Index

A

Abernathy, Ralph 29, 58, 61, 66, 67, 69, 83

Ackerburg, Peter 59

Adams, Kenneth 36

Adams, Louis 22

Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights 45

Alabama Gas Corporation 83

Alabama Historical Commission 10, 12

Alabama National Guard 9, 61–65, 69, 70

Alabama Press Association 64

Alabama Shakespeare Festival 80

Alabama State Chamber of Commerce 80

American Baptist Theological Seminary 42, 75

American Civil Liberties Union 22

Amherst, Virginia 5

Anniston, Alabama 6, 15, 36–40, 49, 65, 82

Appleton, Wisconsin 54

Ardmore, Alabama 6

Arkansas 27

Arsenault, Ray 12

Asheville, North Carolina 5, 22, 23, 24

Associated Press 59

Athens, Georgia 6

Atkins, James 52

Atlanta 6, 18, 29, 30, 35, 44, 55, 58, 68

Augusta, Georgia 6

B

Baker, Ella 31, 55, 66

Baldwin, Roger 22

Banks, Dennis 5, 22, 24

Barbee, William 42, 49, 51–54, 56, 83

Barnett, Ross 68, 69, 71, 74

Bergman, Walter 33, 39, 40

Bevel, James 42, 58, 66, 73

Bigelow, Albert 33, 34

Birmingham 6, 15, 26, 33, 38, 39–48, 52, 53, 78, 80, 82

Birmingham Civil Rights Institute 82

Birmingham News 38, 52

Black, Hugo 31

Blankenheim, Ed 33

Blount, Winton 65, 79, 80

Boynton, Bruce 31

Boynton v. Virginia 31, 32, 34, 72

Bromley, Ernest 22

Brooks, Paul 42, 45, 55, 67

Browder v. Gayle 28, 66

Brown, Henry Billings 17

Brown v. Board of Education 26–27, 34, 43

Burks, Catherine 42, 44, 49, 50, 55

Bush, Carl 42

Butler, Charles 42

C

Carey, Gordon 34

Carmichael, Stokely 79

Carr, Arlam, Jr. 9–11

Carr, Arlam, Sr. 9

Carr, Johnnie 9–11

Carter, Joseph 42

Cason, Allen 50

Castle, Doris 71

Chapel Hill, North Carolina 5, 23, 24

Charlotte, North Carolina 6, 34

Chicago 20, 22, 24, 55, 58

Civil Rights Act 18, 29, 81

Civil War 15, 16, 18, 64

Coca-Cola 51

Coffin, William Sloane, Jr. 69

Cold War 15, 18, 29, 57

Collins, Lucretia 42, 50, 55, 67, 71

Columbia, South Carolina 6

communism 19, 50, 63, 65, 75

Connor, Theophilus Eugene “Bull” 6, 26, 40, 43, 44, 47, 53

CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) 5, 20–22, 25, 32, 33, 41, 42, 47, 55, 66–68, 71, 72, 76, 78

Cowling, E. L. 37

Cox, Elton 33, 35

Culpeper, Virginia 5

D

Danville, Virginia 6, 34

Davis, Jim 68

Delaware, Virginia 26

Dennis, Dave 72

Dixiecrats 18

Doar, John 48, 49, 52, 65

Douglass, Frederick 16

Durham, North Carolina 5, 23

Durr, Clifford and Virginia 56, 59

E

Eastland, James O. 69

Eisenhower, Dwight 27, 29

Ellington, Buford 67

Evers, Medgar 67

F

Farmer, James 20, 32–35, 41, 42, 55, 58, 59, 60, 61, 66, 67, 71, 72, 74–76, 78

Farmville, Virginia 6, 27, 34

FBI 19, 32, 48, 54, 56, 65, 69, 70

Fellowship of Reconciliation 19–22, 25, 29

Felmet, Joseph 5, 22–24

First Baptist Church 6, 9, 58–64, 83

Fisk University 30

Folsom, Jim 64

FOR. See Fellowship of Reconciliation

Fort Benning, Georgia 61

Fourteenth Amendment 17

Franklin, John Hope 18–19

Fredericksburg, Virginia 34

Freedom Rides Museum 10–12, 82–83

Friendship Junior College 35

G

Gach, Anna and Fred 57

Gallion, MacDonald 53

Gandhianism 19, 20, 30, 32, 33

Georgia 6, 34, 35, 61, 66. See also Atlanta

Graham, Frank 23

Graham, Henry 63, 64, 70

Graham, Rudolph 42

Gray, Fred 28, 65, 66, 79

Great Depression 19

Greensboro, North Carolina 5, 6, 22, 23, 29, 30

Greyhound Lines 22, 23, 32, 35, 43, 47, 71

Greyhound stations 9, 10, 12, 22, 33, 34, 36–37, 43–47, 49–57, 71, 82–84

Griffin, Robert 33

H

Hall, Grover 64, 80

Harbour, William 42, 49, 55

Harlan, John 17

Harris, Herman 33

Harris, Richard 66, 69, 83

Hayes, George E. C. 26

Head, Wilson 18

Henley, Claude 53

Hermann, Susan 42, 51, 54

High Point, North Carolina 6

Hinds County Jail, Mississippi 73

Hinds County Prison Farm, Mississippi 73

Hoover, J. Edgar 32, 65

Houser, George 19–22

Howard University 20, 31, 75

Huddleston, George, Jr. 41

Hughes, Genevieve 33, 39

I

Interstate Commerce Act 31

Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) 6, 29, 32, 78

J

Jack, Homer 20, 21, 24

Jackson Daily News 74

Jackson, Mahalia 77

Jackson, Mississippi 6, 67, 71–76, 83, 84

Jenkins, Patricia 42

Jim Crow 9, 11, 16, 20, 21, 24, 26, 30, 31

Johnson, Andrew 5, 21, 23, 24

Johnson, Frank M., Jr. 28, 65, 66, 78, 83, 84

Jones, Charles M. 23

Jones, Fred 74

Jones, Walter B. 53, 66

Journey of Reconciliation 5, 18–25, 32, 33

Junior Chamber of Commerce 80

K

Kansas 26

Kennedy, John F. 9, 29, 32, 40, 46, 48, 57, 58, 65, 68, 79, 81

Kennedy, Robert 9, 32, 40, 41, 46–48, 53, 55, 57, 58, 60, 61, 63–64, 67–69, 72, 78, 80, 81

Kentucky 5

King, A. D. 69

King, Martin Luther, Jr. 6, 9, 10, 27–29, 28, 35, 55, 58, 60–63, 65–67, 69, 70, 77, 78, 81, 83

Knoxville, Tennessee 5, 24

Ku Klux Klan (KKK) 28, 36, 39, 45, 46, 49, 53, 65, 79, 82, 83

L

Lafayette, Bernard 42, 50

Lawson, James 30, 33, 42, 55, 58, 66, 67, 70

Lee, Bernard 66, 69

Leigh Avenue Baptist Church 22

Leonard, Frederick 30, 42, 50, 51, 75

Levy, Moe 49, 50

Lewis, John 6, 10, 12, 30, 33–35, 41–44, 47, 49–54, 55, 59, 61, 65, 66, 67, 71, 72, 75, 77, 83, 85

Lewis v. Greyhound 78

Little Rock, Arkansas 27

Louisiana 6, 16, 34. See also New Orleans

Louisville, Kentucky 5

Lucy, Autherine 27

Lynchburg, Virginia 5, 6, 34

Lynn, Conrad 5, 22, 23

M

Mann, Floyd 48, 52, 53, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 64, 70

Marshall, Burke 40, 52

Marshall, Texas 20

Marshall, Thurgood 21, 26, 31, 36, 76

McCarthyism 25

McCollum, Salynn 42, 43, 44, 78

McDonald, Jimmy 33

Memphis 84

Mississippi 6, 28, 34, 36, 66–76, 79, 84. See also Jackson, Mississippi

Mississippi National Guard 70

Mitchell, William 42

Mitford, Jessica 56, 59

Montgomery 6, 9–11, 12, 15, 18, 30, 44, 47, 48–71, 78, 79–80, 82–84

Montgomery Advertiser 41, 64, 80

Montgomery Bus Boycott 9, 27–29

Montgomery, G. V. “Sonny” 70, 71

Montgomery Improvement Association 10, 27, 55

Montgomery Kiwanis Club 80

Montgomery Ministerial Association 80

Montgomery Museum of Fine Art 80

Montgomery Rotary Club 80

Moore, Ivor “Jerry” 33

Morgan, Irene 17

Morgan v. Virginia 16–17, 18, 22, 24, 25

Moultrie, Mae Frances 33

N

NAACP 9, 17, 18, 21, 23–26, 31, 33, 47, 65, 67, 76, 78

NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund 76

Nabrit, James 26

Nash, Diane 30, 34, 42, 43, 45, 47, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 62, 66, 67, 72, 75

Nashville 5, 6, 20, 24, 29–31, 30, 33, 41–45, 54, 66, 68, 70, 77

Nashville Christian Leadership Conference 42

Nashville Student Movement (NSM) 30, 42

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. See NAACP

National Maritime Union 21

Nelson, Wallace 21, 24

New Orleans 6, 34, 39, 41, 43, 46, 54–56, 68

New York 22, 33, 79

New York Times 59

North Carolina 5, 6, 22, 23, 29, 30, 34

North Carolina A&T College 22

P

Parchman Prison Farm, Mississippi 6, 73–75, 84

Parks, Rosa 9, 11, 27

Patterson, John 36, 46, 48, 53, 57, 58, 61, 63–64, 68, 69, 84

Peck, James 5, 6, 21–24, 33, 39, 40

Perkins, Joseph 6, 33, 34

Person, Charles 33, 39, 40

Petersburg, Virginia 5, 6, 22, 34

Plessy, Homer. See Plessy v. Ferguson

Plessy v. Ferguson 16–17, 26

R

Raleigh, North Carolina 5, 23, 30

Randle, Worth 21

Randolph, A. Philip 18

Reconstruction 16

Reynolds, Isaac 33

Richmond, Virginia 5, 22, 31, 34

Ritter, Norm 49

Roanoke, Virginia 5

Rock Hill, South Carolina 6, 34–35

Roodenko, Igal 5, 22, 23, 24

Roosevelt, Franklin D. 18

Rustin, Bayard 5, 19–24, 27

S

Salisbury, North Carolina 6

SCLC. See Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Seigenthaler, John 41, 46–49, 51, 57

Separate Car Act 16

Shaw University 30

Sherrod, Charles 72

Shiloh Baptist Church 23

Shores, Arthur 65

Shuttlesworth, Fred 33, 39–45, 55, 58, 59, 63, 69

Simpson, Etta 42

sit-ins 29–31, 32, 33, 35, 42, 77

Smiley, Glenn 27

Smith, Howard K. 40

Smith, Ruby Doris 42

SNCC 29–31, 32, 33, 44, 66–68, 72, 75, 77–79

South Carolina 6, 19, 26, 34, 34–35

Southern Christian Leadership Conference 27, 29, 30–31, 55, 58, 66–68, 77, 78

Southern Manifesto 26–27

Southern Workers Defense League 22

Soviet Union 15, 29, 40

Stanley, Eugene 22

Stanley, Marvin 48

Statesville, North Carolina 5

St. Augustine’s College 23

St. Jude 53, 83

Stride Toward Freedom 29

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. See SNCC

Student Voice, The 33

Sullivan, L. B. 48, 52–53, 61

Sumter, South Carolina 6

T

Tennessee 5, 24, 30, 44, 67, 84

Tennessee State University 42, 67

Thomas, Hank 6, 33, 39, 55, 67, 71, 73, 75

Thomas, Max 73

Thompson, Jean 73

Thompson, Myron 10

Thurmond, Strom 26

Todd, Curtiss 24

Tourgee, Albion 17

Trailways stations 22, 23, 31, 39–40, 69–70, 82–84

Trailways Transportation System 22, 23, 32, 35

Trillin, Calvin 49

Troy, Alabama 51

Truman, Harry 17–18, 19

Truth, Sojourner 16

Ture, Kwame. See Carmichael, Stokely

U

United Press International 45, 59

University of Alabama 27, 80

University of North Carolina 23

University of Texas at El Paso 10

Urbock, Don 50

U.S. Justice Department 40, 41, 47, 49, 52, 64, 79

U.S. Navy 33

U.S. News & World Report 72

U.S. Supreme Court 17, 21, 22, 24, 26, 31, 72, 79

V

Vienna, Virginia 57

Virginia 5, 17, 22, 26, 27, 31, 34

Virginia Union College 22

Vivian, C. T. 70, 72, 73

W

Waldron, George 52

Walker, Wyatt Tee 58, 61, 66, 67, 69

Wallace, George 80

Warren, Earl 26

Washington, D.C. 5, 18, 22, 24, 33, 52, 58, 68

Weaversville, North Carolina 5

West Virginia 5

White Citizens Council 27, 52

Wilbur, Susan 42, 51, 54

Wilkins, Roy 67, 76

Williams, Robert 67

Winnsboro, South Carolina 6

Winston-Salem, North Carolina 5

Wisconsin 43

Woodard, Isaac 19

World War II 17, 18, 33

Worthy, William 22

Wright, LeRoy 73

Wright, Nathan 21, 24

WSFA-TV 56

Z

Zellner, Bob 56, 85

Zwerg, James 42–44, 45, 50, 51, 53–56, 68, 83