Pro Multithreading and Memory Management for IOS and OS X · With ARC, Grand Central Dispatch and Blocks by Sakamoto, Kazuki -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Copyright Contents at a Glance Contents About the Author About the Translator About the Technical Reviewers Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1: Life Before Automatic Reference Counting

Reference Counted Memory Management Overview Exploring Memory Management Further

You Have Ownership of Any Objects You Create You Can Take Ownership of an Object Using retain When No Longer Needed, You Must Relinquish Ownership of an Object You Own

Implementing alloc, retain, release, and dealloc

The alloc Method The retain Method The release Method The dealloc Method Apple’s Implementation of alloc, retain, release, and dealloc Autorelease Automatic Variables Implementing autorelease Apple’s Implementation of autorelease

Summary

Chapter 2: ARC Rules

Overview Reference Counting Mechanism Changes Ownership qualifiers

__strong ownership qualifier __weak ownership qualifier __unsafe_unretained ownership qualifier __autoreleasing ownership qualifier

Rules

Forget About Using Retain, Release, RetainCount, or Autorelease Forget About Using NSAllocateObject or NSDeallocateObject Follow the Naming Rule for Methods Related to Object Creation Forget About Calling dealloc Explicitly Use @autoreleasepool Instead of NSAutoreleasePool Forget About Using Zone (NSZone) Object Type Variables Cannot Be Members of struct or union in C Language ‘id’ and ‘void*’ Have to Be Cast Explicitly

Property Array Summary

Chapter 3: ARC Implementation

__strong ownership qualifier

Calling the array method Inside the array Method

__weak ownership qualifier

Looking Under the Hood When an Object Is Discarded Assigning a Newly Created Object Immediate Disposal of Objects Adding to autorelease pool Automatically

__autoreleasing ownership qualifier __unsafe_unretained ownership qualifier Reference Count Summary

Chapter 4: Getting Started with Blocks

Blocks Primer

Anonymous functions Variables Blocks to the Rescue

Block Literal Syntax Block type variables Capturing automatic variables

__blockspecifier Captured automatic variables

Summary

Chapter 5: Blocks Implementation

Under the Blocks’ Hood

Converting Source Code this in C++ and self in Objective-C Declaring _cself Constructor of __main_block_impl_0 struct Initializing __main_block_impl_0 instance Reviewing _NSConcreteStackBlock

Capturing Automatic Variables

Anonymous Function

Writable Variables

Static or Global Variables __block specifier

Memory Segments for Blocks

A Block as NSConcreteGlobalBlock Class Object Block on the Heap Copying Blocks Automatically Coping Blocks Manually Copying Block Multiple Times Memory Segments for __block Variables __forwarding

Capturing Objects

When You Should Call the “copy” Method __block Variables and Objects Circular Reference with Blocks Copy/Release Summary

Chapter 6: Grand Central Dispatch

Grand Central Dispatch Overview Multithreaded Programming

How a CPU Executes an Application Advantages and Disadvantages of Multithreaded Programming

Summary

Chapter 7: GCD Basics

Dispatch Queues

Two Types of Dispatch Queue Serial Dispatch Queue Concurrent Dispatch Queue

Obtaining Dispatch Queues

dispatch_queue_create Main Dispatch Queue/Global Dispatch Queue

Controlling Dispatch Queues

dispatch_set_target_queue dispatch_after Dispatch Group dispatch_barrier_async dispatch_sync dispatch_apply dispatch_suspend/dispatch_resume Dispatch Semaphore dispatch_once

Dispatch I/O Summary

Chapter 8: GCD Implementation

Dispatch Queue

Kernel-Level Implementation GCD Structure Global Dispatch Queue and pthread_workqueue Executing Blocks

Dispatch Source Example Using Dispatch Source Summary

Appendix A: Example of ARC, Blocks, and GCD Appendix B: References

References for ARC

Transitioning to ARC Release Notes ARC Programming Guide by Apple LLVM Document—Automatic Reference Counting Advanced Memory Management Programming Guide Getting Started: Building and Running Clang objc4 version 493.9 GNUstep libobjc2 version 1.5

References for Blocks

APPLE’S EXTENSIONS TO C BLOCKS PROPOSAL, N1451 Presentation About Blocks Language Specification for Blocks Block Implementation Specification libclosure version 53 plblocks

References for Grand Central Dispatch

libdispatch version 187.5 Libc version 763.11 xnu version 1699.22.81 libdispatch project page libdispatch Porting Project

Index

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