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155. Chen F, Nakashima N, Kimura I, et al. Hypoglycemic activity and mechanisms of extracts from mulberry leaves (folium mori) and cortex mori radicis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Yakugaku Zasshi 1995; 115: 476–482.

156. Andallu B, Suryakantham V, Lakshmi Srikanthi B, et al. Effect of mulberry (Morus indica L.) therapy on plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clinica Chimica Acta 2001; 314: 47–53.

157. Porchezhian E, Dobriyal RM. An overview on the advances of Gymnema sylvestre: chemistry, pharmacology and patents. Pharmazie 2003; 58: 5–12.

158. Shanmugasundaram ER, Rajeswari G, Baskaran K, et al. Use of Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract in the control of blood glucose in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1990; 30: 281–294.

159. Baskaran K, Ahamath BK, Shanmugasundaram KR, et al. Antidiabetic effect of a leaf extract from Gymnema sylvestre in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1990; 30: 295–305.

160. Srivastava Y, Venkatakrishna-Bhatt H, Verma Y, et al. Antidiabetic and adaptogenic properties of Momordica charantia extract: an experimental and clinical evaluation. Phytotherapy Research 1993; 7: 285–289.

161. Welihinda J, Karunanaya EH, Sheriff MHR, et al. Effect of Momordica charantia on the glucose tolerance in maturity onset diabetes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1986; 17: 277–282.

162. Vuksan V, Stavro MP, Sievenpiper J, et al. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) reduces postproandial glycemia in nondiabetic subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Archives of Internal Medicine 2000; 160: 1009–1013.

163. Vuksan V, Stavro MP, Sievenpiper J, et al. Similar postprandial glycemic reductions with escalation of dose and administration time of American ginseng in Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000; 23: 1221–1226.

164. Vuksan V, Sievenpiper J, Wong J, et al. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) attenuates postprandial glycemia in a time dependent but not dose dependent manner in healthy individuals. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2001; 73: 753–758.

165. Vuksan V, Stavro MP, Sievenpiper J, et al. American ginseng improves glycemia in individuals with normal glucose tolerance: effect of dose and time escalation. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2000; 19: 738–744.

166. Sievenpiper J, Arnason JT, Leiter LA, et al. Variable effects of American ginseng: a batch of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) with a depressed ginsenoside profile does not affect postprandial glycemia. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2003; 57: 243–248.

167. Franz MJ, Bantle JP, Beebe CA, et al. Evidence-based nutrition principles and recommendations for the treatment and prevention of diabetes and related complications. Diabetes Care 2002; 25: 148–198.

168. Sotaniemi EA, Haapakoski E, Rautio A. Ginseng therapy in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1995; 18: 1373–1375.

169. Sharma RD, Raghuram TC, Rao NS. Effect of fenugreek seeds on blood glucose and serum lipids in type 1 diabetes. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1990; 44: 301–306.

170. Mada Z, Abel R, Samish S, et al. Glucose-lowering effect of fenugreek in non-insulin dependent diabetics. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1988; 42: 51–54.

171. Gupta A, Gupta R, Lal B. Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds on glycaemic control and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double blind placebo controlled study. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2001; 49: 1057–1061.

172. Sharma KK, Gupta RK, Gupta S, et al. Antihyperglycemic effect of onion: effect on fasting blood sugar and induced hyperglycemia in man. Indian Journal of Medical Research 1977; 65: 422–429.

173. Manuel y Keenoy B, Vertommen J, et al. The effect of flavonoid treatment on the glycation and antioxidant status in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes, Nutrition & Metabolism 1999; 12: 256–263.

174. Reljanovic M, Reichel G, Rett K, et al. Treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy with the antioxidant thioctic acid (alpha-lipoic acid): a two year multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (ALADIN II). Alpha Lipoic Acid in Diabetic Neuropathy. Free Radical Research 1999; 31: 171–179.

175. Jacob S, Ruus P, Hermann R, et al. Oral administration of RAC-alpha-lipoic acid modulates insulin sensitivity in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled pilot trial. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 1999; 27: 309–314.

176. Rindone JP, Achacoso S. Effect of low-dose niacin on glucose control in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. American Journal of Therapeutics 1996; 3: 637–639.

177. Grundy SM, Vega GL, McGovern ME, et al. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of once-daily niacin for the treatment of dyslipidemia associated with type 2 diabetes: results of the assessment of diabetes control and evaluation of the efficacy of niaspan trial. Archives of Internal Medicine 2002; 162: 1568–1576.

178. Kane MP, Hamilton RA, Addesse E, et al. Cholesterol and glycemic effects of Niaspan in patients with type 2 diabetes. Pharmacotherapy 2001; 21: 1473–1478.

179. El-Enein AMA, Hafez YS, Salem H, et al. The role of nicotinic acid and inositol hexaniacinate as anticholesterolemic and antilipemic agents. Nutrition Reports International 1983; 28: 899–911.

180. Schonlau F, Rohdewald P. Pycnogenol for diabetic retinopathy. A review. International Opthalmology 2001; 24: 161–171.

181. Passariello N, Bisesti V, Sgambato S. [Influence of anthocyanosides on the microcirculation and lipid picture in diabetic and dyslipidic subjects.] Gazzetta Medica Italiana 1979; 138: 563–566.

182. Stirban A, Negrean M, Stratmann B, et al. Benfotiamine prevents macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress following a meal rich in advanced glycation end products in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006 Sep; 29(9): 2064–2071.

183. Stracke H, Gaus W, Achenbach U, Federlin K, Bretzel RG. Benfotiamine in Diabetic Polyneuropathy (BENDIP): results of a randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 2008 Nov; 116(10): 600–605.

184. Alkhalaf A, Klooster A, van Oeveren W, et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial on benfotiamine treatment in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Care 2010 Jul; 33(7): 1598–1601.

185. Du X, Edelstein D, Brownlee M. Oral benfotiamine plus alpha-lipoic acid normalises complication-causing pathways in type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2008 Oct; 51(10): 1930–1932.

186. Forst T, Pohlmann T, Kunt T, et al. The influence of local capsaicin treatment on small nerve fibre function and neurovascular control in symptomatic diabetic neuropathy. Acta Diabetologica 2002; 39: 1–6.

187. Rains C, Bryson HM. Topical capsaicin: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential in post-herpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy and osteoarthritis. Drugs & Aging 1995; 7: 317–328.

188. Hu H. A review of treatment of diabetes by acupuncture during the past forty years. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1995; 15: 145–154.

189. Abuaisha BB, Costanzi JB, Boulton AJ. Acupuncture for the treatment of chronic painful peripheral diabetic neuropathy: a long-term study. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 1998; 39: 115–121.

190. Younes H, Alphonse JC, Behr S, et al. Role of fermentable carbohydrate supplements with a low-protein diet in the course of chronic renal failure: experimental bases. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 1999; 33: 633–646.

191. Gaede P, Poulsen HE, Parving HH, et al. Double-blind, randomised study of the effect of combined treatment with vitamin C and E on albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetic Medicine 2001; 18: 756–760.

192. Parving HH, Hovind P. Microalbuminuria in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: evidence with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers for treating early and preventing clinical nephropathy. Current Hypertension Reports 2002; 4: 387–393.

Diarrhea

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2. Hostettler M, Steffen R, Tschopp A. Efficacy of tolerability of insoluble carob fraction in the treatment of travellers’ diarrhea. Journal of Diarrhoeal Diseases Research 1995; 13: 155–158.

3. Majamaa H, Isolauri E, Saxelin M, et al. Lactic acid bacteria in the treatment of acute rotavirus gastroenteritis. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 1995; 20: 333–338.

4. Goossens D, Jonkers D, Stobberingh E, et al. Probiotics in gastroenterology: indications and future perspectives. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 2003 suppl; 239: 15–23.

5. Guandalini S. Probiotics for prevention and treatment of diarrhea. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 2011 Nov; 45 suppl:S149–S153.

6. Allen SJ, Martinez EG, Gregorio GV, Dans LF. Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010 Nov 10; 11:CD003048.

7. Zoppi G, Deganello A, Benoni G, et al. Oral bacteriotherapy in clinical practice. I. The use of different preparations in infants treated with antibiotics. European Journal of Pediatrics 1982; 139: 18–21.

8. Gotz VP, Romankiewics JA, Moss J. Prophylaxis against ampicillin-associated diarrhea with a lactobacillus preparation. American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 1979; 36: 754–757.

9. Ahuja MC, Khamar B. Antibiotic associated diarrhoea: a controlled study comparing plain antibiotic with those containing protected lactobacilli. Journal of Indian Medical Association 2002; 100: 334–335.

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11. Gupte S. Use of berberine in the treatment of giardiasis. American Journal of Diseases of Children 1975; 129: 866.

12. Bhakat MP. Therapeutic trial of Berberine sulphate in nonspecific gastroenteritis. Indian Medical Journal 1974; 68: 19–23.

13. Kamat SA. Clinical trial with berberine hydrochloride for the control of diarrhoea in acute gastroenteritis. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 1967; 15: 525–529.

14. Desai AB, Shah KM, Shah DM. Berberine in the treatment of diarrhoea. Indian Pediatrics 1971; 8: 462–465.

15. Sharma R, Joshi CK, Goyal RK. Berberine tannate in acute diarrhea. Indian Pediatrics 1970; 7: 496–501.

16. Choudry VP, Sabir M, Bhide VN. Berberine in giardiasis. Indian Pediatrics 1972; 9: 143–146.

17. Rabbani GH, Butler T, Knight J, et al. Randomized controlled trial of berberine sulfate therapy for diarrhea due to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1987; 155: 979–984.

18. Tai YH, Feser JF, Mernane WG, et al. Antisecretory effects of berberine in rat ileum. American Journal of Physiology 1981; 241:G253–G258.

19. Swabb EA, Tai YH, Jordan L. Reversal of cholera toxin-induced secretion in rat ileum by luminal berberine. American Journal of Physiology 1981; 241:G248–G252.

20. Akhter MH, Sabir M, Bhide NK. Possible mechanism of antidiarrhoeal effect of berberine. Indian Journal of Medical Research 1979; 70: 233–241.

21. Joshi PV, Shirkhedkar AA, Prakash K, Maheshwari VL. Antidiarrheal activity, chemical and toxicity profile of Berberis aristata. Pharmacology and Biology. 2011 Jan; 49(1): 94–100.

22. Subbotina MD, Timchenko VN, Vorobyov MM, et al. Effect of oral administration of tormentil root extract (Potentilla tormentilla) on rotavirus diarrhea in children: a randomized, double blind, controlled trial. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2003; 22: 706–711.

Ear Infection (Otitis Media)

1. MacIntyre EA, Chen CM, Herbarth O, Early-life otitis media and incident atopic disease at school age in a birth cohort. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2010 Dec; 29(12):e96–e99.

2. Kleinman LC, Kosecoff J, Dubois RW, et al. The medical appropriateness of tympanostomy tubes proposed for children younger than 16 years in the United States. JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association 1994; 271: 1250–1255.

3. Bluestone CD. Otitis media in children: to treat or not to treat? The New England Journal of Medicine 1982; 306: 1399–1404.

4. van Buchem FL, Dunk JH, van’t Hof MA. Therapy of acute otitis media: myringotomy, antibiotics, or neither? The Lancet 1981; 2: 883–887.

5. Williams RL, Chalmers TC, Stange KC, et al. Use of antibiotics in preventing recurrent acute otitis media and in treating otitis media with effusion. A meta-analytic attempt to resolve the brouhaha. JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association 1993; 270: 1344–1351.

6. Rosenfeld RM, Vertrees JE, Carr J, et al. Clinical efficacy of antimicrobial drugs for acute otitis media: metaanalysis of 5400 children from thirty-three randomized trials. Journal of Pediatrics 1994; 124: 355–367.

7. Froom J, Culpepper L, Jacobs M, et al. Antimicrobials for acute otitis media? A review from the International Primary Care Network. British Medical Journal 1997; 315: 98–102.

8. Del Castillo F, Baquero-Artigao F, Garcia-Perea A. Influence of recent antibiotic therapy on antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children with acute otitis media in Spain. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 1998; 17: 94–97.

9. Rovers MM, Schilder AG, Zielhuis GA, et al. Otitis media. The Lancet 2004; 363: 465–473.

10. Mandel EM, Casselbrant ML, Rockette HE, et al. Systemic steroid for chronic otitis media with effusion in children. Pediatrics 2002; 110: 1071–1080.

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12. Woodhead M. Antibiotic resistance. British Journal of Hospital Medicine 1996; 56: 314–315.

13. Cates C. An evidence based approach to reducing antibiotic use in children with acute otitis media: controlled before and after study. BMJ 1999; 318: 715–716.

14. Saarinen UM. Prolonged breast feeding as prophylaxis for recurrent otitis media. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 1982; 71: 567–571.

15. Uhari M, Mäntysaari K, Niemelä M. A meta-analytic review of the risk factors for acute otitis media. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1996; 22: 1079–1083.

16. Editor. Breast feeding prevents otitis media. Nutrition Reviews 1983; 41: 241–242.

17. Hasselbalch H, Jeppesen DL, Engelmann MD, et al. Decreased thymus size in formula-fed infants compared with breastfed infants. Acta Paedriatrica 1996; 85: 1029–1032.

18. Ramakrishnan JB. The role of food allergy in otolaryngology disorders. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery 2010 Jun; 18(3): 195–199.

19. McMahan JT, Calenoff E, Croft DJ, et al. Chronic otitis media with effusion and allergy: modified RAST analysis of 119 cases. Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery 1981; 89: 427–431.

20. Van Cauwenberge PB. The role of allergy in otitis media with effusion. Therapeutische Umschau 1982; 39: 1011–1016.

21. Bellionin P, Cantani A, Salvinelli F. Allergy: a leading role in otitis media with effusion. Allergologia et Immunopathologia 1987; 15: 205–208.

22. Hurst DS. Association of otitis media with effusion and allergy as demonstrated by intradermal skin testing and eosinophil protein levels in both middle ear effusions and mucosal biopsies. The Laryngoscope 1996; 106: 1128–1137.

23. Nsouli TM, Nsouli SM, Linde RE, et al. Role of food allergy in serous otitis media. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 1994; 73: 215–219.

24. Sarrell EM, Cohen HA, Kahan E. Naturopathic treatment for ear pain in children. Pediatrics 2003; 111: 574–579.

25. Sarrell EM, Mandelberg A, Cohen HA. Efficacy of naturopathic extracts in the management of ear pain associated with acute otitis media. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2001; 155: 796–799.

26. Uhari M, Kontiokari T, Koskela M, et al. Xylitol chewing gum in prevention of acute otitis media: double blind randomised trial. BMJ 1996; 313: 1180–1184.

27. Uhari M, Kontiokari T, Niemela M. A novel use of xylitol sugar in preventing acute otitis media. Pediatrics 1998; 102: 879–884.

28. Lovejoy HM, McGuirt WF, Ayres PH, et al. Effects of low humidity on the rat middle ear. The Laryngoscope 1994; 104: 1055–1058.

Endometriosis

1. Giudice LC. Clinical practice. Endometriosis. The New England Journal of Medicine 2010 Jun 24; 362(25): 2389–2398.

2. Weuve J, Hauser R, Calafat AM, et al. Association of exposure to phthalates with endometriosis and uterine leiomyomata: findings from NHANES, 1999–2004. Environmental Health Perspectives 2010 Jun; 118(6): 825–832.

3. Missmer SA, Chavarro JE, Malspeis S, et al. A prospective study of dietary fat consumption and endometriosis risk. Human Reproduction 2010 Jun; 25(6): 1528–1535.

4. Gazvani MR, Smith L, Haggarty P, et al. High omega-3: omega-6 fatty acid ratios in culture medium reduce endometrial-cell survival in combined endometrial gland and stromal cell cultures from women with and without endometriosis. Fertility and Sterility 2001; 76: 717–722.

5. Kappas A, Anderson KE, Conney AH, et al. Nutrition-endocrine interactions: induction of reciprocal changes in the delta 4-5 alpha-reduction of testosterone and the cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidation of estradiol by dietary macronutrients in man. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1983; 80: 7646–7649.

6. Goldin BR, Adlercreutz H, Dwyer JT, et al. Effect of diet on excretion of estrogens in pre- and postmenopausal women. Cancer Research 1981; 41: 3771–3773.

7. Michnovicz JJ, Bradlow HL. Altered estrogen metabolism and excretion in humans following consumption of indole-3-carbinol. Nutrition and Cancer 1991; 16: 59–66.

8. Leibovitz BE, Mueller JA. Bioflavonoids and polyphenols: medical applications. Journal of Optimal Nutrition 1993; 2: 17–35.

9. Nagata C, Takatsuka N, Kawakami N, Shimizu H. Soy product intake and premenopausal hysterectomy in a follow-up study of Japanese women. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2001 Sep; 55(9): 773–777.

10. Tremblay L. Reproductive toxins conference—pollution prevention network. Endometriosis Association Newsletter 1996; 17: 13–15.

11. Mathias JR, Franklin R, Quast DC, et al. Relation of endometriosis and neuromuscular disease of the gastrointestinal tract: new insights. Fertility and Sterility 1998 Jul; 70(1): 81–88.

12. Grodstein F, Goldman MB, Ryan L, Cramer DW. Relation of female infertility to consumption of caffeinated beverages. American Journal of Epidemiology 1993; 137: 1353–1360.

13. Kohama T, Herai K, Inoue M. Effect of French maritime pine bark extract on endometriosis as compared with leuprorelin acetate. The Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2007; 52(8): 703–708.

14. Wuttke W, Jarry H, Christoffel V, et al. Chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus)—pharmacology and clinical indications. Phytomedicine 2003 May; 10(4): 348–357.

Erectile Dysfunction

1. Hatzimouratidis K. Epidemiology of male sexual dysfunction. American Journal of Men’s Health 2007 Jun; 1(2): 103–125.

2. Shin D, Pregenzer G Jr, Gardin JM. Erectile dysfunction: a disease marker for cardiovascular disease. Cardiology in Review 2011 Jan–Feb; 19(1): 5–11.

3. Heidelbaugh JJ. Management of erectile dysfunction. American Family Physician 2010 Feb 1; 81(3): 305–312.

4. Safarinejad MR. Safety and efficacy of coenzyme Q10 supplementation in early chronic Peyronie’s disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study. International Journal of Impotence Research 2010 Sep–Oct; 22(5): 298–309.

5. White JR, Case DA, McWhirter D, Mattisson AM. Enhanced sexual behavior in exercising men. Archives of Sexual Behavior 1990; 19: 193–209.

6. Sommer F, Goldstein I, Korda JB. Bicycle riding and erectile dysfunction: a review. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 2010 Jul; 7(7): 2346–2358.

7. Chen J, Wollman Y, Chernichovsky T, Effect of oral administration of high-dose nitric oxide donor L-arginine in men with organic erectile dysfunction: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. BJU International 1999 Feb; 83(3): 269–273.

8. Stanislavov R, Nikolova V, Rohdewald P. Improvement of erectile function with Prelox: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. International Journal of Impotence Research 2008 Mar–Apr; 20(2): 173–180.

9. Ledda A, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, et al. Investigation of a complex plant extract for mild to moderate erectile dysfunction in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study. BJU International 2010 Oct; 106(7): 1030–1033.

10. Aoki H, Nagao J, Ueda T, et al. Clinical assessment of a supplement of Pycnogenol^® and l-arginine in Japanese patients with mild to moderate erectile dysfunction. Phytotherapy Research 2012 Feb; 26(2): 204–207.

11. Cormio L, De Siati M, Lorusso F, et al. Oral L-citrulline supplementation improves erection hardness in men with mild erectile dysfunction. Urology 2011 Jan; 77(1): 119–122.

12. Ernst E, Pittler MH. Yohimbine for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Journal of Urology 1998; 159: 433–436.

13. Betz J, White KD, der Marderosian AH. Chemical analysis of 26 commercial yohimbe products. Journal of AOAC International 1995; 78(5): 1189–1194.

14. Waynberg J. Aphrodisiacs: contribution to the clinical validation of the traditional use of Ptychopetalum guyanna. Presented at the First International Congress on Ethnopharmacology, Strasbourg, France, June 5–9, 1990.

15. Jang DJ, Lee MS, Shin BC, et al. Red ginseng for treating erectile dysfunction: a systematic review. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2008 Oct; 66(4): 444–450.

16. Hong B, Ji YH, Hong JH, et al. A double-blind crossover study evaluating the efficacy of Korean red ginseng in patients with erectile dysfunction: a preliminary report. Journal of Urology 2002; 168: 2070–2073.

17. Zanoli P, Zavatti M, Montanari C, Baraldi M. Influence of Eurycoma longifolia on the copulatory activity of sexually sluggish and impotent male rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2009 Nov 12; 126(2): 308–313.

18. Ang HH, Lee KL, Kiyoshi M. Sexual arousal in sexually sluggish old male rats after oral administration of Eurycoma longifolia Jack. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology 2004; 15(3–4): 303–309.

19. Hamzah S, Yusof A. The ergogenic effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack: a pilot study. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2003; 37: 464–470.

20. Gauthaman K, Ganesan AP. The hormonal effects of Tribulus terrestris and its role in the management of male erectile dysfunction—an evaluation using primates, rabbit and rat. Phytomedicine 2008; 15(1–2): 44–54.

21. Rogerson S, Riches CJ, Jennings C, et al. The effect of five weeks of Tribulus terrestris supplementation on muscle strength and body composition during preseason training in elite rugby league players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 2007; 21(2): 348–353.

22. Steels E, Rao A, Vitetta L. Physiological aspects of male libido enhanced by standardized Trigonella foenum-graecum extract and mineral formulation. Phytotherapy Research 2011 Sep; 25(9): 1294–1300.

23. Sikora R, Sohn M, Deutz et al. Ginkgo biloba extract in the therapy of erectile dysfunction. Journal of Urology 1989; 141: 188A.

24. Sohn M, Sikora R. Ginkgo biloba extract in the therapy of erectile dysfunction. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy 1991; 17: 53–61.

25. Cohen AJ, Bartlik B. Ginkgo biloba for antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 1998; 24: 139–143.

26. Kang BJ, Lee SJ, Kim MD, Cho MJ. A placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of Ginkgo biloba for antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction. Human Psychopharmacology 2002 Aug; 17(6): 279–284.

Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)

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2. Saarinen UM, Kajosaari M. Breastfeeding as prophylaxis against atopic disease: prospective follow-up study until 17 years old. The Lancet 1995; 346: 1065–1069.

3. Isolauri E, Tahvanainen A, Peltola T, et al. Breast-feeding of allergic infants. Journal of Pediatrics 1999; 134: 27–32.

4. Arvola T, Moilanen E, Vuento R, et al. Weaning to hypoallergenic formula improves gut barrier function in breastfed infants with atopic eczema. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 2004; 38: 92–96.

5. Cant AJ, Bailes JA, et al. Effect of maternal dietary exclusion on breast fed infants with eczema: two controlled studies. British Medical Journal 1986; 293: 231–233.

6. Burks AW, Williams LW, Mallory SB, et al. Peanut protein as a major cause of adverse food reaction in patients with atopic dermatitis. Allergy Proceedings 1989; 10: 265–269.

7. Lever R, MacDonald C, Waugh P, et al. Randomised controlled trial of advice on an egg exclusion diet in young children with atopic eczema and sensitivity to eggs. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 1998; 9: 13–19.

8. de Maat-Bleeker F, Bruijnzeel-Koomen C. Food allergy in adults with atopic dermatitis. Monographs in Allergy 1996; 32: 157–163.

9. Van Bever HP, Docx M, Stevens WJ. Food and food additives in severe atopic dermatitis. Allergy 1989; 44: 588–594.

10. Sampson HA, Scanlon SM. Natural history of food hypersensitivity in children with atopic dermatitis. Journal of Pediatrics 1989; 115: 23–27.

11. Savolainen J, Lammintausta K, Kalimo K, et al. Candida albicans and atopic dermatitis. Clinical & Experimental Allergy 1993; 23: 332–339.

12. Adachi A, Horikawa T, Ichihashi M, et al. [Role of Candida allergen in atopic dermatitis and efficacy of oral therapy with various antifungal agents.] Arerugi 1999 Jul; 48(7): 719–725.

13. Isolauri E, Arvola T, Sutas Y, et al. Probiotics in the management of atopic eczema. Clinical & Experimental Allergy 2000; 30: 1604–1610.

14. Majamaa H, Isolauri E. Probiotics: a novel approach in the management of food allergy. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 1997; 99: 179–185.

15. Rosenfeldt V, Benfeldt E, Nielsen SD, et al. Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus strains in children with atopic dermatitis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2003; 111: 389–395.

16. Osborn DA, Sinn JK. Probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007 Oct 17; 4:CD006475.

17. Stewart JCM, Morse PF, Moss M, et al. Treatment of severe and moderately severe atopic dermatitis with evening primrose oil (Epogam): a multi-center study. Journal of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine 1991; 2: 9–15.

18. Hederos CA, Berg A. Epogam evening primrose oil treatment in atopic dermatitis and asthma. Archives of Disease in Childhood 1996; 75: 494–497.

19. Fiocchi A, Sala M, Signoroni P, et al. The efficacy and safety of gamma-linolenic acid in the treatment of infantile atopic dermatitis. Journal of International Medical Research 1994; 22: 24–32.

20. Berth-Jones J, Graham-Brown RA. Placebo-controlled trial of essential fatty acid supplementation in atopic dermatitis. The Lancet 1993; 341: 1557–1560.

21. Takwale A, Tan E, Agarwal S, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of borage oil in adults and children with atopic eczema: randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel group trial. BMJ 2003; 327: 1385.

22. Soyland E, Funk J, Rajka G, et al. Dietary supplementation with very long-chain n-3 fatty acids in patients with atopic dermatitis. A double-blind, multicentre study. British Journal of Dermatology 1994; 130: 757–764.

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Food Allergy

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Gallstones

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38. Hanin I, Ansell GB. Lecithin: technological, biological, and therapeutic aspects. New York: Plenum Press, 1987.

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Glaucoma

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19. Quaranta L, Bettelli S, Uva MG, et al. Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on preexisting visual field damage in normal tension glaucoma. Ophthalmology 2003 Feb; 110(2): 359–362.

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Gout

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10. Lewis AS, Murphy L, McCalla C, et al. Inhibition of mammalian xanthine oxidase by folate compounds and amethopterin. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1984; 259: 12–15.

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Hair Loss in Women

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2. Azziz R, Sanchez LA, Knochenhauer ES, et al. Androgen excess in women: experience with over 1000 consecutive patients. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2004; 89: 453–462.

3. Price VH. Androgenetic alopecia in women. Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings 2003; 8: 24–27.

4. Birch MP, Lalla SC, Messenger AG. Female pattern hair loss. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 2002; 27: 383–388.

5. Giralt M, Cervello I, Nogues MR, et al. Glutathione, glutathione S-transferase and reactive oxygen species of human scalp sebaceous glands in male pattern baldness. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1996; 107: 154–158.

6. Legro RS, Carmina E, Stanczyk FZ, et al. Alterations in androgen conjugate levels in women and men with alopecia. Fertility and Sterility 1994; 62: 744–750.

7. Cela E, Robertson C, Rush K, et al. Prevalence of polycystic ovaries in women with androgenic alopecia. European Journal of Endocrinology 2003; 149: 439–442.

8. Matilainen V, Laakso M, Hirsso P, et al. Hair loss, insulin resistance, and heredity in middle-aged women. A population-based study. Journal of Cardiovascular Risk 2003; 10: 227–231.

9. Shum KW, Cullen DR, Messenger AG. Hair loss in women with hyperandrogenism: four cases responding to finasteride. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2002; 47: 733–739.

10. Kantor J, Kessler LJ, Brooks DG, et al. Decreased serum ferritin is associated with alopecia in women. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2003; 12: 985–988.

11. Moeinvaziri M, Mansoori P, Holakooee K, et al. Iron status in diffuse telogen hair loss among women. Acta Dermatovenerologica Croatica 2009; 17(4): 279–284.

12. Deloche C, Bastien P, Chadoutaud S, et al. Low iron stores: a risk factor for excessive hair loss in non-menopausal women. European Journal of Dermatology 2007 Nov–Dec; 17(6): 507–512.

13. Wickett RR, Kossmann E, Barel A, et al. Effect of oral intake of choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid on hair tensile strength and morphology in women with fine hair. Archives of Dermatological Research 2007 Dec; 299(10): 499–505.

14. Corazza GR, Andreani ML, Venturo N, et al. Celiac disease and alopecia areata: report of a new association. Gastroenterology 1995; 109: 1333–1337.

Hay Fever

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2. Sieber J, Shah-Hosseini K, Mösges R. Specific immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis to grass and tree pollens in daily medical practice—symptom load with sublingual immunotherapy compared to subcutaneous immunotherapy. Annals of Medicine 2011; 43(6): 418–424.

3. Egert S, Wolffram S, Bosy-Westphal A, et al. Daily quercetin supplementation dose-dependently increases plasma quercetin concentrations in healthy humans. Journal of Nutrition 2008 Sep; 138(9): 1615–1621.

4. Jin F, Nieman DC, Shanely RA, et al. The variable plasma quercetin response to 12-week quercetin supplementation in humans. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2010 Jul; 64(7): 692–697.

5. Kawai M, Hirano T, Arimitsu J, et al. Effect of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin, a flavonoid, on symptoms of Japanese cedar pollinosis: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 2009; 149(4): 359–368.

6. Hirano T, Kawai M, Arimitsu J, et al. Preventative effect of a flavonoid, enzymatically modified isoquercitrin on ocular symptoms of Japanese cedar pollinosis. Allergology International 2009 Sep; 58(3): 373–382.

7. Kishi K, Saito M, Saito T, et al. Clinical efficacy of apple polyphenol for treating cedar pollinosis. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biodiversity 2005 Apr; 69(4): 829–832.

8. Enomoto T, Nagasako-Akazome Y, Kanda T, et al. Clinical effects of apple polyphenols on persistent allergic rhinitis: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel arm study. Journal of Investigative Allergology and Clinical Immunology 2006; 16(5): 283–289.

Headache, Nonmigraine Tension Type

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2. Hurwitz EL, PD Aker, AH Adams, et al. Manipulation and mobilization of the cervical spine. A systematic review of literature. Spine 1996; 21: 1746–1760.

3. Haas M, Bronfort G, Evans RL. Chiropractic clinical research: progress and recommendations. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 2006; 29(9): 695–706.

4. Biondi DM. Physical treatments for headache: a structured review. Headache 2005; 45(6): 738–746.

5. Lenssinck ML, Damen L, Verhagen AP, et al. The effectiveness of physiotherapy and manipulation in patients with tension-type headache: a systematic review. Pain 2004; 112(3): 381–388.

6. Larsson B and Carlsson J. A school-based, nurse-administered relaxation training for children with chronic tension-type headache. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 1996; 21: 603–614.

7. Larsson B, Carlsson J, Fichtel A, Melin L. Relaxation treatment of adolescent headache sufferers: results from a school-based replication series. Headache 2005; 45(6): 692–704.

8. Grazzi L, Andrasik F, Usai S, Bussone G. Magnesium as a preventive treatment for paediatric episodic tension-type headache: results at 1-year follow-up. Neurological Sciences 2007 Jun; 28(3): 148–150.

9. Grazzi L, Andrasik F, Usai S, Bussone G. Magnesium as a treatment for paediatric tension-type headache: a clinical replication series. Neurological Sciences 2005 Feb; 25(6): 338–341.

Heart Arrhythmias

1. Onalan O, Crystal E, Daoulah A, et al. Meta-analysis of magnesium therapy for the acute management of rapid atrial fibrillation. American Journal of Cardiology 2007 Jun 15; 99(12): 1726–1732.

2. Ho KM, Sheridan DJ, Paterson T. Use of intravenous magnesium to treat acute onset atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis. Heart 2007 Nov; 93(11): 1433–1440.

3. McLean RM. Magnesium and its therapeutic uses: a review. The American Journal of Medicine 1994; 96: 63–76.

4. Brodsky MA, Orlov MV, Capparelli EV, et al. Magnesium therapy in new-onset atrial fibrillation. American Journal of Cardiology 1994 Jun 15; 73(16): 1227–1229.

Hemorrhoids

1. Trowell H, Burkitt D, Heaton K. Dietary fibre, fibre-depleted foods and disease. London: Academic Press, 1985.

2. Moesgaard F, Nielsen ML, Hansen JB, Knudsen JT. High-fiber diet reduces bleeding and pain in patients with hemorrhoids. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 1982; 25: 454–456.

3. Alonso-Coello P, Mills E, Heels-Ansdell D, López-Yarto M. Fiber for the treatment of hemorrhoids complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2006 Jan; 101(1): 181–188.

4. Annoni F, Boccasanta P, Chiurazzi D, et al. [Treatment of acute symptoms of hemorrhoid disease with high dose oral O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides.] Minerva Medica 1986; 77: 1663–1668.

5. Wijayanegara H, Mose JC, Achmad L, et al. A clinical trial of hydroxyethylrutosides in the treatment of haemorrhoids of pregnancy. Journal of International Medical Research 1992; 20: 54–60.

6. Bennani A, Biadillah MC, Cherkaoui A, Sebti M. Acute attack of hemorrhoids: efficacy of Cyclo 3 Fort based on results in 124 cases reported by specialists. Phlebologie 1999; 52: 89–93.

Hepatitis

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2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Recommendations and Reports 1999; 48: 1–37.

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5. Cathcart RF. The third face of vitamin C. Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine 1993; 7: 197–200.

6. Cathcart RF. The method of determining proper doses of vitamin C for the treatment of disease by titrating to bowel tolerance. Journal of Orthomolecular Psychiatry 1981; 10: 125–132.

7. Klenner FR. Observations on the dose of administration of ascorbic acid when employed beyond the range of a vitamin in human pathology. Journal of Applied Nutrition 1971; 23: 61–88.

8. Baetgen D. [Results of treatment of epidemic hepatitis in childhood with high doses of ascorbic acid in the years 1957–1958.] Medizinische Monatsschrift 1961; 15: 30–36.

9. Baur H, Staub H. Treatment of hepatitis with infusions of ascorbic acid: comparison with other therapies. JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association 1954; 156: 565.

10. Murata A. Virucidal activity of vitamin C: vitamin C for prevention and treatment of viral diseases. In Proceedings of the First Intersectional Congress of the International Association of the Microbiological Society, vol. 3, ed. Hasegawa T. Tokyo: Tokyo University Press, 1975, 432–442.

11. Czuczejko J, Zachara BA, Staubach-Topczewska E, et al. Selenium, glutathione and glutathione peroxidases in blood of patients with chronic liver diseases. Acta Biochimica Polonica 2003; 50: 1147–1154.

12. Irmak MB, Ince G, Ozturk M, et al. Acquired tolerance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to selenium deficiency: a selective survival mechanism? Cancer Research 2003; 63: 6707–6715.

13. Jain SK, Pemberton PW, Smith A, et al. Oxidative stress in chronic hepatitis C: not just a feature of late stage disease. Journal of Hepatology 2002; 36: 805–811.

14. Evans JL, Goldfine ID. Alpha-lipoic acid: a multifunctional antioxidant that improves insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 2000; 2: 401–413.

15. Bustamante J, Lodge JK, Marcocci L, et al. Alpha-lipoic acid in liver metabolism and disease. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 1998; 24: 1023–1039.

16. Berkson BM. A conservative triple antioxidant approach to the treatment of hepatitis C. Combination of alpha lipoic acid (thioctic acid), silymarin, and selenium: three case histories. Medizinische Klinik (Munich) 1999; 94 suppl 3: 84–89.

17. Gal-Tanamy M, Bachmetov L, Ravid A, et al. Vitamin D: an innate antiviral agent suppressing hepatitis C virus in human hepatocytes. Hepatology 2011 Nov; 54(5): 1570–1579.

18. Bitetto D, Fabris C, Fornasiere E, et al. Vitamin D supplementation improves response to antiviral treatment for recurrent hepatitis C. Transplant International 2011 Jan; 24(1): 43–50.

19. Lange CM, Bojunga J, Ramos-Lopez E, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and a CYP27B1–1260 promoter polymorphism are associated with chronic hepatitis C and poor response to interferon-alfa based therapy. Journal of Hepatology 2011 May; 54(5): 887–893.

20. Arteh J, Narra S, Nair S. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in chronic liver disease. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2010 Sep; 55(9): 2624–2628.

21. Milne A, Hopkirk N, Lucas CR, et al. Failure of New Zealand hepatitis B carriers to respond to Phyllanthus amarus. New Zealand Medical Journal 1994; 107: 243.

22. Suzuki H, Ohta Y, Takino T, et al. Effects of glycyrrhizin on biochemical tests in patients with chronic hepatitis—double blind trial. Asian Medical Journal 1984; 26: 423–438.

23. Mori K, Sakai H, Suzuki S, et al. Effects of glycyrrhizin (SNMC. Stronger Neo-Minophagen C) in hemophilia patients with HIV-1 infection. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 1990; 162: 183–193.

24. Eisenburg J. [Treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Part 2. Effect of glycyrrhizic acid on the course of illness.] Fortschritte der Medizin 1992; 110: 395–398.

25. Acharya SK, Dasarathy S, Tandon A, et al. A preliminary open trial on interferon stimulator (SNMC) derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra in the treatment of subacute hepatic failure. Indian Journal of Medical Research 1993; 98: 69–74.

26. Arase Y, Ikeda K, Murashima N, et al. The long term efficacy of glycyrrhizin in chronic hepatitis C patients. Cancer 1997; 79: 1494–1500.

27. Farese RV Jr, Biglieri EG, Shackleton CH, et al. Licorice-induced hypermineralocorticoidism. The New England Journal of Medicine 1991; 325: 1223–1227.

28. Deak G, Muzes G, Lang I, et al. [Immunomodulator effect of silymarin therapy in chronic alcoholic liver diseases.] Orvosi Hetilap 1990; 131: 1291–1292,1295–1296.

29. Magliulo E, Gagliardi B, Fiori GP. [Results of a double blind study on the effect of silymarin in the treatment of acute viral hepatitis, carried out at two medical centres.] Med Klin 1978; 73: 1060–1065.

30. Schandalik R, Gatti G, Perucca E. Pharmacokinetics of silybin in bile following administration of silipide and silymarin in cholecystectomy patients. Arzneimittelforschung 1992; 42: 964–968.

31. Barzaghi N, Crema F, Gatti G, et al. Pharmacokinetic studies on IdB 1016, a silybin-phosphatidylcholine complex, in healthy human subjects. European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics 1990; 15: 333–338.

32. Vailati A, Aristia L, Sozze E, et al. Randomized open study of the dose-effect relationship of a short course of IdB 1016 in patients with viral or alcoholic hepatitis. Fitoterapia 1993; 44: 219–228.

33. Moscarella S, Giusti A, Marra F, et al. Therapeutic and antilipoperoxidant effects of silybin-phosphatidylcholine complex in chronic liver disease: preliminary results. Current Therapeutic Research 1993; 53: 98–102.

34. Buzzelli G, Moscarella S, Giusti A, et al. A pilot study on the liver protective effect of silybin-phosphatidylcholine complex (IdB 1016) in chronic active hepatitis. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Therapy and Toxicology 1993; 31: 456–460.

35. Marena C, Lampertico M. Preliminary clinical development of silipide: a new complex of silybin in toxic liver disorders. Planta Medica 1991; 57 suppl 2: A124–A125.

Herpes

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2. Lafferty WE. The changing epidemiology of HSV-1 and HSV-2 and implications for serological testing. Herpes 2002; 9: 51–55.

3. Roberts CM, Pfister JR, Spear SJ. Increasing proportion of herpes simplex virus type 1 as a cause of genital herpes infection in college students. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2003; 30: 797–800.

4. Fitzherbert J. Genital herpes and zinc. The Medical Journal of Australia 1979; 1: 399.

5. Brody I. Topical treatment of recurrent herpes simplex and post-herpetic erythema multiforme with low concentrations of zinc sulphate solution. British Journal of Dermatology 1981; 104: 191–213.

6. Hovi T, Hirvimies A, Stenvik M, et al. Topical treatment of recurrent mucocutaneous herpes with ascorbic acid-containing solution. Antiviral Research 1995; 27: 263–270.

7. The use of water-soluble bioflavinoid-ascorbic acid complex in the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 1978 Jan; 45(1): 56–62.

8. Cathcart RF. Vitamin C in the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Medical Hypotheses 1984; 14: 423–433.

9. Griffith R, DeLong DC, Nelson JD. Relation of arginine-lysine antagonism to herpes simplex growth in tissue culture. Chemotherapy 1981; 27: 209–213.

10. DiGiovanna JJ, Blank H. Failure of lysine in frequently recurrent herpes simplex infection. Archives of Dermatology 1984; 120: 48–51.

11. Griffith R, Norins A, Kagan C. A multicentered study of lysine therapy in herpes simplex infection. Dermatologica 1978; 156: 257–267.

12. McCune MA, Perry HO, Muller SA. Treatment of recurrent herpes simplex infections with L-lysine monohydrochlorite. Cutis 1984; 34: 366–373.

13. Griffith RS, Walsh DE, Myrmel KH, et al. Success of L-lysine therapy in frequently recurrent herpes simplex infection. Dermatologica 1987; 175: 183–190.

14. Gaby, A. Natural remedies for herpes simplex. Alternative Medicine Review 2006 Jun; 11(2): 93–101.

15. Wolbling RH, Leonhardt K. Local therapy of herpes simplex with dried extract from Melissa officinalis. Phytomedicine 1994; 1: 25–31.

16. Koytchev R, Alken RG, Dundarov S. Balm mint extract (Lo-701) for topical treatment of recurring herpes labialis. Phytomedicine 1999; 6: 225–230.

17. Nolkemper S, Reichling J, Stintzing FC, et al. Antiviral effect of aqueous extracts from species of the Lamiaceae family against Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in vitro. Planta Medica 2006 Dec; 72(15): 1378–1382.

18. Pompei R, Pani A, Flore O, et al. Antiviral activity of glycyrrhizic acid. Experientia 1980; 36: 304.

19. Partridge M, Poswillo D. Topical carbenoxolone sodium in the management of herpes simplex infection. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 1984; 22: 138–145.

20. Csonka G, Tyrrell D. Treatment of herpes genitalis with carbenoxolone and cicloxolone creams: a double blind placebo controlled trial. The British Journal of Venereal Diseases 1984; 60: 178–181.

21. Ikeda T, Yokomizo K, Okawa M, et al. Anti-herpes virus type 1 activity of oleanane-type tripterpenoids. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2005 Sep; 28(9): 1779–1781.