“The slightly selfish big bit of chromosome”: R. Dawkins, The Selfish Gene, 35. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1976.
“moved forward with a snake like motion”: “Observationes D. Anthonii Lewenhoeck de Natis è semine genital Animalculis,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 12, 1040–1043, here 1041 (1677–78).
“There is one universal principle of development”: T. Schwann, Microscopic Researches into the Accordance in the Structure and Growth of Animals and Plants, transl. H. Smith, 165. Sydenham Society, London, 1847.
“each cell is, within certain limits, an Individual”: ibid. 2.
“elementary organism”: E. W. von Brücke, “Die Elementarorganismen,” Sitzungsberichte der Kaierlichen Akademie Wien 44, 381–406 (1861).
“A cell … yes, that is really a person”: Otis, 18 (2000).
“What the individual is on a grand scale”: ibid. 21.
“for whatever the living cell is”: E. B. Wilson, The Cell in Development and Inheritance, 13. Macmillan, New York, 1896.
“We must be careful”: J. Gray, A Textbook of Experimental Cytology, 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1931.
“The cell is making a particular kind of reappearance”: Landecker, 4 (2007).
“the higher levels of order, form and function”: Harold, 69 (2001).
“I prefer to think of the genome as akin”: ibid. 69–70.
“Something is not accounted for very clearly”: ibid. 65.
“DNA as our soul”: Gilbert (2015).
“the sperm fresh-sprung from the father’s loins”: Rosenfeld (1969).
“The parts of each organ help the other parts to form”: Gilbert & Pinto-Correia, 91 (2017).
“an unfolding of pre-existing instructions”: Keller, 21 (1995).
“greasy machines”: ibid. 27.
“A more balanced and useful view”: Nijhout, 444 (1990).
“We use words like sister”: Zimmer, 384 (2018a).
“The higher animals, we learn”: Reynolds (2008a).
“permanent ovum”: ibid.
“our understanding of how powerful”: Shapiro, 106 (2011).
“In not just taking the animal body apart”: Landecker, 67 (2007).
“rather limited value”: Nicholas, 148 (1961).
“delicate surgical operation”: Witkowski, 283 (1979).
“Carrel’s new miracle points”: Skloot, 68 (2010).
“In the next century, if infection, starvation”: Friedman, 49 (2008).
“the creeping horror of the most morbid”: Landecker, 92.
“If some day the scientists arrive”: ibid. 98.
“bringing life under control”: Wells, Huxley & Wells, 878 (1931).
“fragments of that eminent personage”: ibid. 31.
“My mind went back to a day in 1918”: Huxley (1926).
“I commend to the great public”: ibid.
“the City during working hours”: Wells, Huxley & Wells, 31.
“Doctor Farnham had a fleeting”: Squier, 224 (2004).
“Now every separate part is tied”: ibid. 79.
“Testicles and ovaries”: ibid. 80.
“At the Strangeways lab a certain lad”: ibid. 84.
“There is something rather romantic”: ibid. 67.
“are responses to something otherwise not easily comprehended”: Landecker, 142.
“living proof of the unexpected autonomy”: ibid. 161.
“has secured for the patient”: Skloot, 198.
“If allowed to grow uninhibited”: ibid.
“a constant preoccupation with mass”: Landecker, 174, 179.
“thrust into a kind of eternal life”: ibid. 164.
“Tissues that move from bodies”: Waldby & Mitchell, 34 (2006).
“If you repay me not on such a day”: The Merchant of Venice, Act I, Scene iii.
“the human body exists beyond relations of commerce”: Waldby & Mitchell, 23.
“deeply respected the rights of patients”: https://agendapub.com/index.php/community/blog/105-the-curiouscase-of-john-moore-s-spleen
“What does it mean when the human body”: Waldby & Mitchell, 7.
“And you know what?”: O. Catts & I. Zurr, “Artists working with life (sciences) in contestable settings,” Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 43, 40–53, here 47 (2018).
“the idea of in vitro production”: ibid. 46.
“People … would be drawn to see the piece”: ibid. 45.
“It may be triggered”: Davies, 137 (2019).
“Apparently the only thing our cells do”: Raff, 121 (1998).
“we can’t ignore the immune system”: L. Lynch, public talk, “Schrödinger at 75: the future of biology” Dublin, 6 September 2018.
“we are now using the taboo word”: ibid.
“There is no such thing as a ‘good microbe’”: Yong, 80 (2016).
“We thought at the time”: Yamanaka (2012).
“to tell the truth, we did not expect that we had the answer”: ibid.
“a paradigm shift in our understanding”: https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2012/advanced-medicineprize2012.pdf
“Gene expression space can in some places”: A. Klein, personal communication.
“It doesn’t require any super-sophisticated bioengineering”: Willyard, 521 (2015).
“Simply by providing the right conditions”: M. Lancaster, TEDxCERN talk, 30 November 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EjiWRINEatQ
“just what an embryo does”: Madeline Lancaster, personal communication.
“You don’t need a completely well formed human brain”: Lancaster, personal communication.
“We hope to see the very earliest disease-associated changes”: Selina Wray, personal correspondence.
“a technology of living substance”: J. Loeb, letter to Ernst Mach, 26 February 1890. In Pauly, 51 (1990).
“you’re basically hacking the cell’s code”: D. Srivastava, personal communication.
“It appears that, in nature”: Alvarado & Yamanaka, 115 (2014).
“Isolated cells have the singular power”: Carrel, 106 (1935).
“engendered by cells which”: ibid. 107.
“an organ develops by means”: ibid.
“somatic cells do not require the control”: Wilson, 33 (2011).
“some means [of] artificial circulation”: ibid. 32.
“We can take an ovary from a woman”: Haldane, 64 (1924).
“if what has already been done”: Anon. “Review of Daedalus, or Science & the Future,” Nature 113, 740 (1924).
“Already other parts of the human body”: Burke, 3 (1938).
“it is now possible to construct”: Rostand, 83 (1959).
“a crowd of various cells”: Wilson, 31.
“we may find ourselves curing organoids”: Marta Shahbazi, personal communication.
“I watched in agony and completely helpless”: Vacanti, 397–398 (2007).
“It occurred to me that”: ibid. 398.
“it became clear that, even with the very best”: Martin Birchall, personal communication.
“I felt there must be a better”: ibid.
“Considering how little we knew”: ibid.
“the ideal material for building”: Khademhosseini, Vacanti & Langer 68 (2009).
“If this research is allowed”: Squier, 274–275 (2004).
“With every year I see more hope”: Joseph Vacanti, personal communication.
“This is difficult science”: ibid.
“the realization of Pygmalion’s dream”: Vladimir Mironov, personal communication.
“manufacturing platform for multicellular”: Takebe et al. (2017).
“Animal-grown organs could transform”: Conger (2018).
“to achieve his ambitious goal of flying”: Rashid, Kobayashi & Nakauchi (2014).
“If I’m honest”: Franklin, Hopwood & Johnson, 17 (2009).
“Fertilized human eggs”: Edwards, Bavister & Steptoe (1969).
“Embryos as we know them today”: Morgan, 4 (2009).
“Had it not been for ectogenesis”: Dronamraju, 84 (1995).
“There is no great invention”: ibid. 36.
“What sort of creatures will these be?”: Burke (1938).
“It will thus be seen”: Wilson, 38 (2011).
“Next he had to get this life”: Čapek (1921).
“There are the vats of liver”: ibid.
“conquer the true human beings”: Burke.
“a valuable technique with peculiar advantages”: Wilson, 50.
“living tissues are growing”: ibid.
“clearly not the sort of propaganda”: ibid. 52.
“Tradition has been to regard”: Rosenfeld, 47 (1969).
“the force of love may henceforth”: ibid. 47, 49.
“reduce … the act of married love”: P. Singer & D. Wells, The Reproduction Revolution: New Ways of Making Babies, 52. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1984.
“She was born at around 11.47 pm”: P. Gwynne, “All about that baby,” Newsweek 7 August 1978, 44.
“Now when Rachel saw that she bore Jacob”: Genesis, 30: 1–2.
“There is still not one social group”: Gilbert & Pinto-Correia, 24–25 (2017).
“Remember that I am thy creature”: Shelley, 68 (1818/2012).
“our social identities”: Morgan, 62 (2009).
“Conception in vitro is now a normal”: Franklin, 1 (2013a).
“confirms the viability”: ibid. 308.
“is designed to precisely replicate”: ibid. 234.
“is not that they are defying nature”: van Dyck, 189–190 (1995).
“There is a revolutionary purpose”: Franklin, 73 (2013a).
“good to think with”: ibid. 29.
“Even the somewhat surprising scale”: ibid. 148.
“Research on human embryos”: Alison Murdoch, personal communication.
“complex amalgams of factual”: M. Warnock et al., “Report of the Committee of Inquiry into human fertilisation and embryology,” HM Stationery Office, Para 11.9. London, 1984. Available at http://www.hfea.gov.uk/2068.html
“When I think about it”: Azim Surani, personal communication.
“And the Lord God caused a deep”: Genesis 2:21.
“regeneration of human gametes”: Werner Neuhausser, personal communication.
“I get lots of emails”: Surani, personal communication.
“Even with safeguards in place”: Neuhausser, personal communication.
“If the human race as a whole”: E. Dolgin, “Making babies: How to create human embryos with no egg or sperm,” New Scientist 11 April 2018. https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg23831730-300-making-babies-how-to-create-human-embryos-with-no-egg-or-sperm/
“could blow away the biological barriers”: A. Smajdor, talk at “Crossing frontiers: moving the boundaries of human reproduction,” Progress Educational Trust, London, 8 December 2017. https://www.progress.org.uk/conference2017
“two people want their child”: Greely, 190 (2016).
“evidence of just how wide-ranging”: ibid.
“a corpse would be re-animated”: Shelley, 168 (1818/2012).
“I saw – with shut eyes”: ibid.
“He sleeps, but he is awakened”: ibid.
“supremely frightful would be the effect”: ibid.
“In this the direct moral”: ibid. 214.
“acts of damage-limitation”: ibid. 415.
“rather study the established order”: ibid. 236–237.
“They do say that man”: Čapek (1921).
“Lonely island experiments”: Friedman, 125 (2008).
“there is the distinct possibility”: Rosenfeld, 44 (1969).
“there is no reason to believe”: Pera (2017).
“It is unclear at which point a partial model”: Rivron et al. (2018).
“if we had not had the prior experience”: Alison Murdoch, personal communication.
“[He] foresees the day”: D. Rorvik, Brave New Baby, 32. Doubleday, New York, 1971.
“could start us down a path towards”: Lanphier et al. (2015).
“society will decide”: Marchione (2018).
“The experiment was heedless”: E. J. Topol, “Editing babies? We need to learn a lot more first,” New York Times 27 November 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/27/opinion/genetically-edited-babies-china.html
“It is imperative that the scientists”: J. Doudna, Berkeley News 26 November 2018: https://news.berkeley.edu/2018/11/26/doudna-responds-to-claim-of-first-crispr-edited-babies/
“a global moratorium on all clinical uses”: Lander et al., 165 (2019).
“urgent need to confine the use”: ibid.
“I believe that it will become”: Ronald Green, personal communication.
“The creation of designer babies”: Janssens (2018).
“They have a lot to be worried”: Hank Greely, personal communication.
“Almost everything you can accomplish”: ibid.
“The more eggs you can get”: ibid.
“The science for safe and effective”: ibid.
“Where there is a serious problem”: Alto Charo, personal communication.
“our ability to love one another”: ibid.
“we’ll start seeing the use of gene editing”: Ronald Green, personal communication.
“Genetic testing is a responsibility”: Z. Corbyn, “‘Genetic testing is a responsibility if you’re having children,’” The Observer 8 January 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/jan/08/anne-wojcicki-dna-genetics-testing-23andme-interview
“For better or worse”: Green, personal communication.
“very different in size and temperament”: Wilmut, Campbell & Tudge, 17 (2000).
“the very essence of humanity”: J. Cohen (2018).
“around the world a modest number”: Lauritzen (ed.), 114 (2001).
“cloning will have come to be looked on”: ibid.
“the useless parts of the body”: Bernal, 38 (1970).
“Instead of the present body structure”: ibid. 39.
“Philosophies of life”: More & Vita-More (2013).
“manipulation of the hereditary factors”: Stapledon, 209 (1972).
“he was to be a normal human organism”: ibid. 221.
“The sexual superwoman may be riddled”: Ettinger (1972).
“Once that is done, sexual identity”: More & Vita-More, 322.
“humanity itself is a disease”: Ettinger, 4.
“Those who are willing to settle”: ibid. preface (unnumbered).
“What you have made us is glorious”: More & Vita-More, 449.
“the right to enhance one’s body”: ibid. 55.
“If a heart could be kept beating”: Squier, 219 (2004).
“This place is more terrible”: ibid. 220.
“From now on, my pet”: R. Dahl, “William and Mary,” available at http://user.ceng.metu.edu.tr/~ucoluk/yazin/William_and_Mary.html
“When carried out under favorable conditions”: https://alcor.org/FAQs/faq01.html
“the dominant myth of our age”: Christof Koch, personal communication.
“Survival of your memories and personality”: ibid.
“If you can bridge the gap”: More & Vita-More, 164 (2013).
“old, weak, vulnerable, pitifully limited”: ibid. 123.
“agents whose boundaries and components”: ibid.
“utmost power and cunning”: The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, Vol. II, transl. J. Cottingham, R. Stoothoff & D. Murdoch, 315. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1984.
“I shall think that the sky”: ibid.
“It might be suggested that you”: G. Harman, Thought, 5. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1973.
“If I am a Brain in a Vat, then I am not a Brain in a Vat”: A. Brueckner, Mind 101, 123–128 (1992).
“If I accept the argument”: T. Nagel, The View from Nowhere, 73. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1986.
“his entire body and even his entire identity”: Mialet (2013).
“Someone who is powerful is a collective”: ibid.
“That is not Carl Zimmer”: Zimmer (2018b).
“It seems that we need to think”: Shapiro, 102 (2011).
“Immunity does not merely guard”: Gilbert, Sapp & Tauber, 333 (2012).
“central to the inner logic”: Clarke, 313 (2010).
“we lack a theory telling us”: ibid. 323.
“as brain surrogates become larger”: Farahany et al., 430 (2018).
“Such capacities could include being able”: ibid.
“We have to start thinking about it”: A. Boyle, “Where does consciousness come from? Brain scientist closes in on the claustrum,” GeekWire 3 November 2017. https://www.geekwire.com/2017/consciousness-come-brain-scientist-closes-claustrum/
“We still have your fibroblasts”: Chris Lovejoy, personal communication.