The New Hampshire Sharp-Shooters
1 Nicolas, Wade, Before the Dawn: Recovering the Lost History of Our Ancestors (Penguin, 2007), p. 151.
2 Ibid.
3 Crosby, Alfred W., Throwing Fire: Projectile Technology Through History (Cambridge Press, 2010), p. 15.
4 de Lazaro, Enrico, “Stone Tools Hint at 71,000-Year-Old Advanced Lethal Technology,” Science News, Nov. 8, 2012.
5 Huley, Vic, Arrows Against Steel: The History of the Bow and How It Forever Changed Warfare (Cerberus Books, 2011), p. 14.
6 Morgan, Edmund S., “In Love With Guns,” New York Review of Books, Oct. 19, 2000.
7 Hacker, Barton C., “Gunpowder and Firearms: Warfare in Medieval India, and Warfare and Weaponry in South Asia 1000–1800,” Technology and Culture 46, no. 4 (Oct. 2005).
8 For more on the first battle to use both the longbow and the gun, see de Wailly, Henri, Crécy, 1346: Anatomy of a Battle (Sterling, 1987).
9 Partington, J. R., A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), p. 98.
10 Hogg, Ian V., Artillery: Its Origin, Heyday, and Decline (Archon, 1970), p. 41.
11 Ibid, p. 4.
12 Norris, John, Artillery: A History (History Press, 2012), p. 29.
13 Crosby, Throwing Fire, p. 113.
14 Ambrogi, Stefano, “Site of Britain’s First Ever Gunbattle Revealed,” Reuters, Dec. 2, 2010.
15 Pauly, Roger, Firearms: The Life Story of a Technology (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), p. 16.
1 Jennings, Francis, The Ambiguous Iroquois Empire: The Covenant Chain Confederation of Indian Tribes with English Colonies (W. W. Norton; reprint edition, 1990), p. 41.
2 Hearn, Kelly, “First Known Gunshot Victim in Americas Discovered,” National Geographic News, June 19, 2007.
3 Rose, Alexander, American Rifle (Delta, 2009), p. 3.
4 Champlain, Samuel de, The Works of Samuel de Champlain (University of Toronto, 1922), p. 129, https://archive.org/details/worksofsamueldec02chamuoft.
5 The story is relayed in John Smith’s “The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles,” written in 1624, http://docsouth.unc.edu/southlit/smith/smith.html.
6 Champlain, The Works of Samuel de Champlain, p. 99.
1 Johnson, Caleb, Of Plymouth Plantation: Along with the Full Text of the Pilgrims’ Journals (Xlibris, 2006), p. 119.
2 For more on the Pilgrims’ first meeting with the Indians, see Philbrick, Nathaniel, Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War (Penguin Books, 2007), pp. 56–77.
3 Bunker, Nick, Making Haste from Babylon: The Mayflower Pilgrims and Their New World; A History (New York: Knopf, 2010), p. 37.
4 Boorstin, Daniel J., “The Therapy Of Distance,” American Heritage 27, no. 4 (June 1976).
5 Goldstein, Karin, “Arms & Armor of the Pilgrims,” Curator of Collections, Pilgrim Society, http://www.pilgrimhall.org/pdf/Arms_Armor_of_Pilgrims.pdf.
6 Cramer, Clayton, Armed America: The Remarkable Story of How and Why Guns Became as American as Apple Pie (Thomas Nelson, 2009), p. 4.
7 Malcolm, Joyce, To Keep and Bear Arms: The Origins of an Anglo-American Right (Harvard University Press, 1996), p. 139.
8 Cramer, Armed America, p. 17.
9 Alden, Ebenezer, Memorial of the Descendants of the Hon. John Alden, Member of the American Antiquarian Society, New England Historic Genealogical Society, &c. Published for the family: 1867.
10 Peterson, Harold Leslie, Arms and Armor in Colonial America, 1526–1783 (Bramhall House, 1956), p. 38.
11 As of this writing, the remnants of the pistol are on display at the Historic Jamestowne Museum in Jamestown, Virginia.
12 Greener, W. W., The Gun and Its Development (Skyhorse; 9th edition, 2013), p. 97.
13 Pauly, Firearms, p. 51.
14 Falkner, James, Marlborough’s War Machine, 1702–1711 (Pen and Sword Military, 2014), p. 87.
15 Johnson, Samuel, The Sayings of Doctor Johnson, (Duckworth Overlook, 1911), p. xvi, https://archive.org/details/sirsaiddrjohnson00john.
16 Malcolm, To Keep and Bear Arms, p. 12.
17 Blackstone, Sir William, Commentaries on the Laws of England: In Four Books, vol. 1 (J. B. Lippincott, 1886), p. 719, https://archive.org/details/commentariesonl04blacgoog.
18 Russell, Carl P., Guns on the Early Frontiers: From Colonial Times to the Years of the Western Fur Trade (Dover, 2005; originally published by University of California, Berkeley Press, 1957), p. 42.
19 Penn, William, The Select Works of William Penn: In Five Volumes (National Archives, 1726), p. 50, https://archive.org/details/collectionofwork01penn.
20 For more, see “German Settlement in Pennsylvania: Background Reading” (Historical Society of Pennsylvania and the Balch Institute for Ethnic Studies).
21 Applebaum, Herbert A., Colonial Americans at Work (University Press of America, 1996), p. 184.
22 Dworsky, Joel, and Dr. Timothy Trussell, “The Mylin Gun Shop Survey Project: Excavation Report for the Lancaster Colonial Settlement Project,” http://www.millersville.edu/archaeology/files/mylin-gunshop-site-report.pdf.
23 Dillin, Captain John G. W., The Kentucky Rifle (National Rifle Association of America, 1924).
24 Greener, The Gun and Its Development, p. 620.
25 Grancsay, Stephen Vincent, Craft of the Early American Gunsmith (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1947).
1 The Works of John Adams, vol. 1, p. 86, http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/adams-the-works-of-john-adams-vol-1-life-of-the-author.
2 The Laws of the State of New-Hampshire: With the Constitutions of the United States and of the State Prefixed, published 1815, p. 460, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433009057328;view=1up;seq=7.
3 Abigail Adams to John Adams, 2 September 1774, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/04-01-02-0096.
4 Rae, Noel, People’s War: Original Voices of the American Revolution (Lyons Press, 2011), p. 108.
5 Kopel, David B., “How the British Gun Control Program Precipitated the American Revolution,” Charleston Law Review 6, no. 2 (Winter 2012), p. 293.
6 O’Shaughnessy, Andrew Jackson, The Men Who Lost America: British Leadership, American Revolution, and the Fate of the Empire (Yale University Press, 2013), p. 86.
7 Salay, David L., “The Production of Gunpowder in Pennsylvania During the American Revolution,” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 99, no. 4 (Oct. 1975).
8 Stephenson, Orlando W., “The Supply of Gunpowder in 1776,” American Historical Review 30, no. 2 (Jan. 1925), pp. 271–78.
9 “The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745–1799; prepared under the direction of the United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission and published by authority of Congress” (US Government Printing Office, 1931).
10 For more on the history of “Greek fire,” see Norwich, John J., A Short History of Byzantium (Vintage, 1998).
11 McLachlan, Sean, Medieval Handgonnes: The First Black Powder Infantry Weapons (Osprey, 2010), pp. 20–23.
12 Crosby, Alfred W., Throwing Fire: Projectile Technology Through History (Cambridge University Press, 2002), p. 121.
13 Salay, “The Production of Gunpowder in Pennsylvania During the American Revolution,” p. 425.
14 Forbes, Esther, Paul Revere and the World He Lived In (Mariner Books, 1999), p. 304.
15 National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places Program, “Continental Powder Works at French Creek,” https://www.nps.gov/nr/feature/places/15000827.htm.
16 Russell, Carl P., Guns on the Early Frontiers: From Colonial Times to the Years of the Western Fur Trade (Dover, 2005; original published by University of California, Berkeley Press, 1957), p. 220.
17 “Minutes of the Provincial Council of Pennsylvania: From the organization to the termination of proprietary government,” vol. 10, p. 469.
18 Kelly, Jack, Gunpowder: Alchemy, Bombards, and Pyrotechnics: The History of the Explosive That Changed the World (Basic Books, 2004), p. 22.
19 George Washington to Nicholas Cooke, 4 August 1775, National Archives. https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-01-02-0149.
20 Klein, Christopher, “The Midday Ride of Paul Revere,” Smithsonian.com, Dec. 12, 2011.
21 “The Parliamentary Register; Or, History of the Proceedings and Debates of the House of Commons, During the First Session of the Fourteenth Parliament of Great Britain, Volume 1,” p. 106.
22 Klein, “The Midday Ride of Paul Revere.”
23 Salay, “The Production of Gunpowder in Pennsylvania During the American Revolution,” p. 423.
1 Kennedy, David M., The American Spirit: United States History as Seen by Contemporaries, vol. 1 (Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2006), p. 114.
2 National Archives, “The Deposition of John Robins Regarding hostilities at Lexington,” https://www.docsteach.org/documents/document/deposition-of-john-robins-regarding-hostilities-at-lexington.
3 Report of the Record Commissioners of the City of Boston, vol. 16, Boston (Mass.), Registry Dept. (Rockville and Church, 1886), p. 286.
4 Halbrook, Stephen Dr., The Founders’ Second Amendment Origins of the Right to Bear (Ivan R. Dee, 2008), p. 6.
5 Fischer, David Hackett, Paul Revere’s Ride (Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 73.
6 Frothingham, Richard, History of the Siege of Boston: And of the Battles of Lexington, Concord and Bunker Hill (Little, Brown; 4th edition, 1873), p. 51.
7 Letter from Dr. Joseph Warren to Arthur Lee, Boston, April 3, 1775. http://amarch.lib.niu.edu/islandora/object/niu-amarch%3A103895.
8 Hurst, Gerald B., “The Old Colonial System,” Publications. Historical Series, vol. 3 (University of Manchester, 1905), p. 182.
9 Aptheker, Herbert, The American Revolution, 1763–1783: A History of the American People; An Interpretation (International Publishers, 1960), p. 113.
10 Rogers, Alan, Empire and Liberty: American Resistance to British Authority, 1755–1763 (University of California Press, 1974), p. 63.
11 Ferling, John, Whirlwind: The American Revolution and the War That Won It (Bloomsbury, 2015), p. 209.
12 Urban, Mark, Fusiliers: The Saga of a British Redcoat Regiment in the American Revolution (Bloomsbury, 2007), p. 81.
13 Johnson, Nicholas J., David B. Kopel, George A. Mocsary, and Michael P. O’Shea, Firearms Law and the Second Amendment: Regulation, Rights, and Policy (Aspen, 2012), p. 139.
14 “To the Speakers of the Colonial Assemblies: A Circular Letter from Franklin, William Bollan, and Arthur Lee,” LS: Library of Congress—London, Feb. 5, 1775.
15 Cook, Don, The Long Fuse: How England Lost the American Colonies, 1760–1785 (Atlantic Monthly Press, 1996), p. 81.
16 Sawyer, Charles Wintrop, Firearms in American History: 1600 to 1800 (National Archives, 1910), p. 9.
17 Bonwick, Colin, English Radicals and the American Revolution (North Carolina Press, 1977), p. 124.
18 Trevelyan, Laura, The Winchester: The Gun That Built an American Dynasty (Yale University Press, 2016), p. 2.
19 For more on the Bellesiles, see Lindgren, James, “Fall from Grace: Arming America and the Bellesiles Scandal,” Yale University Law Journal, vol. 111, no. 18 (2002), https://www.yalelawjournal.org/review/fall-from-grace-arming-america-and-the-bellesiles-scandal.
20 Lindgren, James, and Justin Lee Heather, “Counting Guns in Early America,” William & Mary Law Review 43, no. 5 (2002), p. 177. Northwestern Law & Econ Research Paper No. 01-1.
21 Utter, Glenn H. (editor), Guns and Contemporary Society: The Past, Present, and Future of Firearms and Firearm Policy (Praeger, 2015), p. 10.
22 Ibid.
23 Lindgren and Heather, “Counting Guns in Early America,” p. 177.
24 Cramer, Clayton, Armed America: The Remarkable Story of How and Why Guns Became as American as Apple Pie (Thomas Nelson, 2009), p. 64.
25 Goss, Elbridge Henry, The Life of Colonel Paul Revere, Volume 1, (Howard W. Spurr, 8th edition, 1909), p. 196.
26 For more on Paul Revere’s other ride, see Fischer, Paul Revere’s Ride.
27 For more on the battle, see Ketchum, Richard M., Saratoga: Turning Point of America’s Revolutionary War (Henry Holt, 1999).
28 Philbrick, Nathaniel, Bunker Hill: A City, a Siege, a Revolution (Penguin Books, 2014), p. 221.
29 From George Washington to John Hancock, 25 September 1776, National Archives. https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-06-02-0305.
30 Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston Evening-Post, 21 November 1768. http://www.masshist.org/dorr/volume/2/sequence/334.
1 York, Neil L., “Pennsylvania Rifle: Revolutionary Weapon in a Conventional War?” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 103, no. 3 (July 1979), pp. 302–24.
2 Graham, James, The Life of General Daniel Morgan, of the Virginia Line of the Army of the United States, with Portions of His Correspondence; Comp[iled]. from Authentic Sources (Derby & Jackson, H. W. Derby & Co., 1856), vi, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=moa;idno=ABJ2761.
3 Brandow, John H., “General Daniel Morgan’s Part in the Burgoyne Campaign,” Proceedings of the New York State Historical Association 12 (1913), pp. 119–38.
4 Graham, James, The Life of General Daniel Morgan, p. 39.
5 Griffith, Samuel B., The War for American Independence: From 1760 to the Surrender at Yorktown in 1781 (University of Illinois Press, 1976), p. 182.
6 John Adams to Abigail Adams, 11–17 June 1775, Massachusetts Historical Society, http://www.masshist.org/digitaladams/archive/doc?id=L17750611ja.
7 Virginia Gazette, July 25, 1775, cited in Lynn Montross, Rag, Tag and Bobtail (Harper, 1952), pp. 49–50.
8 General Washington to the President of the Continental Congress, July 10, 1775, Library of Congress, http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/amrev/contarmy/presone.html.
9 Force, Peter, American Archives, Series IV, vol. 3, p. 2, https://archive.org/details/AmericanArchives-FourthSeriesVolume3peterForce.
10 Aron, Stephen, How the West Was Lost: The Transformation of Kentucky from Daniel Boone to Henry Clay (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999), p. 113.
11 Boorstin, Daniel, “The Therapy of Distance,” American Heritage 27, no. 4 (June 1976).
12 Force, Peter, American Archives, Series IV, vol. 3, page 5; letter dated August 1, 1775, from Elbridge Gerry to General Washington.
13 Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 43 (Oct. 1909–June 1910), p. 574.
14 Wood, Gordon S., The American Revolution: A History (Modern Library, 2003), p. 62.
15 Black, Jeremy, European Warfare, 1660–1815 (Yale University Press, 1994), p. 42.
16 Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 43 (Oct. 1909–June 1910), p. 574.
17 Higginbotham, Don, Daniel Morgan: Revolutionary Rifleman (University of North Carolina Press, 1961), p. 39.
18 Wood, The American Revolution, p. 62.
19 Neilson, Charles, An Original, Compiled, and Corrected Account of Burgoyne’s Campaign: And the Memorable Battle of Bemis’s Heights. Sept. 19 and Oct. 7, 1777, From the Most Authentic Sources of Information; Including Many Interesting Incidents Connected with the Same: and a Map of the Battle Ground (Albany, 1844), p. 257.
20 Ibid.
21 Higginbotham, Don, Daniel Morgan: Revolutionary Rifleman (University of North Carolina Press, 1979), p. 170.
22 Black, Jeremy, European Warfare, p. 42.
23 Plaster, Major John. History of Sniping and Sharpshooting (Paladin Press, 2008), p. 102.
24 Russell, Carl P., Guns on the Early Frontiers: From Colonial Times to the Years of the Western Fur Trade (Dover, 2005: originally published by University of California, Berkeley Press, 1957), p. 99.
25 Artemas Ward to John Adams, 23 October 1775, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/06-03-02-0120.
1 Martin, Joseph Plumb, A Narrative of Some of the Adventures, Dangers and Sufferings of a Revolutionary Soldier [i.e., Joseph Plumb Martin]; Interspersed with Anecdotes of Incidents That Occurred Within His Own Observation. Written by himself (National Archives), p. 44.
2 Reid, Stuart, The Flintlock Musket: Brown Bess and Charleville, 1715–1865 (Osprey Publishing, 2016), p. 73.
3 Chaucer, Geoffrey, The Aldine Edition of The British Poets, The Poems of Geoffrey Chaucer In Six Volumes, Vol. V (George Bell & Sons, York St. Covent Garden and New York, 1893), p. 259.
4 Worman, Charles, G., Firearms in American History: A Guide for Writers, Curators, and General Readers (Westholme, 2007), p. 113.
5 Tower, Charlemagne, The Marquis De Lafayette in the American Revolution, vol.1 (Cosimo Classics, 2013), p. 323.
6 Worman, Charles G., Firearms in American History, p. 24.
7 Ibid., p. 27.
8 Peterson, Harold Leslie, Arms and Armor in Colonial America, 1526–1783 (Bramhall House, 1956), p. 172.
9 Martin, A Narrative of Some of the Adventures, Dangers and Sufferings of a Revolutionary Soldier, p. 174.
1 Debate in Virginia Ratifying Convention, Article 1, Section 8, Clause 12.
2 Chernow, Ron, Alexander Hamilton (Penguin Books, 2005), p. 294.
3 Malcolm, Joyce, To Keep and Bear Arms: The Origins of an Anglo-American Right (Harvard University Press, 1996), p. 137.
4 The Statutes of the Realm: Printed by Command of His Majesty King George The Third, vol. 3, p. 123, https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/012297566.
5 Malcolm, Joyce, To Keep and Bear Arms: The Origins of an Anglo-American Right, pp. 79–83.
6 The Founders; Constitution, University of Chicago, William Blackstone, Commentaries 1:139, http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/amendIIs4.html.
7 The Founders’ Constitution, University of Chicago, [Volume 1, Page 90], document 4, Samuel Adams, Boston Gazette, 27, Feb. 1769, http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/print_documents/v1ch3s4.html.
8 Frothingham, Richard, History of the Siege of Boston, and of the Battles of Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill (Charles C. Little and James Brown, 1851), p. 25.
9 Breen, T. H., American Insurgents, American Patriots: The Revolution of the People (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010), p. 85.
10 Simeon, Howard, “A Sermon Preached to the Ancient and Honorable Artillery-Company, in Boston, New-England, June 7th, 1773. Being the Anniversary of Their Election of Officers,” p. 19, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/evans/N10084.0001.001/1:3?rgn=div1;view=fulltext.
11 Paine, Thomas, The Writings of Thomas Paine (1906), “Thoughts on Defensive War” from the Pennsylvania Magazine, July 1775, http://www.bartleby.com/184/112.html.
12 Halbrook, Dr. Stephen, The Founders’ Second Amendment Origins of the Right to Bear (Ivan R. Dee, 2008), p.131.
13 Chase, Ellen, The Beginnings of the American Revolution: Based on Contemporary Letters Diaries and Other Documents, Volume 2 (The Baker and Taylor Company, 1910), p. 182.
14 Adams, Les, The Second Amendment Primer: A Citizen’s Guidebook to the History, Sources, and Authorities for the Constitutional Guarantee of the Right to Keep and Bear Arms (Skyhorse, 2013), p. 105.
15 “Debates and Proceedings in the Convention of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Held in the Year 1788, and Which Finally Ratified the Constitution of the United States” (Boston, W. White, printer to the commonwealth, 1856), p. 86.
16 Ratification of the Constitution by the State of New Hampshire; June 21, 1788 (http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratnh.asp).
1 Peterson, Harold L., Encyclopedia of Firearms (E. P. Dutton, 1964), p. 58.
2 Brown, Meredith M., Frontiersman: Daniel Boone and the Making of America (Louisiana State University Press, 2008), p. 21.
3 Carmichel, Jim, “Boone and the Bear,” Outdoor Life, Feb. 28, 2007.
4 Cramer, Clayton, Concealed Weapon Laws of the Early Republic: Dueling, Southern Violence, and Moral Reform (Praeger, 1999), p. 80.
5 Rose, American Rifle: A Biography (Delta, 2009), p. 16.
6 Morris, Charles R., The Dawn of Innovation: The First American Industrial Revolution (PublicAffairs, 2012), p. 113.
7 National Historic Site Massachusetts, Springfield Armory, https://www.nps.gov/spar/faqs.htm.
8 Garavaglia, Louis A. and Charles G. Worman, Firearms of the American West, Vol. 1, 1803–1865 (University Press of Colorado, 1998), p. 6.
9 The Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, August 30, 1803, https://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/item/lc.jrn.1803-08-30#lc.jrn.1803-08-30.01.
10 National Firearms Museum, “Treasure Gun: Girandoni Air Rifle as Used by Lewis and Clark,” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-pqFyKh-rUI.
11 Chiaventone, Frederick J., “Lewis and Clark’s Girandoni Air Rifle,” December 13, 2016. http://warfarehistorynetwork.com/daily/military-history/lewis-and-clarks-girandoni-air-rifle/.
12 National Firearms Museum, “Treasure Gun: Girandoni Air Rifle as Used by Lewis and Clark,” continued.
13 Morris, The Dawn of Innovation, p. 114.
14 Gibson, Karen Bush, Eli Whitney: Profiles in American History (Mitchell Lane, 2006), p. 33.
15 Bilby, Joseph G., A Revolution in Arms: A History of the First Repeating Rifles (Westholme Publishing, 2015), p. 31.
16 Garavaglia, Louis A. and Worman, Charles G., Firearms of the American West, Vol. 1, 1803–1865 (University Press of Colorado, 1998), p. 11.
17 Bilby, A Revolution in Arms, p. 34.
18 Harpers Ferry Armory exhibit, https://www.nps.gov/hafe/learn/historyculture/john-h-hall.htm.
19 Smith, Merritt R., Harpers Ferry Armory and the New Technology: The Challenge of Change (Cornell University Press, 1980), p. 206.
1 Most of the information regarding Colt’s family’s early efforts in manufacturing were culled from Tucker, Barbara M., and Kenneth H. Tucker, Industrializing Antebellum America: The Rise of Manufacturing Entrepreneurs in the Early Republic (Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008).
2 Barnard, Henry, Armsmear: The Home, the Arm, and the Armory of Samuel Colt: A Memorial (National Archives, 1862), p. 298.
3 Barnard, Armsmear, p. 301.
4 Manby, Charles (ed.), Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Volume 11, Session 1851–52, p. 38. (Published by the Institution, 1852).
5 Patent USX9430 I1, Feb. 25, 1836. https://patents.google.com/patent/USX9430
6 Trumbull, Levi R., A History of Industrial Paterson (National Archives, 1882).
7 Army and Navy Chronicle, and Scientific Repository, vol. 5.
8 Andrews, Stephen P., Jan E. Dizard, and Robert Muth (eds.), Guns in America: A Historical Reader (NYU Press, 1999), p. 61.
9 Manby, Charles (ed.), Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers with Abstract of the Discussions, vol. XI, Session 1851–52. (Published by the Institution, 1852).
10 Andrews, Dizard, and Muth, Guns in America, p. 65.
11 Lundeberg, Philip K., “Samuel Colt’s Submarine Battery: The Secret and the Enigma,” Smithsonian Research Online, https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/2428.
12 Schiffer, Michael B., Power Struggles: Scientific Authority and the Creation of Practical Electricity Before Edison (MIT Press, 2008), p. 124.
13 Boorstin, Daniel J., The Americans: The Democratic Experience (Random House 1973), p. 35.
14 Pegler, Martin, Colt Single-Action Revolvers (Osprey, 2010), p. 25.
15 Barnard, Armsmear, p. 206
16 Andrews, Dizard, and Muth, Guns in America, p. 71.
17 Smith, Anthony, Machine Gun: The Story of the Men and the Weapon That Changed the Face of War (St. Martin Press, 2002), p. 57.
18 Lamb, Martha Joanna, The Homes of America (D. Appleton, 1879), p. 181.
19 Grant, Ellsworth S., “Gunmaker to the World,” American Heritage Magazine, June, 1968, Volume 19, Issue 4.
20 Tucker and Tucker, Industrializing Antebellum America, p. 86.
21 Morris, Charles R., The Dawn of Innovation, p. 157.
22 Tucker and Tucker, Industrializing Antebellum America, p. 66.
23 Ibid., p. 78.
24 Trimble, Marshall, “The Peacemaker,” True West, June 16, 2016.
25 Punch, Volumes 21–22 (1851), p. 11.
26 Household Words, A Weekly Journal, Volume 9 (1854), p. 354.
27 Dickens, Charles, No. 218 of Charles Dickens’ “Household Words,” May 27, 1864. It can be found in, Colt, Samuel, “On the Application of Machinery to the Manufacture of Rotating Chambered-breech Fire-arms” (National Archives, 1855), p. 354.
28 Phelps, William M., Devil’s Right Hand: The Tragic Story of the Colt Family Curse (Lyons Press: 2013), p. 254.
1 Greener, W. W., The Gun and Its Development (Skyhorse; 9th edition, 2013), p. 589.
2 Ibid., p. 633.
3 Scientific American, vol. 4, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-minie-rifle-ball/
4 Leonard, Pat, “The Bullet That Changed History,” New York Times, Aug. 31, 2012.
5 Stamp, Jimmy, “The Inventive Mind of Walter Hunt, Yankee Mechanical Genius,” Smithsonian, Oct. 24, 2013.
6 Ibid.
7 For more on the Robbins and Lawrence factory, see Robbins & Lawrence Armory and Machine Shop/American Precision Museum, http://www.crjc.org/heritage/V09-60.htm.
8 Trevelyan, Laura, The Winchester: The Gun That Built an American Dynasty, p. 2.
9 Ibid., p. 10.
10 Ibid., p. 17.
11 Johnstone, William W., Winchester 1887 (Pinnacle, 2015), p. 199.
1 Bilby, A Revolution in Arms, p. 68.
2 Bartlett, Rev. W. A., “Lincoln’s Seven Hits with a Rifle,” Magazine of History: With Notes and Queries (Published by W. Abbott., 1922).
3 The Annual of Scientific Discovery, 1865 (Gould and Lincoln), p. 98.
4 National Firearms Museum, U.S. Spencer Lever Action Repeating Carbine. http://www.nramuseum.org/guns/the-galleries/a-nation-asunder-1861-to-1865/case-14-union-carbines/us-spencer-lever-action-repeating-carbine.aspx
5 Bruce, Robert V., Lincoln and the Tools of War (Bobbs Merrill, 1956), p. 114.
6 Rose, American Rifle, p. 178.
7 Bruce, Lincoln and the Tools of War, p. 114.
8 Ibid.
9 American Firearm Museum exhibit, “U.S. Spencer Lever Action Repeating Carbine.”
10 Bruce, Lincoln and the Tools of War, p. 25.
11 Popular Science, May 1961, p. 73.
12 Bruce, Lincoln and the Tools of War, p. 102.
13 Worman, Firearms in American History, p. 114.
14 Bruce, Lincoln and the Tools of War, p. 115.
15 Gettysburg National Military Park, Weapons at Gettysburg—The Spencer Repeating Rifle. https://npsgnmp.wordpress.com/2011/09/01/weapons-at-gettysburg-the-spencer-repeating-rifle/
16 Rose, American Rifle, p. 147.
17 Minetor, Randi, Historical Tours Gettysburg: Trace the Path of America’s Heritage (Globe Pequot, 2015), p. 50.
18 Bruce, Lincoln and the Tools of War, p. 109.
19 Stevens, Captain C. A., Berdan’s United States Sharpshooters in the Army of the Potomac, 1861–1865 (Price-McGill, 1892), p. 11.
20 Trevelyan, The Winchester, p. 21.
21 Bilby, Joseph G., A Revolution in Arms, p. 22.
22 “The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Record,” series I, vol. XLV, in two parts. Part II—Correspondence, Etc. (US Government Printing Office, 1984), p. 466.
23 Leigh, Phil, “The Union’s Newfangled Gimcrackers,” New York Times, Jan. 23, 2012.
24 Popular Science, May 1945, p. 208.
1 Rosa, Joseph G., Wild Bill Hickok, Gunfighter: An Account of Hickok’s Gunfights (Red River, 2001), p. 91.
2 Holland, Barbara, Gentlemen’s Blood: A History of Dueling From Swords at Dawn to Pistols at Dusk (Bloomsbury, 2003), p. 100.
3 Wilson, John Lyde, The Code of Honor: Or, Rules for the Government of Principals and Seconds in Duelling, (Thomas J. Eccles, 1838), p. 4.
4 Custer, George A., My Life on the Plains. Or, Personal Experiences with Indians (Sheldon, 1874), p. 34.
5 Rosa, Wild Bill Hickok, p. 80.
6 Garavaglia, Louis A., and Charles G. Worman, Firearms of the American West, vol. 2, p. vii.
7 Owens, Ron, Oklahoma Heroes: The Oklahoma Peace Officers Memorial (Turner, 2002), p. 72.
8 Hardin, John Wesley, The Life of John Wesley Hardin (Seguin, Texas: Smith & Moore, 1896), p. 14.
9 Garavaglia and Worman, Firearms of the American West, vol. 2, p. 253.
10 Vie militaire dans le Dakota, notes et souvenirs (1867–1869) (published posthumously in 1926 in English as Army Life in Dakota), p. 34, https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000235213.
11 Worman, Charles G., Gunsmoke and Saddle Leather: Firearms in the Nineteenth-century American West (University of New Mexico Press, 205), p. 181.
12 Dykstra, Robert R., The Cattle Towns (University of Nebraska Press, 1968), p. 116.
13 Dykstra, Robert R., “Quantifying the Wild West: The Problematic Statistics of Frontier Violence,” Western Historical Quarterly, 40, no. 3 (Autumn 2009), pp. 321–47.
14 Lee, Wayne C., Deadly Days in Kansas, (The Caxton Printers, 1997), p. 56.
15 Dillon, Richard, “Ben and Billy Thompson’s Cow Town,” April 8, 2008, HistoryNet.com.
16 Wunder, John R., “Frontier Violence,” The Encyclopedia of the Great Plains (University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 2004), http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.ii.026.
17 Kessler, Glenn, “Rick Santorum’s Misguided View of Gun Control in the Wild West,” Washington Post, April 29, 2014.
18 Schweikart, Larry, “The Non-Existent Frontier Bank Robbery,” Foundation for Economic Education, Monday, Jan. 1, 2001.
19 FBI, Bank Crime Statistics 2015, https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/stats-services-publications-bank-crime-statistics-2015-bank-crime-statistics-2015/view.
1 Warren, Louis S., Buffalo Bill’s America: William Cody and the Wild West Show (Vintage, 2006), p. 46.
2 Ibid., p. 47.
3 Harpers Weekly, December 14, 1867, pp. 792, 797–98, http://thewest.harpweek.com/Sections/Buffalo/BuffaloHunting1002.htm.
4 For more on “Beecher’s Bibles,” see Kansas Historical Society, https://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/beecher-bibles/11977.
5 Shields, G. O., Rustling in the Rockies: Hunting and Fishing by Mountain Stream (Belford, Clarke, 1883), p. 151.
6 Ibid.
7 Spangenberger, Phil, “The ‘Shoot Today, Kill Tomorrow’ Gun,” True West online, May 20, 2014, https://truewestmagazine.com/the-shoot-today-kill-tomorrow-gun/.
8 King, Gilbert, “Where the Buffalo No Longer Roamed,” Smithsonian, July 17, 2012, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/where-the-buffalo-no-longer-roamed-3067904/.
9 For further reading on the decimation of the buffalo, see Drew Isenberg’s The Destruction of the Bison: An Environmental History, 1750–1920 (Cambridge University Press, 2001).
10 Robbins, Jim, “Historians Revisit Slaughter on the Plains,” New York Times, November 16, 1999.
11 Midwest Archeological, Little Bighorn Archeological project, https://www.nps.gov/mwac/libi/firearm.html.
12 Wetmore, Helen Cody, Last of the Great Scouts: The Life Story of Col. William F. Cody, “Buffalo Bill” as Told by His Sister (Duluth Press, 1913), p. 204.
13 Warren, Buffalo Bill’s America, p. 241.
14 Kasper, Shirl, Annie Oakley (University of Oklahoma Press, 1992), p. 215.
15 Ibid., p. 215.
16 Letter to President William McKinley from Annie Oakley, April 5, 1898, National Archives. https://www.archives.gov/research/recover/example-02.html.
1 Scientific American, vol. 26, March 2, 1872, p. 2.
2 Daily Alta California 20, no. 6562, March 3, 1868.
3 Keller, Julia, Mr. Gatling’s Terrible Marvel: The Gun That Changed Everything and the Misunderstood Genius Who Invented It (Penguin, 2008), p. 27.
4 Ohio State University, Exhibitions, Civil War Battlefield Medicine, https://ehistory.osu.edu/exhibitions/cwsurgeon/cwsurgeon/amputation.
5 Burns, Stanley, MD, Behind the Lens: A History in Pictures, Surgery in the Civil War, PBS.
6 Maryland Medical Journal 46, no. 5, “Medical Fame Outside of Medicine,” p. xxi.
7 Ellis, John. The Social History of the Machine Gun (Random House, 1975), p. 11.
8 Chinn, George M. “The Machine Gun, Development During World War II and Korean Conflict by the United States and their Allies, of Full Automatic Machine Gun Systems and High Rate of Fire Power Driven Cannons,” Prepared for the Bureau of Ordnance, Department of Navy, 1951 (unclassified in July 1970), p. 36.
9 Perkins, Jacob, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/manufacturing-processing/jacob-perkins.
10 Bruce, Lincoln and the Tools of War, p. 138.
11 Ibid., p. 120.
12 Chivers, C. J., The Gun (Simon & Schuster, 2011), p. 26.
13 Cavendish, Richard, “The First Commercially Successful Machine Gun Emerged,” History Today 62, no. 11, Nov. 2012.
14 Moss, Matthew, “The Story of the Gatling Gun: Why You Still Know the Name of a 19th Century Weapon,” Popular Mechanics, Aug. 22, 2016.
15 Chivers, The Gun, p. 29.
16 Journal of Civil War History, Kent State University Press, 1963, p. 50.
17 Bruce, Lincoln and the Tools of War, p. 261.
1 Maxim, Hiram Stevens. My Life (Methuen, 1915), p. 315.
2 Editorial board, “Terrible Automatic Engines of War,” New York Times, March 28, 1897, http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9E0DE3DF1630E132A2575BC2A9659C94669ED7CF.
3 Browne. Malcolm W., “Deadly Weapon Now 100 Machine Gun Victims Hit Untold Numbers,” New York Times, December 15, 1985.
4 Mottelay, P. Fleury, The Life and Work of Sir Hiram Maxim: Knight, Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur, Etc; Etc, (John Lane, 1920), p. xi.
5 Ibid., p. x.
6 Maxim, My Life, p. 163.
7 Ellis, The Social History of the Machine Gun, p. 13.
8 Mottelay, P. Fleury, The Life and Work of Sir Hiram Maxim p. 10.
9 Pauly, Roger. Firearms: The Life Story of a Technology (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), p. 123.
10 Maxim, My Life, p. 164.
11 Sanford, P. Gerald, Nitro-Explosives: A Practical Treatise Concerning the Properties, Manufacture, and Analysis of Nitrated Substances, Including the Fulminates, Smokeless Powders, and Celluloid (D. Van Nostrand, 1906), p. 351, http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/15308.
12 Ibid.
13 Flynn, John T., “The Merchant of Death: Basil Zaharoff,” Mises Institute, Aug. 24, 2007.
14 Maxim, My Life, p. 213.
15 For more on German machine guns of World War I, see Bruce, Robert V., Machine Guns of World War I: Live Firing Classic Military Weapons in Color Photographs (Crowood Press, 2008).
16 Chivers, The Gun, p. 106.
1 Browning, John M., and Curt Gentry, John M Browning: American Gunmaker (Browning Company; 10th edition, 2000), p. 47.
2 Garavaglia, Louis A., and Charles G. Worman, Firearms of the American West, vol. 2, p. 207.
3 Browning, and Gentry, John M. Browning, p. 97.
4 Campbell, Dave, “A Look Back: The Winchester Model 1885 Single-Shot Rifle,” American Rifleman, May 2, 2016.
5 Browning, and Gentry, John M. Browning, p. 140.
6 Chinn, George M. The Machine Gun, Development During World War II and Korean Conflict by the United States and Their Allies, of Full Automatic Machine Gun Systems and High Rate of Fire Power Driven Cannons, p. 163.
7 Strohn, Matthias (ed.), World War I Companion (Osprey Publishing, 2013), p. 91.
8 Remington Society, “The Story of Eddystone,” http://www.remingtonsociety.org/the-story-of-eddystone/.
9 Chinn, George M. “The Machine Gun, Development During World War II and Korean Conflict by the United States and their Allies, of Full Automatic Machine Gun Systems and High Rate of Fire Power Driven Cannons,” p. 176.
10 Ibid., p. 164.
11 Browning, and Gentry, John M. Browning, p. 162.
12 La Garde, Louis Anatole, Gunshot Injuries: How They Are Inflicted, Their Complications and Treatment (William Wood, 1916), p. 70.
13 “Official History of the 82nd Division American Expeditionary Forces: ‘All American’ Division, 1917–19,” p. 61.
14 Browning, and Gentry, John M. Browning, p. 223.
1 Bergreen, Laurence, Capone: The Man and the Era (Simon & Schuster; reprint edition, 1996), p. 213.
2 Willbanks, James H., Machine Guns: An Illustrated History of Their Impact (ABC-CLIO, 2004), p. 86.
3 Ellis, The Social History of the Machine Gun, p. 13.
4 Yenne, Bill, Tommy Gun: How General Thompson’s Submachine Gun Wrote History (Thomas Dunne, 2009), p. 31.
5 Blumenthal, Karen, Tommy: The Gun That Changed America (Roaring Brook Press, 2015), p. 69.
6 Ibid.
7 Northwestern, Pritzker School of Law, “Learning from the Past, Living in the Present: Patterns in Chicago Homicides, 1870 to 1930,” Nov. 17, 2000, http://www.law.northwestern.edu/about/news/newsdisplay.cfm?id=463.
8 Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology & the Ancient World, Brown University, https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/courses/13things/7730.html.
9 Blumenthal, Tommy, p. 68.
10 Wack, Larry, FBI (Ret.), “FBI Firearms & the Myth of the 1934 Crime Bill,” June 10, 2016, p. 5.
11 Flink, James J., The Automobile Age (MIT Press, 1988), p. 25.
12 Presidential Statement on Signing Crime Bill, May 18, 1934, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=14877.
13 Blumenthal, Tommy, p. 182.
1 Hunt, Frazier, MacArthur and the War Against Japan (Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1944), p. 71.
2 Teale, Edwin, “He Invented the World’s Deadliest Rifle,” Popular Science 137, no. 6 (Dec. 1940).
3 McCarten, John, “The Man Behind the Gun,” New Yorker, February 6, 1943, p. 22.
4 Rose, American Rifle, p. 301.
5 Ibid.
6 Hoffman, John “A History of Innovation: U.S. Army Adaptation in War and Peace,” U.S. Army Center of Military History, 2009, p. 6.
7 Ibid., p.10
8 Ibid.
9 Modern Marvels: United States Army Weapon—M16 Assault Rifle. Documentary, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d59EWOzjtSo.
10 Thompson, Leroy, The M14 Battle Rifle (Osprey, 2014), p. 17.
1 Bailey, Sarah Pullam, “Here’s the Faith in the ‘American Sniper’ You Won’t See in the Film,” Washington Post, Jan. 14, 2015.
2 For more on snipers of World War II, see Haskew, Michael E., The Sniper at War: From the American Revolutionary War to the Present Day (Amber Books, 2012).
3 Rose, American Rifle, p. 197.
4 Calabi, Silvio, Steve Helsley, and Roger Sanger, “The Rigby Match Rifle, Creedmoor & More,” American Rifleman, Oct. 31, 2012.
5 Leech, Arthur Blennerhassett, Irish Riflemen in America (National Archives, 1875), p. 60.
6 Calabi, Silvio, Steve Helsley, and Roger Sanger, “The Rigby Match Rifle, Creedmoor & More,” American Rifleman, Oct. 31, 2012.
7 Leech, Irish Riflemen in America, p. 60.
8 Moskin, J. Robert, The U.S. Marine Corps Story (Back Bay Books; Third edition 1992), p. 102.
9 1st Battalion, 6th Marine Regiment, Belleau Wood, official website of the United States Marines. See http://www.6thmarines.marines.mil/Units/1st-Battalion/History/.
10 Moskin, The U.S. Marine Corps Story, p. 121.
11 Pyle, Ernie, Brave Men (University of Nebraska Press, 2001), p. 394.
12 Lanning, Col. Michael Lee, Inside the Crosshairs: Snipers in Vietnam (Ballantine Books, 1998), p. 59.
13 For more on the history of sniping schools, see Lanning, Michael Lee, Inside the Crosshairs: Snipers in Vietnam (Ballantine, 2013).
14 For Cass’s story, see Dockery, Kevin, Stalkers and Shooters: A History of Snipers (Dutton Caliber; reprint edition, 2007).
15 Haskew,The Sniper at War, p. 107.
16 Plaster, Major John, History of Sniping and Sharpshooting (Paladin Press, 2008), p. 202.
17 Distinguished Service Cross, Adelbert F. Waldron, https://valor.militarytimes.com/recipient.php?recipientid=4500.
1 Hanson, Victor Davis, “The World’s Most Popular Gun: The Long Road to the AK-47,” New Atlantis, no. 32 (Summer 2011), pp. 140–47.
2 Noble, Holcomb B., “Eugene Stoner, 74, Designer of M-16 Rifle and Other Arms,” New York Times, April 27, 1997.
3 Rose, American Rifle, p. 267.
4 Hallahan, William H., Misfire: The History of How America’s Small Arms Have Failed Our Military (Scribner, 1994), p. 467.
5 Coffey, Patrick, American Arsenal: A Century of Weapon Technology and Strategy (Oxford University Press, 2014), p. 243.
6 Gibson, James William, The Perfect War: Technowar in Vietnam (Atlantic Monthly, 2000), p. 130.
7 Bartocci, Christopher R., “AR-15/M16: The Rifle That Was Never Supposed to Be,” Gun Digest, July 16, 2012.
8 “Report of the M16 Rifle Review Panel,” June 1, 1968, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a953117.pdf.
9 Hallock, Richard R. (Colonel U.S. Army (Retired), “M-16 Rifle Case Study,” Prepared for the Chairman of the President’s Blue Ribbon Defense Panel, March 16, 1970, http://pogoarchives.org/labyrinth/09/02.pdf.
10 Chivers, The Gun, p. 404.
11 Reuters, “AK-47 Inventor: U.S. Troops in Iraq Prefer My Rifle to Theirs,” April 17, 2006.
12 Neuman, Scott, “Letter: Kalashnikov Suffered Remorse over Rifle He Invented,” National Public Radio online, Jan. 13, 2014.
13 Ibid.
14 Heintz, Jim, “Gun Designer: ‘Blame Nazis’ for creation of the AK-47,” Associated Press, Dec. 23, 2013.
1 Duffy, Peter, “100 Years Ago, a Killing That Spurred a Gun Law,” New York Times, Jan. 24, 2011, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C05EED7123EF937A15752C0A9679D8B63.
2 Article 265—NY Penal Law. http://ypdcrime.com/penal.law/article265.htm.
3 Frye, Brian L., at the University of Kentucky College of Law, “The Peculiar Story of United States v. Miller,” NYU Journal of Liberty and Law 3, no. 48 (2008), p. 58, http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1263&context=law_facpub.
4 Ibid.
5 Doherty, Brian, Gun Control on Trial: Inside the Supreme Court Battle over the Second Amendment (Cato Institute, 2009), pp. 16–17.
6 Latzer, Brian, The Rise and Fall of Violent Crime in America (Encounter, 2016), p. 75.
7 Ibid., p. 119.
8 Congressional Record, vol. 114, part 3, p. 3732.
9 Coleman, Arica, L., “When the NRA Supported Gun Control,” Time, July 29, 2016, http://time.com/4431356/nra-gun-control-history/.
10 Doherty, Brian, Gun Control on Trial, p. 46.
11 Wilson, Robert L., Ruger and His Guns: A History of the Man, the Company & Their Firearms (Chartwell Books, 2008), p. 11.
12 National Firearm Museum, Bill Ruger Prototype Semi-Auto Rifle, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXg5bWyTsVI.
13 Wilson, Ruger and His Guns, p. 4.
14 Brown, Aaron, “Behind America’s Gun Boom: Inside the Comeback at Sturm, Ruger,” Forbes, Nov. 5, 2012, https://www.forbes.com/sites/abrambrown/2012/10/17/behind-americas-gun-boom-inside-the-comeback-at-sturm-ruger/.
15 Gallup News Trends: Guns, http://news.gallup.com/poll/1645/Guns.aspx.
16 General Social Survey Final Report, “Trends in Gun Ownership in the United States, 1972–2014,” NORC at the University of Chicago, March 2015.
17 United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, “Firearms Commerce in the United States, 2016,” https://www.atf.gov/resource-center/docs/2016-firearms-commerce-united-states/download.
18 Krouse, William J., Specialist in Domestic Security and Crime Policy, “Gun Control Legislation,” Congressional Research Service, Nov. 14, 2012, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL32842.pdf.
1 Tucker, St. George. Blackstone’s Commentaries: With Notes of Reference to the Constitution and Laws of the Federal Government of the United States and of the Commonwealth of Virginia, Amendment II Document, http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/amendIIs7.html.
2 W. H. Sumner to John Adams, 3 May 1823, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/99-02-02-7811.
3 Volokh, Eugene, UCLA Law School, “State Constitutional Rights to Keep and Bear Arms,” Texas Review of Law & Politics 191, 2006, http://www2.law.ucla.edu/volokh/beararms/statecon.htm.
4 Curtis, Michael Kent, No State Shall Abridge: The Fourteenth Amendment and the Bill of Rights (Duke University Press, 1990), p. 111.
5 Great Speeches by American Women (Dover, 2007), p. 61.
6 Johnson, Nicholas, Negroes and the Gun: The Black Tradition of Arms (Prometheus, 2014), p. 132.
7 Halbrook, Stephen P., and Richard E. Gardiner, “NRA and Law Enforcement Opposition to the Brady Act: From Congress to the District Courts,” Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development 10, no. 1, article 2 (September 1994).
8 “Handgun Prohibition and the Original Meaning of the Second Amendment,” Michigan Law Review 82, no. 204 (1983).
9 Neily, Clark, “District of Columbia v. Heller: The Second Amendment Is Back, Baby,” Cato Supreme Court Review (2008), p. 132.
10 Liptak, Adam, “Carefully Plotted Course Propels Gun Case to Top,” New York Times, Dec. 3, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/03/us/03bar.html.