USB Complete by Axelson, Jan -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Page Copyright Contents Introduction 1 USB Basics

Uses and limits

Benefits for users Benefits for developers Addressing USB’s limits USB and Ethernet USB and Thunderbolt

Evolution of an interface

USB 1.0 USB 1.1 USB 2.0 USB 2.1 USB 3.0 USB 3.1 Embedded Host and On-The-Go

Bus components

Topology Bus speed considerations Terminology

Division of labor

Host responsibilities Device responsibilities Bus speeds and data throughput

Developing a device

Components Tools for developing Steps in developing a project

USB 3.1 essentials

Features Compatibility Cables Power

2 Inside USB Transfers

Transfer basics

Essentials Purposes for communication Managing data on the bus

Elements of a transfer

Endpoints: the source and sink of data Transaction types Pipes: connecting endpoints to the host Transfer types Stream and message pipes Initiating a transfer

USB 2.0 transactions

Transaction phases Packet sequences Timing constraints and guarantees Split transactions

Ensuring successful transfers

Status and control Reporting the status of control transfers Error checking

Enhanced SuperSpeed transactions

Packet types Transferring data Link Management Packets

3 A Transfer Type for Every Purpose

Control transfers

Availability Structure Data size Speed Detecting and handling errors Device responsibilities

Bulk transfers

Availability Structure Data size Speed Detecting and handling errors Device responsibilities

Interrupt transfers

Availability Structure Data size Speed Detecting and handling errors Device responsibilities

Isochronous transfers

Availability Structure Data size Speed Detecting and handling errors Device responsibilities

More about time-critical transfers

Bus bandwidth Device capabilities Host capabilities Host latencies

4 Enumeration: How the Host Learns about Devices

Events and requests

Getting to the Configured state Device removal Tips for successful enumeration

Descriptors

Types Device Device_qualifier Configuration Other_speed_configuration Interface association Interface Endpoint SuperSpeed endpoint companion SuperSpeedPlus isochronous endpoint companion String Binary device object store (BOS) and device capability OTG descriptor Microsoft OS descriptors Updating descriptors to USB 2.0 Updating descriptors to USB 3.1

5 Control Transfers: Structured Requests for Critical Data

Elements of a control transfer

Setup stage Data stage Status Stage Handling errors Device firmware

Standard requests

Get Status Clear Feature Set Feature Set Address Get Descriptor Set Descriptor Get Configuration Set Configuration Get Interface Set Interface Synch Frame Set SEL Set Isochronous Delay

Other requests

Class-specific requests Vendor-defined requests

6 Chip Choices

Components of a USB device

Inside a USB 2.0 controller Other device components

Simplifying device development

Device requirements Documentation and example code Host driver Development boards

USB microcontrollers

Microchip PIC18 Cypress EZ-USB ARM processors

Controllers that interface to CPUs

Maxim MAX3420E PLX Technology USB 3380 FTDI interface chips

7 Device Classes

Purpose

Approved specifications Elements of a class specification

Defined classes

Audio Audio/Video Billboard Communications Content security Device firmware upgrade Human interface IrDA bridge Mass storage Personal healthcare Printer Smart card Still image capture Test and measurement Video Classes defined by other specifications

Implementing non-standard functions

Choosing a driver Using a generic driver Converting from RS-232 Converting from the parallel port Connecting two PCs

8 How the Host Communicates

Device drivers

The layered driver model User and kernel modes

Inside the layers

Applications User-mode client drivers Kernel-mode client drivers

Low-level host drivers

USB 3.0 drivers USB 2.0 drivers

Writing drivers

Kernel mode User mode Testing tools

Using GUIDs

Device setup GUIDs Device interface GUIDs

9 Matching a Driver to a Device

Using Device Manager

Viewing devices Property pages

Device information in the registry

The hardware key The class key The driver key The services key

Using INF files

Driver signing requirements File structure Inside an INF file

Using device identification strings

Finding a match When to provide an INF file

Tools and diagnostic aids

Tips for using INF files What the user sees

10 Detecting Devices

A brief guide to calling API functions

Managed and unmanaged code Managing data

Finding a device

Obtaining the device interface GUID Requesting a pointer to a device information set Identifying a device interface Requesting a structure with the device path name Extracting the device path name Closing communications

Obtaining a handle

Requesting a communications handle Closing the handle

Detecting device attachment and removal

Using WMI Adding a handler for newly arrived devices Detecting the target device Adding a handler for removed devices

11 Human Interface Devices: Capabilities

What is a HID?

Hardware requirements Firmware requirements

Descriptors

The HID interface HID class descriptor Report descriptors

HID-specific requests

Get Report Get Idle Get Protocol Set Report Set Idle Set Protocol

Transferring data

Writing firmware Tools

12 Human Interface Devices: Reports

Report structure

Control and data item values Item format

The Main item type

Input, Output, and Feature items Collections

The Global item type

Identifying the report Describing the data’s use Converting units Converting raw data Describing the data’s size and format Saving and restoring Global items

The Local item type

Physical descriptors Padding

13 Human Interface Devices: Host Application

HIDClass support routines

Requesting information about the HID Sending and receiving reports Providing and using report data Managing HID communications

Identifying a device

Reading the Vendor ID and Product ID Getting a pointer to device capabilities Getting the device’s capabilities Getting capabilities of buttons and values

Sending and receiving reports

Sending Output reports with interrupt transfers Reading Input reports with interrupt transfers Writing Feature reports Writing Output reports with control transfers Reading Feature reports Reading Input reports with control transfers Closing communications

14 Using WinUSB for Vendor-defined Functions

Capabilities and limits

Device requirements Host requirements Driver requirements Device firmware

Accessing the device

Creating a SafeWinUsbHandle Obtaining a WinUSB handle Requesting an interface descriptor Identifying the endpoints Setting pipe policies Writing bulk and interrupt data Reading bulk and interrupt data Using vendor-defined control transfers Selecting an alternate interface Writing data: isochronous transfers Reading data: isochronous transfers Closing communications

15 Using WinUSB’s System INF File

Microsoft OS 1.0 descriptors

Microsoft OS string descriptor Extended compat ID OS feature descriptor Extended properties OS feature descriptor Enumeration

Microsoft OS 2.0 descriptors

Microsoft OS 2.0 platform capability descriptor Microsoft OS 2.0 descriptor set Enumeration

16 Using Hubs to Extend and Expand the Bus

USB 2.0

The hub repeater The transaction translator The hub controller Speed Maintaining active links

USB 3.1

Bus speeds SuperSpeed SuperSpeedPlus Managing traffic

The hub class

Hub descriptors Hub class requests

17 Managing Power

Power options

Using bus current Bus voltage Bus-powered devices

Hub power

Power sources Over-current protection Power switching

Conserving power

USB 2.0 Link Power Management Suspend Sleep Enhanced SuperSpeed power management

Advanced power delivery capabilities

Requirements Negotiating power Role swapping Vendor-defined messages

Power management under Windows

Computer power states Utilities

Battery charging

Charger types Charger detection Charging dead or weak batteries

18 Testing and Debugging

Tools

Hardware protocol analyzers Software protocol analyzers Traffic generators

Compliance testing

Checklists USB Command Verifier software Device Framework tests Interoperability tests Current measurement Electrical tests Certified USB Logo

Windows hardware certification

Windows hardware certification Driver signatures Test-signing a driver Microsoft USB Test Tool (MUTT)

19 Packets on the Bus

USB 2.0

Low speed and full speed bus states High speed bus states Data encoding Staying synchronized Timing accuracy Packet format Inter-packet delay Test modes

USB 3.1

Data scrambling Encoding Link layer Reset Signaling Negotiating speed

20 Electrical and Mechanical Interface

USB 2.0

Transceivers Cables and connectors

USB 3.1

Transmitters and receivers Cables and connectors

USB Type-C cables

Benefits Cables and connectors New cable connections Data routing

Other ways to connect

Inter-Chip Isolated interfaces Long distance links Going wireless

21 Hosts for Embedded Systems

The Targeted Host

The Targeted Peripheral List Targeted Host types Bus current Turning off bus power The Micro-AB receptacle

Embedded Hosts

Differences from conventional host ports Host connectors Functioning as a USB device

OTG devices

Requirements Cables and connectors The A-Device and B-Device The OTG descriptor Host Negotiation Protocol (HNP) Role Swap Protocol

Choosing a development platform

Comparing options Embedded PC General-purpose microcontroller Interface chip Host module

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