1 Sir Thomas Hyde Page, A Plan of the Town of Boston with the Intrenchments &ca. of His Majesty’s forces in 1775, from the Observations of Lieut. Page of His Majesty’s Corps of Engineers, and from those of other Gentlemen (London, 1777). Pen-and-ink and watercolor. 45 × 32 cm. Library of Congress.

  2 Paul Revere, The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King Street Boston on March 5th 1770 by a party of the 29th Regt. (Boston, 1770). Engraving with watercolor on laid paper, 25.8 × 33.4 cm. Library of Congress.

  3 Samuel Dunn and Robert Sayer, A Map of the British Empire in North America (London, 1774). Hand-colored, 48 × 31 cm. Library of Congress.

  4 François Godefroy, John Malcom (Paris, [1784]). In Nicolas Ponce, Recueil d’estampes representant les différents événemens de la Guerre qui a procuré l’indépendance aux Etats Unis de l’Amérique (Paris, [1784]), plate 2. Library of Congress.

  5 National Archives at Kansas City, Record Group 21, Records of the District Courts of the U.S. U.S. District Court for the Second (Mankato) Division of the District of Minnesota. Law Case Files. National Archives Identifier 283633 and 283634. John Meints v. O.R. Huntington et al., 1917–1918.

  6 Hancock’s Warehouse for Taring & Feathering (London, [1778]). Etching, 15 × 10.2 cm. Courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University.

  7 A View of the Guard-House and Simsbury-Mines, now called Newgate—A Prison for the Confinement of Loyalists in Connecticut (London, 1781). Etching, 15.2 × 12.1 cm. The political magazine and parliamentary, naval, military, and literary journal (London, Oct. 1781), 596–7. Library of Congress.

  8 An accurate Map of England, Scotland, and Ireland, with all the adjacent Islands, etc. [London, 1761]. BL Maps 1080 (13). © The British Library Board.

  9 Philip Dawe, attr., The Bostonians Paying the Excise-Man, or Tarring & Feathering (London, Oct. 1774). Mezzotint, 35.6 × 24.1 cm. Library of Congress.

10 Carington Bowles, A New Method of Macarony Making, as practised at Boston (London, Oct. 1774). Mezzotint, 24.1 × 32.4 cm. Library of Congress.

11 Philip Dawe, The Patriotick Barber of New York, or the Captain in the Suds (London, Feb. 1775). Mezzotint, 35.3 × 25 cm. Library of Congress.

12 Philip Dawe, The Alternative of Williams-Burg (London, Feb. 1775). Mezzotint, 25.4 × 32.4 cm. Library of Congress.

13 Benjamin West, George III (1779). Oil on canvas, 255.3 × 182.9 cm. Royal Collection Trust © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2016.

14 The Hon. Sir Willm. Howe Kt. of the Bath, Commander in Chief of all his Majesty’s Forces in America, illustration in An impartial history of the war in America, between Great Britain and her colonies, from its commencement to the end of the year 1779 (London & Carlisle, [1780]), i: 204. Engraving, 19 × 11.2 cm. Library of Congress.

15 Sir Joshua Reynolds, General John Burgoyne (circa 1766). Oil on canvas. 127 × 101.3 cm. Copyright The Frick Collection.

16 Johann Jacobé (after George Romney), Lord George Germain, one of his Majesty’s Principal Secretaries of State (London, [1780]). Mezzotint, after George Romney. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Gift of Mr. James Lewis.

17 Robert Sayer and John Bennett, The Theatre of War in North America, with the Roads and Tables, of the Superficial Contents, Distances, &ca. By an American (London, 1776). Copper Engraving, 42 × 50 cm. Map Reproduction Courtesy of the Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at the Boston Public Library.

18 John Norman, The Town of Falmouth, Burnt by Captain Moet, Octbr. 18th 1775 (Boston, 1782). Engraving, 13.3 × 28.6 cm. Library of Congress.

19 Charles Willson Peale, George Washington (1776). Oil on canvas, 111.7 × 97.3 cm. Brooklyn Museum, Dick S. Ramsay Fund, 34.1178.

20 Sir Joshua Reynolds, John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore (1765). Oil on canvas, 238.1 × 146.2 cm (framed: 269 × 176.3 cm). Scottish National Portrait Gallery, Edinburgh.

21 Hamilton, The Manner in which the American Colonies Declared themselves Independant [sic] of the King of England, throughout the different Provinces, on July 4, 1776 [1783]. Mixed-method engraving. Edward Barnard, The new, comprehensive and complete history of England (London, [1783]), 689, Library of Congress.

22 General Clinton, illustration in Rev. James Murray, An impartial history of the war in America; from its first commencement, to the present time (Newcastle upon Tyne, 1782), ii, opp. p. 186. Engraving. Library of Congress.

23 The Seat of Action between the British and American Forces; or An Authentic Plan of the Western Part of Long Island, with the Engagement of the 27th August, 1776, between the King’s Forces and the Americans: also containing Staten Island, and the environs of Amboy and New York, with the course of Hudson River, from Courtland the Great Magazine of the American Army, to Sandy Hook (London, 1776). Hand-colored, 45 × 39 cm. The New York Public Library.

24 Thomas Pownall and Samuel Holland, The Provinces of New York and New Jersey; with part of Pensilvania, and the Province of Quebec (London, 1776). Hand-colored, 134 × 51 cm. Library of Congress.

25 William Faden, Bernard Ratzer, and Gerard Bancker, The Province of New Jersey, Divided into East and West, commonly called the Jerseys ([London], 1777). Hand-colored, 78 × 57 cm. Library of Congress.

26 William Faden, Plan of the Operations of General Washington against the Kings Troops in New Jersey from the 26th of December 1776 to the 3rd of January 1777 (London, 1777). Colored, 29 × 39 cm. Library of Congress.

27 Andreas Wiederholdt, Sketch of the engagement at Trenton, given on the 26th of December 1776 betwixt the American troops under command of General Washington, and three Hessian regiments under command of Colonell Rall, in which the latter a part surrendert themselves prisoner of war [1776]. Manuscript, pen-and-ink and watercolor, 23 × 28 cm. Library of Congress.

28 Jonathan Trumbull, The Death of General Hugh Mercer (1786). Ink washes on paper, 10.2 × 15 cm (sheet). Princeton University Library.

29 The able Doctor, or, America Swallowing the Bitter Draught (London, May 1774). Mixed method, 9.5 × 14.9 cm. Library of Congress.

30 Bernard Ratzer, Plan of the city of New York, in North America: Surveyed in the Years 1766 & 1767 (London, 1776). 105 × 91 cm. The New York Public Library, The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Print Collection.

31 The Provost, from Benson John Lossing, ed. Harper’s Encyclopedia of United States History (vol. 7) (New York, 1912), retrieved from http://etc.usf.edu/​clipart/​57800/​57891/​57891_provost_jail.htm.

32 Van Cortlandt’s Sugar House, from Benson John Lossing, ed. Harper’s Encyclopedia of United States History (vol. 7) (New York, 1912), retrieved from http://etc.usf.edu/​clipart/​57800/​57889/​57889_sugar_house.htm.

33 Carington Bowles, Bowles’s New and Accurate Map of the World, or Terrestrial Globe (London, [1780]). Hand-colored. Two hemispheres each 59 cm in diameter, on sheet 106 × 130 cm. Library of Congress.

34 Jersey, prison ship moored in Wallabout Bay, New York, fig. 1 in Recollections of the Jersey prison-ship; taken and prepared for publication from the original manuscripts of the late Captain Thomas Dring, of Providence, RI, one of the prisoners, by Albert G. Greene (Providence, 1829). Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons, .

35 Unidentified Subject (formerly titled [Jonathan Trumbull,] American Prisoners on Board a British Prison Ship) (c. 1782–?1831). India ink wash, 12.7 × 15.9 cm. Fordham University Library, Bronx, NY, Charles Allen Munn Collection.

36 Robert Smirke, Cruelty Presiding over the Prison Ship (Cruelty holding the Register of Death), illustration for Joel Barlow’s epic poem The Columbiad (1807). The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs, New York Public Library.

37 Louis Denis, Carte du theatre de la guerre presente en Amerique (Paris, 1779). Hand-colored, 67 × 51 cm. Library of Congress.

38 Daniel Berger, 1. General Washington. 2. General Gates. 3. Dr. Franklin. 4. Präsid Laurens. 5. Paul Jones. (1784). Etching. Illustration in Matthias Christian Sprengel, Allgemeines historisches Taschenbuch (Berlin, 1784). Library of Congress.

39 [Britannia toe] Amer[eye]ca (London, May 1778). Etching, hand-colored. Library of Congress.

40 [America toe] her [miss]taken [moth]er (London, May 1778). Etching, hand-colored. Library of Congress.

41 Photograph from an 1967 excavation near Tappan. Author’s collection.

42 John Lodge, A New and Correct Map of North America: in which the Places of the Principal Engagements during the Present War are accurately inserted (London, 1780). 27 × 38 cm. Political magazine, 1 (Apr. 1780). The New York Public Library.

43 John Almon (publ.), The Allies—Par nobile Fratrum (London, 1780). Etching, 23.2 × 36.3 cm (sheet, trimmed). Library of Congress.

44 Anonymous, Map of General Sullivan’s March from Easton to the Senaca & Cayuga Countries [1779]. Colored, on sheet 76 × 75 cm. Library of Congress.

45 Pierre Eugène du Simitière, “Various Indian Hieroglyphicks drawn on trees, found on the march of the western Army.” Undated ink sketch copied from originals of 1779. Courtesy of Library Company of Philadelphia.

46 William Faden, The Marches of Lord Cornwallis in the Southern Provinces, now States of North America; Comprehending the Two Carolinas, with Virginia and Maryland, and the Delaware Counties (London, 1787). From Banastre Tarleton’s A history of the campaigns of 1780 and 1781, in the Southern Provinces of North America (London, 1787), facing p. 1. Colored, 66 × 50 cm. Library of Congress.

47 Lt. Col. Tarleton, engraving in the Westminster Magazine (March 1782). The New York Public Library.

48 Robert Donkin, Military Collections and Remarks (New York, 1777), pp. 189–90. Rare Book Collection. New York Public Library. Astor, Lenox, Tilden Foundations.

49 A New and accurate Map of New Jersey, from the best Authorities, from The universal magazine of knowledge and pleasure [London, June 1780]. 32 × 72 cm. Library of Congress.

50 Benjamin Morgan and Anthony Dennis, A Map of Monmouth County, Reduced from the Original Survey by John Hills, Asst. Engineer [1781]. Pen-and-ink and watercolor, 73 × 134 cm. Library of Congress.

51 John Fielding (publ.), Captain Asgill (London, 1786). Engraving, from John Andrews, History of the war with America, France, Spain, and Holland: commencing in 1775 and ending in 1783, 4 vols. (London, 1785–6), iv: 416. Library of Congress.

52 Thomas Kitchin, Map of the United States in North America with the British, French and Spanish dominions adjoining, according to the Treaty of 1783 (London, 1783). Copper engraving, 40 × 51 cm. Lawrence H. Slaughter Collection, The Lionel Pincus and Princess Firyal Map Division, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations.

53 Shelb—ns sacrifice / invented by Cruelty; engraved by Dishonor: Or the recommended Loyalists, a faithful representation of a Tragedy shortly to be performed on the Continent of America (London, Feb. 1783). Engraving. Library of Congress.

54 The Savages Let Loose, or The Cruel Fate of the Loyalists (London, Mar. 1783). Etching, 28 × 38.8 cm (sheet). Library of Congress.