Learning PHP, MySQL, JavaScript, and CSS by Nixon, Robin -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Learning PHP, MySQL, JavaScript, and CSS, 2E Dedication Preface

Audience Assumptions This Book Makes Organization of This Book Supporting Books Conventions Used in This Book Using Code Examples Safari® Books Online How to Contact Us Acknowledgments Content Updates

April 12, 2013

1. Introduction to Dynamic Web Content

HTTP and HTML: Berners-Lee’s Basics

The Request/Response Procedure

The Benefits of PHP, MySQL, JavaScript, and CSS

Using PHP Using MySQL Using JavaScript Using CSS

The Apache Web Server About Open Source Bringing It All Together Test Your Knowledge

2. Setting Up a Development Server

What Is a WAMP, MAMP, or LAMP? Installing a WAMP on Windows

Testing the Installation Alternative WAMPs

Installing a MAMP on Mac OS X

Configuring MySQL

Ensuring MySQL starts on booting

Testing the Installation

Installing a LAMP on Linux Working Remotely

Logging In Using FTP

Using a Program Editor Using an IDE Questions

3. Introduction to PHP

Incorporating PHP Within HTML

Calling the PHP Parser

This Book’s Examples The Structure of PHP

Using Comments Basic Syntax

Semicolons The $ symbol

Understanding Variables

String variables Numeric variables Arrays Two-dimensional arrays Variable naming rules

Operators

Arithmetic operators Assignment operators Comparison operators Logical operators

Variable Assignment

Variable incrementing and decrementing String concatenation String types Escaping characters

Multiple-Line Commands Variable Typing Constants

Predefined constants

The Difference Between the echo and print Commands Functions Variable Scope

Local variables Global variables Static variables Superglobal variables Superglobals and security

Test Your Knowledge

4. Expressions and Control Flow in PHP

Expressions

Literals and Variables

Operators

Operator Precedence Associativity Relational Operators

Equality operators Comparison operators Logical operators

Conditionals

The if Statement The else Statement The elseif Statement The switch Statement

Breaking out Default action Alternative syntax

The ? Operator

Looping

while Loops do…while Loops for Loops Breaking Out of a Loop The continue Statement

Implicit and Explicit Casting PHP Dynamic Linking

Dynamic Linking in Action

Test Your Knowledge

5. PHP Functions and Objects

PHP Functions

Defining a Function Returning a Value Returning an Array Passing by Reference Returning Global Variables Recap of Variable Scope

Including and Requiring Files

The include Statement Using include_once Using require and require_once

PHP Version Compatibility PHP Objects

Terminology Declaring a Class Creating an Object Accessing Objects

Cloning objects

Constructors

PHP 5 destructors

Writing Methods

Static methods in PHP 5

Declaring Properties Declaring Constants Property and Method Scope in PHP 5

Static properties and methods

Inheritance

The parent operator Subclass constructors Final methods

Test Your Knowledge

6. PHP Arrays

Basic Access

Numerically Indexed Arrays Associative Arrays Assignment Using the array Keyword

The foreach...as Loop Multidimensional Arrays Using Array Functions

is_array count sort shuffle explode extract compact reset end

Test Your Knowledge

7. Practical PHP

Using printf

Precision Setting String Padding Using sprintf

Date and Time Functions

Date Constants Using checkdate

File Handling

Checking Whether a File Exists Creating a File Reading from Files Copying Files Moving a File Deleting a File Updating Files Locking Files for Multiple Accesses Reading an Entire File Uploading Files

Using $_FILES Validation

System Calls XHTML

The Benefits of XHTML XHTML Versions What’s Different? HTML 4.01 Document Types The HTML5 Document Type XHTML 1.0 Document Types XHTML Validation

Test Your Knowledge

8. Introduction to MySQL

MySQL Basics Summary of Database Terms Accessing MySQL via the Command Line

Starting the Command-Line Interface

Windows users OS X users Linux users MySQL on a remote server

Using the Command-Line Interface

The semicolon Canceling a command

MySQL Commands

Creating a database Creating users Creating a table

Data Types

The CHAR data type The BINARY data type The TEXT and VARCHAR data types The BLOB data type Numeric data types DATE and TIME The AUTO_INCREMENT data type Adding data to a table Renaming a table Changing the data type of a column Adding a new column Renaming a column Removing a column Deleting a table

Indexes

Creating an Index

Using CREATE INDEX Adding indexes when creating tables Primary keys Creating a FULLTEXT index

Querying a MySQL Database

SELECT SELECT COUNT SELECT DISTINCT DELETE WHERE LIMIT MATCH...AGAINST MATCH…AGAINST…IN BOOLEAN MODE UPDATE…SET ORDER BY GROUP BY

Joining Tables Together

NATURAL JOIN JOIN...ON Using AS

Using Logical Operators

MySQL Functions Accessing MySQL via phpMyAdmin

Windows Users OS X Users Linux Users Using phpMyAdmin

Test Your Knowledge

9. Mastering MySQL

Database Design

Primary Keys: The Keys to Relational Databases

Normalization

First Normal Form Second Normal Form Third Normal Form When Not to Use Normalization

Relationships

One-to-One One-to-Many Many-to-Many Databases and Anonymity

Transactions

Transaction Storage Engines Using BEGIN Using COMMIT Using ROLLBACK

Using EXPLAIN Backing Up and Restoring

Using mysqldump Creating a Backup File

Backing up a single table Backing up all tables

Restoring from a Backup File Dumping Data in CSV Format Planning Your Backups

Test Your Knowledge

10. Accessing MySQL Using PHP

Querying a MySQL Database with PHP

The Process Creating a Login File Connecting to MySQL

Selecting a database Building and executing a query Fetching a result Fetching a row Closing a connection

A Practical Example

The $_POST Array Deleting a Record Displaying the Form Querying the Database Running the Program

Practical MySQL

Creating a Table Describing a Table Dropping a Table Adding Data Retrieving Data Updating Data Deleting Data Using AUTO_INCREMENT

Using insert IDs Using locks

Performing Additional Queries Preventing SQL Injection

Using placeholders

Preventing HTML Injection

Test Your Knowledge

11. Form Handling

Building Forms Retrieving Submitted Data

register_globals: An Old Solution Hangs On Default Values Input Types

Text boxes Text areas Checkboxes Radio buttons Hidden fields Select Labels The submit button

Sanitizing Input

An Example Program Test Your Knowledge

12. Cookies, Sessions, and Authentication

Using Cookies in PHP

Setting a Cookie Accessing a Cookie Destroying a Cookie

HTTP Authentication

Storing Usernames and Passwords Salting

Using Sessions

Starting a Session Ending a Session

Setting a timeout

Session Security

Preventing session hijacking Preventing session fixation Forcing cookie-only sessions Using a shared server

Test Your Knowledge

13. Exploring JavaScript

JavaScript and HTML Text

Using Scripts Within a Document Head Older and Nonstandard Browsers Including JavaScript Files Debugging JavaScript Errors

Using Comments Semicolons Variables

String Variables Numeric Variables Arrays

Operators

Arithmetic Operators Assignment Operators Comparison Operators Logical Operators Variable Incrementing and Decrementing String Concatenation Escaping Characters

Variable Typing Functions Global Variables

Local Variables

The Document Object Model (DOM)

But It’s Not That Simple

Another use for the $

Using the DOM

Test Your Knowledge

14. Expressions and Control Flow in JavaScript

Expressions

Literals and Variables

Operators

Operator Precedence Associativity Relational Operators

Equality operators Comparison operators Logical operators

The with Statement Using onerror Using try...catch Conditionals

The if Statement

The else statement

The switch statement

Breaking out Default action

The ? Operator

Looping

while Loops do…while Loops for Loops Breaking Out of a Loop The continue Statement

Explicit Casting Test Your Knowledge

15. JavaScript Functions, Objects, and Arrays

JavaScript Functions

Defining a Function

The arguments array

Returning a Value Returning an Array

JavaScript Objects

Declaring a Class Creating an Object Accessing Objects The prototype Keyword

Static methods and properties Extending JavaScript objects

JavaScript Arrays

Numeric Arrays

Assigning element values Assignment using the Array keyword

Associative Arrays Multidimensional Arrays Using Array Methods

concat forEach (for non-IE browsers) forEach (a cross-browser solution) join push and pop Using reverse sort

Test Your Knowledge

16. JavaScript and PHP Validation and Error Handling

Validating User Input with JavaScript

The validate.html Document (Part One)

How it works

The validate.html Document (Part Two)

Validating the forename Validating the surname Validating the username Validating the password Validating the age Validating the email address Using a separate JavaScript file

Regular Expressions

Matching Through Metacharacters Fuzzy Character Matching Grouping Through Parentheses Character Classes

Indicating a range Negation

Some More Complicated Examples Summary of Metacharacters General Modifiers Using Regular Expressions in JavaScript Using Regular Expressions in PHP

Redisplaying a Form After PHP Validation Test Your Knowledge

17. Using Ajax

What Is Ajax? Using XMLHttpRequest Implementing Ajax via POST Requests

The readyState Property The Server Half of the Ajax Process

Using GET Instead of POST Sending XML Requests

About XML Why Use XML?

Using Frameworks for Ajax Test Your Knowledge

18. Introduction to CSS

Importing a Style Sheet

Importing a Style Sheet from Within HTML

Embedded Style Settings

Using IDs Using Classes

CSS Rules

Using Semicolons Multiple Assignments Using Comments

Style Types

Default Styles User Styles External Style Sheets Internal Styles Inline Styles

CSS Selectors

The Type Selector The Descendant Selector The Child Selector The Adjacent Sibling Selector The ID Selector

Reusing IDs

The Class Selector

Narrowing class scope

The Attribute Selector The Universal Selector Selecting by Group

The CSS Cascade

Style Sheet Creators Style Sheet Methods Style Sheet Selectors

Calculating specificity Using a different number base Some rules are more equal than others

The Difference Between <div> and <span> Measurements Fonts and Typography

font-family font-style font-size font-weight

Managing Text Styles

Decoration Spacing Alignment Transformation Indenting

CSS Colors

Short Color Strings Gradients

Positioning Elements

Absolute Positioning Relative Positioning Fixed Positioning Comparing Positioning Types

Pseudoclasses Pseudoelements Shorthand Rules The Box Model and Layout

Setting Margins Applying Borders Adjusting Padding Object Contents

Test Your Knowledge

19. Advanced CSS with CSS3

Attribute Selectors

Matching Parts of Strings

The ^ operator The $ operator The * operator

The box-sizing Property CSS3 Backgrounds

The background-clip Property The background-origin Property The background-size Property

Using the auto value

Multiple Backgrounds

CSS3 Borders

The border-color Property The border-radius Property

Box Shadows Element Overflow Multicolumn Layout Colors and Opacity

HSL Colors HSLA Colors RGB Colors RGBA Colors The opacity Property

Text Effects

The text-shadow Property The text-overflow Property The word-wrap Property

Web Fonts

Google Web Fonts

Transformations Transitions

Properties to Transition Transition Duration Transition Delay Transition Timing Shorthand Syntax

Test Your Knowledge

20. Accessing CSS from JavaScript

Revisiting the getElementById Function

The O Function The S Function The C Function

Using the C function

Including the Functions

Accessing CSS Properties from JavaScript

Some Common Properties Other Properties

Inline JavaScript

The this Keyword Attaching Events to Objects in a Script Attaching to Other Events

Adding New Elements

Removing Elements Alternatives to Adding and Removing Elements

Using Interrupts

Using setTimeout

Passing a string Repeating timeouts

Canceling a Timeout Using setInterval

Using the function Canceling an interval

Using Interrupts for Animation

Test Your Knowledge

21. Bringing It All Together

Designing a Social Networking Site On the Website functions.php

The Functions

header.php setup.php index.php signup.php

Checking for Username Availability

checkuser.php login.php profile.php

Adding the “About Me” Text Adding a Profile Image Processing the Image Displaying the Current Profile

members.php

Viewing a User’s Profile Adding and Dropping Friends Listing All Members

friends.php messages.php logout.php styles.css

A. Solutions to the Chapter Questions

Chapter 1 Answers Chapter 2 Answers Chapter 3 Answers Chapter 4 Answers Chapter 5 Answers Chapter 6 Answers Chapter 7 Answers Chapter 8 Answers Chapter 9 Answers Chapter 10 Answers Chapter 11 Answers Chapter 12 Answers Chapter 13 Answers Chapter 14 Answers Chapter 15 Answers Chapter 16 Answers Chapter 17 Answers Chapter 18 Answers Chapter 19 Answers Chapter 20 Answers

B. Online Resources

PHP Resource Sites MySQL Resource Sites JavaScript Resource Sites Ajax Resource Sites Miscellaneous Resource Sites O’Reilly Resource Sites

C. MySQL’s FULLTEXT Stopwords D. MySQL Functions

String Functions

CONCAT() CONCAT_WS() LEFT() RIGHT() MID() LENGTH() LPAD() RPAD LOCATE() LOWER() UPPER() QUOTE() REPEAT() REPLACE() TRIM() LTRIM() and RTRIM()

Date Functions

CURDATE() DATE() DATE_ADD() DATE_FORMAT() DAY() DAYNAME() DAYOFWEEK() DAYOFYEAR() LAST_DAY() MAKEDATE() MONTH() MONTHNAME() SYSDATE() YEAR() WEEK() WEEKDAY()

Time Functions

CURTIME() HOUR() MINUTE() SECOND() MAKETIME() TIMEDIFF() UNIX_TIMESTAMP() FROM_UNIXTIME()

Index About the Author Colophon Copyright

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