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Index
Tables, Figures, Boxes, and Maps About the Authors Preface Introduction
Political Values A Science of Politics Political Wisdom The Future of Politics and Political Science
PART I • RULES OF THE GAME
Chapter 1 • Games Politicans Play
The Game of Politics
Elements of the Game The Destruction-Accommodation-Conversion Continuum
Wipeout: The Politics of Destruction
Athens and Melos Relevance to Modern Politics
Lion and Fox: The Politics of the Nation-State
Machiavelli: The End Justifies the Means Relevance to Modern Politics
Civil Disobedience: The Politics of Morality
Thoreau: “On Civil Disobedience” Relevance to Modern Politics
Conclusion Suggested Readings Glossary Terms
Chapter 2 • Politics and Choice
Five Important Themes
Elaborating the Theme Values, Facts, and Judgment
Socrates and the Moral Life: Political Obligation in Ancient Athens
Socrates’s Choice Questioning Socrates’s Choice
Madison, the New Republic, and Federal Theory: The Struggle for Creative Breakthrough in Modern Politics
The Problem: Reconciling Liberty and Authority Madison’s Solution Continuing Efforts to Reconcile Liberty and Authority
The German Citizen and the Nazi Regime: Can Modern Citizens Bear the Burden of Freedom?
The Situation in Germany Lessons of the Nazi Experience
John F. Kennedy and the Cuban Missile Crisis: The Perils of Choice in the Nuclear Age
Considering the Alternatives Making the Choice
The Decision to Invade Iraq: The Perils of Inaccurate Information and Faulty Assumptions
Historical Context Rationales for the 2003 Invasion What Went Wrong?
Conclusion Suggested Readings Glossary Terms
Chapter 3 • Politcal Science: Components, Tasks, and Controversies
The Basic Structure of Political Science The Three Major Components of Political Science
The Ethical Component The Empirical Component The Prudential Component
The Four Major Tasks of Political Science
Ethical Recommendation Empirical Understanding Prudential Judgment Theoretical Integration
Continuing Controversies in Political Science
The Quest for the Good Political Life The Search for a Science of Politics Guidance for Leaders of State and Citizens Toward a Unified Discipline of Political Science
Conclusion Suggested Readings Glossary Terms
Chapter 4 • The Physical, Social, and Cultural Environment of Politics
Propositions and Challenges The Physical World We Live In
Patterns of Population Growth Finite Resources
The Biological, Physiological, Psychological, and Social Creatures We Are
Human Needs Cooperation Versus Conflict
The Social Communities We Have Built
The Sociopsychological Setting of Politics The Economic Environment of Politics The Sociological Setting of Politics The Scientific and Technological Environment of Politics The Historical Setting of Politics
The Cultural Universe We Have Created
The Culture of Enlightenment Striking a Cultural Balance
Conclusion Suggested Readings Glossary Terms
PART II • POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY AND IDEOLOGY
Chapter 5 • The Quest for the Good Political Life
Classical Greek Thought: The Search for Political Excellence
Plato: Justice as the Harmony of Classes and Rule by Philosopher-Kings Aristotle: Constitutional Government and Rule by the Middle Class
Christianity and the Good Political Life
Augustine: Incomplete Worldly Peace, Order, and Justice Thomas Aquinas: Constitution, Law, Common Good, and Reason
The Renaissance: Niccolo Machiavelli and the Quest for a Virtuous Republic Modern Political Thought
Thomas Hobbes: The Need for Supreme Sovereign Leader John Locke: Popular, Limited, Responsible, Representative Government Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Popular Sovereignty Through the General Will Edmund Burke: Prescriptive Constitutional Government Mary Wollstonecraft: Feminism, Education, and the Rights of Women John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism and Liberty Karl Marx: Universal Human Emancipation via Communism
Contemporary Political Philosophy Conclusion Suggested Readings Glossary Terms
Chapter 6 • Liberal Democracy
Toward a Definition of Liberal Democracy The Ideals of Liberal Democracy
Operative Ideals
The Sources of Liberal Democracy Liberalism, Capitalism, and Democracy
The Changing Character of Liberalism The Changing Character of Democracy
Variations on the Liberal Democratic Theme
American Liberals American Conservatives
An Assessment of Liberal Democracy
The Defense of Liberal Democracy A Contemporary Challenge to Liberal Democracy: Security Versus Liberty The Attack on Liberal Democracy: Left and Right The Case of Conservatism Reconsidered
Conclusion Suggested Readings Glossary Terms
Chapter 7 • Democratic Socialism and Communism: Ideologies of the Left
Democratic Socialism
Toward a Definition of Democratic Socialism The Ideals of Democratic Socialism
The Sources of Democratic Socialism
Religious Roots Utopian Rots Marxist Roots Revisionist Roots Fabian Roots Trade Union Roots Reformist Roots
Democratic Socialism as Political Ideology: Pro and Con
Criticism of Democratic Socialism The Defense of Democratic Socialism
Communism
Toward a Definition of Communism The Ideals of Communism
The Sources of Communism
Karl Marx: Master Theoretician V. I. Lenin: Master Revolutionary Strategist and Tactician Joseph Stalin: Master Builder of Soviet Power Mao Zedong: Founder of Chinese Communism
Communism as a Political Ideology and Philosophy: Pro and Con
Criticism of Communism The Defense of Communism
The Recent Past and Future of Democratic Socialism and Communism
Democratic Socialism Communism: A History
Conclusion Suggested Readings Glossary Terms
PART III • AMERICAN, COMPARATIVE, AND WORLD POLITICS
Chapter 8 • Key Dilemmas: Political Form, Culture, and Values
Some Key Terms Defined Patterns for Cooperation, Accommodation, and Conflict Resolution Democratic Constitutionalism
Political Culture and the Framing of Politics Why Is Political Culture Important? Agreement on the Fundamentals of Political Culture
Constitutional Features
Limited or Unlimited Government Representative Government or Direct Democracy Separation or Connection of Powers Federalism or Unitary Government Majority Rule
The Values of Nations as Political Actors
Security and Peace Liberty, Human Rights, and Democracy Justice, Equality, and Liberty Welfare and Economic Well-Being
Popular Values Conclusion Suggested Readings Glossary Terms
Chapter 9 • American Politics and Government
American Political Culture
American Political Culture and the Factors That Shaped It
American Political Institutions
Legislatures Executives Bureaucracies The Courts
Beyond the Constitution: Citizens, Media, Parties, and Elections
Citizens Interest Groups Political Parties and Elections The Media
Conclusion Suggested Readings Glossary Terms
Chapter 10 • Comparative Politics
Parliamentary Government
The Case of Great Britain
Authoritarian Government
The Case of Nazi Germany
Mixed Political Systems
The Case of Communist China
Failed or Fragile States
The Cases of Afghanistan and Somalia
Conclusion Suggested Readings Glossary Terms
Chapter 11 • International Politics and the Global Community
Post–World War II and Post–Cold War Challenges Current Patterns in International Politics
The Standard of National Interest The Primary Role of Power
Balance of Power
The Cold War Balance of Power Assessing the Cold War The Costs and Aftermath of the Cold War
Domination Multilateralism
The United Nations in Theory and Practice Regional Integration Globalization
Other Forms of Behavior: Neutrality, Nonalignment, and Isolation Nonstate Actors
Nongovernmental Organizations Terrorist Organizations The Case of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria Multinational Corporations
Conclusion Suggested Readings Glossary Terms
PART IV • POLITICAL JUDGMENT AND PUBLIC POLICY
Chapter 12 • War and Peace in the Modern Age
Ethical and Empirical Factors
The Mortal Threat of Nuclear War The Consequences of Conventional Wars The Burden of Arms Expenditures The Dangers of the Sovereign Nation-State System The Battle Against Terrorism Cyberwar
Alternative Approaches to a More Peaceful World
A New Balance of Power The United Nations’ Third-Party Activities Collective Security Global Economic Integration Peace Through Functionalism Nonviolent Civil Defense
Conclusion Suggested Readings Glossary Terms
Chapter 13 • The Battle on Behalf of Human Rights
Clarifying the Problem Ethical and Empirical Factors
Genocide The Persistence of Racism Left-Wing and Right-Wing Violations Offenses Against Women
Alternative Approaches to Securing Human Rights
Efforts of Powerful States The United Nations Nongovernmental Organizations Efforts of the Least Free
Conclusion Suggested Readings Glossary Terms
Chapter 14 • The Struggle for Economic Well-Being
Defining Economic Well-Being Ethical and Empirical Factors
The Persistence of Poverty The Causes and Consequences of Poverty The Question of Economic Inequality The Calculus of Costs and Benefits
Alternative Approaches to Economic Well-Being
Liberal Capitalism and Liberal Democracy Egalitarian Communism Illiberal Capitalism and Right-Wing Authoritarianism Democratic Socialism
The Critical Role of the International Community
International Organizations Nongovernmental Organizations State-Based Foreign Aid Programs
Conclusion Suggested Readings Glossary Terms
Chapter 15 • The Imperative of Ecological Health
Ethical and Empirical Factors
Depletion of the Ozone Layer Global Warming Pollution Depletion of Valuable Resources Climate Change, Scarce Resources, and Armed Conflict The Danger of Population Imbalance The Challenges of Ecological Politics
Alternative Approaches to Ecological Health
Liberal Conservation Guarded Optimism and Economic Growth A Sustainable Development Model A Steady-State Philosophy Benevolent Authoritarianism
Conclusion Suggested Readings Glossary Terms
Conclusion
A Best-Case Scenario A Worst-Case Scenario A Prophetic Planetary Scenario Suggested Readings
Glossary Photo Credits Index
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