Chapter 1
1.Lt. Grace P. Hayes, “The History of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in World War II: The War Against Japan” (hereafter cited as Hayes) Vol. I, pp 142, 194; Maurice Matloff, Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare, 1943–1944 (hereafter cited as Matloff), p 186; Louis Morton, Strategy and Command: The First Two Years (hereafter cited as Morton), p 33.
2.Wesley Frank Craven and James Lea Cate, “The Army Air Forces in World War II” Vol. IV The Pacific: Guadalcanal to Saipan, August 1942 to July 1944, p XIV; John Miller, Jr., Cartwheel: The Reduction of Rabaul, p 1.
3.Hayes, Vol. I, p 142.
4.Major Carl W. Hoffman, Saipan: The Beginning of the End (hereafter cited as Hoffman), p 14.
5.Hayes, Vol. I, p 388.
6.Ibid; Samuel Eliot Morison, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, Vol. VIII, New Guinea and the Marianas (hereafter cited as Morison), p 5.
7.Hayes, Vol. I, p 388.
8.E. B. Potter, Nimitz (hereafter cited as Potter), p 237; Morison, p 5.
9.Morton, p 589.
10.Hoffman, pp 14–15.
11.Potter, pp 237–238.
12.Morison, p 4; Morton, pp 457–460.
13.Potter, p 279.
14.Hoffman, p 15.
15.Commander in Chief U.S. Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas, “Narrative and Appendix,” p 110.
16.Ibid., pp 111–112; Matloff, p 186; Hayes, Vol. II, pp 7–8.
17.CinCPac/POA, “Narrative and Appendix,” pp 111–112.
18.Ibid., p 112; Hayes, Vol. II, pp 13–14; Matloff, p 191; Morton; p 467, also see pp 447–452.
19.Miller, Cartwheel, pp 212–213; Morton, p 547.
20.Hoffman, p 15.
21.Matloff, pp 308–309; Hayes, Vol. II, p 103; Morton, p 596.
22.Hayes, Vol. II, p 24; Hoffman, p 15; Morison, p 6.
23.Potter, p 241.
24.Morison, p 6.
25.Hoffman, p 16.
26.Morison, p 7.
27.Potter, pp 242–243; Craven and Cate, Guadalcanal to Saipan, p 553.
28.Hoffman, p 17.
29.Matloff, pp 376–377; Morton, pp 602–603.
30.Hoffman, p 18.
31.Morton, pp 668–672; Hoffman, p 18.
32.Hoffman, p 18.
33.Ibid.; Granite, Serial 0004, p 7; CinCPac/POA “Narrative and Appendix,” p 121.
34.Granite, Serial 0004, p 8.
35.Potter, pp 280–281; CinCPac/POA “Narrative and Appendix,” p 126; Hayes, pp 170–171.
36.Potter, p 281.
37.Hoffman, p 19; Craven and Cate, Guadalcanal to Saipan, p 571.
38.Mafloff, p 455.
39.Potter, p 281.
40.Ibid.
41.Matloff, p 456.
42.Potter, p 283.
43.Ibid.
44.Hoffman, pp 19–20; Vice Adm. George C. Dyer, The Amphibians Came to Conquer, p 856.
45.CinCPac/POA “Narrative and Appendix,” p 127.
46.Hoffman, p 19.
47.CinCPac Command Summary, p 2314.
48.Ibid., also see pp 2312–2314; Matloff, pp 458–459.
49.Hoffman, p 21.
50.Granite II Serial 00071, p 9.
1.Paul S. Dull, A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941–1945 (hereafter cited as Dull), pp 95–98.
2.Campaigns of the Pacific War, pp 205, 221; Dull, p 302.
3.Clark G. Reynolds, The Fast Carriers (hereafter cited as Reynolds), p 160; W. D. Dickson, The Battle of the Philippine Sea (hereafter cited as Dickson), p 26.
4.Campaigns, pp 226–227.
5.Ibid., p 227.
6.Morison, p 219.
7.Ibid., p 217
8.Clay Blair, Jr., Silent Victory, p 625.
9.Escort Division 40 Action Report, Serial 08, 27 May 1944, p 11.
10.Ibid., p 18.
11.Campaigns, pp 209, 222–223.
12.Dickson, pp 45–46.
13.“Magic” Far East Summaries, 12 February 1944–18 September 1944, SRS 73, 75, 77.
14.Morison, pp 118–132; Dull, pp 302–303; Dickson, pp 48–53; “Magic” Summaries, SRS 79.
15.“Magic” Summaries, SRS 87.
Chapter 3
1.Fleet Adm. King and Walter Muir Whitehill, Fleet Admiral King: A Naval Record, p 491.
2.CTF 58 Action Report, Serial 00388, Enclosure B, p 4.
3.Hornet Action Report, Serial 0020, Enclosure D, p 1.
4.Lt. W. G. Land and Lt. A. O. Van Wyen, Naval Air Operations in the Marianas (hereafter cited as Land and Van Wyen), p b-11.
5.Philip A. Crowl, Campaign in the Marianas, p 72.
6.CTG 58.2 Action Report, Serial 00223, p 7.
7.VF-24 ACA Report No. 23–44.
8.Yorktown Action Report, Serial 0020, Enclosure C, p 2; Essex Action Report, Serial 0029, Part V, pp 3–4.
9.Princeton Action Report, Serial 0239, p 13.
10.VB-14 ACA Report No. 16.
11.Lexington Action Report, Serial 0217, Comments.
12.VT-16 ACA Report No. 37.
13.VT-1 ACA Report No. 2.
14.Morison, p 180; see Charles A. Lockwood and Hans C. Adamson, Battles of the Philippine Sea, pp 69–71, for a defense of this bombardment.
15.COMINCH Secret Information Bulletin No. 20, p 74–25.
16.Comdr. Edward P. Stafford, The Big E, p 328.
17.Ibid., p 324–330; Morison, pp 176–178.
18.VT-16 ACA Report No. 37.
19.VF-14 ACA Report No. 23.
20.Stingray, Report of Patrol No. 11, pp 10–12.
21.CTF 58 Action Report, Enclosure B, p 7.
22.Land and Van Wyen, p b-1.
23. Morison, p 253; Potter, p 296; W. J. Holmes, Double-Edged Secrets, pp 179–180, 182.
24.Campaigns, pp 221–224.
25.Reynolds, p 166, also see pp 161–169 for an excellent discussion of “Formalist” versus “Meleeist” tactics.
26.Ibid., pp 177–178.
27.Adm. J. J. Clark, with Clark G. Reynolds, Carrier Admiral (hereafter cited as Clark), p 163.
28.CinCPac Chrono Files, message 142355 Com5thFlt to CTG 58.4.
29.Lt. Kenneth Clayton, “Iwo Never Was a Pushover”, p 48.
30.Reynolds, p 78.
31.Clark, p 167.
32.Ibid., pp 165–167; Reynolds, pp 181–182; Theodore Taylor, The Magnificent Mitscher, pp 212–213.
Chapter 4
1.“A-GO Operations Log, Supplement,” No. 91, p 14.
2.CinCPac Chrono Files, message 131812 CTF 17 to all subs; E. B. Potter and Fit. Adm. Chester W. Nimitz, The Great Sea War (hereafter cited as Potter and Nimitz), p 350.
3.Campaigns, p 260; 1st Mobile Fleet Classified No. 1048, p 2.
4.Dickson, p 63.
5.John Toland, The Rising Sun, p 498.
6.CinCPac Chrono Files, message 151411 Seahorse to ComSubPac.
7.Lexington War Diary, Serial 0135, Enclosure A, p 2.
8.Morison, pp 202–203; Land and Van Wyen, p b-10; Crowl, Campaign in the Marianas, pp 98–99.
9.Reynolds, pp 168, 181.
10.Land and Van Wyen, p b–2.
11.CTF 58 Action Report, Annex E, pp 1–2.
12.Ibid., Enclosure B, pp 7–8; Burke Interview, pp 13–15.
13.CTF 58 Action Report, Enclosure B, p 8.
14.Ibid., Enclosure B, p 11.
15.Lt. Comdr. J. Bryan III and Philip Reed, Mission Beyond Darkness (hereafter cited as Bryan and Reed), p 14.
16.Dickson, p 221.
17.CinCPac Chrono Files, message 162204 ComSubPac to Cavalla.
18.Cavalla Patrol Report No. 1; CinCPac Chrono Files, message 171345 Cavalla to ComSubPac; Dickson, p 80; Burke, “Decision Not to Force an Action on the Night of 18–19 June,” p 7.
19.CinCPac Chrono Files, message 171856 CTF 17 to all subs, message 180016 CTF 17 to specific subs.
20.CinCPac Chrono Files, message 171639 ComSubPac to Cavalla.
21.A-GO No. 90, pp 38–39.
22.CTF 58 Action Report, Enclosure B, pp 12–13.
23.Ibid., Enclosure B, p 14.
24.Com5thFlt Action Report, Serial 00026, p 5.
25.Thomas B. Buell, The Quiet Warrior (hereafter cited as Buell), p 265.
26.CTF 58 Action Report, Enclosure B, p 15.
27.Com5thFlt Action Report, Serial 00026, p 5.
28.Burke, “Decision Not to Force an Action . . .,” p 7.
29.Burke Interview, p 19.
30.A-GO No. 91, p 20.
31.Burke, “Decision Not to Force an Action . . .,” p 7.
32.Com5thFlt War Diary, Serial 00398, p 16.
33.Com5thFlt Action Report, Serial 00026, p 6; Potter and Nimitz, p 351.
34.CinCPac Chrono Files, message 190453 CTF 17 to all subs.
35.A-GO Operation “Detailed Summary of Reconnaissance and Air Attacks,” p 2; Morison, p 246.
36.Campaigns, p 242.
37.A-GO Operation “Detailed Summary,” p 3.
38.Morison, pp 246–247.
39.Ibid., p 247.
40.Campaigns, pp 265–266.
41.CinCPac Command Summary, p 1964.
42.Land and Van Wyen, p b–15.
43.CTF 58 Action Report, Enclosure B, p 17.
44.Ibid., also see Burke, “Decision Not to Force an Action . . .,” pp 8–9.
45.Reynolds, p 183.
46.Com5thFlt Action Report, Serial 00026, p 6; Potter and Nimitz. pp 352–353.
47.Burke, “Decision Not to Force an Action . . .,” p 9.
48.VF-25 ACA Report No. F8.
49.Campaigns, p 265.
50.CTF 58 Action Report, Enclosure B, p 20.
51.CinCPac Chrono Files, message 181106 CTF 17 to Stingray.
52.Com5thFlt Action Report, Serial 00026, p 7; Potter and Nimitz, pp 352–353.
53.Stafford, The Big E, p 337.
1.A-GO Operation “Detailed Summary,” p 3; Dickson, pp 100–102; Morison, Chart No. III.
2.Burke Interview, p 24.
3.Stockham Action Report, Serial 006, p 2.
4.Ibid.
5.CTF 58 Action Report, Enclosure B, p 22.
6.CTG 58.2 Action Report, p 10.
7.Yorktown Action Report, Enclosure C, p 2.
8.Dickson, p 108; Morison, p 269; Dull, p 307.
9.Dickson, p 108; Morison, p 269; Campaigns, p 245. Dull, p 307, has 35 Judys instead of 53.
10.Morison, pp 271–272; Dickson, pp 110–111.
11.CTG 58.3 Action Report, Serial 00116, Enclosure B, TBS Log, p 2.
12.Ibid., p 3.
13.VF-15 ACA Report No. 29.
14.Ibid.
15.Ibid.
16.Ibid.
17.VF-2 ACA Report No. 59–44.
18.Stockham Action Report, p 2.
19.CTG 58.3 Action Report, Enclosure B, TBS Log, p 3.
20.Ibid.
21.Ibid.
22.Albacore, Report of War Patrol No. 9, Serial 013, p 7.
23.Toland, The Rising Sun, p 500.
24.James H. and William M. Belote, Titans of the Sea, p 308; Morison, p 269; Dickson, p 110.
25.VF-15 ACA Report No. 30.
26.Ibid.
27.Ibid.
28.Ibid.
29.Taylor, The Magnificent Mitscher, p 229; Edward H. Sims, Greatest Fighter Missions, pp 140–145.
30.CTG 58.3 Action Report, Enclosure B, TBS Log, pp 4–5.
31.VF-8 ACA Report No. 57.
32.VF-50 ACA Report No. 26.
33.Ibid.
34.VF-1 ACA Report No. 36.
35.Stockham Action Report, p 3.
36.Indiana Action Report, Serial 075, p II-3.
37.San Francisco Action Report, Serial 0042, Enclosure G, p 60.
38.CinCPac Command Summary, p 1965.
39.Cavalla, Report of War Patrol No. 1, p 11.
40.Robert Sherrod, On to Westward, p 118.
41.CinCPac Chrono Files, message 191005 Cavalla to ComSubPac.
42.CinCPac Chrono Files, message 191123 ComSubPac to Cavalla.
43.Morison, p 280.
44.Dull, p 308.
45.Stafford, The Big E, p 345.
46.Morison, p 273.
47.VF-15 ACA Report No. 31.
48.Ibid.
49.Maj. O. R. Lodge, The Recapture of Guam, pp 108–109.
50.CinCPac/POA, “Operations in the Pacific Ocean Areas During June 1944,” Serial 003623.
51.Morison, p 274; Burke, “Decision Not to Force an Action,” p 15. Strean believes this anecdote to be, at the least, embellished.
Chapter 6
1.Com5thFlt Action Report, Serial 00026, p 10.
2.Reynolds, p 195.
3.Clark, p 171.
4.Essex Action Report, Part V, p 4.
5.A-GO. No. 90, p 46.
6.Ibid., pp 46–47.
7.VT-10 ACA Report No. 61–44.
8.Com5thFlt Action Report, Serial 00026, p 11.
9.VT-10 ACA Report No. 62–44, Nelson Narrative.
10.Ibid., Jones Narrative.
11.CTG 58.3 Action Report, Enclosure B, TBS Log, p 14.
12.Ibid.
13.Bryan and Reed, p 15.
14.CTF 58 Action Report, Enclosure B, p 27.
15.CTG 58.3 Action Report, Enclosure B, TBS Log, p 14.
16.CTG 58.1 Action Report, Serial 0052, p 10.
17.CTG 58.3 Action Report, Enclosure B, TBS Log, p 15.
18.Bryan and Reed, pp 26–27.
19.CAG 2 Report, Serial 082, p 2.
20.AG-14/VB-14 ACA Report No. 24.
21.VF-24 ACA Report No. 33–44.
22.Belleau Wood Action Report, Serial 0019, 2nd Endorsement.
23.VB-2 ACA Report No. 50–44.
24.Ibid.
25.Yorktown War Diary, Serial 0199, p 25.
26.Ibid.
27.VF-50 ACA Report No. 29.
28.Campaigns, p 245.
29.Ibid., pp 246, 263.
30.CAG 1 Report, Serial 001, p 6.
31.Yorktown War Diary, pp 24–25.
32.CAG 1 Report, pp 5–6.
33.Campaigns, p 245.
34.VT-24 ACA Report No. 1.
35.VF-24 ACA Report No. 33–44
36.Ibid.
37.Bryan and Reed, p 29.
38.AG-16/VT-16 ACA Report No. 42, McLellan Narrative.
39.Campaigns, p 245.
40.AG-16/VB-16 ACA Report No. 46.
41.VT-51 ACA Report No. 2.
42.Bryan and Reed, p 49; AG-16/VB-16 ACA Report No. 46.
43.VB-10 ACA Report No. M-13.
44.VT-10 ACA Report No. 63–44.
45.Ibid.
46.VF-10 ACA Report No. 46–44.
47.Tabular Record of Movements—Myoko.
48.CAG 8 ACA Report No. 10.
49.CTG 58.2 Action Report, Appendix 1, pp 3–4.
50.Morison, p 298.
51.Campaigns, p 252.
52.Ibid., Dickson, p 157.
53.Tabular Record of Movements—Haruna.
54.CAG 8 ACA Report No. 10.
55.Toland, The Rising Sun, p 503.
Chapter 7
1.VF-50 ACA Report No. 29.
2.Bryan and Reed, pp 63–64.
3.CTF 58 Action Report, Enclosure B, p 28.
4.Taylor, The Magnificent Mitscher, p 234; Clark, p 173.
5.Strean Narrative, p 122.
6.VT-10 ACA Report No. 63–44, Lawton Narrative.
7.VB-10 ACA Report No. M-13.
8.Belleau Wood War Diary, Serial 0116, p 10.
9.CTG 58.3 Action Report, Enclosure B, TBS Log, p 17.
10.VF-24 ACA Report No. 33–44.
11.VF-2 ACA Report No. 66–44.
12.VF-50 ACA Report No. 29.
13.Comdr. Robert A. Winston, Fighting Squadron, p 162.
14.Stafford, The Big E, pp 355–356.
15.Bryan and Reed, p 96.
16.VT-10 AC A Report No. 63–44.
17.Stafford, The Big E, p 356.
18.CTG 58.3 Action Report, Enclosure B, TBS Log, pp 18–23.
19.Bryan and Reed, pp 73–78.
20.AG-16/VF-16 ACA Report No. 53, Wendorf Narrative.
21.Ibid.
22.Ibid.
23.Bryan and Reed, p 105.
24.Ibid., p 97.
25.Ibid.
26.San Jacinto Action Report, Serial 004, Executive Officer’s Report.
27.VT-10 AC A Report No. 63–44.
28.Morison, p 304.
29.Ibid.
Chapter 8
1.VT-10 ACA Reports 65–44 and 64–44.
2.VT-10 ACA Report No. 64–44.
3.CTF 58 Action Report, Enclosure B, p 30.
4.VT-10 ACA Report No. 64–44, Radio Log.
5.CTF 58 Action Report, Enclosure B, p 32.
6.Morison, p 309.
7.Saburo Sakai, with Martin Caidin and Fred Saito, Samurai, pp 282–295.
8.A-GO No. 91, p 29.
9.Campaigns, pp 266–267.
10.Ibid., p 267.
11.CTF 58 Action Report, Enclosure B, p 32.
12.CTG 58.2 Action Report, pp 9–10.
13.Burke, “Decision Not to Force an Action . . .,” pp 7, 24–25; Reynolds, pp 169, 386; Buell, pp 265–266.
14.Potter, p 266.
15.Buell, p 131.
16.Reynolds, pp 28–29.
17.Burke, “Decision Not to Force an Action . . .,” pp 11–12.
18.Morison, p 314.
19.Ibid., p 315.
20.Buell, p 263.
21.Ibid., p 279.
22.Campaigns, p 221.
23.King and Whitehill, Fleet Admiral King: A Naval Record, p 563; Potter and Nimitz, p 360.
24.Reynolds, p 186; Crowl, Campaign in the Marianas, pp 123–126.
25.Buell, pp 278–279.
26.CTF 58 Action Report, Enclosure B, pp 8–9.
27.Ibid.; Buell, p 271.
28.CinCPac Command Summary, p 2323.
29.Morison, pp 315–316.
30.Land and Van Wyen, p b-32.
31.Buell, p 265.
32.CinCPac/CinCPOA, Operations in the Pacific Ocean Areas During June 1944, Serial 003623, Annex B, p 3.
33.ComAirForPacFlt, Analysis of Pacific Air Operations, June 1944, Serial 00888, pp 10–11.
34.Ibid., p 11.
35.ComAirForPacFlt, Analysis of Pacific Air Operations (Marianas Operations, 11–30 June 1944), Serial 001224, p 27.
36.AG-24 ACA Report No. 23–44. Most of the Action Reports, ship or aircraft, had recommendations of varying quality for the improvement of equipment, tactics, or operating procedures.
37.Clark, p 176.
38.Interrogations of Japanese Officials, Vol. II, p 356.
39.Toland, The Rising Sun, pp 523–530; Morison, p 340; Potter and Nimitz, pp 362–363; Crowl, Campaign in the Marianas, p 1.
40.Land and Van Wyen, charts; Squadron ACA reports; Morison, p 321.
41.Morison, pp 319–321; Dickson, pp 247–249; Campaigns, pp 246–248.