Index

astrophysics, 63, 96

Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), 77

atomic clock, 68, 78

big bang theory, 35, 61, 97

binary black holes, 59, 63

binary stars, 46, 63

G2, 44, 46

black holes, 5, 28–29

entanglement, 52

event horizon, 22, 31, 46–48, 52–53, 73–76, 83

galaxies, 5, 34–35, 38, 73–74, 81, 87–89, 92, 96–97

gravitational waves, 7, 55, 57, 59, 62

history of black hole theories, 5, 7, 12, 22–23, 25–26

infographics, 46, 56

mass, 5, 12, 23, 34, 38, 59, 92–93

spaghettification, 48

supermassive black holes, 34–35, 61–62, 74, 87, 92

Bohr, Niels, 50–51

Bouman, Katie, 78–82

Continuous High-resolution Image Reconstruction using Patch priors (CHIRP), 79

corpuscles, 12

cosmic explosions, 29

gamma ray bursts, 29, 33

Cygnus X-1, 24–25

dark energy, 60–61

theory of expanding universe, 60

dark matter, 60–61, 70, 91

detection in space, 60

and primordial black holes, 61

Doppler shift, 42

redshift, 60

Eddington, Arthur, 19–20

Einstein, Albert, 7, 14–17, 20–21, 31, 51

and black holes, 5

general theory of relativity, 5, 7, 16–17

special theory of relativity, 14

Einstein-Rosen bridge, 31

electromagnetic spectrum, 10–11, 42–43, 60

infographic, 10

electromagnetic radiation, 12, 29, 56

escape velocity, 9, 22

event horizon, 22, 31, 52–53, 73–76, 83

Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), 75–80, 82–83

Continuous High-resolution Image Reconstruction using Patch priors (CHIRP), 79

Exposition du système du monde (Explanation of the System of the World) (Laplace), 12

Fabian, Andrew, 94

Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, 91–92

Fermi Bubbles, 91–93

Finkbeiner, Douglas, 91–92

Flamm, Ludwig, 30–31

white holes, 31

frame of reference, 15–16

galactic nuclei, 38

galaxies, 4–5, 34–35, 38, 40, 42, 60, 81, 87–88, 92, 96–97

M87, 74, 83, 96

Milky Way, 37–40, 73–75, 89, 91–93, 98

Perseus, 93–96

spiral, 86, 89

Whirlpool, 86, 88

gamma rays, 11, 29, 43, 91

Fermi Bubbles, 91–93

gamma ray bursts, 29, 32–33

GRB 130427A, 32

Ghez, Andrea, 37–41, 44–46

adaptive optics, 40

Global Positioning System (GPS), 68–69

satellites, 68–69

gravitational waves, 7, 54–59, 62–67, 70–71, 73

gravity, 6–9, 16–18, 21–22, 28, 46–48, 57, 60–61, 95

G2, 44, 46

Keck Observatory, 36–37, 40

Sagittarius A*, 44

SO-2, 40

Hawking, Stephen, 49, 52–53

Hawking radiation, 49, 52

quantum theory, 52–53

“Soft Hair on Black Holes,” 53

infographics, 19, 35, 43, 46, 56, 61, 65, 78

interferometry, 79

Interstellar, 30, 47

Kalogera, Vicky, 55–58, 63, 67, 70

Laplace, Pierre-Simon, 12, 22

Exposition du système du monde (Explanation of the System of the World), 12

Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), 55–59, 61–70

binary black hole collisions, 59, 62–63, 70

gravitational waves, 63–67, 70

sound waves, 66–67

mass, 5, 8–9, 12, 17–18, 22–23, 26–27, 38–39, 59

matter, 12–13, 17–18, 21, 31, 50, 89, 97

dark energy, 60–61

dark matter, 70, 91

ordinary matter, 60

Maxwell, James Clerk, 12

electromagnetic radiation, 12

M87 black hole, 74, 83, 96

Michell, John, 9, 12, 98–99

dark stars, 9, 22, 98

Milky Way galaxy, 37–40, 73–75, 89, 91–93, 98

neutron stars, 25, 27, 71

Newton, Isaac, 6–9, 14, 16, 20

laws of motion, 7–8

Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principals of Natural Philosophy), 7–8

nuclear fusion, 22–23, 26, 41

Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 22

optical telescopes, 25

Hubble Space Telescope, 39, 70, 87

Keck telescopes, 36–37, 40

Kitt Peak National Observatory, 87

RAPid Telescopes for Optical Response (RAPTOR), 32–33

Perseus black hole, 93–96

sound waves, 94

Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principals of Natural Philosophy) (Newton), 7–8

profiles

Katie Bouman, 80–81

Andrea Ghez, 45

Vicky Kalogera, 58

Eric Schlegel, 90

Tom Vestrand, 33

quantum entanglement, 51–52

quantum mechanics, 49–50, 52

wave-particle duality, 50

quantum theory, 50–51

radio astronomy, 77

radio waves, 79, 94

radio telescopes, 75, 79

Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), 77

Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), 75–80, 82–83

Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, 75

Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), 76

red giant, 26

redshift, 43, 60

relativity

general theory of relativity, 5, 7, 16–17, 21, 49, 52, 56–58, 69, 83

special theory of relativity, 14, 68

Sagan, Carl, 30, 97

Sagittarius A*, 38, 40–41, 44, 61, 73–76, 78–79, 81–83, 89, 92

Scharf, Caleb, 98

Schlegel, Eric, 86–90

Schwarzchild, Karl, 21–22

Schwarzchild metric, 22

Schwarzchild radius, 22

Shen, Zhiqiang, 75

first image of a black hole, 75–76

singularity, 22, 46, 49

“Soft Hair on Black Holes,” (Hawking, Perry, and Strominger) 53

space-time, 14, 17–18, 20–22, 30, 48, 57, 83

speed of light, 64, 83, 96

stars, 25–27, 40, 42–43, 46, 88–89

death of, 26, 29, 92

formation of, 26, 41, 63, 89, 92

subatomic particles, 23, 50

supernova explosions, 63, 86, 97

telescopes

optical telescopes, 25

radio telescopes, 75, 79

space-based X-ray telescopes, 24, 29

Tyson, Neil deGrasse, 34–35

Uhuru, 24–25

Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), 76

first image of a black hole, 76

Vestrand, Tom, 29, 32–33

Wheeler, John Archibald, 23

white dwarf star, 26–27, 85

wormhole, 30–31

X-ray astronomy, 94

X-ray telescopes, 24–25, 29

Chandra Observatory, 39, 70, 84–87, 94–95