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Index
Contents
The nature and scope of this work
Part I. Roberto Mangabeira Unger
1. The science of the one universe in time
THE SINGULAR EXISTENCE OF THE UNIVERSE
THE INCLUSIVE REALITY OF TIME
THE SELECTIVE REALISM OF MATHEMATICS
THE FIRST COSMOLOGICAL FALLACY
THE SECOND COSMOLOGICAL FALLACY
CAUSALITY WITHOUT LAWS
2. The context and consequences of the argument
THE ARGUMENT AND RECENT PHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY
THE ARGUMENT AND THE PHYSICS OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
THE ARGUMENT AND NATURAL HISTORY
THE ARGUMENT AND SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL STUDY
REINVENTING NATURAL PHILOSOPHY
WHAT IS AT STAKE
3. The singular existence of the universe
THE CONCEPTION OF THE SINGULAR EXISTENCE OF THE UNIVERSE INTRODUCED
ARGUMENTS FOR THE SINGULAR EXISTENCE OF THE UNIVERSE
IMPLICATIONS FOR THE AGENDA OF COSMOLOGY
THE FINITE AND THE INFINITE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE UNIVERSE
THE INITIAL CONDITIONS OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSE
THE UNEXPLAINED CONSTANTS OF NATURE
4. The inclusive reality of time
THE PROBLEM PRESENTED: HOW MUCH OF NATURE EXISTS IN TIME?
THE ARGUMENT IN SCIENCE AND NATURAL PHILOSOPHY
TIME AS THE TRANSFORMATION OF TRANSFORMATION
ATTRIBUTES OF TIME: NON-EMERGENT, GLOBAL, IRREVERSIBLE, AND CONTINUOUS
THE PROTO-ONTOLOGICAL ASSUMPTIONS OF THIS VIEW OF TIME
THE IDEA OF THE INCLUSIVE REALITY OF TIME RESTATED
FROM BEING TO BECOMING
5. The mutability of the laws of nature
CHANGING LAWS
THE CONUNDRUM OF THE META-LAWS
THE PROBLEM OF CAUSATION IN THE EARLY UNIVERSE REVISITED
THE BEST HOPE FOR RESOLVING THE CONUNDRUM OF THE META-LAWS
FROM SPECULATIVE CONCEPTION TO EMPIRICAL INQUIRY
IMPLICATIONS OF THE INCLUSIVE REALITY OF TIME FOR SOME FUNDAMENTAL IDEAS
Causes and laws
Necessity and contingency
Possibility
6. The Selective Realism of Mathematics
THE PROBLEM
MATHEMATICS AS DISCOVERY AND MATHEMATICS AS INVENTION
THE ATTRIBUTES OF MATHEMATICS
THE HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS RECONSIDERED: SOARING ABOVE THE WORLD WITHOUT ESCAPING IT
THE HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS RECONSIDERED: RIGHT AND WRONG IN HILBERT'S PROGRAM
A DEFLATIONARY AND NATURALISTIC VIEW OF MATHEMATICS
Part II. Lee Smolin
1. Cosmology in crisis
THE CRISIS INTRODUCED
TEMPORAL NATURALISM
NATURALISM IS AN ETHICAL STANCE
2. Principles for a cosmological theory
THE ROOTS OF RELATIONALISM
THE NEWTONIAN PARADIGM
THE FAILURE OF THE NEWTONIAN PARADIGM WHEN APPLIED TO COSMOLOGY
THE FAILURE OF THE NEWTONIAN PARADIGM TO SATISFY THE PRINCIPLES FOR A COSMOLOGICAL THEORY
THE FAILURE OF THE NEWTONIAN PARADIGM FOR ELEMENTARY EVENTS
Reductionism and its limits
The uniqueness of fundamental events
RELATIONALISM AND ITS LIMITS: RELATIONAL VERSUS INTRINSIC PROPERTIES
Two relational paths to general relativity: Einstein and shape dynamics
Relational purism
Dynamical pairings and relational versus intrinsic properties
The Newtonian paradigm from the viewpoint of temporal naturalism
3. The setting: the puzzles of contemporary cosmology
THE MESSAGE OF THE DATA FROM PARTICLE PHYSICS
THE MESSAGE OF THE LARGE-SCALE ASTRONOMICAL DATA
WHAT QUESTIONS ARE IMPERATIVE, GIVEN THE DATA?
WHAT FEATURES OF THE STANDARD COSMOLOGICAL MODEL ARE UNCONSTRAINED BY THE DATA?
What happened at very early times ?
Brief review of the singularity theorems
The meaning of the singularity theorems
WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO THE FAR FUTURE OF OUR UNIVERSE?
WHAT IS VERY FAR AWAY FROM US, OUTSIDE THE COSMOLOGICAL HORIZON?
4. Hypotheses for a new cosmology
THE UNIQUENESS OF THE UNIVERSE
THE REALITY OF TIME
DOES A REAL TIME CONFLICT WITH THE RELATIVITY OF SIMULTANEITY?
5. Mathematics
A NEW CONCEPTION: MATHEMATICS AS EVOKED REALITY
THE REASONABLE EFFECTIVENESS OF MATHEMATICS IN PHYSICS
THE UNREASONABLE EFFECTIVENESS OF MATHEMATICS IN MATHEMATICS
THE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICS
WHY IS MATHEMATICS EFFECTIVE IN PHYSICS?
6. Approaches to solving the meta-law dilemma
THREE OPTIONS FOR GLOBAL STRUCTURE OF THE LARGER UNIVERSE
PROSPECTS FOR A SOLUTION OF THE LANDSCAPE PROBLEM IN THE THREE SCENARIOS
Linear cyclic models
Branching models
Branching cyclic cosmologies
COSMOLOGICAL NATURAL SELECTION
PLURALISTIC COSMOLOGICAL SCENARIOS
PRINCIPLE OF PRECEDENCE
UNIVERSALITY OF META-LAW: REDUCING THE CHOICE OF LAWS TO CHOICES OF INITIAL CONDITIONS
THE UNIFICATION OF LAW AND STATE
7. Implications of temporal naturalism for the philosophy of mind
TWO SPECULATIVE PROPOSALS REGARDING QUALIA
8. An agenda for science
THE AGENDA FOR OBSERVATIONAL COSMOLOGY
CAN THE LAWS OF NATURE BE OBSERVED TO CHANGE?
THE AGENDA FOR QUANTUM FOUNDATIONS
THE EXISTENCE OF A PREFERRED GLOBAL TIME
THE AGENDA FOR EXPLAINING THE ARROWS OF TIME
THE AGENDA FOR QUANTUM GRAVITY
THE MAIN CHALLENGE: RESOLVING THE META-LAWS AND COSMOLOGICAL DILEMMAS
9. Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
References
A note concerning disagreements between our views
Index
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