Introduction
1. Ross F. Housholder, Molding process, US Patent US 4247508 A, filed December 3, 1979, and issued January 21, 1981.
2. For organs, see: “Engineering a Kidney,” Wake Forest School of Medicine, last modified January 21, 2014, http://www.wakehealth.edu/Research/WFIRM/Research/Engineering-A-Kidney.htm.
For rockets, see: Jason Paur, “NASA Fires Up Rocket Engine Made of 3-D Printed Parts,” Wired, August 28, 2013, http://www.wired.com/autopia/2013/08/nasa-3d-printed-rocket-engine/.
For food, see: Loura Hall, “3D Printing: Food in Space,” NASA, last modified May 23, 2013, http://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/home/feature_3d_food.html.
For printers, see: RepRap, last modified October 13, 2013, http://reprap.org/.
Chapter 1: Balancing the Three Rings
1. Mind the Product is the not-for-profit umbrella organization that runs ProductTank, ProductCamp London, and the Mind the Product annual conference: Mind the Product, accessed May 5, 2014, http://www.mindtheproduct.com.
2. P&G, “A Company History: 1837–Today,” last modified January 11, 2006, http://www.pg.com/translations/history_pdf/english_history.pdf.
3. An electronic copy of Neil McElroy’s “brand man” memo, May 13, 1931, is archived at http://begravity.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/neil-mcelroy-brand-man-memo-1931.pdf (accessed May 5, 2014).
4. Ibid.
5. A production system pioneered by Toyota. “Toyota Production System,” Toyota Motor Corporation, last modified March 6, 2014, http://www.toyota-global.com/company/vision_philosophy/toyota_production_system/.
6. Mark Zuckerberg, “Letter from Mark Zuckerberg,” Facebook’s proposed initial public offer (IPO) in its initial registration form (S-1) with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, filed on February 1, 2012, p. 67, http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1326801/000119312512034517/d287954ds1.htm#toc287954_10.
7. Henry Blodget, “The Maturation of the Billionaire Boy-Man,” New York, May 6, 2012, http://nymag.com/news/features/mark-zuckerberg-2012-5/index1.html.
8. “We’ve made a lot of mistakes building this feature, but we’ve made even more with how we’ve handled them.” Mark Zuckerberg, “Thoughts on Beacon,” Facebook, last modified December 5, 2007, http://www.facebook.com/notes/facebook/thoughts-on-beacon/7584397130.
9. Jay Cassano, “Secrets from Facebook’s Mobile UX Testing Team,” Co.Labs, last modified April 8, 2013, http://www.fastcolabs.com/3007979/open-company/secrets-facebooks-mobile-ux-testing-team.
10. Miniwatts Marketing Group, “Facebook Users in the World,” Internet World Stats, last modified September 30, 2012, http://www.internetworldstats.com/facebook.htm.
11. Dieter Bohn, “How Facebook Secretly Redesigned Its iPhone App with Your Help,” The Verge, September 18, 2013, http://www.theverge.com/2013/9/18/4744904/how-facebook-secretly-redesigned-its-iphone-app-with-your-help.
12. As described so neatly in Geoffrey A. Moore’s must-read book, Crossing the Chasm (see the Further Reading list).
13. It is customary at this point to wheel out the standard hackneyed quotes about vision and motivation. The first concerns the three stonecutters (“I am building a cathedral!”) from Peter F. Drucker’s The Practice of Management (see the Further Reading list), itself lifted from a story attributed to Sir Christopher Wren. There’s also its apocryphal, modern-day reinterpretation in which President John F. Kennedy asks a man cleaning the floor at NASA what he’s doing (“I’m helping to send a man to the moon”). Though you’ve got to wonder why he had to ask in the first place—was it not obvious from the mop?
14. Dharmesh Raithatha, “Product Management, Teamwork & Company Culture at Mind Candy,” speech in London at ProductTank, October 30, 2012.
15. As I observed firsthand at the inaugural Product Management Festival in Zurich, September 18, 2013, when Gabriel Steinhardt and Marty Cagan had “a bit of a falling-out” during a debate. See: Jock Busuttil, “Ich bin ein Produkt-Manager: Round-up from Inaugural Product Management Festival in Zürich,” I Manage Products (blog), September 23, 2013, http://imanageproducts.co.uk/2013/09/23/ich-bin-ein-produkt-manager/.
16. The following short tutorials on Kaizen are instructive:
For principles, see: Steve Stephenson, “What Is Kaizen?” Graphic Products, accessed May 5, 2014, http://www.graphicproducts.com/tutorials/kaizen/.
For benefits, see: Steve Hudgik, “What Are the Benefits Resulting from Kaizen?” Graphic Products, accessed May 5, 2014, http://www.graphicproducts.com/tutorials/kaizen/kaizen-benefits.php.
17. Adrienne Tan, “6 Great Schools Around the World Where You Can Study Product Management,” Brainrants (blog), September 27, 2012, http://www.brainmates.com.au/brainrants/6-great-schools-around-the-world-where-you-can-study-product-management. HSR Hochschule für Technik Rapperswil, Switzerland, has a postgraduate course specifically in software product management: MAS Software Produktmanagement, accessed May 5, 2014, http://www.hsr.ch/mas-swpm.
18. The Student-Run Computing Facility, accessed May 5, 2014, http://www.srcf.net/.
19. After moving from web server to load balancer software, Zeus Technology was acquired by Riverbed Technology in 2011. “Riverbed Expands IT Performance Business with Acquisition of Zeus Technology,” Riverbed Technology, last modified July 19, 2011, http://www.riverbed.com/about/news-articles/press-releases/riverbed-expands-it-performance-business-with-acquisition-of-zeus-technology.html.
20. Primarily on the basis of its performance in the industry benchmark SPECweb99 (retired in October 2005), accessed May 5, 2014, http://www.spec.org/web99/. For example, see: John Buscemi, “IBM eServer Breaks Internet Speed Record,” IBM Media Relations, http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/1159.wss.
21. “Zeus Power 20 Million eBay Searches a Day,” [sic] Zeus Technology, last modified June 15, 2001, archived at Internet Archive, http://web.archive.org/web/20041013162138/http://www.zeus.com/library/case_studies/ebay.pdf (accessed May 5, 2014).
22. For a comprehensive guide to running a win-loss interview, see: Sue Duris, “Win/Loss Analysis Checklist for Product Managers,” Pragmatic Marketing, accessed May 5, 2014, http://www.pragmaticmarketing.com/resources/winloss-analysis-checklist-for-product-managers.
Chapter 2: Knowing the Customers Better Than They Know Themselves
1. Dean Kamen, Personal mobility vehicles and methods, US Patent US 6651766 B2, filed May 22, 2001, and issued November 25, 2003.
2. Rupert Goodwins, “Ginger Launch Takes Hype Biscuit,” ZDNet, December 4, 2001, http://www.zdnet.com/ginger-launch-takes-hype-biscuit-3002100309/.
3. Steve Kemper, Reinventing the Wheel: A Story of Genius, Innovation, and Grand Ambition, p. 4. See the Further Reading list.
4. Ibid.
5. Marc Andreessen, “The Pmarca Guide to Startups, Part 4: The Only Thing That Matters,” Pmarchive, last modified June 25, 2007, http://pmarchive.com/guide_to_startups_part4.html.
6. John Heilemann, “Reinventing the Wheel,” Time, December 2, 2001, http://content.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,186660-1,00.html.
7. Gary Rivlin, “Segway’s Breakdown,” Wired, March 2003, accessed May 5, 2014, http://archive.wired.com/wired/archive/11.03/segway.html. “Doerr’s firm [Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers], it was widely reported, invested $38 million in Kamen’s startup, the largest single investment in Kleiner Perkins’ history. All told, Kamen raised around $90 million in the spring of 2000 in exchange for a reported 15 percent stake in his company, which would give Segway LLC a preposterous paper worth of roughly $650 million.”
8. Ibid. p. 4.
9. Martin Beckford, “Segways Banned from Pavements and Roads as Rider Fined £75,” The Telegraph, January 19, 2011, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/transport/8267312/Segways-banned-from-pavements-and-roads-as-rider-fined-75.html.
10. For an account of their meeting, see: Kemper, Reinventing the Wheel.
11. 99.999999 percent of the speed of light. See: LHC Machine Outreach, last modified July 9 2012, http://lhc-machine-outreach.web.cern.ch/lhc-machine-outreach/.
12. Or like two Nimitz-class aircraft carriers colliding at 5.6 knots: “Beam,” LHC Machine Outreach, accessed May 5, 2014, http://lhc-machine-outreach.web.cern.ch/lhc-machine-outreach/beam.htm.
13. “Large Hadron Collider ‘Mostly Repaired,’ ” The Telegraph, May 3, 2009, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/large-hadron-collider/5266415/Large-Hadron-Collider-mostly-repaired.html.
14. Before Autonomy was itself sold to HP. Robin Wauters, “Autonomy Buys Iron Mountain’s Digital Archiving, Online Backup Business for $380M,” TechCrunch, May 16, 2011, http://techcrunch.com/2011/05/16/autonomy-buys-iron-mountain%E2%80%99s-digital-archiving-online-backup-business-for-380m/.
15. Daniel Shefer provides a comprehensive guide to traditional pricing strategies in “Product and Pricing Strategies” on Pragmatic Marketing’s blog at http://www.pragmaticmarketing.com/resources/product-and-pricing-strategies?p=0. In the article he touches on different approaches depending on the stage within the technology adoption lifecycle, a topic also considered by Geoffrey Moore in Crossing the Chasm (see the Further Reading list).
Neil Davidson’s book Don’t Just Roll the Dice provides a concise overview of pricing strategy, perception of value, and fairness (see the Further Reading section).
Stewart Rogers discusses how your pricing strategy is linked to your product strategy, which is itself linked to your company’s overall strategy, and so must support your company’s mission. Stewart Rogers, “Pricing Strategy, Worthy of a Thought?,” Strategic Product Manager, February 6, 2009, http://www.strategicproductmanager.com/2009/02/06/pricing-strategy-worthy-of-a-thought/.
A briefing on the Institute of Directors’ website (http://www.iod.com/guidance/briefings/su-pricing-your-product-or-service) offers concise advice and questions to get you thinking about which pricing strategy to adopt. “Pricing Your Product or Service for Start-Ups,” Atom Content Marketing Ltd, last modified August 7, 2013, http://www.iod.com/~/media/Documents/PDFs/IAS/BHP%20Director%20Briefings/SuB5%20Pricing%20your%20product%20or%20service.pdf.
Moving to the newer pricing strategies favored by startups, Jason Cohen covers the pros and cons of the popular freemium approach on his blog, A Smart Bear. You can find many other insightful articles on startup pricing strategies peppered throughout. Jason Cohen, “Reframing the Problems with ‘Freemium’ by Charging the Marketing Department,” A Smart Bear, April 16, 2013, http://blog.asmartbear.com/freemium.html.
Pricing doesn’t have to be based on guesswork, and A/B testing can be an effective approach to determine what the right price point should be. For a good case study of how usability testing company Clicktale evolved the pricing strategy for its software-as-a-service product through use of pricing experiments, see: Paras Chopra, “How Pricing Plans Evolved Over Time for a SaaS Startup,” I ♥ Split Testing Blog, April 26, 2010, http://visualwebsiteoptimizer.com/split-testing-blog/how-pricing-plans-evolved-over-time-for-a-saas-startup/.
Neuromarketing is a discipline that uses consumer psychology to determine the best pricing approach. Anchor pricing is one such technique examined by Roger Dooley, “Anchor Pricing Strategies,” July 18, 2008, Neuromarketing, http://www.neurosciencemarketing.com/blog/articles/anchor-prices.htm. Other neuromarketing pricing strategies are covered well by Stephen Forman in his two-part blog post: Stephen Forman, “Neuromarketing: Five Cutting Edge Pricing Strategies,” ProducersWEB, February 14, 2013, http://www.producersweb.com/r/pwebmc/d/contentFocus/?pcID=fead9a4c982d05efee3b01f06f76c281, and “Neuromarketing, Pt 2: Even More Top Pricing Strategies,” ProducersWEB, March 1, 2013, http://www.producersweb.com/r/pwebmc/d/contentFocus/?pcID=ab235cadba6bd80f411521752bcb35c6.
Lastly, behavioral economist Dan Ariely’s book Predictably Irrational looks at how irrationality in our decision-making affects our perception of price (see the Further Reading section).
16. Joel Spolsky, cofounder of Fog Creek Software, described how his company created Trello as a free tool because their objective was to get to 100 million users as quickly as possible and then figure out how to monetize the 1 percent with premium features: Joel Spolsky, “How Trello is Different,” Joel on Software, January 6, 2012, http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2012/01/06.html, and Joel Spolsky, “Free as in Fortune Cookies,” Joel on Software, April 30, 2013, http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2013/04/30.html. Trello is undeniably popular, but it will be interesting to look back in a few years to see how well the freemium approach works out for them.
17. Sean Fallon, “Rong Zun 758 Razor Cellphone Features a Built-In Shaver,” Gizmodo, April 16, 2009, http://gizmodo.com/5214890/rong-zun-758-razor-cellphone-features-a-built-in-shaver.
18. Tom Chi, “Rapid Prototyping at Google X,” speech in London at Mind the Product Conference, September 28, 2012. Video: http://www.mindtheproduct.com/2012/12/rapid-prototyping-google-glass-by-tom-chi/, and slides at: http://www.slideshare.net/mindtheproduct/tom-chi-rapid-prototyping-at-google-x-mindtheproduct-2012.
19. Mark Milian, “Rejected by VCs, Pebble Watch Raises $3.8M on Kickstarter,” Bloomberg Tech Deals, April 17, 2012, http://go.bloomberg.com/tech-deals/2012-04-17-rejected-by-vcs-pebble-watch-raises-3-8m-on-kickstarter/.
20. Pebble Technology, “Pebble: E-Paper Watch for iPhone and Android,” Kickstarter, http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/597507018/pebble-e-paper-watch-for-iphone-and-android.
21. Dennis Lloyd, “Key Milestones in the Life of the iPod,” iLounge, June 26, 2004, http://www.ilounge.com/index.php/articles/comments/instant-expert-a-brief-history-of-ipod/.
22. Bryan Chaffin, “Casady & Greene Discontinues SoundJam MP at Developer’s Request,” Mac Observer, May 6, 2001, http://www.macobserver.com/tmo/article/Casady_Greene_Discontinues_SoundJam_MP_At_Developers_Request, and Nick dePlume, “WSJ: Casady & Greene ‘Forbidden’ from Discussing iTunes Deal,” ThinkSecret, July 3, 2003, archived from the original on January 16, 2008, at http://web.archive.org/web/20080116094212/http://www.thinksecret.com/news/wsjcasadygreene.html.
23. Leander Kahney, “Inside Look at Birth of the iPod,” Wired, July 21, 2004, http://www.wired.com/gadgets/mac/news/2004/07/64286.
24. Lloyd, “Key Milestones.”
25. The whole product is the core product, in this case the iPod, enhanced and made more compelling for the mass market through complementary accessories, services, and software such as iPod charging docks and the iTunes Store. The concept of “whole product” is explained in much greater detail in Moore, Crossing the Chasm. See the Further Reading section.
26. Powderroom, accessed May 5, 2014, http://www.powderroom.net.
27. With the 2012 Olympics, “the BBC delivered its most successful online event ever, attracting a record-breaking 55m global browsers to BBC Sport online (cumulative reach) throughout the course of the Games, and marking London 2012 as the first truly digital Games.” “BBC Sport breaks online records with first truly digital Olympics,” August 13, 2012, last modified March 18, 2014, BBC Media Centre, http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2012/sport-online-figures.html.
28. Steve Portigal, “Persona Non Grata,” originally published in Interactions, January/February 2008, http://www.portigal.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/Portigal-Consulting-White-Paper-Persona-Non-Grata.pdf.
29. George Santayana, The Life of Reason, vol. 1, chapter XII. Available in full via Project Gutenberg at http://www.gutenberg.org/files/15000/15000-h/vol1.html.
30. Iain Thomson, “FREEZE, GLASSHOLE! California Cops Bust Google Glass Driver,” The Register, October 30, 2013, http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/10/30/california_cops_ticket_driver_for_wearing_google_glass/. Although Cecilia Abadie’s case was dropped, this was only because there was insufficient evidence that Glass was turned on at the time: “Google Glass driver Abadie has case dropped,” BBC News, January 17, 2014, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-25764674.
Chapter 3: You’re Actually Managing People, Not Products
1. According to Matthew Glotzbach, MD, of YouTube EMEA, speaking in Zurich at Product Management Festival, September 19, 2013.
2. Aziz Musa, “Delivering a Pure Product,” speech in London at the Mind the Product Conference, September 27, 2013. Video: http://www.mindtheproduct.com/2013/12/video-delivering-a-pure-product/, and slides: http://www.slideshare.net/PuristProductManagement/mind-the-product-mtpcon-aziz-musa-pure-products.
3. William Shakespeare, The Tempest, 3.1.64.
4. Wally Olins, “Wally Olins: Branding in Indian Companies? If Only It Were True,” Kyoorius Magazine, November 18, 2013, http://kyoorius.com/2013/11/wally-olins-branding-in-indian-companies-if-only-it-were-true/. For more, see also the Further Reading list and Mike Atherton, “Brand-Driven Design for Content Strategy,” last modified September 16, 2013, http://www.slideshare.net/reduxd/brand-cs-forum.
5. Elon Musk, “Tesla Adds Titanium Underbody Shield and Aluminum Deflector Plates to Model S,” Tesla Motors, March 28, 2014, http://www.teslamotors.com/blog/tesla-adds-titanium-underbody-shield-and-aluminum-deflector-plates-model-s.
6. Gianfranco Zaccai, “Why Focus Groups Kill Innovation, from the Designer Behind Swiffer,” Co.Design, last modified October 18, 2012, http://www.fastcodesign.com/1671033/why-focus-groups-kill-innovation-from-the-designer-behind-swiffer.
7. Tom Webster, “What’s Wrong with Focus Groups?,” Edison Research, December 3, 2004, http://www.edisonresearch.com/home/archives/2004/12/whats_wrong_wit.php.
8. “Handbook for New Employees,” Valve Software, last modified April 17, 2012, accessed May 5, 2014, http://media.steampowered.com/apps/valve/Valve_Handbook_LowRes.pdf.
9. Thomas Jackson, Ray Dawson, and Darren Wilson, “Case Study: Evaluating the Effect of Email Interruptions Within the Workplace,” 2002, IN: Conference on Empirical Assessment in Software Engineering, Keele University, EASE 2002, Keele, UK, April 2002, pp. 3–7, https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/489.
10. Suw Charman-Anderson, “Breaking the Email Compulsion,” The Guardian, August 28, 2008, http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/aug/28/email.addiction.
11. Charles Duhigg, The Power of Habit, p. 50. See the Further Reading section.
Chapter 4: The Fine Line Between Success and Failure
1. 1964 advertising slogan: “How to catch a salad lover with new Jell-O Salad Gelatin in vegetable flavors.” “Jell-O Salad Gelatin: Celery & Mixed Vegetable Flavors (1964),” Click Americana, accessed May 5, 2014, http://clickamericana.com/topics/food-drink/jell-o-salad-gelatin-celery-mixed-vegetable-flavors-1964.
2. “CPSC Votes Final Ban on Lawn Darts,” Consumer Product Safety Commission, October 28, 1988, http://www.cpsc.gov/en/Newsroom/News-Releases/1988/CPSC-Votes-Final-Ban-On-Lawn-Darts/.
3. The answers to the question “What is the truth behind ‘9 out of 10 startups fail’?” on Quora (http://www.quora.com/What-is-the-truth-behind-9-out-of-10-startups-fail) may not provide a single, definitive statistic, but they certainly highlight the variability of factors that can contribute to the success or failure of a tech startup. Chuck Eesley’s and Christoph Möller’s responses to the question in particular present an array of facts and figures. Chuck Eesley’s answer: http://www.quora.com/What-is-the-truth-behind-9-out-of-10-startups-fail/answer/Chuck-Eesley. Christoph Möller’s answer: http://www.quora.com/What-is-the-truth-behind-9-out-of-10-startups-fail/answer/Christoph-M%C3%B6ller.
4. Hannah Furness, “BIC Ridiculed over Comfortable Pink Pens for Women,” The Telegraph, August 28, 2012, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/9503359/BIC-ridiculed-over-comfortable-pink-pens-for-women.html.
5. Lester Haines, “Introducing Dasani—the Water with Added, er, Protein,” The Register, March 11, 2004, http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/03/11/introducing_dasani_the_water.
6. Bill Garrett, “Coke’s Water Bomb,” BBC Money Programme, June 16, 2004, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3809539.stm.
7. In Steve Jobs’s official biography. Walter Isaacson, Steve Jobs, p. 472. See the Further Reading section.
8. Graham Barlow and Dan Grabham, “iOS 6 Maps: What Went Wrong?,” from MacFormat issue 254, TechRadar, December 11, 2012, http://www.techradar.com/news/software/applications/ios-6-maps-what-went-wrong-1118121.
9. “Comparing iOS 6 map image of Brooklyn Bridge,” The Amazing iOS 6 Maps (blog), accessed May 5, 2014, http://theamazingios6maps.tumblr.com/post/32046614208/comparing-ios-6-map-image-of-brooklyn-bridge.
10. Richard Chirgwin, “Apple Maps Directs Drivers into Path of Oncoming Planes,” The Register, September 26, 2013, http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/09/26/apple_maps_directed_drivers_onto_alaskan_airport_taxiways/.
11. Adrian Lowe, “Tourists Stranded in Searing Heat as Apple Maps Fails,” The Sydney Morning Herald, December 10, 2012, http://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/tourists-stranded-in-searing-heat-as-apple-maps-fails-20121210-2b4n8.html.
12. Diana Huggins, “Top 10 Windows Vista Annoyances,” TechRepublic, March 27, 2007, http://www.techrepublic.com/article/top-10-windows-vista-annoyances/.
13. Dwight Silverman, “Here’s Why Your HP Printer Still Doesn’t Have Vista Drivers,” Chron, April 24, 2007, http://blog.chron.com/techblog/2007/04/heres-why-your-hp-printer-still-doesnt-have-vista-drivers/.
14. Aaron Ricadela, “Closing the Door to Microsoft Vista,” Bloomberg Businessweek, May 13, 2008, http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2008-05-13/closing-the-door-to-microsoft-vistabusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice.
15. “Thirteen years after it was released, Windows XP remains the world’s second most popular PC operating system. It’s running on 27.69 per cent of consumer machines, according to market stats from beancounters Netcraft.” Gavin Clarke, “Windows XP is Finally Dead, Right? Er, Not Quite. Here’s What to Do If You’re Stuck with It,” The Register, April 8, 2014, http://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/04/08/end_of_xp/.
16. The Royal Bank of Scotland suffered a massive outage for a few days in July 2012 due to a failed systems upgrade. While the defective software component that caused the problem was identified, in the view of analysts and a former RBS employee, rectifying the fault took far longer than it should have due to the inherent bureaucracy of the change management process. Anna Leach, “RBS Must Realize It’s Just an IT Biz with a Banking Licence,” The Register, August 1, 2012, http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/08/01/how_can_banks_stop_it_crashes_happening_again/.
17. For a basic introduction to APIs, see the Wikipedia page at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface.
18. Ken Schwaber and Jeff Sutherland, The Scrum Guide™—The Definitive Guide to Scrum: The Rules of the Game, Scrum.org, October 2011, https://www.scrum.org/Portals/0/Documents/Scrum Guides/2013/Scrum-Guide.pdf.
19. Roman Pichler, “What Is Agile Product Management?,” Roman’s Blog, March 1, 2010, http://www.romanpichler.com/blog/what-is-agile-product-management/.
20. If you want to take a more statistically minded approach, there’s a helpful online velocity calculator at http://www.mountaingoatsoftware.com/tools/velocity-range-calculator.
21. The Business Model Canvas is designed by Business Model Foundry AG, the makers of Business Model Generation and Strategyzer (http://www.businessmodelgeneration.com/). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. You can find it as an interactive tool online. The official apps can be found at http://www.businessmodelgeneration.com/toolbox or a good, free alternative is at http://canvanizer.com/.
22. Janna Bastow, “Tame Your Roadmap,” Mind the Product (blog), September 27, 2011, http://www.mindtheproduct.com/2011/09/tame-your-roadmap/.
23. Simon Cast, “Roadmapping Without Dates,” ProdPad (blog), January 24, 2013, http://www.prodpad.com/2013/01/roadmapping-without-dates/.
24. You can see ProdPad’s current public roadmap at http://www.prodpad.com/our-roadmap/.
25. FreeAgent’s roadmap is at: http://depot.freeagent.com/. It is far more chirpy than you’d expect for a company providing online bookkeeping software.
26. Cory Bennett and Ariel Tseitlin, “Chaos Monkey Released into the Wild,” The Netflix Tech Blog, July 30, 2012, http://techblog.netflix.com/2012/07/chaos-monkey-released-into-wild.html.
27. Duhigg, The Power of Habit, 103–104. See the Further Reading section.
28. For a masterful article on why the saying is nonsense, see: Victor H. Mair, professor of Chinese language and literature at the University of Pennsylvania, “Danger + Opportunity ≠ Crisis,” Pinyin Info, last modified September 2009, http://www.pinyin.info/chinese/crisis.html.
29. Douglas MacMillan, “Andreessen: This Isn’t a Tech Bubble,” Wall Street Journal, January 5, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB40001424052702303640604579298330921690014.
30. Chi, “Rapid Prototyping at Google X.”
Chapter 5: Tender Loving Care of Time
1. Peter F. Drucker, The Effective Executive, p. 26. See the Further Reading section.
2. Marty Cagan, “Product Manager vs. Product Owner,” Silicon Valley Product Group (blog), December 6, 2011, http://svpg.com/product-manager-vs-product-owner/.
3. Frank Partnoy, Wait: The Art and Science of Delay. See the Further Reading section.
4. C. Northcote Parkinson, “Parkinson’s Law,” The Economist, November 19, 1955, archived at http://www.economist.com/node/14116121 (accessed May 5, 2014).
5. Stuart Dreyfus, “System 0: The Overlooked Explanation of Expert Intuition” (forthcoming), last modified May 25, 2013, http://www.ieor.berkeley.edu/People/Faculty/dreyfus-pubs/Expert_Intuition.pdf.
6. Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow, p. 12. See the Further Reading list.
7. Sylvain Charron and Etienne Koechlin, “Divided Representation of Concurrent Goals in the Human Frontal Lobes,” Science, April 16, 2010, http://www.sciencemag.org/content/328/5976/360.short.
8. Issie Lapowsky, “Don’t Multitask: Your Brain Will Thank You,” Inc., April 17, 2013, http://www.inc.com/magazine/201304/issie-lapowsky/get-more-done-dont-multitask.html.
9. “The Siren Song of Multitasking,” Herman Miller, last modified January 15, 2007, http://www.hermanmiller.com/content/dam/hermanmiller/documents/research_summaries/wp_SirenSong.pdf.
10. Martin Hilbert and Priscilla López, “The World’s Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information,” Science, April 1, 2011, http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6025/60.
11. John M. Grohol, “FOMO Addiction: The Fear of Missing Out,” PsychCentral (blog), April 14, 2011, http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2011/04/14/fomo-addiction-the-fear-of-missing-out/.
Conclusion
1. “ ‘Twerking’ and ‘Selfie’ Added to Oxford Dictionary,” BBC News, August 28, 2013, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-23861702.