Hyperlinks lead to the top of the page on which a reference occurs.
A
abstraction, 42, 48, 60, 98, 133, 139–40, 155, 159, 160, 161, 164, 165, 173, 175, 233
academy, 27, 30, 34, 49, 142, 153, 200, 222
aesthetics, 13–14, 30, 35–37, 48, 72, 91, 98, 131, 143, 148, 159, 168, 169, 184, 201, 204, 223, 229, 242
Africa, 16, 62, 63, 69, 98, 195, 213, 219
alchemy, 49, 57, 65, 78, 79, 109, 126, 183
Alhambra Palace, 64
Altamira, 136
Americas, 60, 61, 76, 82, 83, 95, 113, 195, 200–201, 224, 225, 231, 232, 233, 234
anatomy, 18, 19, 27, 34, 52, 73, 74, 75, 80, 136, 152, 158, 187, 192, 224, 225
Arabic culture, 35, 52, 64, 65, 99, 105, 111, 118, 171, 179, 215
archaeology, 32, 33, 43, 51, 88, 199
architecture, 26, 39–95, 97, 112–13, 141, 148, 150, 192, 210, 217, 222, 235
astrolabe, 69
astrology, 42, 67, 74, 134, 143, 174, 213
astronomy, 27, 28, 40–46, 51, 54, 57, 58, 60, 61, 69, 71–74, 77–79, 91–92, 112, 174, 213, 234
atoms, 90, 91, 125, 129–30, 157, 161
automata, 103, 212, 215, 218, 222, 235, 240
B
Bayeux, 57
Belgium, 237
Benedictine order, 56
Bible, 60, 64, 151, 176, 177, 184, 185, 193
biology, 35, 49, 88, 93, 94, 95, 100, 101, 168, 187, 192, 194–95, 202, 207, 212, 235, 236, 237, 240, 241
botany, 15, 48, 52, 64, 136, 137, 156, 192, 193, 202
bronze, 66, 110, 117–18, 124, 183
Byzantine empire, 54, 115, 139, 141, 142, 144
C
calligraphy, 32, 105, 171, 179, 182, 183
Cambodia, 67
camera obscura, 151, 152, 167, 199
canons, artistic, 44, 52, 67, 139, 142
cartography, 42, 51, 68, 69, 195
cathedrals, 27, 47, 56, 57, 59, 70, 71, 80, 84, 86, 89, 136, 141, 145, 146, 212
CD-ROMs, 206
characters, written, 172–77, 181, 182, 183, 189–90, 196, 204, 239
chemistry, 15, 16, 25, 46, 64, 89, 106, 117, 125–30, 146, 157, 165, 193, 237
China, 32, 42, 66, 103, 114, 115, 117, 118, 124, 142, 173, 182, 183, 214
Christianity, 54–59, 65, 69, 139, 141, 143, 151, 171, 178, 179, 191, 212, 213
cinema, 17, 187, 206, 209, 211, 223–29, 233
Cistercian order, 56
clay, 40, 114, 116, 120, 124, 125, 174
cloisonné, 115
cognition, 12, 17, 133, 134–35, 138, 158, 167–69, 242
collaboration, 232–34, 236, 240
color, 17, 18, 20, 79, 106, 107, 109, 117, 118, 134–37, 150, 153–58, 167, 210
computers, 31, 58, 102–5, 131, 166, 167, 172, 201, 204–7, 220, 221, 233, 239
Conceptual Art, 239
Cordoba Library, 179
craftsmanship, 26, 27, 44, 54, 57, 67, 77, 98, 104, 139, 141, 148, 153, 203, 218, 220
creativity, 14–23, 26, 67, 133, 147, 148, 153, 162–69, 204, 239
Crete, 46
criticism, 32, 153–55, 193–95, 239–40
Cubism, 11, 13, 37, 63, 134, 147, 162, 163, 165, 203
cybernetics, 43, 93, 135, 172, 204
D
daguerreotypes, 199
decoration, 12, 50, 57, 76–77, 97–131, 165, 190, 202
Domesday Book, 56
drawing, 17, 44, 61, 74, 75, 80, 88, 89, 117, 138, 141, 147, 152–54, 162, 167, 171–207, 214, 239
DVDs, 206
E
École Polytechnique, 82
education, 21–23, 27, 30, 48, 49, 82, 175, 179, 194, 215, 239, 240
Egypt, 43–46, 50, 60, 64, 108, 111, 116, 137, 138, 139, 175
electricity, 20, 23, 82–83, 112, 113, 129, 226, 227
electronics, 131, 167, 236, 238, 239
elements, chemical, 49, 126, 129, 134, 157
encaustic, 139
England, 56, 57, 79, 80, 83, 95, 112, 114, 120–22, 129, 192, 194, 225, 233
engraving, 18, 19, 109, 115, 127, 182, 183, 188–92, 200
Enlightenment, 192
environmental issues, 93, 95, 166, 235, 238
Eskimo, 136
ethics, 48, 93, 166, 192, 207, 236, 240
Etruscan culture, 42, 121, 123
Expressionism, 158, 159, 160, 164, 165, 220
F
Far East, 32, 66, 67, 98, 103, 114, 115, 117, 118, 125–26, 142–43, 182, 183, 215
fire, 26, 40, 49, 80, 85, 108, 116, 125, 157, 210
Flanders, 68, 75, 103, 129, 145, 146, 184, 190
fractals, 100
France, 29, 56–59, 77, 78, 81, 84, 85, 88, 90, 103, 106, 111, 118–199, 120, 122, 134, 153, 154, 156, 157, 161–62, 163, 172, 178–80, 181, 190, 193, 194, 197, 198, 221, 222
frescoes, 137, 138, 144, 147, 149
funerary customs and objects, 43, 60, 62, 82–83, 114, 118, 136, 137, 183
G
genetics, 32, 92, 93, 94, 95, 166, 207, 240
geocentrism, 48–49, 51, 68, 69, 71–72
geometry, 27, 42, 44, 46, 48, 54, 58, 64, 78, 82, 98, 99, 148, 161, 162, 186, 188, 192, 202, 220, 222
Germany, 119, 135, 159, 186, 188, 202, 216, 233
glass, 23, 48, 54, 64, 77, 80, 84, 108–15, 116, 140, 141, 146, 216
gold, 75, 108, 114, 119, 123, 124, 126, 130, 141, 179, 188
Golden Section, 47, 93, 102, 147, 189
Gothic art, 32, 56, 57, 71, 84, 85, 144
Greco-Roman culture, 32, 68, 138–40, 213
Greece, 26, 27, 30, 34, 46–50, 52, 56, 64, 70, 94, 98, 117, 125, 126, 134, 138, 139, 176, 177, 212, 213, 222, 229, 242
Greenwich, 79
H
harmony, 56, 58, 71, 86, 93, 176, 212, 213–14
Hellenistic culture, 48–50, 138, 140
hypochondria, 88
I, J, K
icon, 139
illustration, 29, 54, 55, 74, 79, 127, 179, 186–89, 192–98
impasto, 150
Impressionism, 32, 84, 134, 155–57, 168, 220
industry, 23, 29, 59, 80–87, 92, 93, 103, 112, 120, 122, 129, 156, 161, 165, 196, 235
installation art, 231, 232, 236, 237, 238, 240
instruments, 23, 28, 40, 64, 69, 71, 73, 74, 80, 91, 113, 121, 129–30, 151–53, 156, 178, 188, 199, 204, 214–18
interactivity, 22, 166, 206, 228–29, 231, 234–38, 240, 242
Internet, 131, 201, 204, 231, 235–36
iron, 66, 80, 82, 85, 117, 118, 124–26, 217
Italy, 27, 31, 32, 33, 50–51, 70–76, 103, 118, 120, 144, 147–50, 186, 187, 190, 213, 215, 222
Japan, 92, 111, 114, 125, 142, 143, 156, 198
Khmer culture, 67
L
Land Art, 239
language, 100, 103–4, 126, 155, 174, 175–76, 177, 190, 203–205, 213, 231, 239
Lascaux, 136
lasers, 31, 71, 91, 210, 211, 222, 229
lenses, 65, 73, 77, 111, 112, 192, 199
light, 17, 20, 79, 91, 93, 110, 112, 113, 141, 150, 152–57, 187, 188, 199–201, 209–11, 227, 231
linotype, 196
lunacy, 121
M
mandala, 143
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 82
materials, 21, 22, 40, 48–50, 85, 106–31, 139, 165, 212, 220
mathematics, 12, 16, 30, 35, 42, 45, 46, 60, 61, 64, 65, 78, 80, 84, 98–105, 122, 147–49, 188, 189, 214–16, 220, 221
Maya, 60
media, 22, 23, 203, 206, 227–29, 231, 233, 239, 240, 242
medicine, 31, 42, 45, 46, 51, 52, 53, 60, 62, 65, 73–75, 77, 80, 81, 88–90, 95, 111, 113, 120, 131, 137, 143, 158, 159, 174, 197, 198, 212, 224, 229, 240
Mediterranean, 46, 68, 70, 106, 176
megacities, 93
Mesopotamia, 42, 98, 116, 141, 174
metals, 26, 46, 49, 54, 57, 66, 80, 84, 85, 123–30, 191, 192, 196, 214, 218, 220
microscopy, 88, 89, 110, 111, 129, 130, 146, 152, 192, 227
Middle Ages, 27, 34, 54–59, 102, 109, 141, 171, 177–81, 186, 213
Middle East, 42, 45, 47, 98, 116
military, 49, 50, 52, 53, 73, 81, 82, 90, 91, 103, 112, 124
miniatures, 58, 128, 171, 178–81, 234
mining, 50, 57, 80, 106, 126–28
mirrors, 65, 70, 77, 110, 152, 153, 187, 199, 222
modelli, 71
molecules, 94, 97, 101, 125, 130, 165, 207
monasteries, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 106, 141, 179, 192
money, 34, 102, 103, 123, 127, 131, 185
morphology, 15, 101, 187, 192–94, 202
mosaics, 54, 98, 109, 115, 140, 141, 144
multi-media, 23, 206, 231, 232, 233–36
mummification, 43, 44, 45, 60, 137
museums, 22, 30–31, 34, 93, 94, 235, 239, 240
music, 14, 15, 27, 50, 56, 71, 91, 100, 103, 134, 146, 161, 193, 204, 209–23, 229, 239
N
nature, 15, 29, 31, 34, 46, 48, 52, 57, 100, 101, 106, 107, 111, 119, 136, 137, 142, 151, 153, 155, 156, 165, 187, 188, 191–95, 202, 238
navigation, 46, 49, 68–69, 108, 156, 188, 194, 195
neo-classicism, 16, 71, 82, 121, 153
neo-Renaissance art, 84
Neolithic culture, 40, 122, 136
Netherlands, 15, 36, 72, 151–52, 190, 191, 192, 239
Nobel Prize, 15, 29, 32, 89, 90, 165
O
oil, 65, 66, 145, 146, 150, 151, 165, 188, 239
Olympic Games, 48
opera, 76, 84, 213–14, 222, 223
optics, 13, 17, 20, 27, 48, 65, 73, 77, 79, 102, 110–12, 131, 134, 135, 152, 153, 155–58, 167, 210, 211, 218, 229
P
painting, 17, 37, 63, 70, 73, 84, 88, 133–69, 184, 210, 220, 223, 239
Pangaea, 195
performing arts, 22, 23, 209–29, 240
perspective, 27, 36, 64, 70, 138, 142, 147, 148, 151, 152, 154, 162, 186–88, 214
pharmacology, 45, 52, 62, 65, 73–75, 106, 120, 137, 196
Pharos of Alexandria, 50
philosophy, 13, 21, 22, 27, 34, 48–49, 66, 72, 83, 126, 143, 147–49, 161, 192–95, 215, 240
photography, 20, 86, 134, 151–52, 159, 167, 198–201, 203, 206, 224, 225, 239
physics, 13, 20, 77–79, 82, 83, 90, 91, 112, 160–64, 195, 201, 209–11, 220
physiology, 74, 75, 134, 153, 187, 217, 218, 224, 225
pigments, 40, 45, 46, 106, 107, 109, 118, 136, 137, 146, 155–56
Polynesia, 16
portraiture, 72, 88, 102, 103, 104, 139, 145, 152, 168, 197, 199
Portugal, 118
pre-Columbian cultures, 60, 61, 130
prehistory, 26, 32, 40, 41, 102, 116, 123, 136, 173, 212
printing, 182–85, 188, 189, 190, 195, 196, 231, 239
progress, 69, 80, 93, 129, 192–96, 199, 200, 231–42
psychiatry, 88, 133, 143, 158, 159
psychology, 21, 88, 98, 133–35, 143, 150, 155, 158, 159, 164, 187, 199, 240
R
realism, 32, 40, 136, 137, 146, 197
relativity, 13, 36, 90, 134, 159, 160, 162, 163
religion, 26, 46, 50, 57, 58, 59, 74–78, 143, 150, 151, 171, 179, 182, 183, 189, 190, 192, 213, 222
Renaissance, 27–28, 31, 32, 50, 63, 70–75, 98–99, 118, 147–49, 186–89, 213–15, 222
research, 11–13, 17–21, 27, 28, 34–37, 48, 49, 54, 64, 65, 73, 77–79, 84, 86, 87, 109, 116, 117, 118, 147, 152–69, 185–95, 221, 234, 240
revolutions, 29, 58, 81, 103, 112, 150, 154
Roman culture, 27, 32, 33, 50–54, 64, 70, 77, 85, 106, 109, 138–41, 150, 176, 177
Russia, 31, 50, 86, 160, 161, 223, 227
S
St. Gall, 54
St. Gobain, 77
St. Denis, 57
sculpture, 17, 21, 27, 32, 40–44, 47, 50, 56, 60, 62, 70, 71, 94, 148, 165, 182, 183, 240
Sevres, 120
sfumato, 148
Sistine Chapel, 31
sociology, 21–23, 29, 87–88, 158, 195, 240
sophia, 34
sound, 59, 91, 176, 210–11, 212–21
South Pacific, 62
Spain, 64, 65, 84, 89, 118, 179
Sphinx, 43
stained-glass window, 57, 109, 115, 140–41, 144, 186
stoa, 49
Stone Age, 26, 40–41, 124, 136, 172
Stonehenge, 41
style, 32, 57, 76, 77, 84, 92, 98, 111, 131, 137, 168, 176, 177, 179, 202, 203, 242
Suprematism, 160
Swedish, 192
Swiss, 133
symbolism, 18, 49, 58, 71, 99, 102, 114, 126, 134, 139–40, 143, 147, 158, 173, 189, 204
symmetry, 12, 49, 57, 72, 98, 99, 101, 130, 171
synthetic materials, 106–7, 129–31, 165
T
Talmud, 45
technology, 21–23, 32, 82, 86, 104, 161, 200–201, 211, 227–29, 231–42
telephony, 86
telescopes, 72, 73, 74, 77, 111, 112, 146
television, 172, 227, 228, 240
temples, 41, 45, 48, 50, 67, 92, 116
textiles, 46, 102–7, 131, 152, 239
theater, 49, 50, 51, 130, 212, 222, 223, 225
time, 44, 45, 57, 59, 60, 188, 196
transdisciplinary work, 21–23, 210–11, 223, 231–42
travertine, 50
typography, 19, 183–85, 188–90, 196, 204
U
ukiyo-e, 142
university, 65, 82, 179, 233, 234, 235–36, 239
V
Venice, 68, 72, 110, 150, 185, 189–90, 215, 222
video, 18, 166, 227–29, 231, 232, 240
virtuality, 22, 58, 166, 201, 204, 229, 240
visuality, 16–17, 73, 89, 91, 111, 112, 134–36, 150–57, 192–95, 200–201, 206
W
weights and measures, 42, 103, 214
writing, 32, 137, 172–77, 182, 183, 204, 205
X, Y, Z
ziggurats, 42
zodiac, 74