Pro Python · 2nd Edition by Alchin, Marty -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Copyright Contents at a Glance Contents About the Authors About the Technical Reviewer Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1: Principles and Philosophy

The Zen of Python

Beautiful Is Better Than Ugly Explicit Is Better Than Implicit Simple Is Better Than Complex Complex Is Better Than Complicated Flat Is Better Than Nested Sparse Is Better Than Dense Readability Counts Special Cases Aren’t Special Enough to Break the Rules Although Practicality Beats Purity Errors Should Never Pass Silently Unless Explicitly Silenced In the Face of Ambiguity, Refuse the Temptation to Guess There Should Be One—and Preferably Only One—Obvious Way to Do It Although That Way May Not Be Obvious at First Unless You’re Dutch Now Is Better Than Never Although Never Is Often Better Than Right Now If the Implementation Is Hard to Explain, It’s a Bad Idea If the Implementation Is Easy to Explain, It May Be a Good Idea Namespaces Are One Honking Great Idea—Let’s Do More of Those!

Don’t Repeat Yourself Loose Coupling The Samurai Principle The Pareto Principle The Robustness Principle Backward Compatibility The Road to Python 3.0 Taking It With You

Chapter 2: Advanced Basics

General Concepts

Iteration Caching Transparency

Control Flow

Catching Exceptions Exception Chains When Everything Goes Right Proceeding Regardless of Exceptions Optimizing Loops The with Statement Conditional Expressions

Iteration

Sequence Unpacking List Comprehensions Generator Expressions Set Comprehensions Dictionary Comprehensions Chaining Iterables Together Zipping Iterables Together

Collections

Sets Named Tuples Ordered Dictionaries Dictionaries with Defaults

Importing Code

Fallback Imports Importing from the Future Using __all__ to Customize Imports Relative Imports The __import__( ) function The importlib module

Taking It With You

Chapter 3: Functions

Arguments

Planning for Flexibility Variable Positional Arguments Variable Keyword Arguments Combining Different Kinds of Arguments Invoking Functions with Variable Arguments Preloading Arguments Introspection Example: Identifying Argument Values Example: A More Concise Version Example: Validating Arguments

Decorators

Closures Wrappers Decorators with Arguments Decorators with—or without—Arguments Example: Memoization Example: A Decorator to Create Decorators

Function Annotations

Example: Type Safety Factoring Out the Boilerplate Example: Type Coercion Annotating with Decorators Example: Type Safety as a Decorator

Generators Lambdas Introspection

Identifying Object Types Modules and Packages Docstrings

Taking It with You

Chapter 4: Classes

Inheritance

Multiple Inheritance Method Resolution Order Example: C3 Algorithm Using super() to Pass Control to Other Classes Introspection

How Classes Are Created

Creating Classes at Runtime Metaclasses Example: Plugin Framework Controlling the Namespace

Attributes

Properties Descriptors

Methods

Unbound Methods Bound Methods Class Methods Static Methods Assigning Functions to Classes and Instances

Magic Methods

Creating Instances Example: Automatic Subclasses Dealing with Attributes String Representations

Taking It With You

Chapter 5: Common Protocols

Basic Operations

Mathematical Operations Bitwise Operations Variations

Numbers

Sign Operations Comparison Operations

Iterables

Example: Repeatable Generators

Sequences Mappings Callables Context Managers Taking It With You

Chapter 6: Object Management

Namespace Dictionary

Example: Borg Pattern Example: Self-Caching Properties

Garbage Collection

Reference Counting Cyclical References Weak References

Pickling Copying

Shallow Copies Deep Copies

Taking It With You

Chapter 7: Strings

Bytes

Simple Conversion: chr( ) and ord( ) Complex Conversion: The Struct Module

Text

Unicode Encodings

Simple Substitution Formatting

Looking Up Values Within Objects Distinguishing Types of Strings Standard Format Specification Example: Plain Text Table of Contents Custom Format Specification

Taking It With You

Chapter 8: Documentation

Proper Naming Comments Docstrings

Describe What the Function Does Explain the Arguments Don’t Forget the Return Value Include Any Expected Exceptions

Documentation Outside the Code

Installation and Configuration Tutorials Reference Documents

Documentation Utilities

Formatting Links Sphinx

Taking It With You

Chapter 9: Testing

Test-Driven Development Doctests

Formatting Code Representing Output Integrating With Documentation Running Tests

The unittest Module

Setting Up Writing Tests Other Comparisons Testing Strings and Other Sequence Content Testing Exceptions Testing Identity Tearing Down

Providing a Custom Test Class

Changing Test Behavior

Taking It With You

Chapter 10: Distribution

Licensing

GNU General Public License Affero General Public License GNU Lesser General Public License Berkeley Software Distribution License Other Licenses

Packaging

setup.py MANIFEST.in The sdist Command

Distribution Taking It With You

Chapter 11: Sheets: A CSV Framework

Building a Declarative Framework

Introducing Declarative Programming To Build or Not to Build?

Building the Framework

Managing Options Defining Fields Attaching a Field to a Class Adding a Metaclass Bringing It Together

Ordering Fields

DeclarativeMeta.__prepare__() Column.__init__() Column.__new__() CounterMeta.__call__() Choosing an Option

Building a Field Library

StringField IntegerColumn FloatColumn DecimalColumn DateColumn

Getting Back to CSV

Checking Arguments Populating Values The Reader The Writer

Taking It With You

Appendix A: Style Guide for Python

Introduction A Foolish Consistency Is the Hobgoblin of Little Minds Code Layout

Indentation Tabs or Spaces? Maximum Line Length Blank Lines Encodings (PEP 263)

Imports Whitespace in Expressions and Statements

Pet Peeves Other Recommendations

Comments

Block Comments Inline Comments

Documentation Strings Version Bookkeeping Naming Conventions

Descriptive: Naming Styles Prescriptive: Naming Conventions

Programming Recommendations Copyright

Appendix B: Voting Guidelines

Abstract Rationale Voting Scores Copyright

Appendix C: The Zen of Python

Abstract The Zen of Python Easter Egg Copyright

Appendix D: Docstring Conventions

Abstract Rationale Specification

What Is a Docstring? One-Line Docstrings Multiline Docstrings Handling Docstring Indentation

Appendix E: Backward Compatibility Policy

Abstract Rationale Backward Compatibility Rules Making Incompatible Changes Copyright

Appendix F: Python 3000

Abstract Naming PEP Numbering Timeline Compatibility and Transition Implementation Language Meta-Contributions Copyright

Appendix G: Python Language Moratorium

Abstract Rationale Details

Cannot Change Case-by-Case Exemptions Allowed to Change

Retroactive Extensions Copyright

Index

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