Using the Blockchain Fulfilled? What Kind of Blockchain Is Used? What Is the Added Value of Using the Purely Peer-to-Peer System? What Is the Application Idea? What Is the Business Case? How Are Peers Compensated for Contributing Resources to the System and Maintaining Integrity? Outlook Summary Step 25: Summarizing and Going Further
The Metaphor Further Developments and Alternatives
Minor Technical Improvements and Variations Improving Scalability Conceptual Evolutions
Access Rights Privacy Consensus Transactions Inventory Data Data Structure
Access Rights Privacy Consensus Transactions Inventory Data Data Structure
Minor Technical Improvements and Variations Improving Scalability Conceptual Evolutions
Access Rights Privacy Consensus Transactions Inventory Data Data Structure
Access Rights Privacy Consensus Transactions Inventory Data Data Structure Major Accomplishments of the Blockchain
Disintermediation Automation Standardization Streamlining Processes Increased Processing Speed Cost Reduction Shift Toward Trust in Protocols and Technology Making Trust a Commodity Increased Technology Awareness
Disintermediation Automation Standardization Streamlining Processes Increased Processing Speed Cost Reduction Shift Toward Trust in Protocols and Technology Making Trust a Commodity Increased Technology Awareness Possible Disadvantages
Lack of Privacy Loss of Responsibility Loss of Jobs Reintermediation
Lack of Privacy Loss of Responsibility Loss of Jobs Reintermediation The Future
Limited Enthusiast Projects Large-Scale Commercial Usage Governmental Projects
Limited Enthusiast Projects Large-Scale Commercial Usage Governmental Projects Outlook Summary
The Metaphor Further Developments and Alternatives
Minor Technical Improvements and Variations Improving Scalability Conceptual Evolutions
Access Rights Privacy Consensus Transactions Inventory Data Data Structure
Access Rights Privacy Consensus Transactions Inventory Data Data Structure
Minor Technical Improvements and Variations Improving Scalability Conceptual Evolutions
Access Rights Privacy Consensus Transactions Inventory Data Data Structure
Access Rights Privacy Consensus Transactions Inventory Data Data Structure Major Accomplishments of the Blockchain
Disintermediation Automation Standardization Streamlining Processes Increased Processing Speed Cost Reduction Shift Toward Trust in Protocols and Technology Making Trust a Commodity Increased Technology Awareness
Disintermediation Automation Standardization Streamlining Processes Increased Processing Speed Cost Reduction Shift Toward Trust in Protocols and Technology Making Trust a Commodity Increased Technology Awareness Possible Disadvantages
Lack of Privacy Loss of Responsibility Loss of Jobs Reintermediation
Lack of Privacy Loss of Responsibility Loss of Jobs Reintermediation The Future
Limited Enthusiast Projects Large-Scale Commercial Usage Governmental Projects
Limited Enthusiast Projects Large-Scale Commercial Usage Governmental Projects Outlook Summary
Step 24: Using the Blockchain
The Metaphor Characteristics of the Blockchain Generic Application Patterns
Proof of Existence Proof of Nonexistence Proof of Time Proof of Order Proof of Identity Proof of Authorship Proof of Ownership
Proof of Existence Proof of Nonexistence Proof of Time Proof of Order Proof of Identity Proof of Authorship Proof of Ownership Specific Use Cases Analyzing Blockchain Applications
Are the Requirements for Using the Blockchain Fulfilled? What Kind of Blockchain Is Used? What Is the Added Value of Using the Purely Peer-to-Peer System? What Is the Application Idea? What Is the Business Case? How Are Peers Compensated for Contributing Resources to the System and Maintaining Integrity?
Are the Requirements for Using the Blockchain Fulfilled? What Kind of Blockchain Is Used? What Is the Added Value of Using the Purely Peer-to-Peer System? What Is the Application Idea? What Is the Business Case? How Are Peers Compensated for Contributing Resources to the System and Maintaining Integrity? Outlook Summary
The Metaphor Characteristics of the Blockchain Generic Application Patterns
Proof of Existence Proof of Nonexistence Proof of Time Proof of Order Proof of Identity Proof of Authorship Proof of Ownership
Proof of Existence Proof of Nonexistence Proof of Time Proof of Order Proof of Identity Proof of Authorship Proof of Ownership Specific Use Cases Analyzing Blockchain Applications
Are the Requirements for Using the Blockchain Fulfilled? What Kind of Blockchain Is Used? What Is the Added Value of Using the Purely Peer-to-Peer System? What Is the Application Idea? What Is the Business Case? How Are Peers Compensated for Contributing Resources to the System and Maintaining Integrity?
Are the Requirements for Using the Blockchain Fulfilled? What Kind of Blockchain Is Used? What Is the Added Value of Using the Purely Peer-to-Peer System? What Is the Application Idea? What Is the Business Case? How Are Peers Compensated for Contributing Resources to the System and Maintaining Integrity? Outlook Summary Step 25: Summarizing and Going Further
The Metaphor Further Developments and Alternatives
Minor Technical Improvements and Variations Improving Scalability Conceptual Evolutions
Access Rights Privacy Consensus Transactions Inventory Data Data Structure
Access Rights Privacy Consensus Transactions Inventory Data Data Structure
Minor Technical Improvements and Variations Improving Scalability Conceptual Evolutions
Access Rights Privacy Consensus Transactions Inventory Data Data Structure
Access Rights Privacy Consensus Transactions Inventory Data Data Structure Major Accomplishments of the Blockchain
Disintermediation Automation Standardization Streamlining Processes Increased Processing Speed Cost Reduction Shift Toward Trust in Protocols and Technology Making Trust a Commodity Increased Technology Awareness
Disintermediation Automation Standardization Streamlining Processes Increased Processing Speed Cost Reduction Shift Toward Trust in Protocols and Technology Making Trust a Commodity Increased Technology Awareness Possible Disadvantages
Lack of Privacy Loss of Responsibility Loss of Jobs Reintermediation
Lack of Privacy Loss of Responsibility Loss of Jobs Reintermediation The Future
Limited Enthusiast Projects Large-Scale Commercial Usage Governmental Projects
Limited Enthusiast Projects Large-Scale Commercial Usage Governmental Projects Outlook Summary
The Metaphor Further Developments and Alternatives
Minor Technical Improvements and Variations Improving Scalability Conceptual Evolutions
Access Rights Privacy Consensus Transactions Inventory Data Data Structure
Access Rights Privacy Consensus Transactions Inventory Data Data Structure
Minor Technical Improvements and Variations Improving Scalability Conceptual Evolutions
Access Rights Privacy Consensus Transactions Inventory Data Data Structure
Access Rights Privacy Consensus Transactions Inventory Data Data Structure Major Accomplishments of the Blockchain
Disintermediation Automation Standardization Streamlining Processes Increased Processing Speed Cost Reduction Shift Toward Trust in Protocols and Technology Making Trust a Commodity Increased Technology Awareness
Disintermediation Automation Standardization Streamlining Processes Increased Processing Speed Cost Reduction Shift Toward Trust in Protocols and Technology Making Trust a Commodity Increased Technology Awareness Possible Disadvantages
Lack of Privacy Loss of Responsibility Loss of Jobs Reintermediation
Lack of Privacy Loss of Responsibility Loss of Jobs Reintermediation The Future
Limited Enthusiast Projects Large-Scale Commercial Usage Governmental Projects
Limited Enthusiast Projects Large-Scale Commercial Usage Governmental Projects Outlook Summary Index
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