A
adjustment brush 256, 287, 314
adjustment layers 268, 330, 332–333
additive primary colors 306
Adobe Camera Raw (ACR) 256, 340
Adobe Lightroom 4 81, 266–267, 270–271, 272, 274, 278, 283, 291, 292, 298, 302, 303, 305, 307, 328
Adobe Photoshop 80, 81, 103, 130, 243, 264, 266, 267, 268–269, 274–275, 276–277, 286, 296, 304, 307, 316, 322, 334, 336, 337, 338
ambient light 66, 134–135, 170, 229
architecture 26, 88, 129, 162, 168, 205
artificial light 66, 68, 100, 131, 142, 280
atmosphere 23, 104, 108, 128, 228, 231
autoexposure lock 187
B
background 35, 50, 135, 185, 187, 229, 249
backlighting 63, 95, 108, 115, 120, 148
black-and-white conversions 105, 164, 215, 308–309, 310–313
black point 87, 282–283, 316–317, 318
blur 51, 135, 146, 249, 254–255, 256–257
brightness 19, 54, 59, 94–95, 133, 212, 272
built-in flash 132, 133, 137, 148
burning 287, 312, 314–315, 332
C
candid photography 42, 150, 232, 233, 234
Capture One 257, 270, 273, 298
catchlights 225
center-weighted metering 50–51, 75
channels 102–103, 126, 258, 281, 308, 316
chiaroscuro 164–165, 166, 169, 230
chromatic aberrations 266, 340
clipping 23, 79, 106, 111, 282–283, 320
close-up shots 53, 58, 96, 115, 154, 156, 172, 184
clouds 89, 104, 106, 116–117, 118, 154, 280, 314, 331
see also skies
color 66–67, 212–213, 214–215, 216–219
color casts 66–67, 68–69, 106, 125, 127
complementary colors 212–213, 214, 228
composites 106, 262, 330–331, 332
context 89, 129, 183, 186, 190, 196, 240
contrast 19, 51, 52, 66, 74–75, 80–81, 82–85, 105, 107, 118, 162, 164, 283, 292, 305, 316
cropping 243, 252, 278–279, 313
D
daylight 55, 66, 67, 68, 101, 104–105, 107, 116–117, 131, 134, 143, 280
see also golden light
depth of field 34–35, 36–39, 40, 44, 48, 49, 50, 51, 227, 235
desaturation 130, 212, 262, 307, 322
diffusers 105, 107, 116, 119, 136–137, 145, 147, 150, 152, 154, 159, 160, 165
DSLRs 28, 34, 37, 58, 68, 132, 147, 182, 186, 240, 256, 288
dynamic range 19, 24, 51, 52, 61, 63, 64, 74, 80–85, 103, 106, 124, 134, 155, 162, 227
E
edge lighting 117, 148, 170–171
emotion 19, 24, 88, 89, 92, 95, 212, 215
exposure compensation 25, 50, 56, 75, 76–79, 119, 227
external flash units 132, 137, 145, 149, 173
eye-lines 187, 197, 203, 206, 234
F
faces 59, 78, 98, 105, 107, 148, 152, 155, 197, 231, 232–233, 243, 282
filters 37, 53, 68, 81, 105, 106, 257, 259, 314
flash 50, 53, 67, 95, 105, 107, 123, 132–141, 146–147, 148–149
flash units see external flash unit
fluorescent light 67, 68, 72, 126–127, 128, 131, 143
focal length 34, 36, 40, 45, 115, 173, 240–243, 248–249
manual 187
fog 74, 84, 92, 111, 118, 120–123, 228, 251, 313
forced flash 134
foreground 35, 48, 59, 81, 106, 108, 117, 189, 231, 242–243, 249, 315
framing 47, 122, 182, 199, 226–227, 321
frontal lights 115, 132, 134, 148, 171
front-curtain sync 135
f-stops 34–35, 40–41, 54, 119, 133
G
golden light 66, 100, 114–115, 162, 172, 238
Golden Triangle 207
gradation 102, 106, 164, 165, 171, 225
graphic design 163
gray point 316
grayscale 287, 291, 308–309, 312, 324
H
halogen bulbs 328
hard light 144, 162–163, 164–165, 166–169
HDRI (High Dynamic Range Imaging) 80–85
Healing Brush 336
high contrast 52, 63, 66, 105, 107, 116, 164, 202, 228, 253, 293, 305, 311
high-key photography 20, 24, 94–99, 158, 238
highlights 18, 20, 22–23, 53, 74, 80, 87, 94–95
High Speed Sync 132
histograms 52–53, 74, 81, 83, 96, 103, 106, 119, 115, 227, 304–305, 316–317
horizon 102, 104, 106, 114, 118, 189, 191, 243
horizontal orientation 188–189
hot shoes 132
I
incandescent light 66, 124–125, 146
interpolation 102
inverse square law 133, 142, 149
J
K
keyboard shortcuts 273
L
landscapes 22, 56, 58, 87, 105, 130, 188–189
Layers 268, 274, 277, 330–333, 334, 341
leading lines 194–195, 198–201, 206, 207, 257
lighting styles 90, 155, 158, 164, 165, 170, 176–181
light meters 18, 51, 52–53, 54–55, 58
Lightroom see Adobe Lightroom
light tents 156–157, 158–159, 161
curved 197
Live View 52
local adaptation 81
low contrast 74, 178, 284, 316
low light 28, 29, 215, 249, 300
luminance 52, 272, 306, 307, 318, 322, 334
see also Lightness
M
macro lenses 39, 171, 174, 220, 225, 244
manual exposure mode 51, 57, 63, 75, 338–339
masks 268, 286, 293, 296, 302, 314, 315, 335
matrix metering 58–59, 108, 227
megapixels 182
see also resolution
metering 20–21, 24–25, 52–65, 75, 80, 88, 105, 108, 110, 119, 165, 227
mid-tones 52, 57, 61, 83, 84, 86–87, 88, 91, 94, 105, 106, 155, 304–305, 316–317, 320
mist 92, 111, 118–119, 122, 178–179
modeling lights 141
see also black-and-white conversions
motion 44–47, 50, 51, 75, 104, 190, 249
motion blur 135, 146, 254–255, 256–261
N
narrative/story 183, 184, 185, 187, 190, 198, 221, 232, 233, 258
negative space 163, 228–229, 231, 234, 252
neutral density (ND) filters 37, 81, 106, 107, 257, 314
nighttime 25, 28, 29, 30, 42, 43, 51, 72, 100, 128, 215, 302
noise reduction 266, 291, 293, 294, 298–303, 313
O
off-center focusing 187, 190, 204, 209, 221, 234
overexposure 19, 22–27, 63, 95, 106, 108, 110, 319
P
paintbrush see adjustment brush
PaintShop Pro 264, 267, 268, 269, 274, 275, 276, 277, 304
palettes
tonal 22, 54, 89, 212, 213, 214, 238
workspace 271, 272–273, 275, 275–276
Patch tool 337
pattern 163, 173, 220–225, 228, 229, 336, 337
people 196, 206, 220, 232–239, 243, 249
perspective 163, 196, 197, 207, 220, 226, 238, 241, 242–255
pixels 18, 29, 52, 102, 262, 264, 268, 269, 272, 274, 276, 280, 288, 298, 316, 317
portraits 35, 51, 56, 60, 63, 70, 89, 91, 94, 97, 105, 107, 115, 116, 119, 132, 141, 144, 148–153, 155, 156, 159, 173, 184, 188, 189, 195, 203, 205, 207, 227, 232–239
posing 233
R
Radius slider 292
Raw files 103, 264, 269, 285, 290, 294
Raw processing software 266–267
rear-curtain sync 132, 135, 136–139
red eye 133
reflected-light metering 54–55
reflectors 98, 107, 117, 119, 134, 143, 144–145, 146–147, 148, 153, 154, 159, 165, 170, 225
Replace Color 130
see also additive primary colors
rim lighting 108
ring flash 141
S
saturation 20, 22, 82, 88, 106, 114, 116, 130, 212, 214–215, 306–307, 322–325
selection 264, 302, 314, 331, 336, 337
sensor 18–19, 23, 28–29, 52–53, 54–55, 74, 86–87, 102–103, 132, 240, 288
see also fill flash
shadows 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 52, 54–55, 74, 80, 87, 88–93, 105, 107, 114, 115, 117, 134, 148, 154–155, 162–169
sharpness 35, 36, 51, 256, 313
shutter 132
shutter speed 40–41, 42–47, 48–49
shutter speed priority 50–51, 75
sidebars 277
side lighting 115, 148, 151, 164, 170–172
silhouettes 40, 61, 104, 108, 115, 116, 148, 180, 191, 231, 234
skies 56, 89, 106, 108, 116, 214, 288, 307, 314, 315, 323
skin tones 56, 126, 215, 306, 307
slow sync 135
snowscapes 18, 59, 60, 71, 87, 99, 119, 123
sodium vapour lamps 70, 128–129, 297
soft light 116, 147, 154–161, 164
spill kill 144
Spot Healing Brush 336
spot metering 61–65, 75, 108, 165, 227, 282
Spot Removal 266, 267, 270, 288–289
still lifes 55, 89, 97, 109, 143, 146, 147, 156, 159, 215
story see narrative
striplights 141
subject placement 190
sunset 20, 67, 77, 81, 104, 108, 116, 212, 214, 230, 286, 326
symmetry 163, 202, 203, 204–205, 209
Synchronize Settings 340
T
telephoto lenses 115, 119, 163, 171, 173, 220, 240–241, 248–253
tension 89, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 197, 202–203, 210, 213, 221
texture 20, 23, 30, 76, 86–87, 95, 108, 115, 119, 145, 148, 157, 163, 171–175
three-quarter lighting 148–149
tonality 24, 77, 102–103, 113, 115, 117
tonal placement 87
Tone Curve 81, 86, 297, 304–305, 307
top lighting 140
tripods 37, 42, 47, 51, 83, 118, 134, 140, 144, 147, 204, 249, 254, 256–257, 340–341
TTL (through-the-lens) metering 53, 58
tungsten bulbs 56, 57, 68, 69, 70, 71, 101, 124–125, 126, 130–131, 146
U
underexposure 19, 20, 22–27, 80, 81, 116, 119, 287, 334
V
vapor discharge lights 128–129
W
watts 125
white balance 66–73, 125, 127, 129, 130–131, 280–281
white point 87, 282, 316, 317, 322, 332
wide-angle lenses 36, 102, 106, 172, 242–247, 342
wildlife 157, 197, 241, 248, 250
workflow 87, 262, 264–265, 267, 268–269, 274–275
Z