index

absorption band, 61, 136–39, 141–44, 193, 198, 211, 234, 295

absorption line, 56, 57, 60, 61, 213, 219, 232

Adams, John Couch, 32

Agassiz, Louis, 21

algae, 128, 131, 134–39, 142, 145–46, 194, 201, 264, 295

Anders, Edward, 175–77, 273

ALH 81005 meteorite, 166

ALH 84001 meteorite, 162–85, 262, 266, 268, 274, 277, 278, 280; carbonates, 172, 178–79, 182; magnetite, 179, 183–85; nanobacteria, 178–81, 186; PAHs, 172, 178–82

Antoniadi, Eugène Michael, 108, 112–16, 147, 273

Arago, François, 52

Arvidson, Ray, 261–62

Atreya, Sushil, 217

Bar-Nun, Akiva, 257–58

Barnard, E. E., 108–10, 273

Bartoli, Father Daniello, 36, 273

Beer, Wilhelm Wolff, 47–54, 273

Belsky, T., 141–42

Bessell, Friedrich Wilhelm, 21

Bezos, Jeffrey, 8–9

Biemann, Klaus, 156–57, 273

Bjoraker, Gordon L., 206–9, 221

Blue Origin, 8–9

Bode, Johann Elert, 22

Bonev, Boncho P., 221, 222, 226

Boothryd, Samuel, 102

Brenner, Leo (Spiridon Gopčević), 100

Bruno, Giordano, 18–19

Burton, C. E., 93, 274

Calvin, Melvin, 141–42

Campbell, William Wallace, 59–64, 107–8, 110, 213, 274

Cassini, Giovanni Domenico, 20, 29, 38–40, 53, 274

chloromethane, 159–60

chlorophyll, 117–25, 130, 133, 145, 172, 263

Clayton, Robert N., 168, 274

Clinton, President Bill, 173

Coblentz, William Weber, 119–20, 274

Cogshall, Wilbur A., 102

Colthup, Norman, 140–41, 274

Connes, Janine and Pierre, 193–95, 205, 274

Corliss, C. H., and Edith L. R., 64, 274

Cornhill, 70–73, 280

COSPAR, 267

Curiosity rover, 148, 174, 205, 243–44, 246–55, 259, 262, 265–66, 269, 277, 282

Cusanus, Nicolaus, 18

Dawes, William Rutter, 51–54, 91, 274

Dello Russo, Neil, 222, 226

dichloromethane, 159–60

differentiation, 30

Dimitrov, Vasili, 257–58

diogenite, 164, 166–69, 296

DiSanti, Michael A., 221, 222, 225, 226

Doppler shift, 64, 213–15, 253

Douglas, Andrew E., 102

Drew, Daniel A., 102

EETA 79001 meteorite, 170

Enceladus, 32, 34, 268

Encrenaz, Thérèse, 217

Epicurus, 18

Europa, 29–34, 268

Flammarion, Camille, 38, 39, 48, 50–52, 74–76, 93, 98, 99, 112–13, 275

Folk, Robert L., 180–81

Fontana, Francesco, 29, 35–36, 53, 98, 275

Fontenelle, Bernard Le Bovier de, 39, 275

Fonti, S., 233–37, 275

Formisano, Vittorio, 217–20, 223, 229, 253, 275

Fraunhofer, Joseph von, 47, 56, 57, 136

Gale Crater, 243, 262

Galilei, Galileo, 19, 20, 25–26, 29, 31

Galle, Johann Gottfried, 32

Geminale, A., 219, 229, 253

gemination, 92, 93, 100, 280, 296

Gibson, Everett, Jr., 172–74, 275

Giuranna, Marco, 217, 219

Goldilocks zone, 3

Green, Nathaniel, 54, 275

Grimaldi, Father Francesco, 36, 275

Hale, George Ellery, 108, 115

Halevy, Itay, 182

Hanel, Rudolph, 203

Haseltine, William, 142, 275

heavy water, 79–80, 142–44, 194, 201, 296

Herr, Kenneth C., 198

Herschel, William, 21, 32, 40–44, 51, 53, 54, 71, 275

Hewagama, Tilak, 226

Holmes, James, 253

Hooke, Robert, 29, 53

Horowitz, Norman, 154–57, 276

Huggins, William, 56–61, 62, 64, 65, 69, 70–76, 77, 193, 276

Huygens, Christiaan, 20, 31, 37–38, 276

Ignatiev, Nikolai, 217

Io, 30

Jakosky, Bruce, 85

Janssen, Jules, 59–60, 62, 64, 69, 75–76, 276

Jeans, James, 27–28

Jennings, Donald E., 206–9, 221

Jupiter, 1, 19, 23, 29–31, 33, 34, 38, 44, 52, 113, 143, 145, 169, 258

Kaplan, Lewis, 65, 67–69, 193–96, 205, 276

Kepler, Johannes, 20, 29, 223

Keppler, Frank, 258

Kiess, C. C., and Harriet K., 64, 276

Klein, Harold, 149–51, 154–55, 157, 276

Krasnopolsky, Vladimir, 205, 206–17, 219, 221–25, 228, 230–33, 236, 238–40, 265, 276

Kuiper, Gerard P., 126–35, 138, 139, 147, 194, 268, 276

Lampland Carl Otto, 102, 103, 109–10, 119, 277

Lansdorp, Bas, 9

Lasue, Jeremie, 78, 80

Le Verrier, Urbain, 32

Leclerc, Georges Louis, 21

Lellouch, Emmanuel, 210, 211, 277

Leshin, Laurie, 182

Levin, Gilbert, 153–54, 157–60, 277

Levy, Gerald S., 106

Lewis, Stephen, 253

Liais, Emmanuel, 50, 52, 277

lichens, 67, 120, 126–34, 136, 139, 142, 145–46, 172, 194, 263–64, 277

Lightfoot, Reverend John, 223

Lipperhey, Hans, 19

Lockyer, Norman, 53, 59, 72

London Reader, 72–73

Longomontanus, Christian, 223

Lowell Observatory, 61–62, 99, 100, 102–3, 105–9, 119–21, 137, 268, 277, 281

Lowell, Percival, 12–13, 61, 62, 98–116, 119–21, 128, 133, 134, 137, 147, 149, 194, 263, 268, 277

MacPherson, Glenn, 164, 167, 277

macrobes, 149, 264

Mädler, Johann Heinrich von, 47–54, 277

Maguire, William C., 203–5, 209, 211, 277

Mahaffy, Paul, 245–46, 250, 277

Maillard, Jean Pierre, 212, 214, 216, 221

Maimonides, Moses, 18

Mandell, Avi, 226

Maraldi, Giacomo Filippo, 40, 41, 53, 278

Mariner 4, 106–7, 143, 144

Mariner 6, 195–97

Mariner 7, 195–205, 215, 279

Mariner 9, 145, 148, 202–5, 206, 209, 211, 215, 277

Mars: atmosphere, 12, 25, 42–45, 49, 51, 52, 55–69, 70, 72–73, 75–76, 80, 83, 85–87, 103, 106–8, 120, 128–29, 131–32, 137, 141, 142–45, 147–49, 156, 170, 187–88, 190, 192, 197, 252, 256, 274, 276, 280, 281; carbon dioxide, 66–68, 78, 86, 87, 106–7, 118, 128–29, 147–48, 159, 170, 187–88, 195, 197–98, 210, 255–56, 279, 280; deuterium, 79–84, 86, 144; nitrogen, 2, 86, 148, 170, 238; obliquity, 42, 44, 45; rotation period, 37–45, 47, 53, 274; seasons, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 51, 71, 73, 75, 92, 107, 119, 123, 144, 218, 226, 236, 275; surface pressure, 74, 86–87, 106–7, 129, 141; surface temperature, 106–7, 119–20

Mars Express, 77, 78, 174, 205, 216–20, 222, 223, 225, 228–30, 233, 236, 238, 240, 253, 265, 275

Mars Global Surveyor, 77, 78, 87, 174, 205, 206, 233–38, 275, 278

Mars Odyssey, 86–87, 174

Mars One, 9

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, 77, 84, 87, 174

Mars surface features: canals, 13, 46, 91–98, 100–116, 132–33, 147, 194, 263, 268, 273, 274, 277, 279, 280, 281; dark patches, 38–40, 44, 46, 48, 91, 107, 112, 118, 121, 132, 137, 139, 142, 146, 274, 278, 280; hematite, 87–88; Meridian Bay, 47–48; outflow channels, 82–83, 202, 297; polar caps, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46, 49, 65, 68, 71, 78–79, 84, 104, 105, 119, 123–24, 129, 146, 148, 259; red color, 49–50, 52, 56–57, 75, 76; Syrtis Major Planum (Hourglass Sea, Atlantic Canale, Kaiser Sea), 38, 49–50, 53, 124; valley networks, 82–83, 295

Martel, Jan, 181, 183

Marzo, G. A., 233–37, 278

Masursky, Harold, 202–3

MAVEN, 85–87, 174

McKay, Chris, 159–60, 254, 267–68, 278

McKay, David, 172–84, 278

Mercury, 23–25, 34, 35, 39, 113, 133, 166

methane, 136, 186–88, 207; Canada-France-Hawai’i Telescope, 212–16; Curiosity rover, 242–56, 259–60; Infrared Space Observatory, 210–12; Kitt Peak National Observatory, 206–10; Mariner 7 IRS, 195–202; Mariner 9 IRIS, 202–5 Mars Express, 216–20; Mars Global Surveyor, 233–38; Martian lifetime, 190, 216, 220, 229–30, 236, 249, 251; Meudon Observatory, 193–95; multi-telescope study (2006–2010), 238–41; NASA IRTF, Gemini South and Keck 2 (2003), 221–29; NASA IRTF, Krasnopolsky (2006), 230–32; NASA, IRTF, Krasnopolsky (2009), 233; NASA IRTF, Mumma (2006), 228–29; terrestrial, 188–91, 207

methane sources on Mars: clathrates, 187, 257–59; meteoritic dust, 156, 189, 216, 258; methanogens, 259; permafrost, 79, 82, 87, 187, 257; serpentinization, 188, 256–57, 265; water vapor photolysis, 252, 257–58; zeolites, 253

Miller, William Allen, 56

Millman, Peter, viii, 120, 122–26, 278

Mittlefehldt, David, 167–68, 278

Moon, 20–22, 25, 40, 57, 59–63, 115, 134–35, 143, 166, 169, 197

moss, 67, 75, 120, 136, 146, 297

Mullen, Leslie, 224

Mumma, Mike, 79–82, 205, 206–10, 221–30, 232, 233, 236, 238–40, 265, 278

Münch, Guido, 65, 278

Musk, Elon, 7–8

Nagy, Bart, 176, 278

Nature, 72, 105, 176, 223, 223–24

Navarro-Gonzalez, Rafael, 159–60, 279

Neptune, 23, 32–34, 38, 143, 145, 188

Neumann, Gregory A., 78

Newcomb, Simon, 110–11, 279

Newton, Isaac, 20, 223

New York Times, 151, 152, 197, 202, 228

Novak, Robert E., 221, 222, 225–26

Nutman, Allen, 3

O’Leary, Brian T., 142

Öpik, Ernst Julius, 143–45

Opportunity rover, 174, 242–43, 261, 267

opposition, 36–37, 297

Orgueil meteorite, 175–77, 273, 278

Outer Space Treaty, 266

Owen, Tobias, 212–16, 221

Oyama, Vance, 153–55, 279

Paine, Thomas, 33–34

Patel, Manish, 253

Pathfinder Sojourner rover, 174, 242, 267

Pepin, Robert, 170

Peplow, Mark, 224

perchlorates, 159–60

Perrotin, Henri, 94, 279

Phoenix lander, 87, 160, 174

Pickering, Edward Charles, 94–95, 99, 279

Pickering, William Henry, 94–96, 100, 279

Pimentel, George, 142, 197–99, 202, 279

Plaut, Jeffrey J., 78

plurality of worlds, 33, 50, 75–76, 297

Pollack, James, 145–46, 279

Poynting, John, 106, 119

principle of plenitude, 19, 297

Proctor, Richard Anthony, 53–54, 73–74, 91, 280

Rea, Donald G., 141–42

Riccioli, Father Giamattista, 36, 280

Rittenhouse, David, 33–34

Roberts, C., 113

Russell, Henry Norris, 122

Sagan, Carl, 27, 65, 98, 145–46, 149, 250, 264, 269, 280

Schiaparelli, Giovanni, 12–13, 89–100, 108, 111, 113–15, 194, 263, 280

Schorn, Ronald, 68

Schröter, Johann Hieronymus, 44, 280

Schutt, John, 161, 166

Schwarzschild, Martin, 66, 280

Score, Roberta, 161–64, 166, 170, 280

Scott, Edward, 182

Secchi, Father Angelo, 49–51, 53, 54, 97, 281, 295

See, Thomas Jefferson Jackson, 102

Shirk, James, 142, 281

sidereal day, 53

Sindoni, G., 229, 253

Sinton Bands, 139–44, 174, 201, 274, 275, 281

Sinton, William, 134–44, 194, 201, 268, 281

Slipher, Earl, 103, 120

Slipher, Vesto Melvin, 61–64, 102–3, 120–21, 124, 281

Smith, David E., 78

Smith, Michael D., 226

sol, 53, 245–49, 255–56

solar day, 53

solar wind, 25, 85

solarians, 22–23

SpaceX, 7–9

spectroscopy, 55–58, 59–60, 276

Spinrad, Hyron, 65, 281

Spirit rover, 174, 242–43, 262, 267

Straat, Patricia, 158–59, 281

Stratoscope II, 65–69, 280

stromatolites, 3–4

Terby, François, 94, 281

terraforming, 8, 46–47, 51, 54, 84, 269, 298

Thollon, Louis, 94, 281

Thomas-Keprta, Kathie, 172–74, 281

Tikhov, Gavriil Adrianovich, 117–20, 281

Titan, 31–32, 126, 181, 188, 189, 269

Treiman, Allan, 183

Trépied, M., 94

Trumpler, Robert, 115–16, 120–22, 281

Uranus, 21, 23, 32, 33, 34, 40, 143, 188

Ussher, Bishop James, 223

Venus, 1, 19, 25–28, 35, 38, 39, 44, 100, 101–2, 111, 113, 134, 165

Vesta, 44, 164–68, 277

Viking landers, 147–60, 170, 224, 267, 273, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281; Gas chromatograph mass spectrometer experiment, 156–57, 273; Gas-Exchange experiment, 150–55, 279; Label-Release experiment, 150–54, 157–58, 160, 277, 278, 279, 281; Pyrolytic-Release experiment, 154–55, 276

Villanueva, Geronimo, 79–81, 226, 238–21, 281

Wall Street Journal, 67, 104–5, 201

War of the Worlds, 13–16

Weaver, Harold, 66

Webster, Christopher, 245–50, 254, 260, 282

Wells, H. G., 13–16

Whewell, William, 33–34

Wielders, Arno, 9

Young, Charles, 101

Zahnle, Kevin, 250–51, 253–56, 282

Zare, Richard, 172–74, 179, 282

Zuber, Maria T., 78