Introduction
1.Ballard (2014: 89).
2.Letter 120.3. Augustine (2004: 131).
3.Plato (1994: 150–1).
4.Aristotle (2000: 21–2).
5.Remarks by President Obama in Address to the United Nations General Assembly, The White House, Office of the Press Secretary, 24 September 2014, www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/24/remarks-president-obama-address-united-nations-general-assembly.
6.Mill (1962: 160).
7.Plato (1994: 90).
8.Plato (2000: 17).
9.Baggini and Stangroom (2007: 113).
10.Williams (2015: 330).
11.Lynch (2012: 9).
Chapter 1: The Eternal God argument
1.Paragraph 1 of this chapter draws on material in Baggini, 2009b.
2.‘Homer the Heretic’, Episode 4, Season 4, The Simpsons. First broadcast 8 October 1992.
3.Baggini and Stangroom (2003: 78).
4.Plantinga (1981).
5.Plantinga (1981: 42).
6.Plantinga (1981: 49).
7.Plantinga (2011: 16, 309).
8.Descartes (1986: 12), §17.
9.Knapton (2014).
10.Chowdhury et al. (2014).
11.Rescher (2001: 173).
12.See Haack (2009).
13.Wittgenstein (1969: 33), §248.
14.Russell (1967: 71).
15.Descartes (1986).
16.Locke (1976: 274), Book 4, Chapter 2, §6.
17.Wittgenstein (1969: 21e), §142.
18.Lynch (2012: 17).
19.Baggini and Stangroom (2003: 227–8).
20.This and what follows draws on material in Baggini, 2012b.
Chapter 2: Science for humans
1.Kumar (2014: 358).
2.Schlosshauer et al. (2013).
3.Kumar (2014: 211). Kumar’s book on the Einstein–Bohr debate is highly recommended and is my source for many of the quotes from scientists cited in this chapter.
4.Kumar (2014: 336).
5.Mill (1843: 22), Book 3, Chapter 14, §6.
6.Bostrom (2003).
7.Kumar (2014: 287).
8.Debate on 4 February 2014, video at https://youtube/z6kgvhG3AkI. Transcript archived at www.youngearth.org/index.php/archives/rmcf-articles/item/21-transcript-of-ken-ham-vs-bill-nye-debate.
9.Wolpert (1992: 101).
10.Baggini (2008).
11.Wolpert (1992: 108).
12.Lewens (2015: 40–1).
13.Medawar (1996: 33–9).
14.Kumar (2014: 61).
15.Kumar (2014: 56).
16.Wolpert (1992: 92).
17.Poincaré (1913: 388).
18.Wolpert (1992: 62–3).
19.Medawar (1996: 35–6).
20.Wolpert (1992: 95).
21.Wolpert (1992: 95).
22.Wolpert (1992: 99).
23.Wolpert (1992: 97).
24.Wolpert (1992: 100).
25.Kumar (2014: 18).
26.Kumar (2014: 226–7).
27.Kumar (2014: 302).
28.Aspect (2007).
29.Kumar (2014: 163).
30.Kumar (2014: 229).
31.Kumar (2014: 209).
32.Kumar (2014: 220).
33.Kumar (2014: 142).
34.Kumar (2014: 155).
35.Kumar (2014: 224).
36.Kumar (2014: 125).
37.Poincaré (1913: 367).
38.Kumar (2014: 134).
39.Kumar (2014: 123).
40.Attributed to Einstein in Wigner (1979: 230).
41.Jogalekar (2014).
42.Dirac (1963: 47).
43.Dirac (1938–9).
44.Ellis and Silk (2014).
45.Ball (2014).
46.Cartwright (1999: 24, 31).
47.Wolpert (1992: 92).
48.Baggini (2008).
49.Kumar (2014: 17).
50.Kumar (2014: 20).
51.Kumar (2014: 262).
52.Kumar (2014: 320).
Chapter 3: Rationality and judgement
1.This chapter draws on material in Baggini (2004a).
2.Singer (1972).
3.Chalmers (2015: 359).
4.Baggini and Stangroom (2003: 167–8).
5.Baggini and Stangroom (2002: 134–5).
6.Baggini and Stangroom (2002: 16).
7.Baggini and Stangroom (2003: 230).
8.Zhuangzi, Chapter 26, in Ivanhoe and Van Norden (2005: 20).
9.Baggini (2012a).
10.Hume (1988: 71) §4.1.
11.Descartes (1986: 17) §25.
12.Hume (1962: 301–2) Book 1, Part 4, §6.
13.Nozick (1974: 42–5).
14.Wittgenstein (1969: 2e) §3.
15.http://philpapers.org/surveys/results.pl.
Chapter 4: Lives of the mind
1.This chapter draws on material in Baggini (2002b).
2.Mill (1989: 111–44).
3.Rousseau (1996: 17).
4.Quine (1985: 76–7).
5.Quine (1985: 9).
6.Feyerabend (1995: 20).
7.van Inwagen (2004: 334).
8.Chalmers (2015: 352).
9.Bourget and Chalmers (2014).
10.Chalmers (2015: 348).
11.Wittgenstein (1980: 24).
12.Honderich (2001: 141).
13.Honderich (2015: 3).
14.Baggini (2015a: 195).
15.Baggini and Stangroom (2002: 207).
16.Honderich (2001: 87).
17.Russell (2000: 149).
18.Honderich (2001: 403).
19.Honderich (2001: 405).
20.Honderich (2001: 390).
21.See Goldman (1999).
22.I am unable to recall the source of this distinction, though I do not believe it is one I can claim to have invented myself.
23.Quine (1985: 1).
24.Ayer (1977) and Ayer (1984).
Chapter 5: The challenge of psychology
1.Auden (1940).
2.Foot (1978: 19–32).
3.Kahneman (2011: 20–1).
4.All in The Mind, BBC Radio 4, presented by Claudia Hammond, 16 November 2011.
5.Macdonald (2014).
6.Start the Week, BBC Radio 4, 17 March 2014.
7.Bartels and Pizarro (2011).
8.Pascal (1995: 127), §423 (277).
9.Macdonald (2014).
10.Baggini (2009a).
11.Baron-Cohen (2004: 8).
12.Irigaray (2004: 38).
13.Beebee and Saul (2011).
14.Baggini (2011).
15.https://beingawomaninphilosophy.wordpress.com/2010/12/11/show-me-a-grad-student-i-can-fck/.
16.https://beingawomaninphilosophy.wordpress.com/2015/08/04/that-might-impede-your-promotion/.
17.Kahneman (2011: 29).
Chapter 6: Guided by reason
1.This chapter draws on material in Baggini, 2004a.
2.See Nagel (1986).
3.Williams (2015: 331).
4.Lynch (2012: 95).
5.Hume (1988: 71–2), §IV.
6.Ayer (1946: 41).
7.Putnam (1991: 126–7).
8.Foucault (1984): 74–5).
9.Irigaray (1987: 110).
10.Sokal and Bricmont (1998: 100).
11.Lewens (2015: 154–8).
12.See www.badscience.net/2007/11/a-kind-of-magic/.
13.The following section draws on material in Baggini, 2004b.
14.Freud (1955: 116).
15.Horkheimer and Adorno (2002: 18, 159).
Part III
1.Plato (1996: 62), §358D.
2.Mackie (1977: 23).
1.Kant (1998: 45), § 4: 389.
2.Hume (1972: 156), Book 2, Part 3, §3.
3.See Plato (2000).
4.This chapter draws on material in Baggini, 2002a.
5.Searle (2001: 158, 161).
6.Searle (2001: 158).
7.Searle (2001: 158).
8.Searle (2001: 159–61).
9.Hume (1972: 203), Book 2, Part 1, §1.
10.Baggini and Stangroom (2007: 104).
11.Blackburn (1998: 240).
12.Korsgaard (1996: 47).
13.Williams (1985: 23).
14.Scanlon (2015: 169).
15.Blackburn (1998: 240).
16.Allen (2002: 26).
Chapter 8: Scientific morality
1.From Book 6 of A System of Logic, published as Mill (1988: 19).
2.Rosenberg (2011: 3).
3.Rosenberg (2011: 6).
4.Warnock (1984).
5.Churchland (2011: 12–26).
6.Baggini (2012a).
7.Ridley (1996: 127–47).
8.Baggini and Stangroom (2003: 18).
9.Thornhill and Palmer (2002: xi).
10.Binmore (2005: 1).
Chapter 9: The claims of reason
1.This chapter draws on material in Baggini, 2004a.
2.See, for example, the contributions to Dancey (2000).
3.Sartre (2001: 29).
4.See Edmonds and Eidenow (2001).
5.Jeffries (2007).
Part IV
1.Plato (1994: 193), §473d–474a.
2.Al Gathafi (2005: 77).
Chapter 10: The rational state
1.Prince (1987).
2.Plato (1955: 177, 240, 246), §412b, 459de, §461e.
3.Plato (1955: 262), §473a–c.
4.Knowing Me, Knowing You with Alan Partridge, Episode 5, BBC Radio 4, 29 December 1992.
5.Sen (2009: 12–13).
6.Sen (2009: 2).
7.Scruton (2006: 34).
8.Colton (1849: 477).
9.Aristotle (2000: 4), §1094b.
10.Tse-Tung (1968: 20).
11.Marx and Engels (2015: 11), §2 ‘Proletarians and Communists’.
12.Lenin (1975: 23).
13.Bakunin (1999: 74).
14.McFadden (2006).
15.Gardner (2008: 4).
16.Singer (2015: 14).
17.Marmot (2015: 110).
Chapter 11: Political reason
1.This section draws on material in Baggini, 2015b.
2.See Baggini (2013a).
3.Counterpoint produced a whole series of reports from across Europe (one of which I wrote), while Policy Network has been reading ‘the populist signal’ for several years.
4.Doxiadis and Matsaganis (2012: 12).
5.This section draws on material in Baggini, 2006.
6.Parekh (2000a) and Parekh (2000b).
7.Hampshire (1999).
8.Rawls (1997: 783).
9.Humanist Philosophers Group (2001).
10.See interview with Badiou at www.rebelion.org/cultura/040426ln.htm, 26 April 2004.
11.Badiou (2004).
12.Habermas (2005).
Conclusion
1.Lynch (2012: 3).
2.Lynch (2012: 138).
3.Suskind (2004).