Page numbers refer to the print edition.
Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
Abel, Rudolph, 312, 330, 332, 333
Able Archer exercise, 313, 314, 333n2
airplane hijacking. See hijacking
Alexander Square rally, 76, 77
The Americans (TV series), 316
anti-Communist propaganda, 8, 66n26, 96, 283, 284, 314
antisemitism, 15, 31, 32, 46, 62, 204
anxiety, 308, 310, 311, 316, 321–22, 329–30
Auschwitz diary, 144, 146, 147, 150, 154n5
Aver’ianov, Vitalii, 184–85
Berger, Uwe: about, 16, 17, 105; as censor of literature, 100, 111; and Erich Loest, 114; and Eva Strittmatter, 117–18, 130n12; and Franz Fühmann, 111, 116, 119, 122, 123; and gender politics, 117; and Günter Casper, 107, 123; and Günter Kunert, 114, 127, 130n14; hardline ideological views of, 108, 123–24; and Klaus Poche, 114–15; in literary field, 118–29; and Lutz Rathenow, 17, 111, 116; and Monika Maron, 115; motivation of, 106, 125–26; and Paul Wiens, 109, 110, 111; recruitment of, 105–11; resentment by, 108; reviews by, 111–18, 122, 124, 126; and Sarah Kirsch, 111, 121–25, 127, 130n15; and secret police, 111–18, 126; and secret war on writers, 125–26, 129; Stasi’s irritation with, 130n9; and symbolic capital, 104, 125, 126, 128; travel privileges of, 110; and wife’s illness, 108–9; and Wolf Biermann, 107, 119–22, 130n13; and Wolfgang Hilbig, 115–16
Berlin Wall: about, 8, 9, 21; and border-pass agreement, 204–5; construction of, 202, 256, 261, 262, 266; as dangerous border, 204; fall of, 71, 78, 255, 310; images of, 296; trials related to, 78
Biermann, Wolf, 107, 119–22, 130n13
Bird, John (fictitious character), 311, 329
blanket surveillance, 307, 308
blurring, cinematography of, 321–31
Bond films. See James Bond films
books and literature: and censorship, 103; and counterrevolutionary stance, 115, 117, 118, 119; reviews of, 99, 101, 102, 104, 111–18; secret war on, 16, 99–115. See also writers
border: depiction of, 296, 297, 299; of East and West Germany, 21, 78, 202, 203, 207, 263, 265, 273, 279, 280, 294–303; as eyesore, 296; guards, 41, 78, 219, 233, 291, 292; images of, 302; imaginary, 294, 295; lackluster, 297; patrolling of, 265, 281, 288, 296, 298; tropes, 294–303
border crossers: about, 19; and border-pass agreement, 204–5; and Communist Party, 205; implications related to, 223–24; income generated through, 205; and intimate relationships, 198–200, 207, 210; and Iron Curtain, 223–24; “position” of, 197; and Stasi, 206–7, 213–24; suspicion about, 207, 210. See also guest workers; Turkish nationals
bourgeois lifestyle, 40, 140, 142, 145
Brandin, Wolf (fictitious character), 267–72
Bridge of Spies (movie), 255, 312–13, 317–20, 329–33
Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND), 5, 255, 295, 308, 311, 312
Busch, Willi (fictitious character), 280–82, 286–302, 287, 300
capitalist systems, 8, 222, 224, 266, 284
Caspar, Günter, 106, 107, 122, 123
censorship process, 100–105, 107, 108, 111, 119
chekist: about, 5, 18, 82, 187n6; and Cold War, 164–65; as guardian angel, 177–86; identification with, 178; and prisoners, 180–81; and repentance, 171–72, 174–75. See also secret police
Chiffriert an Chef (movie), 256, 258, 260, 267–73
CIA: about, 4, 7, 10; and DEFA films, 255, 257, 267, 268, 270, 271; and Ion Mihai Pacepa, 14; and Radio Free Europe, 67n37, 82
cinematography, 308, 318, 321–31
classified information, 112, 261, 267, 314
CNSAS, 153n2
Cold War: about, 1; and chekist, 164–65; and cinematic topography, 257; collaboration during, 19–20; covert operations during, 10–11; culture and ideology of, 11–12, 162; and DEFA films, 255–73; definition of, 6; and enemy types, 6, 10; fear and mistrust during, 12, 22; and foreign policy, 7, 10, 22, 23; and intelligence agencies, 10, 14; and Iron Curtain, 3; and James Bond films, 283–86; as knowledge race, 13; making sense of, 10; and Markus Wolf, 89, 95; and morality, 218–19; news analysis of, 11; and NGC movies, 279–303; population movements during, 9; post–, 1, 7, 21–24, 202, 310–12; propaganda, 6–11, 236–37, 241
Cold War stories. See spy stories
Communism: East German, 80, 84; fall of, 13; and Markus Wolf, 76, 83; “sources” used during, 139, 153n2
Communist autobiography, 77–80, 96
Communist Party: and border crossing, 205; German, 73, 84; Romanian, 29, 30, 140; and Samuel Feld, 32, 34, 36, 59
contract workers. See foreign workers
counterespionage, 29, 59, 67n36, 263
counterintelligence work, 10, 81, 83, 84, 163, 283
counterrevolutionary stance, 115, 117, 118, 119
“critical geopolitics,” 281, 282, 303
Critical Geopolitics (Tuathail), 281
cross-border relationships, 198–200, 207, 210
Cuban missile crisis, 8, 21, 261, 284
cultural authorities, 144, 147, 285
cultural memories, 247, 248, 315, 316, 331
cultural politics, 100, 109, 116, 118, 120, 122
currency exchange, 205
curtain of lies, 11–13
Das unsichtbare Visier (TV series), 260, 274n8, 282
declassified files, 1, 100, 102, 163, 229
DEFA films, 255–73
Der Westen leuchtet! (movie), 279
Der Willi-Busch-Report (movie), 279–81, 286–94, 296–97, 299–303
Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft (DEFA) films, 255–73
Deutschland 83 (TV series), 22, 274n7, 307–8, 313–16, 323–24, 331
Diamonds Are Forever (movie), 303n5
digital monitoring, 22, 309, 331
dissident movement, 165, 170, 182, 183
domestic surveillance. See surveillance
Donovan, James, 312–13, 318, 330, 331, 332
double agents, 14, 256–58, 260, 263, 265, 270
Dudko, Dmitrii: about, 18, 165–68; autobiographical writings by, 174–77; confession of, 168–70; death of, 181; and KGB, 161–62, 165, 186; life story of, 174; popularity of, 165; public disgrace of, 174, 175; recantation of, 166, 168, 176, 184, 188n20; reflection on, 184–85; relationship of, with investigator, 177–80; as repentant dissident, 181–83; and security apparatus, 164; and Soviet state, 172, 173, 178–79; and “telerepentance,” 161, 170–73; television appearance by, 166, 168
East Berlin: about, 12, 20; and Alexander Square rally, 76, 77; cross-border encounters in, 200–201; foreign workers in, 203, 204, 216; Horst Fischer’s trial in, 241–44; Markus Wolf in, 74; reasons for visiting, 215; Turkish concentration in, 198; women of, 208, 209, 214–16, 221, 222, 224
Eastern Bloc: about, 4, 9, 10; covert operations in, 10–11; and fear of imperialists, 12; and HVA, 82; and secret files, 14–15
East Germany: and Alexander Square rally, 76, 77; and border, 202; and espionage, 71, 81, 86, 96; and guest-worker program, 199, 215; hijacking trial reaction in, 237–41; and immigration wave, 9; literary perspective on, 244–45; political repression in, 82, 83, 88; population decline in, 202; secret police’s role in, 6; and xenophobia, 204, 215, 216, 225n3
Edel, Peter, 121
emigration through marriage, 208, 209
espionage: about, 1–3, 16, 21, 24; in DEFA films, 255–73; East German, 71, 81, 86, 96; foreign, 82, 260, 267, 271; Markus Wolf as head of, 82–83; in NGC movies, 279–303; post–Cold War, 310–12. See also intimacy; secret police; surveillance
“Evil Empire” speech, 314
extermination camps, 35, 38, 49, 65n18, 66n27
fear and mistrust, 12, 22, 290, 308
Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), 205, 255
Feld, Samuel: about, 15, 29–30, 34; academic career of, 36; accomplishments of, 39, 47; accusations by and against, 41–42, 44, 53, 57–58; adjectives used for, 52; attitude of, 52, 57–58; and cadre file, 32, 36, 38, 46, 47, 63n4; childhood events of, 65n22; communication of, with author, 62, 63n1, 64n7, 67n36; contradictions related to, 47–48; denials by, 43–44; denunciation of, 32, 42, 48, 52, 58, 62; as devoted Communist, 34–35, 40, 46; dismissal of, 29, 32, 44, 48, 55, 58–59; dissatisfaction with, 55; early life of, 33–34; emigration application of, 60; family members of, 35, 38, 40–48; file stories of, 31–32, 61, 62; informative notes about, 61; as “informer number 2,” 36, 38, 39; investigation of, 36, 38, 40–59; marriage of, 35–36, 46, 47, 48; and Mihailov incident, 49, 50, 51; moral transgressions by, 55; multilayered story of, 30–31; negligence by, 49–50; odd jobs performed by, 34; postdismissal period of, 59, 61–63; and regime change, 54–55; résumé of, 37; “scientific” approach used by, 52; and secret police, 34, 54, 64n14; self-critical reflection of, 56; surveillance file of, 59, 61; as victim, 33; and Zionist organizations, 38, 40
file stories: about, 1, 15; of Ana Novac, 144–53; configuring, 138–39; definition of, 31, 138; of Samuel Feld, 31–32, 61, 62. See also Securitate files; Stasi files
films and television: cinematography and staging of, 308, 318; fictional representations in, 20–21; funding and marketing of, 331–32; about hijacking, 229, 230; “liquid surveillance” in, 309–10; “nationalist fantasy” portrayal in, 258; political ambiguity in, 331–33; and Stasi, 260. See also specific films and series
Fischer, Horst: about, 229; arrest of, 234, 235; interrogations of, 242; sentence of, 241; Stasi files on, 242; under surveillance, 231–32, 243–44; and travel documents, 233; trial of, 241–44
foreign espionage. See espionage
foreign intelligence, 71, 75, 80, 82–83, 88, 95
foreign workers, 203, 204, 216, 218, 219
For Eyes Only (movie), 256–58, 260–66, 270, 272, 273, 282
Fühmann, Franz, 111, 116, 119, 122, 123
geopolitical boundaries, 281, 299
German Autumn (1977), 21, 237, 286, 290
German border, 202, 279, 280, 294–303
German Democratic Republic (GDR): about, 71; and border crossing, 203–5; censorship in, 100–104; collapse of, 72, 78, 79, 87; and HVA, 80, 82, 83; and Markus Wolf, 74, 84, 85, 88; and publishing world, 102; spy film genre in, 256–58, 260–67, 269–71; treaty signed by, 203; trials related to, 78; “Turkish Problem” for, 198
German-German border, 78, 263, 265, 273
German unification, 73, 77, 80, 86, 90, 93, 128–29, 246, 248
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 76, 77, 84, 85
The Green Hornet (TV show), 293
guest workers: about, 19, 197; discrimination against, 214; files on, 207; opinion about, 199–200; permits for, 206; personal gains obtained by, 219; role of, 200; and SED, 204; and Stasi, 220–23. See also Turkish nationals
Hanks, Tom, 312
Hansen (fictitious character), 261–66, 270, 271
Harsányi, Zimra. See Novac, Ana
Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung (HVA), 71, 75, 79–84, 90, 313–15
Hesse, Horst, 256, 260, 261, 265, 274n14, 275n19
hijacking: about, 229–30; diplomatic problems after, 237–38; by Hans Detlef Alexander Tiede, 235–36; of Landshut, 237, 238, 239; literary adaptation of, 230–31, 244–49; planning and flight for, 231–37; sightseeing tour after, 237; Stasi files on, 229–50; travel documents for, 233–34; treaty signed after, 238, 239; trial related to, 237–41
Hilbig, Wolfgang, 17, 111, 115–16, 125
Honecker, Erich, 74, 78, 84, 85, 326, 327
human rights, 161, 163, 165, 171, 273
images: of allies and enemies, 257; of Berlin Wall, 296; of the border, 302; of doubling, 324, 330; fast-moving, 310, 322, 325; focused and blurred, 323, 324; mirrorlike, 292
immigration, 9, 59, 67n36, 154n8, 224
imperialism and imperialists, 8, 12, 54, 272
informative notes: of “Karl Fischer,” 147–52, 156n22, 156n25; of “Magda,” 144–47; about Samuel Feld, 61; and target identity, 139, 152
inner-German border, 21, 203, 207
intelligence agencies, 7, 14, 71, 82, 92–93, 314
intelligence officers, 13–15, 256
intimacy: about, 197–98; and betrayal, 212; and cross-border relationships, 198–200, 207, 210; and guest-worker program, 199; historical context of, 202–7; and “Mesut” and “Corinna” episode, 210–12; and theme of lovers, 207–13; and “Tunte” and “Number 279594” episode, 216–17
Iron Curtain, 1, 2, 3, 9, 19, 255
James Bond films: about, 92, 257; and Cold War politics, 283–86; and Der Willi-Busch-Report, 280; and For Eyes Only, 262, 265–66; irony in, 285, 286; views on, 274n9
Judgment in Berlin (Stern), 230, 231, 239
“Karl Fischer,” 139, 147–52, 153n4, 155n11, 156n21, 156n23
KGB: about, 5, 13–14, 17–18, 23; collaborating with, 176; and Dudko episode, 161–62, 165, 186; Fifth Directorate of, 170, 171; and human rights, 171; and infiltration of the church, 167, 183; and security apparatus, 163–64, 174–76, 182–83, 187n6, 260
Kirsch, Sarah, 111, 121–25, 127, 130n15
Komitet gosudarstvennoĭ bezopasnosti. See kgb
Kunert, Günter, 100, 114, 121, 125, 130n10, 130n14
Landshut hijacking, 237, 238, 239
life story: of Ana Novac, 140–43, 154n5; of Dmitrii Dudko, 174; of Markus Wolf, 72, 85, 87, 91, 95, 96
life writing, 31, 63n5, 78, 95, 164
“liquid surveillance,” 22, 30, 309–10
literature. See books and literature
The Lite Trap (movie), 279, 286
Loest, Erich, 17, 111, 114, 122
love-based relationships. See intimacy
“Magda,” 139, 144–48, 150–52, 153n4
Man without a Face (Wolf), 79, 80, 82, 85, 93, 94
Maron, Monika, 17, 111, 115, 122, 125, 131n18
marriage-like relationships. See intimacy
“Mesut” and “Corinna” episode, 210–12
Ministry for State Security. See Stasi
mistrust and fear, 12, 22, 290, 308
narrative focalization, 312, 316
national security, 7, 8, 271, 319
National Security Agency (NSA), 307, 308
NATO: and Able Archer, 313, 314; and Rainer Rupp, 74, 81; response of, to attacks from Soviet Union, 8; as “security community,” 7–8; and Warsaw Pact, 8, 23, 255
Nelly (fictitious character), 311, 320, 328, 329, 330
New German Cinema (NGC), 279, 282, 290, 302
Novac, Ana: about, 139–40; and Auschwitz diary, 144, 146, 147, 150, 154n5; on blacklist, 143, 156n17; file story of, 144–53; life story of, 140–43; marriages of, 141–42; under surveillance, 153n4; as target, 152; as writer, 140–41
On My Own Behalf (Wolf), 76
Orthodox Church, 166, 167, 168, 180, 182, 183
Pacepa, Ion Mihai, 14; Red Horizons, 14
paranoia, 280, 282, 286, 290, 301, 322
peer reviews, 99, 104, 111, 112, 129
pluri-medial networking, 307, 315–21
Poche, Klaus, 17, 111, 114–15, 125
police files, 14, 20, 31, 100, 137–38, 169
Polish secret service, 234, 235, 238
Politburo members, 93, 104, 120, 130n13
political ambiguity: in Bridge of Spies, 330; in Deutschland 83, 307–8, 323–24; on screen, 331–33; in spy stories, 307–33
political repression, 82, 83, 88
“popular geopolitics,” 280–82, 294, 301, 302, 303
propaganda: Cold War, 6–11, 236–37, 241; Communist, 8; and “curtain of lies,” 11–13; “gray” and “black,” 10; as weapon of choice, 6
publishing world, 102–4. See also books and literature
Radio Free Europe, 7, 12, 14, 18, 67n37, 82
Rauch, Martin (fictitious character), 324, 325, 326, 327
Reagan, Ronald, 314
Red Army Faction (RAF), 21, 237, 286
Red Horizons (Pacepa), 14
refugees, 9, 11–13, 73, 211, 238, 320
romantic relationships. See intimacy
Romeo agents, 92–93
Ruske, Ingrid: about, 229; acquittal of, 240; amnesty granted to, 243; early life of, 232; interview of, 244; under surveillance, 231–32, 243–44; and travel documents, 233; trial of, 237–41
Rylance, Mark, 312
satellite states, 5, 6, 8, 18, 23, 164
Schilling, Niklaus, 279, 285, 286, 289
Schuster, Paul, 141, 144, 147, 148, 150
Schwochow, Christian, 320
Schwochow, Heide, 320
Second Cold War, 9, 161, 186n1
Second World War, 3, 80, 281, 299
secret police: about, 5–6; files of, 14, 20, 31, 100, 137–38, 169; and former dissidents, 171–72; and informants, 99; and Orthodox Church, 166–67; role of, 6; and Samuel Feld, 34, 54, 64n14; and Uwe Berger, 111–18, 126
secret service(s). See specific organizations
Securitate files, 15, 30, 154n8
Securitate officers, 14–15, 30, 40, 54–55, 59
Snowden, Edward, 307, 308, 321
socialism: about, 16; gray-on-gray, 125; and Markus Wolf, 74, 83, 89, 95; plays related to, 142–43; writers’ stance toward, 112, 113, 114
Socialist Unity Party (SED): about, 72; and abuse of power, 88–89; and guest-worker program, 204; and Markus Wolf, 84, 90; media controlled by, 259; traumatic rupture for, 77–78
Soviet security apparatus, 163–64, 174–76, 182–83, 187n6, 260
Soviet Union: about, 4; and Dmitrii Dudko, 172, 173, 178–79; and GDR, 205; and HVA, 82, 90; Markus Wolf in, 77; post–, 23, 164, 174–77, 182, 187n6, 188n29; response to attacks from, 8; secret police’s role in, 6
Spielberg, Steven, 255, 307, 312, 318–19
Spionagechef im geheimen Krieg (Wolf), 79, 86, 93, 94
spy films: biographical connection in, 318–19; Bridge of Spies, 255, 312–13; cinematography and staging of, 308, 318; as cliché, 285; by DEFA, 255–73; For Eyes Only, 256–58, 260–66; loyalty in, 312–13; by NGC, 279–303; Westen, 303, 307, 310–12, 320, 327, 331–32. See also films and television
“Spy Mania,” 282–83
spy stories: about, 1, 2, 3, 14; and Ana Novac, 139–53; and classified information, 112, 261, 267, 314; and declassified files, 1, 100, 102, 163, 229; and Dmitrii Dudko, 161–86; and hijacking, 229–49; and intimate relationships, 197–224; and Markus Wolf, 71–97; in movies, 281–82, 286, 288–89; political ambiguity in, 307–33; reaffirming border through, 299; and Samuel Feld, 29–63; and Uwe Berger, 99–129
Stasi: agents of, 71, 258, 271, 272, 295; and Alexander Square rally, 76, 77; archives of, 17, 100, 200, 230, 231, 248; and border crossing, 206–7, 213–24; censorship in, 100–104; and DEFA films, 259–73; and intimate relationships, 208–10, 218; and Markus Wolf, 5, 71, 88, 93; portrayals of, 260; and publishing world, 102–4; and secret services, 234, 235, 238; secret society of, 125–28; as “sword and shield,” 103, 206; and “unofficial collaborators,” 99; and Uwe Berger, 124; working for, 201, 220–23; and Writers Guild, 107, 109, 119, 121–24
Stasi files: declassified, 102, 229; destruction of, 71–72, 75; on guest workers, 207; on hijacking, 229–50; on Horst Fischer, 242; recovery of, 15; on Turkish nationals, 198–99; and Uwe Berger, 107, 124, 130n16. See also police files
Stasi informer(s): about, 16–17; as experts, 103; Hermann Kant as, 101; motivation of, 106; Peter Edel as, 121; recruitment of, 99, 103; and sense of belonging, 127–28; types of, 103; Werner Neubert as, 121
Stern, Herbert J., 238–39, 245, 249n6; Judgment in Berlin, 230, 231, 239
Stiller, Werner, 14, 71, 107–8
Stockholm syndrome, 178
storytelling, 1, 2, 32, 40, 137, 302
Strittmatter, Eva, 117–18, 130n12
Strubel, Antje Rávic: Tupolew 134, 230, 247, 248
superpowers. See Soviet Union; United States
surveillance: about, 9–11, 20–22; Ana Novac under, 153n4; anxiety about, 308, 310, 318; blanket, 307, 308; and border, 287; and civil liberties, 319; current politics of, 318; and data flow, 310; definition of, 308; domestic, 82, 83, 271; Ingrid Ruske and Horst Fischer under, 231–32, 243–44; movies representing, 280, 286, 321; Paul Wiens under, 109, 110; post–Cold War, 310–12. See also espionage
target identity, 17, 138, 139, 148, 152
Tiede, Hans Detlef Alexander: about, 229; arrest of, 236; sentence of, 240; and travel documents, 233; trial of, 237–41
totalitarian regimes, 10, 103, 153n2, 184, 185, 200
tracing and tracking. See surveillance
Tuathail, Gearóid Ó.: Critical Geopolitics, 281
“Tunte” and “Number 279594” episode, 216–17
Tupolew 134 (Strubel), 230, 247, 248
Turkish nationals: about, 19, 197; border crossing by, 198; and East-West confusion, 206; files related to, 198–99; intimate relationship with, 212–15; and social exclusion, 213–14; suspicion of, 218; tracking of, 215–17; transgressions by, 201–2, 218–19; from West Berlin, 199–200; working for Stasi, 201, 220–23
United States: about, 4; and BND, 5, 255, 295, 308, 311, 312; foreign policy of, 7; and hijacking trial, 238; position of, during Cold War, 257
U.S. Department of State, 239
Vassily (fictitious character), 328, 329
Wegner, Bettina, 117
West Berlin: about, 19, 140; sightseeing tour through, 237; social exclusion in, 213–14; Tiede and Ruske trial in, 237–41; Turkish nationals from, 199–200
Westen (movie), 303, 307, 310–12, 320, 327, 331–32
West Germany: about, 8, 21; and border, 202; and guest-worker program, 200, 204; and Markus Wolf, 74, 81, 83; and Samuel Feld, 57, 59; and secret services, 288, 295
Wiens, Paul, 109–13, 123, 130n7, 130n9
Wolf, Markus: about, 14, 16; and admissions of guilt, 87–88; at Alexander Square rally, 76–77; books written by, 72, 76, 95–97; and Communism, 76, 83; comparison of, to James Bond, 91–92; and credibility, 85–90; death of, 77; and disclaimer about omissions, 86; early life of, 73–77; in East Berlin, 74; and Erich Honecker, 84, 85; as fan of spy fiction, 90–91; and GDR, 74, 84, 85, 88; as head of espionage, 82–83; as ladies’ man, 91; life story of, 72, 85, 87, 91, 95, 96; Man without a Face, 79, 80, 82, 85, 93, 94; marriage of, 73–75; memoirs of, 79, 80; narrative strategy of, 76, 81, 86, 90; On My Own Behalf, 76; personnel file of, 97n3; remorse and shame of, 87, 89, 93; resignation letter of, 75, 79; retirement of, 74–75, 84; rumors about, 90–97; and secret services, 80, 92, 96; and SED, 84, 90; sentence of, 79; and socialism, 74, 83, 89, 95; in Soviet Union, 77; Spionagechef im geheimen Krieg, 79, 86, 93, 94; and Stasi, 5, 71, 88, 93; as storyteller, 80–85; on trial, 78, 79; and “Troika” project, 75; and victimization, 89–90; views of, on boss, 83–84; as wanted man, 94
Workers Leaving the Factory (movie), 321
World War II, 179, 239, 249n6, 255
writers: about, 99–100; Ana Novac, 139–53; Bettina Wegner, 117; Erich Loest, 17, 111, 114, 122; Eva Strittmatter, 117–18, 130n12; Franz Fühmann, 111, 116, 119, 122, 123; Günter Casper, 106, 107, 122, 123; Günter Kunert, 100, 114, 121, 125, 130n10, 130n14; Klaus Poche, 17, 111, 114–15, 125; Lutz Rathenow, 17, 111, 116; Monika Maron, 17, 111, 115, 122, 125, 131n18; monitoring of, 101; Paul Wiens, 109–13, 123, 130n7, 130n9; and peer reviews, 99, 104, 111, 112, 129; Peter Edel, 121; repression of, 125; Sarah Kirsch, 111, 121–25, 127, 130n15; secret war on, 125–26, 129; Wolf Biermann, 107, 119–22, 130n13; Wolfgang Hilbig, 17, 111, 115–16, 125. See also Berger, Uwe; censorship process
Writers Guild, 107, 109, 119, 121–24
Writers Union, 143, 144, 147, 155n17