Abraham, Karl, 9
Act of Will, The (Assagioli), 15
as managing primal wounding, 126–128, 144
positive kernel of, 161
and survival personality, 49, 126–128
Alcoholics Anonymous, 130
Amends, making of, 142
Annihilation. See nonbeing
Anti-social disorder, 165
Archetypes: and subpersonality formation, 71–72
triggered by unifying center, 22
Assagioli, Roberto, 146, 181, 190
biography of, 11–14
and birth of psychosynthesis, 1–2, 9–11
on call, 38–39
on collective unconscious, 20, 194n. 1
and developmental theory, 112
and differences with Freud, 1, 3
on distinction between “I” and Self, 39, 204n. 2
on distinction between psychosynthesis and techniques, 192
early disidentification exercise of, 198n. 5
on external unifying center, 118
and Freud, 9
on fundamental infirmity of man, 46–47
and higher and lower unconscious, 151, 194n. 5
on higher unconscious, 31–32
on “I” as reflection of Self, 39
on illusion of illusion, 181
on inflation, 204n. 2
influences on, 11–17
on isolated individual, 3
and Jung, 9
laissez-faire attitude toward organization of psychosynthesis, 11, 193n. 1
on limitation of Freud’s views, 10
on lower unconscious work, 2
on middle unconscious, 21, 22–23, 26
on oval diagram, 20
peak experience of, in prison, 13
on personal psychosynthesis, 177
and psychoanalysis, 9–11
on psychosynthesis of the ages, 113
on psychosynthesis and religion, 16
on ring model, 113
on stages of psychosynthesis, 45
on subpersonalities, 69
on transpersonal psychosynthesis, 179
on unifying center, 70
on union of “I” and Self, 39, 191
on universality of Self, 176
on Victorian will, 109.
Works: Act of Will, The, 15
Psicoanalisi e Psicosintesi, 19
Transpersonal Development, 15
Atman, 175
Attachment theory, 5, 200n. 2, 202n. 6
Atwood, George, on psychosis, 203n. 11
Augustine, Saint, 175
Authentic personality, 48, 115–128
and crisis of transformation, 53
in emergence stage, 56–57
as inclusion of subpersonalities, 87
and inclusion of wounds, 128
and social activism, 145
and subpersonalities, 73–74
two fundamental relationships of, 143–145
unfolding of, 142, 146–147, 160, 171, 175
Authentic unifying center: and call, 190–191
and crisis of transformation, 52–53
in emergence stage, 57
empathy of, 95–97
examples of, 174–175
in exploration stage, 53
in healing, 142
as mirroring transcendence-immanence, 105–107
therapist as, 81
Aversion and craving, 162. See also addictions
Balint, Michael, 200n. 3
Barrington, Jacob, 101
Battista, John, 10
Bergson, Henri, 12
Bhagavad Gita, 107
Binswanger, Ludwig, 9, 200n. 3
Bipolar disorder, 164, 202n. 9
Blake, William, 55
Bleuler, Paul Eugen, 9–10
on call as new foundation for transpersonal psychology, 205n. 4
Borderline disorder, 164
on “defensive exclusion,” 34
Brandchaft, Bernard, on psychosis, 203n. 11
Brill, A. A., 9
Brooks, Philip, 120
Buber, Martin, 14, 27, 122, 187
and authentic unifying centers, 190–191
example of, in contact stage, 60–61
as new foundation for transpersonal psychology, 205n. 4
and psychosynthesis therapy, 188–190
responding to, 61–64
and stages of psychosynthesis, 58–59
and subpersonalities, 91
and subpersonality formation, 71
Carter-Haar, Betsie, 69
Case: of Ellen, stages of psychosynthesis, 50–65, 97–100, 140
of George, subpersonality formation, 70–73
of Jamie, addiction to purpose, 143–144
of Laura, subpersonalities and disidentification, 24–25, 34–36, 38
of Mark, subpersonality work, 78–91
of Robert and Rachel, wounds emerging in relationship, 30–31
Childhood, pathologizing of, 199n. 1
Chinen, Allan, 10
Collective unconscious, 20–21, 194n. 1
and collective consciousness, 196n. 4
and subpersonality formation, 71–72
work with, 54–55
Compulsions. See addictions
Consciousness: as function of “I,” 35, 56
relationship to will, 36–37. See also “I”
Continuity of being, 115, 117, 119 fig. 6.5, 120, 120 fig. 6.6, 159
Cosmic Consciousness (Bucke), 32
Crisis of duality, 181
Crisis of transformation, 50–53
and call, 58–59
and disidentification, 99
and failure of survival personality, 128, 130
and psychosis, 166
and subpersonalities, 76, 79. See also existential crisis; crisis of duality
Cunningham, Tom, 130–131
Destiny drive (Bollas), 121
Developmental theory. See psychosynthesis: developmental theory
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 168
Disidentification: in the case of Laura, 34–36
vs. dissociation, 104–105, 108–109
as distinct from any specific experience, 99–100
example of, 54
exercise, 94–95
idealization of, 99–100
levels of, 100–102
role of empathy in, 95–97
from subpersonalities, 83–84
Dissociation, 68
vs. disidentification; from heights and depths, 151
as identification, 104–105. See also dissociative identity disorder
Dissociative identity disorder, 68, 162–163
Dualistic denial (Firman), 181
Dynamic Ground (Washburn), 173
Eckhart, Meister, 173
Ecstasy (Laski), 157
Ego splitting (Freud), 93
Ego state therapy, 69
Ego therapy, 69
Empathy, 5–6
essential in crisis of transformation, 52–53
failure of, example, 150–151
failure of, in intimate relationship, 136–137
as felt connection to all things, 146
as “glue of personality,” 146
and healing of primal wound, 128–129
and healing of spiritual wounding, 167–168
for inner victim, 132–133
as mirroring, 115–118
role in disidentification, 95–97
role in healing primal wounding, 174
of Self, 174–175
and subpersonalities, 81–89
of therapist, 81
as transcendent-immanent, 174–175
Endopsychic perception (A. Freud), 93–94
Engler, Jack, 102
on noself, 198n. 1
Enlightenment, attachment to, 198n. 3
Experiential range, expansion of, 33–34, 55, 159, 182
External unifying center. See unifying center: external
Fairbairn, W. Ronald D., 103, 155
False Self: (Whitfield), 125
Federn, Paul, 69
Ferrucci, Piero, on subpersonality formation, 197n. 2
Finley, James, 101
Firman, John, 181
“I” and Self, 7
and inception of developmental ring model, 113
Primal Wound, The, 7
Forgiveness, 139
Fractional analysis, 55
and subpersonality recognition, 78
Freud, Anna, 93–94
Freud, Sigmund, 69, 93, 103, 130, 155, 173
Freud/Jung Letters, The, 9
Friedman, Will, 3
“Fundamental infirmity of man” (Assagioli), 46–47
Gestalt therapy, 69
Gila, Ann, Primal Wound, The, 7
Govinda, Lama, 14
on individuality and universality, 204n. 1
Green, Alyce and Elmer, 198n. 4
Grof, Stanislav, on psychosynthesis, 193n. 1
Grounding, of insight in daily life, 87
Herman, Judith Lewis, 202n. 6
Higgins, Gina O’Connell, 114, 202n. 6, 203n. 13
Higher Self, as unnecessary term, 195n. 8. See also Self
Higher unconscious, 2
addiction to, 181
description of, 31–33
formation of, 27–29
and interplay with lower unconscious, 33–34, 51–52, 54, 88–89, 161–167, 180
as lost aspect of experiential range, 32, 33, 34, 154–155
not as “the future,” 194n. 5, 196n. 9
and personal psychosynthesis, 178–179
in subpersonality work, 88–89
and transpersonal psychosynthesis, 179–180
Hitting bottom, 51, 79, 128, 130
Hitting top, 51
Holding environment, 115, 119, 120, 142
Holon (Koestler), 197n. 5
Humanistic psychology, 2, 11, 33
“I,” 93–109
consciousness and will of, 35–36, 108–109
description of, 34–36, 97, 100, 102–103, 109
as distinct from ego, 103
as distinct from nuclear self, 103
as distinct from self-representation, 103
as distinct from soma and psyche, 102–103, 108
as distinct from True Self, 103
emergence of, 56–58, 77, 117–118
and empathy, 95–97
identified with subpersonality, 75, 80
as noself, 97, 198n. 1, 199n. 7
as reflection of Self, 39–40, 42, 172–175
revealed in psychotherapy and meditation, 37
as spirit, 102–103
as transcendent-immanent, 35, 37–38, 56, 103–104, 159–160, 171–172
union with Self, 39–40, 173–174, 186–187, 191. See also I-Self relationship
“I” and Self (Firman), 7
I-Self relationship, 38–42, 171–176
break in, as illusion, 173–174
as dialogue, 63–64
as empathic, 174–175
healing of, 146–147
in human development, 117–121
as source of being, 159–160
as spiritual, 160
as transcendent-immanent, 58–59, 173–175. See also Self-realization
I-Thou (Buber), 27, 40, 122, 124, 129, 149
Id (Freud), 173
Ideal model, 190
Idealization: positive, 181–182
positive and negative, 156–159
Identification: caused by primal wound, 97–99
vs. experiencing, 105
shift in, 82–83
with subpersonalities, 74–76
with survival personality, 97–99. See also transpersonal identification
Individuation (Jung), 121
Induction, 180
Infancy, and undifferentiated state, 130, 166, 167, 173, 194n. 2, 199n. 1
Infatuation with the sublime, 181. See also transpersonal identification; inflation
Inflation, 204n. 2. See also transpersonal identification; infatuation with the sublime
Inner wisdom, technique of, 63–64, 190–191
Institute of Transpersonal Psychology, 15
Instituto di Psicosintesi, 14
Internal family systems therapy, 69
Internal unifying center. See unifying center: internal
Intersubjective psychology, 4, 5, 7
James, William, 12, 32, 69, 155, 161
John of the Cross, Saint, 107
Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 11
Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 11
Judy, Dwight, 200n. 2
and collective unconscious, 20–21
concept of individuation, 121
on God, 176
on numinosum, 32
Kegan, Robert, 200n. 2
Kernberg, Otto, 155
Khan, Inhayat, 14
“King Baby,” 130–133
Koestler, Arthur, 197n. 5
Kohut, Heinz, 103, 115–116, 120, 121, 159, 200n. 2
on nonempathic environment, 122
Kornfield, Jack, 101
Kull, Steve, 69
Lao-tzu, 107
on desolation experience, 158
Lewis, C. S., “surprised by joy,” 33
Lifton, Robert Jay, 204n. 2
Lower unconscious, 2
description of, 29–31
emergence of, 30–31
formation of, 27–29
and interplay with higher unconscious, 33–34, 51–52, 54, 88–89, 161–167, 180
as lost aspect of experiential range, 30, 34, 153–154
and personal psychosynthesis, 177–178
in subpersonality work, 88–89
and transpersonal psychosynthesis, 180
Mahler, Margaret, 199n. 1
Maslow, Abraham, 3, 10, 14, 155, 176, 181, 200n. 3
and higher unconscious, 32–33
Masterson, James, 155
Meditation and contemplation, 108, 198n. 1
and disidentification, 94, 101–102
and subpersonality recognition, 77
on early subpersonality theory, 197n. 1
on empathy, 96
experience of Self-realization, 42
Middle unconscious, 2
description of, 21–26
expansion of, 33–34, 54–55, 182
and personal psychosynthesis, 177–178
profundity, depth, and creativity of, 25–26
structuralization of, 21–24
and subpersonalities, 68
and subpersonality formation, 71, 73
and synthesis of subpersonalities, 90–91
Miller, Alice, 200n. 2
on early trauma, 202n. 6
on forgiveness, 139
Mirroring: description of, 115–117
Self as source of, 117–118
transcendent-immanent vs. nonempathic, 105–107
Winnicott on, 115
Morphilia, 198n. 5
Morphobia, 198n. 5
Multiple personality disorder. See dissociative identity disorder
Mutual influence, 117
Negative personality, 196n. 9, 202n. 8
Negative unifying center, 196n. 9, 201n. 2, 202n. 8, 203n. 10
Nelson, John E., 173
Neumann, Erich, 200n. 3
Nonbeing: caused by empathic failure, 121–122
threat of, and survival contract, 137–138. See also primal wound
Noself, as “I,” 97, 198n. 1, 199n. 7
Nuclear self (Kohut), 103, 116, 121
Object relations theory, 4, 7, 201n. 2
Observing self (Deikman), 94
Otto, Rudolf, 32
Ouspensky, P. D., 14
Oval diagram. See psychosynthesis: oval diagram of; Self: and oval diagram
Peak experiences, 10, 11, 32, 155, 157, 179
Perls, Fritz, 69
Personal identity. See “I”
Personal psychosynthesis, 10–11, 171, 177–179, 182
not separate from transpersonal psychosynthesis, 178–179, 182
alignment with transpersonal will, 61, 63–64, 186–187
as distinct from willpower, 109
and powerlessness, 109
relationship to consciousness, 36–37
relationship to transpersonal will, 38, 184
as transcendent-immanent, 108–109. See also “I”
Personality, description of, 73. See also authentic personality; negative personality; positive personality; survival personality
Personality harmonization, phases of, 130–147
survival, 73–76
Piaget, Jean, and formation of inner patterns, 21–22
Polster, Erv, 69
Positive inflation (Jung), 198n. 3
Positive personality, 196n. 9, 202n. 7
Positive unifying center, 196n. 9, 201n. 2, 202n. 7
Primal Wound, The (Firman and Gila), 7
Primal wound: 121–125
and addictions, 49
addressed in psychotherapy, 138–139
cause of, 122–123
as cause of identification, 97–99
description of, 149–152
emerging in intimacy, 133–134, 136–137
and formation of higher and lower unconscious, 27–29
healed by empathy, 128–129
healing vs. fixing, 141
and meaning of “primal,” 122
not necessarily intentional, 123–124
role in psychological disturbances, 160–167
and splitting, 150–153
and subpersonalities, 73–76
Projection, 137
Psicoanalisi e Psicosintesi (Assagioli), 19
Psyche. See spirit, soma, and psyche
Psychoanalysis: and Assagioli, 1–3, 9–11
evolution of, 4
and psychosynthesis split, 2–3
relational model, 4
Psychological disturbances, 159–167
not result of fixation or regression, 163–167
spiritual aspect of, 168–169
those who struggle with, 166–167
Psychology: four forces of, 11
and spirituality, 167–169
Psychosis, 165–166
Psychosynthesis (Assagioli), 2, 7, 13, 15, 19
Psychosynthesis: addresses whole person, 6
birth of, 1–2
concepts of, in contemporary psychology, 4
developmental theory, 5, 111–147, 191
distinct from techniques, 192
and diverse traditions, 15–17
and existential psychology, 3
and humanistic psychology, 2, 3, 11
model of the person, 20–43
not a spiritual path, 16–17
oval diagram of, 20 Fig. 2.1, 151, 152, 172, 177
and rapprochement with psychoanalysis, 4–5
supports path of Self-realization, 6
and transpersonal psychology, 2, 3, 11. See also personal psychosyn-thesis; stages of psychosynthesis; transpersonal psychosynthesis
Psychosynthesis of the ages (Assagioli), 113
Psychosynthesis Institute: New York, 3
Palo Alto, California, 69
Redwood City, California, 155
Psychosynthesis Research Foundation, 3
Psychosynthesis training, seven essential aspects of, 6
Psychotherapy, as spiritual, 169
Radhakrishnan, on individuality and universality, 204n. 1
Reflections on Ecopsychosynthesis, 201n. 8
example of, 54
in surviving primal wounding, 150–153
Repression of the sublime, 31, 33, 182
Ring model, 124
Assagioli on, 113
description of, 113–118
diagram of, 114 fig. 6.2, 116 fig. 6.3, 118 fig. 6.4
Rogers, Carl, 3
Rosenthal, Gary, 198n. 3, 204n. 2
Rowan, John, 69
Rudhyar, Dane, 14
Rueffler, Margaret, 196n. 4
Sanville, Prilly, 106
Satir, Virginia, 69
Scotton, Bruce, 10
Self: break of connection with, 155–156
in contact stage, 58–61
description of, 38–42
as distinct from totality, 42, 172–173
relationship with, 5–6
in response stage, 61–64
as source of call, 11
as source of individuality, 172–173
as source of mirroring, 117–118, 118 fig. 6.4
and stages of psychosynthesis, 58–59
as Thou, 40
as transcendent-immanent, 40–42, 120, 160, 172–176, 188
and union with “I,” 39–40, 173–174, 186–187, 191
as universal, 175–176. See also I-Self relationship; Self-realization
Self (Jung), 38–39, 69, 173, 175
Self psychology, 4, 7, 115, 122
Self-actualization, 10
in contact stage, 61
development of, 95–97
examples of, 54, 60, 62, 143–144
Self-realization, 5–6, 11, 171–192
description of, 2
as distinct from personal and transpersonal psychosynthesis, 183
as involving any level of experience, 41–42
as journey, 183–184
as marriage to Self, 188
not “becoming Self,” 176
not state of consciousness, 183–184, 187
in psychosynthesis therapy, 188–190
in response stage, example of, 62–63
and stages of psychosynthesis, 58–59
and subpersonalities, 91
as transcendent-immanent, 183–184. See also I-Self relationship
Shadow, negative and positive, 195n. 6
Smith, Eugene, 12
Social activism, arising from personal transformation, 145
Soma. See spirit, soma, and psyche
Spirit, soma, and psyche, 102–103
Spiritual bypassing (Welwood), 181
Spiritual emergency, 2, 13, 203n. 12
Spiritual Ground (Nelson), 173
Spiritual psychosynthesis. See transpersonal psychosynthesis
Spiritual wounding, 167–168
Spirituality and psychology, 167–169
caused by primal wounding, 150–153
of experiential range, 30, 33, 34, 47–48, 52, 152–157, 160
profundity of, 155–156
structuralization of, 152–153
Stages of psychosynthesis, 45–65, 186
Assagioli on, 45
not sequential, 45–46
as response to fundamental infirmity of man, 46–47
stage zero, survival, 47–53
stage one, exploration, 53–56
stage two, emergence of “I,” 56–58
stage three, contact, 58–61
stage four, response, 61–64
Sterba, Richard, 94
Stern, Daniel, 21, 173, 194n. 2, 199n. 1
Stolorow, Robert, on psychosis, 203n. 11
Subpersonalities: acceptance of, 81–85
and archetypes, 71–72
and call, 91
conflicts between, 75–76, 79–82
and crisis of transformation, 76, 79
death of, 91
disidentification from, 83–84
empathy for, 81–89
formation of, 70–73, 72 fig. 4.1
higher and lower unconscious and, 88–89
identification with, 74–76
inclusion of, 85–89
and middle unconscious, 23–25 67–91
naming of, 84
preserved in synthesis, 90–91
recognition of, 77–81
and shift in identification, 82–83
in survival, 73–76
synthesis of, 89–91
techniques for working with, 85
timesharing between, 87
transpersonal qualities of, 88–89
wants and needs of, 85–86
Superconscious. See higher unconscious
Surrender, 52–53
Survival contract, 137–139, 140
Survival personality, 48–51, 125–129
as broken self-empathy, 49
example of, 97–99
formation of, 154
high functioning, 126
idealized in narcissism, 163
identification with, 126
and psychosis, 166
recognition of, 130–133
shift from, 146–147
and subpersonalities, 74–76, 79
and survival unifying center, 150–153
taking responsibility for, 142
violent, 165
Survival unifying center, 48
external, 152
internal, 152
and survival personality, 150–153
Suzuki, D.T., 14
Synthesis: and analysis, 10
dysfunctional, 163
individuality preserved in, 90–91
and middle unconscious, 22–23
of subpersonalities, 89–91
and subpersonality formation, 72–73
Tackett, Victoria, 127
Tagore, Rabindranath, 14
Tao, 175
Terrorism, 204n. 2
Textbook of Transpersonal Psychiatry and Psychology (Scotton, Chinen, and Battista), 10
Theosophy, 16
Therapeutic dissociation (Sterba), 94
Time-sharing, between two subpersonalities, 87
Trance: and identification with subpersonalities, 76
and survival unifying center, 150–153
Transactional analysis, 69
Transcendence-immanence: East and West, 107
of I-Self relationship, 58–59, 183–185
Transmuting internalization (Kohut), 120
Transpersonal Development (Assagioli), 15
Transpersonal identification, 100–102. See also infatuation with the sublime; inflation
Transpersonal psychology, 2, 11, 33
Transpersonal psychosynthesis, 10–11, 171, 179–182
not separate from personal psychosynthesis, 178–179, 182
Transpersonal qualities: 155, 178–179, 181–182
and archetypes, 71–72
and positive idealization, 157
and subpersonalities, 88–89
in subpersonality formation, 70–73
Transpersonal Self, as unnecessary term, 195n. 8. See also Self
Transpersonal will: alignment of personal will with, 61, 63–64
relationship to personal will, 38, 184
and stages of psychosynthesis, 58–59
Trauma, role in psychopathology, 202n. 6. See also primal wound
True Self (Winnicott), 103, 115, 121, 125
Unconscious: natural role of, 22–23
permeability of, 21
plastic, 194n. 3
structured, 194n. 3
and subpersonalities, 23–25. See also collective unconscious; higher unconscious; lower unconscious; middle unconscious
Unifying center, 22
external, 72–73
external, examples of, 119
external, in human development, 117–121
in subpersonality formation, 70–73
as trigger for innate potential, 22, 71. See also authentic unifying center; negative unifying center; positive unifying center; survival unifying center
Van der Kolk, Bessel A., 168, 202n. 6
on subpersonality formation, 197n. 2
on subpersonality recognition, 78
Varieties of Religious Experience, The (James), 32
Victim identification, 130–133, 147
Vocation. See call
Voice dialogue, 69
Washburn, Michael, on splitting, 201n. 4 155, 173, 200n. 3
Weiser, John, 205n. 4
on repression of heights and depths, 153
Whitfield, Charles: on addiction, 49
on connection between wounding and addiction, 128
on early trauma, 202n. 6, 203n. 13
on True Self, 125
Wilber, Ken: on Spirit, 175
on ultimate pathology, 198n. 5
Will. See personal will; transpersonal will
Winnicott, D. W.: 103, 119, 121, 124, 159
on False Self, 125
on mirroring, 115
on psychosis and wounding, 166
on True Self, 125
Yeomans, Thomas, 200n. 3, 205n. 4
Zaehner, R. C., 198n. 3