Contents

Contents

Part I: Origins of U.S. Law Enforcement

1 Introduction

2 Introduction to the Origins of American Jurisprudence

3 Growing Pains—1783–1865

4 Post–Civil War Unrest and Social Control during the Nineteenth Century

Part II: Law and Order in the Americas and Beyond, 1898–1946

5 U.S. Colonial Expansionism in the Caribbean and Pacific

6 Reinforcing WASP White Supremacy

7 Post–World War II Challenges to Law Enforcement

Part III: Civil Rights Aftermath

8 The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act

9 Role of Academia in Validating “Institutional Racism”

10 The War on Drugs and Its Escalation

11 Factors Contributing to the Militarization of the Police

Part IV: Twenty-First-Century Concerns

12 Understanding Group Dynamics, Biases, Prejudices, and Discrimination

13 Assessing Law Enforcement Personnel

14 Politics and Policing

15 Recommendations for American Law Enforcement

Postscript

Notes

About the Author