Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

INTRODUCTION

PROLOGUE

Two Revolutions, Two Declarations

Contract and the Declaration of Rights

Locke and the Two Revolutions

Locke and the Americans

PART ONE: Protestants

CHAPTER ONE
Aristotelian Royalism and Reformation Absolutism: Divine Right Theory

Dimensions of Divine Right

The Similitudes of Rule

The Reformation Attitude and the Transformation of Aristotle

Patriarchalism and the Reformation Attitude

CHAPTER TWO
Aristotelian Constitutionalism and Reformation Contractarianism: From Ancient Constitution to Original Contract

The Ancient Constitution

The Mixed Constitution

Contractarianisms

The Original Contract and the Reformation Attitude: Philip Hunton

The Aristotelianism of the Original Contract: Henry Parker

CHAPTER THREE
Contract and Christian Liberty: John Milton

Two Revolutions, Two Contractarianisms: Milton’s “Tenure” and the Declaration of Independence

Miltonic Politics and the Reformation Attitude

Milton’s Christian Republicanism

Two Contractarianisms, Two Fundamental Attitudes

PART TWO: Whigs

CHAPTER FOUR
Whig Contractarianisms and Rights

The Restoration and the Emergence of the Whigs

Exclusion and Whig Non-Contractarianism: Grotian Legalism

Whig Contractarianism and the Glorious Revolution: Right Grotians

Whig Contractarianism and the Glorious Revolution: Left Grotians

Contractarianisms

CHAPTER FIVE
The Master of Whig Political Philosophy

Grotius and the Reformation of Natural Law

The Source of Political Power

The Problem of Natural Law

Nature and Convention in the Roman Law

Grotius’s Break with the Natural Law Tradition

Nature and Convention in the Grotian Natural Law

CHAPTER SIX
A Neo-Harringtonian Moment? Whig Political Science and the Old Republicanism

The Politics of Liberty: Bernard Bailyn

The Politics of the Organic Community: Gordon Wood

The Politics of “Zoon Politikon”: J.G.A. Pocock

Political Philosophy and Political Science

Harrington and Neo-Harrington

In the Neo-Harringtonian Workshop

Whig Political Science

PART THREE: Natural Rights and the New Republicanism

CHAPTER SEVEN
Locke and the Reformation of Natural Law: Questions Concerning the Law of Nature

Grotius, Pufendorf, Locke

Locke and the Immanent Natural Law

Natural Law: Natural Sociability and Natural Morality

Transcendent Natural Law

CHAPTER EIGHT
Locke and the Reformation of Natural Law: Two Treatises of Government

The Transcendent Natural Law in “Two Treatises”

Thomist Natural Law and the Natural Executive Power

Grotian Natural Law and the Natural Executive Power

Natural Right and the Natural Executive Power

Transcendent Natural Law: Suicide

CHAPTER NINE
Locke and the Reformation of Natural Law: Of Property

Grotius, Pufendorf, Property

Transcendent Natural Law: Property

Property as Natural Right

Natural Law and Natural Rights

Natural Right as Property

Lockean Paradoxes

CHAPTER TEN
Locke and the Transformation of Whig Political Philosophy

Lockean Whiggism: “An Argument for Self-Defence”

“Cato’s Letters”: A Lockean Political Philosophy

“Cato’s Letters”: Natural Rights and the Old Republicanism

“Cato’s Letters”: Natural Rights and the New Republicanism

Notes

Bibliography

Index