E

• Echoing input, 58

• Empty statements, 150

• Encapsulation, 17, 566

• #endif directive, 718–719

• endl instruction, 54–55

• eof function, 355–356

• equal function, 622–628

• Equal to comparison operator (==), 78, 81–82, 458–459

• Errors, 29–31, 287–290, 318, 385–386, 433, 640–644, 876–877

  • arrays and, 385–386, 433

  • bugs, 29

  • commas between index variables, 433

  • common, 287

  • compiler, 30–31, 877

  • constant parameters for, 640–641

  • debugging, 287–290

  • file I/O, 318

  • index variables out of range, 385

  • localizing, 288–290

  • logic, 30–31

  • messages, 30–31, 318

  • polymorphism and, 876–877

  • run-time, 31

  • syntax, 30

  • testing for, 30–31

  • tracing variables, 162–163, 288

  • virtual member functions and, 876–877

  • warning messages compared to, 30

• Escape sequences, 53–55

• Exceptions, 895–926

  • catch-block parameter, 902–904

  • catch block used for, 902–903, 903–904, 910–911

  • class hierarchies, 919

  • classes defined for, 906–907

  • derived classes and, 915

  • functions, throwing in, 911–913

  • handler, 902

  • handling, 895–926

  • memory, testing for, 919–920

  • multiple, 906, 908–911

  • nested try-catch blocks, 918

  • overuse of, 918–919

  • programming techniques for, 916–920

  • rethrowing, 920

  • specification, 913–915

  • throw list, 913–915

  • throw statement used for, 900–902, 911–913

  • throwing exceptions, 911–913, 916–918

  • trivial, 911

  • try block used for, 900–901, 903

  • try-throw-catch mechanism in, 900, 903–905

  • uncaught, 918

• Executable statements. see Statements

• Executing programs, 8

• exit function, 317, 320

• Exit-on-flag loop termination, 159

• Exponent (e) notation, 61

• Expressions, 69–74. See also Arithmetic operators; Boolean expressions

• External file name, 312

• Extraction operator (>>), 311, 318–320, 466, 652–660