Methods of Argumentation by Walton, Douglas -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Methods of Argumentation Title page Copyright page Dedication Contents Acknowledgments 1 Introducing Some Basic Concepts and Tools

1. Logical Argumentation as a Distinctive Theory 2. The Methods and the Theory 3. Argumentation Schemes 4. Dialectical Structure 5. Rationale and Araucaria 6. An Example of Refutation 7. The ArguMed System 8. The Carneades Argumentation System 9. Conclusions 10. Problems Investigated Next

2 Argument Attack, Rebuttal, Refutation and Defeat

1. Questions about Attack, Rebuttal, Objection and Refutation 2. Abstract Argumentation Frameworks 3. Socratic Refutation Dialogues 4. Internal and External Refutation 5. Argumentation Schemes and Critical Questions 6. Managing Critical Questions with Carneades 7. How Carneades Models Attacks and Rebuttals 8. How Carneades Models Relevance 9. Classifying Objections, Rebuttals and Refutations

3 Arguments with Missing Parts

1. Survey of the Recent Literature on Enthymemes 2. Historical Background on the Enthymeme 3. A Reorientation of the Problem 4. The Free Animals Example 5. The Global Warming Example 6. The Yogurt Example 7. The Signal Light Example 8. Lessons Learned from the Examples 9. Refining the Notion of an Argument 10. Conclusions

4 Applying Argumentation Schemes

1. Teaching Students of Informal Logic How to Identify Arguments 2. Review of Argumentation Schemes 3. Schemes for Practical Reasoning and Arguments from Consequences 4. The Sunk Costs Argument 5. Slippery Slope Arguments 6. Classification of Schemes 7. Research on Argument Mining in Artificial Intelligence 8. Identification Requirements for Types of Arguments 9. Argument Mining as an Informal Logic Method 10. Conclusions

5 Similarity, Precedent and Argument from Analogy

1. The Wild Animal Cases and the Baseball Case 2. Arguments from Analogy and Precedent in Law 3. Arguments from Classification and Definition 4. Similarity 5. Scripts and Stories 6. Modeling the Sequence Template as a Story Scheme 7. Dialectical Aspects of Argument from Analogy 8. Two Other Test Cases and Their Implications 9. Reconfiguring the Schemes 10. Conclusions

6 Teleological Argumentation to and from Motives

1. Some Short Examples and an Introductory Survey 2. Relevance of Motive Evidence and Character Evidence 3. Inference to the Best Explanation 4. Stories and Explanations 5. Who Shot the Sheriff? 6. Going from Argument to Explanation to Motive 7. Matters of Argument Evaluation 8. Wigmore’s Theory 9. Framework of Motive Evidence 10. Conclusions and Further Research Directions

7 The Carneades Model of Scientific Discovery and Inquiry

1. The Carneades Argumentation System 2. The Cure for Anemia Case 3. Causal Argumentation 4. Inquiry Dialogue 5. Peirce and Popper on the Inquiry 6. The Carneades Model of Inquiry 7. Discovery Dialogue 8. Dialectical Shifts 9. Burdens and Standards of Proof 10. Conclusions

8 Fallacies, Heuristics and Sophistical Tactics

1. Theories of Fallacy 2. Argumentation Schemes and Fallacies 3. Defeasible Reasoning 4. Default Logics 5. Dialogue Systems and Fallacies 6. Profiles of Dialogue 7. Dialogue Conditions for Defeasible Arguments 8. The Fallacy of Secundum Quid 9. Lack of Knowledge Inferences 10. Conclusions

9 The Straw Man Fallacy

1. What Is the Straw Man Fallacy? 2. The Beer and Wine Example 3. The School Prayer Example 4. Some Other Kinds of Examples 5. Rules for Determination of Commitment in Dialogue 6. Commitment Query Inference Engines 7. Looking at the Text and Context of Cases 8. Additional Components of the Commitment Search Tool 9. Are There Variants of the Straw Man Fallacy? 10. Other Fallacies Related to Straw Man

Bibliography Index