CONTENTS
Introduction
Chapter 1: Matter and Its Phases
General Considerations
System Variables
The Phase Rule
Phase Diagrams
Chapter 2: Properties of Gases
Kinetic-Molecular Picture
Numerical Magnitudes
Intermolecular Separation and Average Speed
Mean Free Path and Collision Rate
Molecular Sizes
Summary of Numerical Magnitudes
Free-Molecule Gas
Continuity of Gaseous and Liquid States
Behaviour and Properties
Equilibrium Properties
Transport Properties
Chapter 3: Kinetic Theory of Gases
Ideal Gas
Pressure
Effusion
Thermal Transpiration
Viscosity
Thermal Conductivity
Diffusion and Thermal Diffusion
Boltzmann Equation
Deviations from the Ideal Model
Equation of State
Transport Properties
Chapter 4: Properties of Liquids
Transitions Between States of Matter
Behaviour of Pure Liquids
Phase Diagram of a Pure Substance
Representative Values of Phase-Diagram Parameters
Behaviour of Substances Near Critical and Triple Points
Surface Tension
Molecular Structure of Liquids
Speed of Sound and Electric Properties
Chapter 5: Liquid Solutions and Solubility
Classes of Solutions
Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes
Weak Electrolytes
Endothermic and Exothermic Solutions
Properties of Solutions
Composition Ratios
Equilibrium Properties
Colligative Properties
Transport Properties in Solutions
Thermodynamics and Intermolecular Forces in Solutions
Energy Considerations
Effects of Molecular Structure
Molecular Structure and Charge Distribution
Effects of Chemical Interactions
Theories of Solutions
Activity Coefficients and Excess Functions
Regular Solutions
Athermal Solutions
Associated and Solvated Solutions
Solutions of Electrolytes
Solubilities of Solids and Gases
Chapter 6: Crystalline Solids and Liquid Crystals
Basic Units of Solids
Long- and Short-Range Order
Categories of Crystals
Structure
The Unit Cell
Structures of Metals
Structures of Nonmetallic Elements
Structures of Binary Crystals
Alloys
Crystal Defects
Determination of Crystal Structures
Types of Bonds
Ionic Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Metallic Bonds
Molecular Binding
Hydrogen Bonding
Crystal Growth
Vapour Growth
Growth from Solution
Growth from the Melt
Dendritic Growth
Liquid Crystals
Structure and Symmetry
Optical Properties
Chapter 7: Amorphous Solids and Quasicrystals
Amorphous Solids
Distinction Between Crystalline and Amorphous Solids
Preparation of Amorphous Solids
Atomic-Scale Structure
Properties of Oxide Glasses
Properties and Applications of Amorphous Solids
Quasicrystals
Structure and Symmetry
Properties
Chapter 8: Plasma
The Development of Plasma Physics
Plasma Oscillations and Parameters
Basic Plasma Physics
Plasma Formation
Methods of Describing Plasma Phenomena
Determination of Plasma Variables
Waves in Plasmas
Applications of Plasmas
Natural Plasmas
Extraterrestrial Forms
Solar-Terrestrial Forms
Chapter 9: Clusters
Comparison with Bulk Matter
Comparison with Molecules
Methods of Study
Preparation of Clusters
Ionization and Sorting of Clusters
Computer Simulation of Cluster Behaviour
Structure
Clusters with Icosahedral Structures
Clusters of Simple Metal Atoms
Network Structures
Physical Properties
Liquid and Solid Phases
Electric, Magnetic, and Optical Properties
Chemical Properties
Conclusion
Glossary
Bibliography
Index