Illustrations

4.1. Fascist parade in the Avenue of the Empire, Rome, 1930s.

4.2. Cover illustration for the book Giulio Cesare by Lyno Guarnieri showing a profile of Mussolini as a shadow of a well-known bust of Caesar.

4.3. Production photograph of the funeral scene from Giulio Cesare, directed by Ferdinando Tamberlani, Basilica of Maxentium, Rome, Italy, 1935.

4.4. Production photograph from Giulio Cesare, directed by Ferdinando Tamberlani, Basilica of Maxentium, Rome, Italy, 1935.

4.5. Production photograph of map scene from Cesare, a play by Giovacchino Forzano and Benito Mussolini. Teatro Argentina, Rome, Italy, 1939.

5.1. A facsimile of the advertisement for a production of Othello at the Cotopouli Theatre, Athens, Greece, 1942.

5.2. Dimitris Myrat as Othello, Cotopouli Theatre, Athens, Greece, 1942. Reproduced with the permission of Voula Zouboulaki, widow of Dimitris Myrat.

6.1. Document from one of the actors of the prisoner-of-war camp, Professor Zbigniew Bessert, attesting to the many activities of the theatre group in Murnau.

6.2. Production photograph from Twelfth Night, Murnau prisoner-of-war camp, Bavaria, possibly June 1944.

6.3. Antoni Libner(?) as Shylock. Production photograph from The Merchant of Venice, Murnau prisoner-of-war camp, Bavaria, 1944.

6.4. Antoni Libner(?) as Shylock, with Tadeusz Kubalski, Jerzy Romanski, Adam Nizankowski. Production photograph from The Merchant of Venice, Murnau prisoner-of-war camp, Bavaria, 1944.

6.5. Michal Lesniak and Wieslaw Pisarczyk. Production photograph from The Merchant of Venice, Murnau prisoner-of-war camp, Bavaria, 1944.

6.6. Andrzej Markiewicz, Aleksander Zaar, and Adam Nizankowski. Production photograph from The Merchant of Venice, Murnau prisoner-of-war camp, Bavaria, 1944.

7.1. Boris Pasternak. Portrait by Alexander Less. 1954.

8.1. Cartoon of Baron Shidehara, Minister of Foreign Affairs as Hamlet: ‘To be or not to be.’

8.2. Photographs of Japanese products and signboards with English words or names: ‘Are these Japanese products made for Japanese people?’

9.1. ‘The Cradle of Modern Chinese Theatre.’ National Drama School Museum and Archive.

9.2. The courtyard of a Confucian temple in Zizhong, Sichuan.

9.3. Shrine and statue of Confucius in a Confucian temple in Zizhong, Sichuan.

11.1. Nancy Hewins as General Burgoyne in Osiris production of Shaw’s The Devil’s Disciple.

11.2. Osiris company members loading the van with costumes and props in wartime Britain.

14.1. The Merchant of Venice in Auschwitz. Carole Bélanger as Portia, Carol Beaudry as Tubal; Mario Gendron as Shylock, Annick Léger as Bassanio, Robin Denault as Antonio, Mike Brunet as Gratiano, Dan McGarry as Salarino. Théâtre Distinct, 1993.

14.2. The Merchant of Venice in Auschwitz. Mario Gendron as Shylock (in dressing gown), Robin Denault as Antonio, Annick Léger as Bassanio. Production photograph, Théâtre Distinct, 1993.

14.3. The Merchant of Venice in Auschwitz. Carol Beaudry as Tubal, Andre Perrier as Lancelot, Nadine Desrochers as Jessica. Production photograph, Théâtre Distinct, 1993.

15.1. Maciej Wyczański (Hamlet) and Łukasz Lewandowski (Horatio) in Hamlet’44, directed by Paweł Passini, Museum of the Warsaw Uprising, 2008.

15.2. Tomasz Dedek (Claudius), Paweł Pabisiak (Guildenstern), and Michał Czachor (Rozencrantz) in Hamlet’44, directed by Paweł Passini, Museum of the Warsaw Uprising, 2008.

15.3. Maciej Wyczański (Hamlet) and Jan Englert (Ghost) in Hamlet’44, directed by Paweł Passini, Museum of the Warsaw Uprising, 2008.

15.4. Maria Niklińska (Ophelia) and Władysław Kowalski (Polonius) in Hamlet’44, directed by Paweł Passini, Museum of the Warsaw Uprising, 2008.