A/B testing, 157
Accel Partners, 1–2
acquisition programs, 99–100, 101, 102–5
adaptation:
intentional (top-down), 136–37
organic (bottom-up), 136–38, 182
strategic vs. tactical, 137–38
adaptive management, 3, 220–21
culture of, 204–14, 227, 230–31, 233
eleven principles of, 7–11, 223–27; see also specific principles
as fusion of strategy and tactics, 7, 151, 206–7
nine processes of, 210–14, 229–33; see also specific processes
as response to multiple futures, 10, 127, 225
scientific method as basis of, 8, 121, 160
skepticism and, 205–6
see also metrics, managing by
Adelfinger, Tim, 197
Afghanistan, 54
Aguila, Alex, 54
AIG, 112
Alienware, 54–55
Allen, Paul, 219
AltaVista, 113
Alterations, Principle of, 10, 175, 226–27
Amazon.com, 98–99
Ambience Candles, Plan A for, 96–108
American Express, 63–64, 186–88
strategic evolution of, 189–90
Travelers Cheques of, 189
Anderson, Tom, 23–24
AOL Instant Messaging (AIM), 25
Apollo space program, 6, 39–43, 56, 76–79
hypothesis of, 77
tactical scenarios for, 77–78
Apple, 7, 18, 36–37, 54, 74, 183–84, 90
“coolness” factor and, 37
Jobs fired by, 114
arms race, 125–26
Army Command and General Staff College, U.S., 5, 14
Art of War, The (Sun Tzu), 5
AT&T, 196
atomic bomb, 47–50, 206–7, 215–17
automobile industry, category creation in, 55–56
automobiles, invention of, 161
backward reasoning, 114–15, 121, 211, 229
Bailey, James, 51
Barber, Brad, 195
Barnum, P. T., 51
battlefields, choosing, 51–61, 224
Beatles, 114
Bellagio, 52
Ben Franklin variety stores, 173–74
Bentonville, Ark., 176
Berry, Marcellus, 189
BIC, 60
biology, organic design in, 136
BlackBerry, 37
Black Swan, The (Taleb), 113
blind taste tests, 197–98, 200–201
Bloch, Henry, 64–65
Bloch, Richard, 64
Blockbuster, 4
Blue Cross Blue Shield, 33, 34
Bockscar, 215
Bombardon, Operation, 15
Born, Max, 124
Borrowing Brilliance (Murray), 5, 27, 211, 230
bottom-up thinking, see tactics, tactical planning
brain, pattern detection and, 166
Breeden, Mrs., 203–4
Breeden, Richard, 203–4
Brin, Sergey, 113
buggy whip industry, 161
business:
forecasting in, see forecasting
science of, see economics
business environment:
as chaotic system, 9–10, 121–25, 127, 134–35, 211, 221, 225, 229–30
speed of change in, 3, 7–8, 9, 151, 223
business models:
acquisition programs in, 99–100, 101, 102–5
centralized vs. distributed, 210, 211–12, 230
chaotic systems and, 121–22, 229–30
driving forces in, 128
evolution of, 3, 10, 19, 56, 106, 110, 175–83
failure of, 4–5, 131–50, 151, 154–55
forecasting in, see forecasting
for health care, 30–34
identification of problem as starting point for, 27
implementation plans for, 107–8
luck and, 217–20
measurement of, see metrics
in Plan A, 106–7
retention programs in, 99–101
as solutions to problems, 8, 19, 25–26, 151–52, 208
strategic (top-down) approach to, 61
tactical (bottom-up) approach to, 61, 175–83
testing of, 140–41
of Wal-Mart, 174–79
business plans, see Plan A; Plan B
BusinessWeek, 114
Business Wire, 97–98
Butcher, Harry, 21
Butler brothers, 174
butterfly effect, 123, 217, 221
buyers’ momentum, 59
buying decisions, emotions in, 200, 201
Canada, 51
cancer, early detection of, 31, 33
cannibalization, as dilemma of innovation, 190–92
can openers, 17–18
capital punishment, 169–70
Carpenter, Scott, 77
Cartier, Jacques, 51
Cascade Range, 132
Cascading Objectives, Principle of, 9, 88–91, 225
category creation, 54, 55–56, 60
causation:
in stories, 202–3
use of metrics as search for, 158–60
Challenger catastrophe, 73, 79, 113, 117–18
Challenger Revealed (Cook), 79
Chancellorsville, Battle of, 53–54
Chandler, Alfred, 6
chaotic systems, 9–10, 121–25, 211, 221, 225, 229–30
butterfly effect in, 123, 217, 221
Cherbourg, France, 44
Christensen, Clayton, 190
Circuit City, 4
Cirque du Soleil, 51–52, 55, 56
Classic Coke, 168
Clausewitz, Carl von, 5, 53, 58, 60
click-through rate, 106, 108, 152
Cobb, Howell, 38
Coca-Cola (Classic Coke), 54, 197–98, 200–201
Coca-Cola Company, 168, 171, 197–99, 200–201
coincident indicators, 87
Cold War, 125–26
Commonwealth Fund, 30–31
Communist Party, U.S., 48
competition:
Principle of Force and, 9, 54–61, 224
see also market share
competitive advantage, sustainable, 70
Competitive Advantage (Porter), 5
complacency, 146
computers:
disruptive technologies and, 190–91
operating systems of, 217–20
see also specific companies
concreteness bias (illusion of knowledge), 193–99, 202–3, 221
concurrent thinking, 109, 206, 213
Concurrent Thinking, Principle of, 9, 71–74, 224–25
Confederacy, 37–38
confirmation bias, 166–71, 202, 211, 229
consumer credit–income ratio, 87
consumer price index, 87
consumer research, 198–202
contingency planning, scenario planning vs., 128
Cook, Richard, 79–80
“coolness” factor, 37
correlation:
negative, 163
positive, 162–63
Correlation and Causation, Principle of, 10, 160–63, 226
Cortés, Hernan, 129
cost, price vs., 27
Crest toothpaste, 36
cross docking, 176
culture, of organizations, 11
adaptive management and, 204–14, 227, 230–31, 233
dashboards, business, 91–93, 213, 232
data, 205
seductiveness of, 194–96, 202–4, 221
Davidson, Art, 130
Davis, Jefferson, 38
D-Day, see Normandy, Allied invasion of
debate, strategic, 10–11, 207–10, 227, 233
de Bono, Edward, 207
Decca Records, 114
decision making:
personal experience and, 203–4
defense, competition and, 87–88, 99
defense, superiority of, 58–61
Dell, 54–55
Denali Pass, 130
Denial (Tedlow), 147–48
Diet Coke, 197–98
Digital Equipment Corporation, 190
digital photography, 4
Digital Research, 218–19
diminishing returns, law of, 179–81
disease, chronic, early detection of, 31–32
Disney, Walt, 71
Disneyland, 71
disruptive technologies, 190–92
Don’t Believe Everything You Think (Kida), 166–67
Doomsday Device, 126
Doubt, Principle of, 10, 145–50, 226
Dr Pepper, 54
Dr. Strangelove (film), 126
Drucker, Peter, 6
Duke, Mike, 179
Durant, William, 27
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Presidential Library and Museum, 21
“Eager Sellers and Stony Buyers” (Gourville), 59
Ebbinghaus, Hermann, 180
economic indicators, 87, 90, 91
economics:
economies of scale, 177
Edison, Thomas, 68
Einstein, Albert, 47
Eisenhower, Dwight, 13–16, 17, 20–21, 26, 44, 52, 83, 127, 149–50
Emancipation Proclamation, 38
energy generation, centralized vs. distributed, 210, 211, 230
Enola Gay, 215
Enron, 142–44
Erie Canal, 186
Ernst, Mark, 63–66
strategic, 10, 214, 232–33, see also Strategic Alterations, Principle of
tactical, 10, 192, 214, 227, 232–33, see also Tactical Alterations, Principle of
Excite, 113
experiment, in scientific method, 120
experts, trusting in, 196–97, 204
Facebook, 1–3, 6, 7, 9, 11, 23, 162, 170
choice of battlefield and, 56–58, 224
hypothesis of, 25–27, 34, 38, 80, 152
mission of, 83–84
News Feed of, 152–54
objectives and metrics for, 26, 84, 88, 152–54, 157
strategic alignment at, 71–72, 76
virtual gifts at, 156
Zuckerberg’s skepticism of, 205–6
Facebook Effect, The (Kirkpatrick), 25, 205–6
failure:
abandoning of, 131–50, 182, 214
as happening at tactical level, 154–55
learning from, 159–60
in space shuttle program, 73, 79, 113, 117–18
Fanning, Shawn, 153
Fargo, James, 188–89
Fastow, Andrew, 143
fate, 221
FBI, 48
fear, see paranoia
Fiedler, Edgar, 125
financial crisis of 2008, 112
fission, nuclear, 49
flanking maneuvers, 53–54
focus groups, 198–202
Fooled by Randomness (Taleb), 194
Force, Principle of, 9, 51–61, 224
tactical inventories and, 52, 60–61
forecasting, 9–10, 111–30, 151, 205
chaotic systems and, 121–25, 134, 211, 217, 221, 225, 229–30
concreteness bias (illusion of knowledge) and, 193–94, 196–97, 202–3, 221
multiple scenarios in, 9–10, 125–30, 141, 211, 212, 217, 229–30
scientific method and, 120
in social sciences, 120–29
of weather, 122–23
Fortune, 87
frequency, in messaging, 179–80, 182–83
Friedman, Billings, Ramsey (FBR), 112
Friis, Janus, 69–70
fusion, nuclear, 49
future, prediction of, see forecasting
Gagarin, Yuri, 77
Galileo Galilei, 120
Galton, Francis, 162
gamers, 54–55
game theory, 125–26
Gates, Bill, 7, 114, 184, 208–9, 217–20
General Electric (GE), 87–88, 209–10
Genet, Ray, 130
Germany, Nazi, Normandy invasion and, 14–16, 34, 44
Gettysburg, Battle of, 9, 58, 225
giraffe, evolution of, 136, 138
GMAC, 27
see also metrics; missions, mission statements
Goizueta, Roberto, 168, 197–99, 200–201
Goldwyn, Samuel, 220
Gonzales, Lawrence, 132
Gonzalez, Nelson, 54
pay-per-click (PPC) program of, 99, 100, 102
Gooseberry, Operation, 15
Gourville, John, 59
Grand Canyon, 207
gross national product (GNP), 87
Groves, Leslie, 47–48
guerrilla marketing, 54–55
guerrilla warfare, 54
Haig, Douglas, 139–40
Half Dome (Yosemite), 141
H&R Block, 63–67, 158–60, 191–92, 195, 203–4
primary problem of, 8, 65, 224
strategic failure at, 64–66, 154, 155
Hanford, Wash., 49
Hansen, James, 78
Hard Drive (Wallace), 208
Harris, Jack (char.), 131–33, 134
health care:
business model for, 30–34, 44–46
cost of, 30–33
early detection and, 31–32, 45
income generation as primary function of, 32
integration of insurance and care in, 30, 33, 45–46
quality of, 30
Heisenberg, Werner, 199
Heisenberg Effect, 199–202
Hemingway, Ernest, 96
herd mentality, 59–60
Hewlett-Packard, 55
hindsight bias, 116–19, 121, 211, 212, 221, 229
Hiroshima, bombing of, 50, 215
Hitler, Adolf, 16
Honeywell, 190
Hood, Mount, 131–33
Houston Natural Gas, 143
How to Live Longer and Feel Better (Pauling), 197
Hudson Institute, 125
Hughes, Wayne, 75
hypotheses:
evaluation of, 9, 24, 26, 37–38, 205
evolution of, 183
incorrect or obsolete, 37–38
root causes and, 27–32
in scientific method, 120
as solutions to problems, 8, 10, 25–26, 27–28, 44–45, 77, 88, 101, 208, 212, 230
trial and error and, 104, 159–60
360 product line of, 85–87
illusion of knowledge (concreteness bias), 193–99, 202–3, 221
Immelt, Jeff, 210
indicators, economic, 87, 90, 91
information:
collection of, 166–69
concreteness bias (illusion of knowledge) and, 193–96, 202–3, 221
interpretation of, 166, 169–70
innovation, cannibalization dilemma in, 190–92
Innovator’s Dilemma (Christensen), 190
instant messaging, 25
insurance industry, 111–12
integrated managed care, 32–33
Intel, 145–50
intentional (top-down) design, 121, 136–37
interest rates, 87
International Space Station, 6
InterNorth, 143
Intuit, 36, 184–85, 190, 212, 231
inventions, 68
ripple effect of, 161–62
iPad, 183
Shuffle, 158
iTunes store, 18–20
Ive, Jonathan, 18
JCPenney, 176
Jobs, Steve, 7, 18, 20, 36–37, 71, 184, 206–7, 209
Johnston, Dave, 130
Kahn, Herman, 125–27
tactical inventory of, 45–46
Kepler, Johannes, 120
Kida, Thomas, 166–67
Kierkegaard, Søren, 116
Kildall, Dorothy, 218–19
Kildall, Gary, 218–19
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 67–68
Kirkpatrick, David, 25
Kokura luck, 217–20
Kubrick, Stanley, 126
lagging indicators, 87
Laliberté, Guy, 51
Lay, Kenneth, 143
leading indicators, 87, 90, 91
learning curves, 180
failure as, 159–60
leasing companies, 89–91
Lee, Bruce, 220
Lee, Robert E., 9, 53–54, 75, 225
LEM (lunar excursion module), 42
Lepper, Mark, 169–70
Liddell Hart, B. H., 17, 58–59, 60
lightbulb, 161
Lincoln, Abraham, 37–38
linear regression, 162
Lobnitz, Operation, 15
Lord, Charles, 169–70
Lorenz, Edward, 122–23
Lousma, Jack, 39–40
luck, business models and, 217–20
lunar excursion module (LEM), 42
lurking variables, 163–65
MacArthur, Douglas, 14
McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company, 72, 124
McKinley, Mount, 28, 29, 129–30, 204–5
McKinsey & Company, 111, 144, 196
management by objectives (MBO), 6
marketing, 179–81
Marketing Warfare (Ries and Trout), 60
market share, 54–55, 85, 87–88, 91
see also competition
memory chips, 146–47
messaging, frequency in, 179–80, 182–83
Metallica, 19
meteorology, 122–23
metrics, 9, 24, 26, 106, 141, 225, 232
missions and, 83–84
metrics, managing by, 150, 151–71
at Facebook, 26, 84, 88, 152–54, 157
as search for cause and effect, 158–60
as tactical optimization, 156–58, 213, 232
microprocessors, 148–49
Microsoft, 7, 114, 184, 208–9, 217–20
Minus 148° (Davidson), 130
missions, mission statements, 10–11, 227
metrics and, 83–84
Mlodinow, Leonard, 122
Moazami, Bijan, 111–13
Model T Ford, 27
momentum, 144–45
Moore, Gordon, 147–49
“Mother and Child Reunion” (Simon), 74–75
mountaineering:
adaptation in, 131–34
author’s experiences with, 6, 28–29, 129–30, 145, 204–5
hindsight bias in, 118
slippery slopes in, 141–42, 145
MS-DOS, 217–20
Mulberry, Operation, 15–16, 34
Multiple Futures, Principle of, 9–10, 125–29, 225
Munroe, Randall, 165
Murray, Katie, 29–30, 124, 161, 207, 209
Murray, Terri, 124
mutation, 136
mutual assured destruction (MAD), 125–26
Myspace, 9, 23–24, 26–27, 38, 56, 57, 84, 110, 224
Nagasaki, bombing of, 50, 216, 219
NASA:
space station and, 68–69
see also Apollo space program; space shuttle
National Cable &Telecommunications Association, 164
natural selection, 138
Naval Postgraduate School, 75
Newport News Shipbuilding, 123–24
Newton (Apple device), 184
Newton, Isaac, 119–20
Nguyen, Tila (Tila Tequila), 24
Normandy, Allied invasion of, 13–16, 19, 20–21, 26, 34, 44, 52, 83, 95, 110, 127, 149–50
North Vietnam, 54
Nostradamus, 125
NutraSweet, 164
Oak Ridge, Tenn., 49
oarsmen, coordination of, 88–89
objectives:
management by (MBO), 6
Oddo, Ernie, 124
Olde Financial, 65
On Thermonuclear War (Kahn), 125
OPEC, 126
operating costs, 175–77
operating systems, computer, 217–20
Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 47–50, 85, 206–7, 215
optimization, of tactics, 156–58, 213
Option One Mortgage, 65
organic (bottom-up) design, 121, 136–38, 182
Overlord, Operation, see Normandy, Allied invasion of
Page, Larry, 113
PalmPilot, 135
Paper Plans, Principle of, 9, 109–10, 226
paranoia, value of, 10, 140, 145, 149–50, 204–5, 226
Parker, Sean, 206
pattern detection, human brain and, 166
Pauling, Linus, 196–97
Peale, Norman Vincent, 140, 150
Pearson, Karl, 162
Pedralia, Bob, 68–69
peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing, 69–70
Pentagon, construction of, 47
Perot, Ross, 114
personal computers (PCs), as disruptive technology, 190–91
phonograph, 68
physics, Newtonian, 119–20
Plan A, 95–110
adaptability in, 11, 21, 105, 134–36, 151, 223, 229
background in, 97–98
business model in, 106–7
concurrent thinking and, 109
defining primary problem in, 23–38, 97
forecasting in, see forecasting
grand strategy of, 13–21
implementation plan in, 107–8
importance of writing process in, 9, 95–96, 109–10, 226
ongoing evaluation of, 128–29
overview in, 96–97
as solving hierarchy of problems, 110
strategic alignment in, 102, 109
strategy in, 99–101
tactical inventory of, 39–50
Plan B, 173–92
as evolution of Plan A, 4–5, 10, 19, 39, 105, 110, 129, 215–22, 223, 226, 229
innovator’s dilemma and, 190–92
Intel and, 145–50
strategic evolution and, 183–90
tactical evolution and, 175–83
planning, process vs. result in, 9, 21
plutonium, 49–50
points of view, 207–8
Polaroid Corporation, 4, 8, 185, 189, 223–24
Pony Express, 187
Popcorn, Faith, 112
positive test strategy, 167–68
positive thinking, 140, 150, 226
Post Office, U.S., 186
Power of Positive Thinking, The (Peale), 140
Preferred Capital, 89–91, 92–93, 128, 169, 170, 181–82, 203
price, cost vs., 27
problems:
customer-centered, 26–27, 34, 65, 88, 97, 101, 135
defining, 23–38, 97, 212, 230, 231
hierarchy of, 8, 9, 17, 34–36, 74, 110, 151, 212, 223, 231
hypotheses and, 8, 10, 25–26, 27–28, 44–45, 77, 88, 101, 208, 212, 230
primary, 8, 23–38, 65, 72–73, 80, 84, 88, 97, 135, 177, 223–24, 231; see also missions, mission statements
solving vs. defining, 27
strategic solutions to, 23–24, 34–35, 65
tactical solutions to, 8–9, 24, 35, 46–50, 230
see also solutions
Problems, Principle of, 8, 26–27, 34–38, 223–24
Procter & Gamble, 47
profits, short-term, 143–44
Promontory, Utah, 187
Quebec, Canada, 51
QuickBooks, 185
Rachlinski, Jeffrey, 117
Rainier, Mount, 133–34
RAND Corporation, 125
relationship building, 100–101, 105
retention programs, 99–101
Rhino, Operation, 15–16
Ringling Brothers, 51
rock climbing, 39
author’s experiences with, 6, 28
Rolling Stone, 75
Roman longship, 88–89
Roosevelt, Franklin, 47
Ross, Lee, 169–70
Royal Dutch Shell, 126
Rubenstein, Jon, 18
Safari browser, 36
Sagan, Carl, 161
Sams, Jack, 218–19
San Francisco fire (1906), 188
scenarios, multiple, 9–10, 125–30, 141, 211, 212, 217, 225, 229–30
contingency planning vs., 128
scientific method, 8, 120, 121, 160–61
Scully, John, 114
Sears, 176–77
Seattle Computer Products, 219
Second International Congress on Forecasting, 194
Secret, The (Byrne), 140
Shaw, George Bernard, 36
ships, Roman, 88–89
Simon, Paul, 74–75
single data points, 202–4, 221
site optimization, 156–57
Sittig, Aaron, 26
Six Thinking Hats (de Bono), 207
Skilling, Jeffrey, 143
Skype, 69–70
Slayton, Deke, 79
sleep apnea, 118
slippery slopes:
in mountaineering, 141–42
Smith, Mike, 79
social media, 23–27, 46, 56, 162
see also Facebook; Myspace
social sciences, forecasting in, 120–29
social systems, complexity of, 122
software, feature creep in, 36, 212, 231
solutions:
inventories of, 10, 39–50, 52, 60–61, 127, 225
new problems as created by, 35–36, 224
parallel, 46–50
see also problems
Solutions, Principle of, 8–9, 46–47, 224
Somme, Battle of the, 139, 183
Sony, 54
South Vietnam, 54
Soviet Union, 77
arms race and, 125–26
space race, 77
space shuttle program, 6, 56, 171
catastrophic failures of, 73, 79, 113, 117–18
misalignment of strategy and tactics in, 73–74, 76, 154–55
primary problem (mission) of, 72–73, 84
space station, 68–69
Sputnik, 77
Stanford Daily, 57
stories, causation in, 202–3
strategic alignment, 7–8, 9, 63–81, 102, 109, 175, 206–7, 213, 224–25, 231–32
Strategic Alterations, Principle of, 10, 183–90, 226–27
Strategic Debate, Principle of, 10–11, 207–10, 227
strategy, strategic planning, 3, 213
changing environment and, 182
debate and, 10–11, 207–10, 227, 233
evolution of, 10, 183–90, 214, 226–27, 232–33
fusion of tactics and, see strategic alignment
history of, 5–7
importance of writing process in, 9, 95–96, 109–10, 213, 226, 232
leading indicators and, 87
in Plan A, 99–101
problem solving as goal of, 8, 10, 23–24, 66–67, 88, 99, 135, 212
slippery slopes in, 142–45, 179
tactical adaptation and, 186
tactical inventories and, 43–44, 230
as top-down process, 6–7, 9, 65–68, 225
Strategy and Structure (Chandler), 6
Subdome (Yosemite), 141–42, 145
suburbs, 162
success:
as combination of luck and ability, 220
reinforcement of, 131–50, 182, 214
Sulcer, Louis, 20
Sun Tzu, 5
superiority of defense, 58–61
survival, adaptation as key to, 134, 135–36
Sweeney, Charles, 215–16
Swigert, John, Jr., 40
tablet PCs, 184
Tactical Alterations, Principle of, 10, 175–83, 227
tactics, tactical planning, 3, 6, 65, 205
adaptation and, 46, 134, 136–38
as bottom-up process, 9, 67, 68–70, 225
briefing documents for, 80–81, 213, 231–32
changing environment and, 181–83
diminishing effectiveness of, 179–81, 213, 224
evolution of, 10, 175–83, 192, 214, 227, 232–33
fusion of strategy and, see strategic alignment
intentional duplication of, 46–50
inventories of, 10, 39–50, 52, 60–61, 127, 148, 174, 211–12, 225, 230
in Plan A, 101–5
product, 101–2
as solutions to problems, 8–9, 24, 35, 65–66, 77–78
strategic evolution and, 186
testing of, 1, 69, 103–4, 105, 110, 155–56, 224; see also metrics, managing by
of Wal-Mart, 175–79
TaxNet, 1
Tedlow, Richard, 85, 86, 147–48
Teller, Edward, 49
Teresa, Mother, 67
Tevis, Lloyd, 188
theories, see hypotheses Tibbets, Paul, 215
tic-tac-toe, 115
Time, 146
time spent on the site (TSOTS), 152–53
tin cans, 17–18
top-down thinking, see strategy, strategic planning
traffic verification, 108
transcontinental railroad, 187
Trout, Jack, 60
Truman, Harry, 215
TurboTax, 191–92
Twitter, 162
Tyson, Mike, 11
Ulrich, Lars, 19
uncertainty principle, 199–202
Union of Concerned Scientists, 201
United States, arms race and, 125–26
uranium, 49–50
variables, lurking, 163–65
vertigo, 28
Vietnam War, 54
vitamin C, 197
business model of, 174–79
compensation of store managers at, 176
employee benefits at, 177–78
hierarchy of problems at, 35
logistics at, 176–77
operating costs of, 175–77
primary and secondary metrics of, 91
primary problem of, 8, 26, 34, 35, 80, 88, 177, 223
strategic alignment at, 175, 176, 189, 231–32
tactical evolution at, 174–79, 181
Walton, James, 174
Walton, Rob, 179
Walton, Sam, 26, 35, 88, 173–74, 178
Waterloo, Battle of, 53
Watson, Thomas, Jr., 85, 86–87, 91, 114
weather forecasting, 122–23
Weisskopf, Victor, 48
Wells Fargo:
strategic evolution of, 188–90
tactical adaption at, 187–88
Western Express, 186
West Point, U.S. Military Academy at, 14
Whale, Operation, 15
Whitney, Mount, 118–19
winner’s bias, 139–41
Wirehog, 206
Wood, Steve, 209
word of mouth, 174–75
World War II:
atomic bomb in, 47–50
Normandy invasion in, see Normandy, Allied invasion of
Yahoo!, 113
Yosemite Valley, 141–42
Zappos, 98–99
Zennström, Niklas, 69–70
Zuckerberg, Mark, 1–3, 6, 7, 11, 23, 25–27, 38, 56–58, 71, 76, 152–54
as both strategic and tactical thinker, 155–56
skepticism of, 205–6
see also Facebook