Abganerovo, 33, 38, 42, 45, 48, 74
Abrusovka, 276
Acktuba, 307
Adam, Col. Wilhelm, 367–368, 372, 376–377, 396, 434
Ademeit, Lt. Gottfried, 51
Adenauer, Konrad, 435–437
A Farewell to Arms (Hemingway), 15
Africa, see North Africa
Air Corps, German Eighth, 193
aircraft: bomber, 32, 40, 42, 44, 58, 60, 70, 91, 93, 134, 245; British, 88; German lost at Stalingrad, 303, 339; fighter, 346; reconnaissance, 53, 167; Russian, 136–137, 139, 162, 233; transport, 237, 297, 299, 351, 355, 399. See also He-111; Ju-52; Ju-88; Stuka
Air Fleet, German Fourth, 131
Air Force, Soviet Eighth, 54
airlift: German, 193, 199, 206–207, 213, 216, 217, 221–222, 229, 233, 237, 246, 247, 254, 302–303, 330, 336, 345; Russian, 162
air raids: Allied, 153; German, 32, 33, 57–60, 65–67. See also air strikes
air-raid shelters, 59, 60, 365
air strikes, tactical: German, 93; Russian, 77, 130–131
Aksai River, 213, 234, 243, 293
Albania, 15
Algeria, Allied landings in, 153
Alt, Capt., 341
Alter, Wilhelm, 115–116, 360, 405
ambushes: German, 40, 43, 264, 320; Russian, 44, 133
ammunition, German: brought into Stalingrad, 125–126; rationing of, 224; stockpiles, 164, 274; supplies exhausted, 240, 339, 355
Anderson, Lale, 295
antiaircraft guns: German, 64; Soviet, 57–58, 233, 303
anti-Semitism, 10–11, 336, 398
antitank defenses, 9, 38, 45, 86; ditches, xv, 33, 54, 60. See also artillery, antitank
Antonescu, Marshal Ion, 213
Anzio, landing at, 401
artillery: antitank, 49, 137, 188, 194, 224, 240; German, 73, 79, 94, 101, 123, 125, 133, 335; Russian, 36, 39, 46, 104, 112, 151, 171–172, 306, 315; surrendered to Germans, 75. See also mortars
Asia, Russian expansion into, 29
atrocities: German, 43, 143, 321, 436; Russian, 282, 321, 362
Austria, 151; troops, 224, 226, 334
autopsy, 318–319
Babi Yar, 436
Baden-Baden, 401
Bad Gotesburg, 396
Baku, 78
Balkan States, 13
Banco Nazionale del Lavore, 397
Barmantsak, Lake, 187
Barrikady Gun Factory, 36, 99, 123, 125, 135, 155, 156, 162, 208, 261, 270, 399, 400; battle for, 137, 138–142, 144, 150, 151, 186, 225–226, 242
Batov, Gen., 368
Batum, 78
Batyuk, Col. Nikolai, 103, 120, 127, 168, 396
Beaulieu, Col., 372
Beer Hall Putsch, 153
Behr, Capt. Winrich, 175, 176, 182, 185, 186, 299, 335–336, 340, 344–345, 356, 382, 396, 405
Beketovka, 67, 80, 149, 151, 171, 187, 241, 378, 390
Below, Col. Gunter von 100–101, 114–115, 329–330, 367, 396, 405
Below, Col. Nikolaus von, 100, 229, 335–336, 382, 396
Berlin, 118, 121, 398, 401, 402; airlift, 394
Bezditko, Lt. Ivan, 168
Big Saturn offensive, 229, 301
Billert, Oberleutnant, 353
Binder, Karl, 112, 142, 184, 189–190, 220–221, 288–289, 313–314, 333–334, 359–360, 387, 388–389, 396–397, 405
“Black Crows,” 11
Bock, Gen. Fedor von, 8, 18, 19
Boguchar, 282
Bolshevik Revolution, 29–30, 58–59, 83, 152
bombing, see air raids; Stuka aircraft
Boris, Oberleutnant, 339
Bracci, Lt. Felice, 15, 262, 275–276, 281, 304–306, 327, 328, 390, 397, 405
Branco (Italian prisoner), 327
Brandt, Pvt. Willi, 133
Breining, Lt. Friedrich, 115, 166, 209, 405
Brezhnev, Leonid, 404
bridges, see Don River; Kalach
British Army, Eighth, 153
British Expeditionary Force, 4
Brunnert, Pvt. Ekkehart, 164–165, 239, 268–269, 288, 322–324, 397, 405
Brunnert, Irene, 288
Bund Deutsche Offiziere, 396
Bundeswehr, 401
Byelorussia, 106
Capone, Dr. Cristoforo, 15–16, 257–258, 259, 276–277, 329, 362, 390, 392–393, 397, 405
casualties, xiv-xv; in air raids, 65–67; civilian, 61; German, 92, 111, 114, 131, 132, 145, 155, 157, 205, 229, 260, 280, 293, 309, 335, 344, 359; Italian, 259; among prisoners, 388, 389, 390; Rumanian, 201–202, 213; Russian, 40, 68, 82, 101, 105, 110, 120, 125, 135, 136, 150, 157, 171, 241, 285, 368
Catherine the Great, 29
Caucasus Mountains, 15, 19, 29, 44, 85, 86, 152, 183, 203, 214, 229, 266, 310; German headquarters in, 79; oil fields, objective in German offensive, 24, 78, 118, 119
cavalry, see horses
cemeteries, military, 6, 114, 314
censors, military, 311, 312–313, 361, 386–387
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 398
Changar, Capt. Ignacy, 143–145, 324–325, 387, 397, 405
Chekhov, Anatoli, 145
Chemist’s Shop, battle for, 155, 156
Chemnitz, 225
Chernova, Tania, 106–107, 122–123, 145–146, 235–236, 386, 397, 405
Chiang Kai-shek, 83
Chileko, 33
China, 83
Chir, 164, 165, 167, 190, 196, 198
cholera, 29
Christiakov, Gen., 183
Christmas Eve, battlefield observances of, 283, 284, 286–290, 295
Chuikov, Valentina, 124
Chuikov, Gen. Vassili Ivanovich, xii, 83–85, 86–88, 159–160, 176, 218, 220, 243, 316; headquarters, 93–94, 99, 124, 126, 136, 150, 167–168, 204, 284, 368, 378–379, 386; intelligence organization, 132; orders given by, 96, 134–135; postwar career, 397–398; reinforcements requested, 136, 151; tactics adopted by 89–91, 234–235
Chungking, 83
CIA, 398
Circassians, 78
Clausius, Col., 354
clothing supplies, 164, 268, 352
Cologne, xiii
Combat Groups, German: Engelke, 139; Fretter-Pico, 346; Hollidt, 228, 346; Hunersdorff, 240, 242–243; Krumpen, 63; Mieth, 346; Stahel, 346
commandos, Russian, 133; 134, 324, 387, 397
Commissar’s House, battle for, 155, 156–157, 225
Communist party: members, 42, 83; Paulus and, 401; political agitators, 125, 172, 324, 393; Stalingrad Central Committee, 60. See also anti-Communism
concentration camps, German, 436
counterintelligence, 91–92, 97
Crete, 210
Croatians, regiment of, 220
Crome, Col., 371
Danilov (political agitator), 129
Danzig, 50
Dar Gova, 33, 54, 59, 97, 170, 285, 378, 385
Das Reich, 161
defectors: German, 367–368; Rumanian, 185; Russian Army, 165–166, 235, 268, 273; Russian civilian, 398
de Gaulle, Charles, xv
Deifel, Cpl. Franz, 167, 226–227, 348–349, 406
Demyansk, 311
Denikin, Gen. Anton, 20
Denisova (militiawoman), 59
Deriabin, Lt. Pyotr, 103, 104, 120–121, 135, 379–380, 398, 405
deserters: execution of, 43, 104, 125, 307, 380; German, 336; Russian, xv, 5, 48, 71, 108, 149, 380
Detrunina, Nina, 66
Dietzel, Lt. Gerhard, 197
Dingler, Oberst, 353
disease, 29, 364–365, 369, 389–390
dive-bombers, see Stuka aircraft
Dnieper River, 55
dogs, 79, 282; used as food, 238–239, 309
Dolgy Ravine, 104
“Dom Pavlov (Pavlov’s House),” battle for, 137, 146
Don-Chir Front, 214
Don River, 3, 13, 15, 19, 28, 39, 183, 213; crossed by Germans, 48–49, 53, 75, 114, 118; in defense of Stalingrad, 25, 26, 73; German headquarters on, 111; positions on, 193; pontoon bridges over, 47, 55, 159; Russian positions on, 158. See also Kalach
Donskaya-Tsaritsa River, 257
Dragan, Lt. Anton Kuzmich, 96, 100, 102, 103, 107–109, 398
Drebber, Gen., 367–368
Dumitrescu, Gen., 150
Dunkirk, evacuation at, 4, 7, 118
Dylo, Lev, 56
Dzerhezinsky, Felix, 124
Dzerhezinsky Tractor Works, 36–37, 53, 68, 127, 234, 285; evacuation of workers, 123–124; German attack on, 134; return of workers, 385, 390
East Germany, 394, 396, 401, 403
East Prussia, Nazi headquarters in, 71, 150, 199, 206, 245, 253, 271, 303, 310, 340, 356, 381
Egypt, 153
Eden, Anthony, 118
Eichlepp (aide to Paulus), 299, 345
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 398, 400
Eismann, Maj., 246–247, 248–249, 253, 273
Elininski, 121
Engineer Training School, Russian, 195
English Channel, proposed Allied invasion across, 20, 48n
entertainment of troops, 307–308
espionage, Russian, 23–24, 91–92, 158, 229, 398, 402, 422–423. See also intelligence
factory district, battle for, 110, 111, 123, 126, 130, 134–135, 138–142, 144–146, 150, 151, 155, 163
famine, see starvation
Far East Fleet, Soviet, 68, 121
Fasanotti (Italian prisoner), 327
Fiebig, Lt. Gen. Martin, 193, 216, 217, 229–230, 237, 280–281, 300, 351
field hospitals: German, 6, 63–64, 131, 229, 257, 304, 323, 370–371; Russian, 72
Fillipov, Lt. Col. Grigor, 194–195, 197
Fillipov, Sacha, 97, 170–171, 285–286, 385
Finland, Soviet attack on, 42, 83
food supply: failures, 238–239, 295, 297, 350, 360; German, 164, 184, 197, 220–221, 253, 278, 318, 334, 359–360; for prisoners, 328, 378, 392–393; rations cut, 220, 226, 233, 274, 298; Russian, 38, 124, 168, 171, 220, 265, 307
France, 20, 213, 329; occupation of, 7, 138, 193, 210, 215
Frankfurt on the Main, 7, 347, 393–394, 400
Frankfurt on the Oder, 394
frostbite, 275, 294, 305, 352, 357, 363
Frunze Military Academy, 83
fuel, shortage of, 20, 196, 242, 247, 249, 258–259, 267, 268, 278–279, 297–298
Furth, 114
Gavrilovka, 75
Gebhardt, Capt., 340–341
Gehlen, Col. Reinhard, 182
Gehres, Emil, 115–116
Georgia, 120
German Army, xv, 18, 243–244; Army Group A, 8, 19, 78, 79, 85, 203, 212, 214, 291, 310, 400; Army Group B, 8, 18, 19, 75, 111–112, 137, 191, 198–199, 201, 212; Army Group Don, 211, 228, 249, 250, 253, 266, 272, 274, 300, 320, 330, 338, 339, 346, 355–356, 384, 387
ARMIES: First Panzer, 8, 78, 310; Fourth Panzer, 8, 18, 19–21, 26, 41–42, 47, 79, 83, 132, 149, 190, 197, 370; Sixth, see entries under Sixth Army
CORPS: Eighth, 13, 370; Eleventh, 211, 370, 373–374; Fourteenth, 365, 369, 370; Seventeenth, 78, 310; Forty-eighth Panzer, 158–159, 172, 175, 183, 186, 188, 200–201, 399; Fifty-first, 354, 370; Fifty-seventh Armored, 251, 254, 274
DIVISIONS: Third, 343; Third Motorized, 50, 63, 73, 308, 334, 365; Sixth Panzer, 213–214, 229, 231, 236, 237, 241, 247, 250, 252, 253, 255, 257, 258, 260, 266, 274, 275, 278; Ninth Flak, 132, 337; Fourteenth Panzer, 102, 132, 210, 224; Sixteenth Armored, 294; Sixteenth Motorized, 114, 214, 228; Sixteenth Panzer, 13, 47, 49–52, 62, 73, 172, 173, 186, 193, 218, 292, 307; Seventeenth Panzer, 214, 228, 250; Twenty-second, 159, 188; Twenty-third Panzer, 214, 229, 243; Twenty-fourth Panzer, 190, 219, 308; Twenty-ninth Motorized, 75, 79, 132, 190, 219–220, 308, 334, 343, 365; Forty-fourth, 151, 218, 224, 343; Sixtieth Motorized, 50, 63, 73, 130–131, 219, 227, 294, 308, 343; Seventy-first, 46, 87, 92, 100, 107, 110, 220, 366, 367; Seventy-sixth, 114, 218, 334, 335, 343; Seventy-ninth, 220; Ninety-fourth, 116, 133, 204–205, 317; One Hundredth, 140, 220; One Hundred Thirteenth Infantry, 219, 225, 334, 343; One Hundred Ninety-fourth Infantry, 89; Two Hundred Eighty-ninth Infantry, 134; Two Hundred Ninety-fifth, 13, 87, 93, 100; Two Hundred Ninety-seventh, 220, 223, 279, 308, 309, 334, 343, 367; Three Hundred Fifth, 138, 220, 221, 284, 334; Three Hundred Thirty-sixth, 154–155, 163; Three Hundred Seventy-first, 220, 308; Three Hundred Seventy-sixth, 147, 334; Three Hundred Eighty-fourth, 219, 334, 343; Three Hundred Eighty-ninth, 220; Grossdeutschland Panzer, 20. See also Combat Groups; German High Command; Hoth; Operation Blue; Operation Thunderclap; Operation Winter Storm; Paulus; street fighting; supply lines
German Cross, 339
German Democratic Republic, see East Germany
German High Command (OKW), 4, 9, 12, 14, 75, 158, 192, 209, 211, 216, 229, 245, 274, 388, 400; Russian spies within, 24, 402
German Propaganda Company, 195
Germany: Third Reich, xvi, 152, 373, 396; Weimar Republic, 212. See also East Germany; West Germany
Gestapo, see secret police
Gibraltar, 153
Giebeler, Wilhelm, 154, 162–163, 405
Gilmore, Eddy, 336
Ginderling, Capt., 92
Giordano (Italian prisoner), 327
Goebbels, Joseph, 100, 161, 295–296, 361, 367, 384–385
Goering, Hermann, 132, 193, 199, 206, 304, 373–374
Gogol Street, 58
Goldstein, Mikhail, 307–308, 398
Golikov, Gen. F. I., 81
Golubinka, German command center at, 49, 51, 99–100, 111, 113, 137, 148, 175, 181, 184, 186, 190
Gordov, Gen. A. V., 32, 34, 48, 117
Gorki Theater, 35, 110, 368, 375
Gorodische, 304
Gorokhov, Col. Semyon, 67–68
Goslar, 399
grain elevator, 142; battle for, 101–102
guerrilla fighters, 143–145. See also commandos; partisans
Gurewicz, Lt. Hersch, 42–45, 142–143, 171, 187, 222–223, 386–387, 398, 405
Gumrak Airfield, 115, 190, 197, 203, 308, 334, 346, 347; command post at, 198, 200, 234, 246, 293, 299, 325, 330; hospital at, 323, 333, 349; radio transmitter at, 346; teleprinter at, 248, 249, 300
Gurtiev, Col. L. N., 135, 136, 150
Haifa, xiii
Halder, Gen. Franz, 17–18, 19, 20–21, 79, 271, 398–399; fired by Hitler, 111
Halle, Cpl. Werner, 79–80
hand-to-hand fighting, 92, 150
Hannover, 404
Harriman, W. Averell, 48n, 405, 422
Hartmann, Gen. von, 366–367
Hauswald, Lina, 339
He-111 aircraft, 221–222, 229, 299
Heim, Lt. Gen. Ferdinand, 158, 183, 185, 186, 188, 190, 200, 399
Heitz, Gen. Walther, 13, 350, 371
Hemingway, Ernest, 15
Hero of the Soviet Union, decoration as, 94, 386, 400, 401, 402, 404
Heusinger, Gen. Adolf, 207, 232, 344, 403, 405
Hilfsfreiwilliger (Hiwis), see defectors, Russian Army
Himmler, Heinrich, 11
Hindenburg, Chancellor Paul Von, 13
Hitler, Adolf: aides to, 100, 206–207, 232, 299, 303, 304, 344, 345, 400; at anniversary of Third Reich, 153–154; at apogee of power, 82; attitude of commanders toward, 9, 245, 371; attitude of troops toward, 209, 225, 244, 312, 340, 341–342, 361; blunders in strategy, 19–20, 271–272; “Christmas Drive,” 244; destructive alliance with apolitical generals, 377; display of charm and self-control, 344–345; displays of temper, 78–79, 205, 423; fascination with enemy plans, 153; military conferences, 17–18, 78–79, 85, 232–233; military decisions, 8–9, 15, 19–20, 24, 78, 162, 183, 192–193, 199, 205–206, 207–208, 215, 217, 245, 246, 255, 333; military units shifted, 228; myth of invincibility, xvi, 4, 10; New Year’s message, 308; plans to overthrow, 17, 399, 402; reaction to surrender of Sixth Army, 381–382; refusal to permit retreat from Stalingrad, 246, 280; refusal to permit surrender, 330, 362; response to messengers from Sixth Army, 344–345, 356–357; retreat of First Panzer Army authorized, 310; reverses at Stalingrad acknowledged, 227; self-isolation, 79, 110–111, 118–119, 153; Stalingrad battle as contest of ego with Stalin, 157; tendency to underrate enemy, 18, 19, 21, 154, 182; thesis of racial supremacy, 10. See also Mainstein; Paulus
Holland, Capt., 64
horses, in Germany Sixth Army, 6, 116, 166, 201, 251, 273, 360; slaughtered for food, 221, 253, 299, 350
Horvath, Pvt. Michael, 388
Hoth, Gen. Hermann, 74, 75, 132, 320; advance of First Panzer Army on Stalingrad, 42; attempted pincer movement, 47–48, 76; drive to Volga, 79; forces split, 192, 196; regroupment attempted, 197; relief force to resupply Sixth Army, 246, 247, 252–253, 260, 268, 277, 290, 293, 294; withdrawal of armored division from, 291, 310
House of Specialists, capture of, 91
house-to-house fighting, 154–157, 225–227, 316–317, 361, 364; anticipated by Soviet command, 33
Hube, Gen. Hans, 13, 47, 63, 65, 67, 73, 329–330, 354, 382
“human-wave” tactics, 77
Humbert, Lt. Philip, 379
Hunersdorff, Col., 231, 240, 266
Hungarian Army, xiv, 8, 13, 14, 346
Hurricane aircraft, 88
ice packs, effect on battle, 151, 159, 160, 162, 168, 220, 243
Idar-Oberstein, 399
Ilyin, Col. Pyotr, 45–46, 75–76
industrial revolution, 29
infantry: German, 13, 89, 90, 138, 148, 253, 274, 322, 354; Russian, 4, 34, 77, 82. See also entries under German Army
Infantry Assault Badge, 130
intelligence, military: German, 8–9, 17, 20, 42, 114, 127, 147–148, 149, 150, 175, 182, 246, 292, 422; Russian, 74, 97, 132–133, 150–151, 158, 170–171, 422–423
Iron Cross, Knighthood of, 7, 13
Isonzo River, 15
Italian Army, xiv, 13, 150, 229, 232, 233, 245, 247, 275; Alpini, 14, 15, 391; Bersaglieri, 14, 262–264; Eighth, 14, 258, 259, 269, 275, 300, 304; Julia, 14; Torino, 14, 16; troops taken prisoner, 397
Ivan the Terrible, 22
Jaenecke, Gen. Erwin, 134, 354
Jeschonnek, Albert, 132, 154, 193, 199, 206, 217, 245
Jews, extermination of, 11–12, 15. See also anti-Semitism
Jodl, Gen. Albert, 79, 110, 232, 344
Ju-52 aircraft, 118, 216, 221, 229, 280, 355, 358
Kalach, 32, 46, 88, 175, 191, 194, 249, 254, 347; bridge at, 40, 45, 75–76, 114, 190, 192, 193, 195–196, 197–198, 202; German garrison at, 195
Kalmikoff, 262, 263, 264, 275, 328
Kamenka, 254
Kamyshin, 104
Karinhall estate, 206
Karl Marx Gardens, 60–61
Karlsruhe, 403
Karmanov, Genn, 58, 97–98, 386
Karmanova, Katrina, 58–59, 97–98, 385–386
Karpovka River, 334
Kasternoye, 346
Kästle, Lt. Hermann, 185, 322, 405
Kazakhs, attack on Red Army troops, 321
Keitel, Field Marshal Wilhelm, 9, 345, 381, 399
“Kessel, Der (The Cauldron),” 203, 204, 212–255 passim, 292, 296, 297, 303, 306, 308, 330, 332, 335
Kharkov, 113, 164, 167, 436; German victory at, 12, 13, 68; refugees from, 34
Khoyzyanov, Lt. Andrei, 101, 102
Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeeyvich, 231, 399, 400, 404, 437; orders given by, 82; rivalry with Malenkov, 68; and Stalin, 80–81; visit to battlefield, 172; and Yeremenko, 48, 54–55, 61, 83, 85, 172, 302
Kletskaya, 14, 147, 149, 159, 161, 167, 179, 181, 184, 188, 201, 214
Klotz, Lt. Heinrich, 130–131, 319–320, 405
Kohler, Dr. Ottmar, 50–51, 63–65, 131, 227, 318–319, 370, 399, 405
Kolia (Russian child spy), 91–92
Komsomol, 66
Komsomolskaya Street, 61; battle for, 103, 109
Korfes, Gen. Otto, 366, 371, 379
Kornilov, Natasha, 98–99, 170, 317
Korshunov, Gen., 55
Kosygin, Alexei, 404
Kotelnikovo, 26, 213, 216, 229, 231; German capture of, 21, 33; recaptured by Russians, 320
Kotluban, 388
Kovalova, Olga, 69
Krasnoarmeysk, 79
Krasnodar, 44
Krasnofimsk, 103
Krasnopeterskaya Street, 103, 108
Krasny Zastava factory, 59
Kreiser, Lt. Wilhelm, 140–141, 209–210, 235, 399, 405
Krinovaya prison camp, 391, 392
Krugliakov, 33
Krupennikov, Maj. Gen. I. P., 264–266
Krupennikov, Yuri, 265
Krutoy Gully, 34, 36, 119, 120
Krylov, Gen. N. I., 87, 126, 316, 379, 399–400
Kulikov, Nikolai, 128, 129–130
Kunowski, Col. von, 298
Kuzmichi, 63
labor camps, 165
Langkeit, Oberleutnant, 353
Lascar, Gen. Mihail, 201
Lazur Chemical Plant, 36, 104, 120, 121, 175
Leipzig, 199
Lelyushenko, Gen., 265
Lenin, V. I., 22
Leningrad, 18, 20, 29, 34, 70–72
Libya, 15
lice, 171, 188, 287, 304, 309, 312, 349, 364, 371
Likovitsa, 398
Linden, Maj. Joseph, 46, 155, 242, 303, 405
List, Field Marshal Sigmund Wilhelm, 8, 78
Little Saturn offensive, 228, 301
livestock, 32, 116, 186, 189, 190, 318; kept as pets, 49, 51, 318. See also horses
Loebbecke, Lt. Eberhard von, 193–194, 405
London, Jack, 35
Lopatin, Gen. A. I., 81, 82–83
Lubeck, 402
“Lucy” (Rudolph Rossler), 23, 24, 158, 228, 402, 422
Ludwig, Col. Gunter, 375–376
Luftwaffe, 33, 91, 183, 238; airfields, 47; drops by, 65, 222; losses at Stalingrad, 302–303, 339, 434; officers, xiii, 61, 148, 154, 206, 229, 347; Paulus and, 131–132, 148–149, 154, 163, 222, 229–230, 237, 254, 350–351; plea for intervention rejected by, 349. See also airlift; air raids
Lugansk, 3
Lutschinski, 221
Lyudnikov, Col. Ivan Ilyich, 150, 157, 159–160, 162, 186, 284, 400
Maginot Line, 215
Magnitogorsk, 121
Maikop, 78
Malaya Ivanovka, 77
Malaya Rossoshka, 54
Malinovsky, Gen. Rodion Yakolevich, 336–337, 400
Malygin, Maj., 168–169
Mamaev Hill, xii, 36, 37–38, 60, 68, 128, 133, 168, 169, 175, 325, 368; battle for, 93, 94, 101, 104, 109, 111, 120, 123, 137, 396; command post on, 86–87, 88; German positions on, 125, 227, 348, 378–379
Manstein, Field Marshal Erich von, 215, 400; as head of Army Group Don, 211–214, 228, 229, 230, 231, 242, 245–246, 290, 329–330, 347; Hitler and, 20, 246, 250–251, 272ߛ273, 274, 298, 310, 320, 362, 400; Paulus and, 233, 242, 248–250, 277–279, 298, 300; resignation offered, 320; retreat ordered by, 346. See also German Army (Army Group Don); Operation Thunderclap
manufacturing, 36–37
marines, Russian, 68, 101, 102, 123
Marsan, Lt. Veniero, 15
Martini (Italian prisoner), 327
Medevitskaya Street, 58
medical care: German, 6, 50, 131, 229, 313, 317, 325, 349, 365; Russian, 84, 110
medical supplies, 198, 229, 282, 370
Mediterranean Sea, 153
Medvedev, Viktor, 145
Messerschmidt aircraft, 346
Metzger, Lt. Emil, 7–8, 116–117, 167, 203, 228, 289–290, 347, 387, 389, 393–395, 400, 405
Metzger, Kaethe, 7–8, 116, 228, 289–290, 347, 389, 393–395, 400
Metzler, Pvt. Josef, 114, 208, 352, 405
Meunch, Capt. Gerhard, 46, 76, 89, 92–93, 113, 167, 243, 286–287, 324, 354–355, 400–401, 405
Mexico, 22
mice, 304; equipment damaged by, 159; used as food by troops, 238
Mikosch, Col., 195
Milch, Gen. Erhard, 347
military decorations, 353, 397–398. See also German Cross; Hero of the Soviet Union; Infantry Assault Badge; Iron Cross; Order of Lenin; Order of the Red Star; Ritter Kreuz
militia, workers’, 56–57, 63; organized for defense of Stalingrad, 90; replaced by regulars, 112
Millerovo, 263
minefields, deactivation of, 242
Mishkova River, 213, 232, 234, 237, 241, 243, 247, 250, 255, 257, 258, 273, 274, 275, 279, 290, 294, 300
Moabit Prison, 399
Mogilev, 42
Mokraya Mechetka River, 37, 56, 63, 68, 69
Montgomery, Gen. Bernard, 153
morale, problems of: German, 112, 167, 185, 226, 297, 311–313, 340, 356; Russian, 42, 48, 71–72, 82
Moro airstrip, 302
Morocco, Allied landings in, 153
Morosovsk, 274
Morosovskaya, 67, 216, 274, 291
mortars: German, 6–7, 73, 80, 102, 105, 127, 203, 242; Russian, 120, 370–371
Moscow, xv, 18, 22, 29, 48n, 70, 149, 183; defense of, 71, 103
Moslems, 78
Mues, Capt., 172–173
Muller (Chief of Staff, 14th Corps). 369
Mussolini, Benito, 14, 15, 305
Mutius, Lt., 221
nail factory, defense of, 100, 102
Napoleon Bonaparte, ix–x
Narvik, 295
Nazi party, 9, 153, 374, 401; fund-raising drive, 244; German opponents of, 402, 403
Nazi-Soviet pact, 23
nebelwerfers (German mortars), 6–7, 203
Neidhardt, Capt. Boris von, 372, 377
Neist, Heinz, 139–140, 208, 238–239, 359, 380–381, 405
Neiwig, Cpl., 387–388
Nekrassov, Lt. Viktor, 55–56
Neustadt, 339
New Year’s Eve, battlefield celebration of, 307–308
New York Times, 336
NKVD, 43, 67, 82, 90, 105, 117, 307, 399; prison, 66, 365–366, 369, 374, 375, 380; in street fighting, 91, 92
Normandy, occupation of, 13
North Africa, Allied invasion of, 48n, 154, 182, 232, 296
Novocherkassk, 212, 214, 228, 245, 248, 250, 273, 294, 310, 329, 339
Novosibirsk, 397
Odessa, 34
Oettl, Lt. Hans, 49–50, 51, 112, 203, 209, 308–309, 318, 383–384, 401, 405
oil fields, and German strategy, 18, 85, 118, 119
Operation Blue (German), 4, 8, 12, 18, 78, 422; details known to Stalin, 24
Operation Thunderclap (German), 246, 247, 253, 255, 257, 260, 267, 270, 271, 274, 277–278, 290, 400
Operation Torch (Allied), 48n
Operation Uranus (Soviet), 117, 162, 171, 172, 176, 183–184, 186–187
Operation Winter Storm (German), 228, 231, 233, 246, 247, 254, 255, 260, 268, 270
Order of Lenin, 145
Order of the Red Star, 169
Ostarhild, Lt. Karl, 147, 148, 149, 150, 405
Pamir Mountains, 389
Panzer Army, First, see Hoth, Hermann; also entry under German Army
Parker, Ralph, 336
Paulus, Elena Constance Rosetti-Solescu von, 9–10, 230, 247, 401
Paulus, Ernst von, xi, 9, 18, 20, 401, 405
Paulus, Gen. Friedrich von, x, xi, 12, 73, 74, 114, 336, 366, 396, 400–401, 402; actions as commander of Sixth Army, 9–13, 41, 52, 78, 172, 175, 182, 190, 330, 331; disaster foreshadowed, 65, 147–148, 175; failure to link with Fourth Panzer Army, 75, 76; and Halder, 111; and High Command, 210–211; and Hitler, 85, 192–193, 203, 204, 208, 246, 271–272, 274, 308, 340, 374, 376–377; and mutinous generals, 369–370; orders given and rescinded, 269, 270; pleas for assistance, 111–112, 132, 294; proclamation to troops, 198; retreat recommended by, 191–192, 197, 200, 211; tactics, 62, 130, 150–151; treatment of by Russians, 388; ultimatum received by, 325. See also Luftwaffe; Manstein; Sixth Army
Pavlov, Sgt. Jacob, 119–120, 137, 146, 401
Pavlovsk, 346
Pearl Harbor, bombing of, ix
Pelikan, Sgt. Wolf, 180, 182, 405
Pensenskaya Street, 35, 91, 119
Permskaya Street, 58
Peschanyy, 188
Peskatovka Depot, 165
Peskovatka, 210
pet animals, 59–60, 79; kept by soldiers, 49, 51, 112, 116, 166, 221, 282, 318, 360; used as food, 309 318
Petrov, Sgt. Alexei, 104–106, 171–172, 187, 241, 321, 401, 405
Pfeiffer, Gen., 339, 366, 367, 371, 379
Pflüger, Sgt. Albert, 208–209, 223–224, 279, 287, 309–310, 332–333, 334, 360–361, 372–374, 380, 401, 405
Piave River, 15
Pickert, Gen. Wolfgang, 196–197, 337–338, 339
Pitomnik Airfield, 217, 222, 227, 229, 237, 255, 303, 304, 308, 310, 311, 317, 333, 337, 338, 339, 340, 345, 350; overrun by Russians, 346
Poland, 118; invasion of, 4, 7, 9, 210
politrook (Communist party agitators), 125, 172, 324, 393
Poltava, 18
Porsche auto factory, Stuttgart, 167, 227
Poskrebyshev (secretary to Stalin), 302
Powers, Francis Gary, 400
Pravda, 34–35, 58, 60, 68–69, 97, 103, 110, 369
prison camps, Soviet, xiii, 304, 363, 387, 389, 396, 435, 437; German survivors, 397
prisoners of war: casualties among, 388, 389, 390; German, 362, 364, 388, 394, 402, 435–437; guidelines on care of, 326–327; interrogation of, 133, 265; Italian, 264, 275, 277, 281, 300, 363; killing of, 10, 188, 189, 380, 381, 388, 399; political indoctrination of, 393; repatriation of, 394–395, 396, 397, 399, 401–402, 403, 435–437; rioting by, 363; Rumanian, 184, 187–188, 363; Russian, 5, 40, 41, 71, 184, 202, 327–329. See also cannibalism
propaganda: German, 161, 195, 295, 367; Soviet, 125, 149, 291, 305, 323, 324
prostitution, 169–170
Pugachev, Yemelyan, 29
Pugliese, Dr. Vincenzo, 392, 406
Pushkin Street, 58
quartermasters, German, 112, 113, 142, 164, 184, 189, 238, 298, 352, 359–360
radio communications: German, 140, 184, 335, 346, 353–354, 355–356; monitoring of Soviet by Germans, 234; in spy network, 23; Soviet, 76, 126–127, 134, 175, 384
Radio Moscow, 39
Rado, Alexander, 23
railroads, 69, 113, 149. See also trains
Railroad Station Number One, 34, 54, 92, 96, 100
Rastenburg, Nazi headquarters at, 163, 192, 199, 200, 206, 207, 210, 232, 274, 299
rations, cutting of, 220, 226, 233
Razin, Stenka, 29
Red Army, xi, 4, 9, 19, 20, 22–23, 70, 71, 212, 229, 325–326, 378–379
ARMIES: First Guards, 71; First Tank, 4, 41; Second Guards, 232, 234, 258, 336; Third Guards, 264, 280; Fifth Tank, 179–180, 183; Twenty-first, 180, 183, 218; Twenty-fourth, 218; Sixty-second, 4, 39–40, 41, 73, 76, 80, 81, 125, 136, 146, 151, 176, 205–206, 218, 234, 284, 316, 386, 398
CORPS: Fourth Mechanized (Tank), 173, 174, 191, 202; Thirteenth Mechanized, 191; Twenty-fourth Tank, 301, 302
DIVISIONS: Thirteenth Guards, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96–97, 102, 104, 119–120, 368, 398, 402; Thirty-fifth Guards, 63, 82; Thirty-seventh Guards, 134, 136, 150; Thirty-ninth Guards, 123; Fifty-seventh, 218; Sixty-fourth, 72, 73, 84, 90, 218, 378; Sixty-fifth, 218, 368; Sixty-sixth, 72, 218; Eighty-seventh, 241; Ninety-fifth, 123, 150; One Hundred Twelfth, 123; One Hundred Eighteenth, 150, 159, 284; One Hundred Ninety-fourth, 123; Two Hundred Eighth, surrender of, 33, 75; Two Hundred Eighty-fourth Siberian, 103–104, 106, 120, 121, 122, 127, 150, 169, 396; Three Hundred Eighth, 123, 135, 150
BRIGADES: Fourteenth Motor Artillery, 194; Twentieth Motorized, 45; Twenty-sixth Armored, 196, 197–198
REGIMENTS: Fifty-third Mortar, 242; One Hundred Eighteenth, 157 See also Big Saturn; Little Saturn; Operation Uranus; STAVKA
Red Army High Command, 19, 151, 179, 187, 217–218
“Red House,” battle for, 155
Red October Plant, 36, 69, 99, 106, 122, 123, 125, 126, 128, 133, 175, 286, 287, 324, 386; battle for, 135, 137, 284
“Red Orchestra,” 23
Red Star, 121
Reichenau, Field Marshal Walther von, 10
Rentsch, Dr. Herbert, 116, 166, 221, 318, 360, 406
Rettenmaier, Maj. Eugen, 155, 186, 225–226, 261
Reuber, Dr. Kurt, 292–293
Reymann, Lt. Georg, 339
Rhine River, 115
Richthofen, Gen. Freiherr von, 61, 131–132, 148, 154, 159, 163, 183, 193, 217, 245, 273, 280, 293, 295, 351
Rimsky-Korsakov School of Music, 42
Ritter Kreuz, Order of, 112
rockets, Russian, 138–139, 224, 276, 291, 315
Rodenburg, Gen. Carl, 114, 333, 335, 374, 401, 406
Rodimtsev, Gen. Alexander Ilyich, 89, 94–95, 108, 113, 119, 136, 146, 368, 385–386, 402
Rokossovsky, Gen. Konstantin, 117, 172, 203, 232, 234, 301–302, 316, 320, 325, 402
Rolik group, 160
Romanenko, Gen., 183
Rommel, Gen. Edwin, 153, 181, 232
Rosati, Col., 306
Rosenfeld, Col. Lothar, 303, 350
Rossler, Rudolf, 23–24, 402, 422–423. See also “Lucy”
Rossoshka, 49
Rostov, 3, 20, 78, 212, 214, 265, 281, 301, 310, 320, 400
Rudnia 43
Rumania, 9
Rumanian Army, xiv, 13, 14, 159, 175, 183, 186, 188, 189, 213, 220, 273, 309; Third, 14, 149, 179, 179–180, 182, 201; Fourth, 187, 201–202, 214; troops taken prisoner, 363, 393
Russian Civil War, 20, 30, 103
Sarayev, Col., 90
Sarpa Lake, 187
Sascha, Oberleutnant, 353
Sazakin (militiaman), 69
Schacty, 346
Scheibert, Lt. Horst, 236–237, 256
Schmidt, Gen. Arthur, 12, 114, 147, 190, 246, 300, 334, 336, 350, 354, 396, 406, 434; coolness noted, 175, 186, 193; on mutinous generals, 369; leadership of Sixth Army assumed by, 366, 402; on possible breakout, 196–197, 247, 249; secret inquiries on capitulation, 372; surrender negotiated, 375–376, 378; suspicions of Zitzewitz, 211, 303; teletype conversations with Army Group Don, 256–257, 259–261, 267–268, 269–270, 273–274, 290–291, 293–295; undue influence on Paulus alleged, 249, 402
Schröter, Heinz, 195, 196, 406
Schulz, Gen., 249, 256–257, 259–260, 267–268, 269–270, 273, 290–291, 293–295, 300
Schwarz, Grefreiter (Lance Cpl.), 342
secret police: German, 23, 43–44; Soviet, 398. See also NKVD
Seidel, Maj., 353
self-inflicted wounds, 353–354
Selle, Col. Herbert, 155, 157, 333, 334, 357–358, 402
Serafimovich, 14, 149, 158, 161, 179, 188, 214, 245, 262
Seydlitz-Kurzbach, Gen. Walther, 13, 190, 204, 205, 207, 208, 215–216, 311, 317, 366, 369, 371, 379–382, 403
sharpshooters, 121–122, 145, 403–404; German-Russian duel, 127–130. See also snipers
Shumilov, Gen. Mikhail, 83, 378
Siberia, 9, 103, 121; prison camps, xiii, 388, 400. See also Red Army (284th Siberian Division)
Sicherheitdienst (SD), 11
Sixth Army, German, 4, 8, 47; breakdown of, 288, 349–350, 351; casualties, 111, 260; command, 9, 10–13, 49, 147–148, 163; control of Volga, 80, 110; discipline and organization, 229; encirclement of, 202, 217–218, 229, 308, 311; escapees after surrender, 387–388; failure to break out, 387; forebodings of failure, 114; headquarters, 137, 190, 352–353, 368–369; Hitler and refusal to permit withdrawal, 198–199, 205–206; official mourning for loss of, 384; orders to take Stalingrad, 9; quartermasters, 164; role in victory of Kharkov, 12; Russian counteroffensive against, 88; Russian ultimatum to, 325–326; surrender, x, xii, 372, 375–376, 377–380, 383–384; victory at Ostrov, 41; war diary entries, 51, 233, 258–259, 295, 340; withdrawal proposed, 191–192, 251–252. See also Paulus; Schmidt
Slotta, Sgt. Gottlieb, 166–167, 225, 324, 348, 406
Smekhotvorov, Gen. F. N., 135, 284
Smolensk, 71
snipers: German, 98, 140; Russian, 89, 139, 172, 235–236, 399; training of, 122. See also sharpshooters
Sogotskot, 243
Solechnaya Street, 36; battle for, xii, 119–120, 401
Sologub, Gen. Ivan Petrovich, 284
Sorge, Richard, 23
Soviet Union: losses at Stalingrad, xiv–xv, 61; Nazi invasion of, 4, 23, 42, 83, 106; writing of history, x–xi. See also Bolshevik Revolution; Red Army
Sovietskaya Street, 35, 160–161
Spangenburg, Oberstleutnant, 353
Spartakovka, 68
Spitkovsky, Pvt. Abraham, 188, 406
Stalin, Josef, x, 4, 22–27, 30, 68, 232, 386, 403; address to Russian people, 152; battle as contest of egos with Hitler, 157; character, 22; cooperation with Weimar Republic, 212; military conferences, 85–86, 88, 117, 173; military decisions, 26, 48, 61, 89, 118, 202–203, 234, 245, 300, 301, 315; military strategy, 24–25; and NKVD, 43; order to hold Stalingrad, 39, 61; order to launch counterattack, 161–162; victory over White Army, 30; and Zhukov, 77–78
Stalingrad: advance by Germans on, 51, 56, 88; City Soviet, 35, 53, 60, 385; civilian volunteers, 54; climate, 3, 28, 33; command post at, 30, 32; death toll, xiv; decision to stand siege, 24–25; described, 30–38, 51; destruction, figures on, 385; entry of German troops, 88, 89; evacuation of civilians, xiv–xv, 34, 38, 56–57, 67, 97; evacuation of wounded, 110; first contact of Russian armies in and outside after siege, 368; geographical setting, 3; German headquarters in, 122–123; German losses, 343; German strategy of attack, 8–9, 13–14, 18; held by German troops, 220; history, 28–30; Hitler on taking of, 118–119, 154; naming of, 20, 30; newspaper reports of fall, 100; organization of militia, 90–91; population figures, xiv–xv, 30, 385; psychological importance of battle, xv–xvi; reconstruction of, xi–xii, 389–390; reinforcements brought into, 112, 124, 125; Russian Military Council at, 62–63; Russian plan of defense, 25–27; Russian counteroffensive, 88–89, 179, 182, 190; Russian losses, 368; survivors, xiii, 396–404; unattended wounded, German, 362; war memorial at, xii–xiii; wounded in battle, 386–387. See also casualties; factory district; street fighting; Tsaritsyn; weather; also names of streets, buildings, and locations, e.g. Mamaev Hill
Stalingrad Front, 26, 32, 151; renamed Don Front, 117
Stalingradski, 354; Flying School at, 122
starvation, 30, 166, 229, 261, 320, 344, 363; autopsy showing, 318–319; mention of banned, 319; among prisoners, 390
STAVKA (Soviet General Staff), 24–25, 32, 34, 48, 71, 158, 183, 187–188, 228, 234, 316, 423
Stefan Norman, 225
Steflea, Gen., 201–202
Steidle, Col., 372
Steinhilber, Sgt. Eugen, 198, 406
Stempel, Gen., 367
Stöck, Lt. Gerhard, 175, 182, 185, 186
“storm troops,” in defense of Stalingrad, 90–91
Strecker, Gen., 383
street fighting, 76, 79, 90, 91–93; anticipated by Russian command, 33; German experts, 154–155; training in, 195; at Voronezh, 18–19
Stuka aircraft, 32, 40, 42, 44, 58, 60, 70, 91, 93, 134 245
Stuttgart, 113, 226, 270, 314, 402
suicide, 367, 371, 372, 375, 384; Hitler on, 377, 382–383
supply lines, 20, 78, 113, 164
Susdal, prison camp at, 362, 390, 392
Sverdlovsk, 40
Swabia, 226
Switzerland, 23, 158, 228, 402
T-34 tanks, see Tanks, Russian
Taganrog, Army Group Don headquarters at, 346, 347, 352, 361, 384
Tambov, prison camp at, 363, 390
tanks: German, 5, 40, 146, 159; Russian, 36, 41, 63, 166–167, 180, 184, 188, 194, 202, 223, 224, 236, 240, 263, 315, 334. See also entries under German Army, e.g. First Panzer; also entries under Red Army, e.g. First Tank
Tashkent, 386
Tatsinskaya, 67, 216, 217, 274, 280, 281, 290, 295; airfield at, 300
Tazi airstrip, 302
Tel Aviv, 397
telephone communications: breakdown of Russian, 80, 89, 126, 134; cutting of German, 133, 248. See also BODO line
teletype communications, German, 248–250, 252–255, 256–257, 267–268, 269–270, 277–279, 290–291; cut off by Russians, 300
Terek River, 183
Thuringia, 153
Till, Lt., 238–239
Toepke, Lt. Gunter, 205
Tomskuschin, Maj. Nikolai, 39–41, 403, 406
Tomskuschin, Vladimir, 41, 403
trains: Germans supplied by, 73; Russian, attacked by Germans, 63, 191; in transport of prisoners, 327–329
Trepper, Leonard, 23
Trotsky, Leon, 22
Tsaritsa, Gorge, 33–34, 55, 101, 234, 286, 365, 368, 378; command post under, 30–32, 36, 47, 54, 57, 80, 99; German assault on, 94, 99; removal of headquarters, 80–81; return of headquarters to, 88; siege of command post, 93–94
Tunisia, 296
Turla, Don Guido, 391
Tzatza lakes, 88, 149, 173, 174, 187
Ukraine, 4, 17, 85, 104, 106, 116, 118, 119, 120, 132, 143, 166, 221, 387, 436
Ulm, 399
United Press International, 336
Univermag Department Store, xii, 35, 102, 109–110, 368–369, 370, 378, 396; taken by Germans, 111
Upper Silesia, 210
Ural Mountains, 9, 40, 103, 121, 149, 387, 389
Uralsk, 57
Usenko, Capt., 368
Vadeneyeva, Maria, 102
Vasilevsky, Marshal Alexander Mikahilovich, 26, 85–86, 88, 117, 161–162, 173, 183, 203, 217, 228, 231–232, 233–234, 241
Vassilevska, 250, 258, 266, 273, 274, 279
Vatutin, Gen., 161, 183, 300, 301
Verkhne-Kumski, 237, 239, 240, 241, 243, 250, 253, 254
Verkhne-Tsaritsyn, 231
Victor Emmanuel, King, 305
Viersen, xi
Vinnitsa, Nazi headquarters at, 17, 21, 79, 85, 110
Viskov, Constantin, 54, 59, 97
Vitebsk, 211
Vladimir prison camp, 390
vodka, rations of, 168–169, 324, 325
Vodolagin, Mikhail, 60, 68–69, 97
Volga River, xi, xv, 3, 8, 28, 36, 55–56 61; crossed by Mongols, 28; crossing points, 34, 69, 124–125; described, 32, 38; ferry landing on, 89, 91, 110; German moves toward, 20, 21, 24, 52, 91, 92, 111, 119, 141; ice bridge over, 220, 307; replacements ferried over, 112, 124, 125, 128; Russian defenses of, 9. See also ice packs
Volgograd Defense Museum, xii, 406
Volsky, Gen. Viktor T., 173–174, 191, 202
Voporonovo, 355
Voronezh, 154, 388, 422; battle at, 18–19, 24, 121, 155
Voronov, Gen. N. N., 315–316, 333,
Wagemann Capt. Eberhard, 354
war crimes, Germans accused of, 400, 436
Warsaw, 15
weapons, 14, 36, 95. See also artillery
weather, effect of on battle, 28, 33, 163–164, 183–184, 186, 194, 217, 222, 291, 303
Weichs, Gen. Freiherr von, 192, 200
Werth, Alexander, 336
West Germany, 396, 399, 402, 403, 435; army of, 401. See also names of towns
wheat: harvest, 32; and Nazi objectives, 119; supplies, 102, 142
Wiedemann, Sgt., 195–196
Wiesbaden, 46
Willig, Capt., 325
Wirkner, Sgt. Hubert, 210, 224–225, 324, 338, 357–359, 365, 381, 403, 406
Wohlfahrt, Sgt. Ernst, 138–139, 156, 338, 351–352, 406
Wolfs Lair, see Rastenburg
workers, mobilization of, see militia
World War I, xiv, 15, 29, 212; veterans of, 12, 13, 130
wounds, self-inflicted, 353–354
Yelchenko, Lt. Fyodor, 377–378, 379n
Yelin, Col., 92, 93, 102–103, 119
Yeremenko, Gen. Andrei Ivanovich, 25–27, 30, 53, 151, 187, 192, 222, 403; demoted, 301–302, 320; given supreme responsibility for defense of Stalingrad, 48; orders given by, 54, 74, 75, 134; plan of defense, 32–38, 45, 47–48, 73–74; Stalin and, 61, 83, 88; visit to Chuikov command post, 135–136. See also Khrushchev
Young Fascist League, 15
Yugoslavia, 4
Zabolotnov, Lt., 119
Zaitsev, Vassili, 121–122, 127–130, 145–146, 236, 386, 397, 403–404
Zaitsevski Island, 243
Zeitzler, Gen. Kurt, 163, 199, 206–207, 210, 217, 232, 246, 271, 274, 277, 333, 356, 381–386
Zholudev, Gen. Victor, 123, 134, 136, 150, 285
Zhukov, Marshal Georgi Konstantinovich, x, 70–71, 77–78, 85, 86, 88, 117, 158, 217, 218, 228, 301–302, 404; plan for counterattack, 161–162, 171, 173–174, 404
Zitzewitz, Maj. Coelestin von, 210–211, 303–304, 354, 356–357, 404