ENDNOTES

CHAPTER ONE

1 Goldensohn, The Nuremberg Interviews, p. 119.
2 Falls, ‘Western Front, 1915-17: Stalemate,’ p. 90.
3 Lamberton, Fighter Aircraft of the 1914-1918 War, p. 134.
4 Sommerfeldt, Hermann Göring ein Lebensbild, p. 22.
5 Ibid., pp. 23-24.
6 Feldflieger-Abteilung 25, Kriegstagebuch entries for 16 November 1915 and 14 March 1916.
7 Gritzbach, Hermann Göring, Werk und Mensch, p. 237.
8 Kofl 1. Armee, Wöchentliche Meldung, 5 November 1916, p. 6.
9 Bruce, British Aeroplanes 1914-1918, p. 276.
10 Ibid., p. 271.
11 Ibid., p. 369.
12 As reported in Royal Flying Corps, War Diary, 30 September 1916, p. 652.
13 Sergeant Cecil Percy John Bromley, twenty-three, of Dover, Kent, was killed in B.E.2d 5760 of 7 Squadron, RFC; he has no known grave [Ref: Hobson, Airmen Died in the Great War 1914-1918, p. 27]; 2/Lt Geoffrey Hunter Wood, also twenty-three, survived the crash and the war. Born July-September 1893 in Frettenham, Norfolk, he enlisted in the army ca. January February 1915, was promoted corporal in the 18th Battalion, Middlesex Regiment, and landed in France 17 November 1915. He qualified as an RFC observer on 9 May 1916 and was promoted temporary 2nd lieutenant, flying officer, RFC, 16 September 1916 and posted to 7 Squadron, RFC. He was promoted lieutenant, RAF on 1 April 1918 [March 1919 RAF List] and received the Silver Wound Badge on 27 April 1918 [Ref: Medal Roll Card].
14 Royal Flying Corps, Combat Casualty List, 2 November 1916.
15 Bruce, op.cit., pp. 361, 363.
16 Royal Flying Corps, Communiqué No. 60, 5 November 1916, p. 2.
17 Campbell, Royal Flying Corps Casualties and Honours During the War of 1914-1917, p. 25.
18 London Gazette, 14 November 1916, 29824, p. 33.
19 Goldensohn, op. cit., p. 119.
20 Manvell & Fraenkel, Goering, p. 25.
21 Butler & Young, Marshal Without Glory, p. 20.
22 Ibid.
23 Ibid.
24 Rasselsteiner Eisenwerks-Gesellschaft AG, Familie Remy, p. 5A.
25 Butler & Young, op.cit.
26 Göring, I. Sterbe-Urkunde, 1872.
27 Rasselsteiner Eisenwerks-Gesellschaft AG, op.cit.
28 Göring, I. Sterbe-Urkunde, 1879.
29 World War I historian and physician Dr. M. Geoffrey Miller kindly responded to the author’s request for a clarification of Ida Göring’s condition: ‘She died of puerperal fever, due to a streptococcal infection of the birth canal leading to blood poisoning. This was a very common cause of death due to transmission of the bacterium from patient to patient because of unclean hands of the midwife or obstetrician, neither of them washed their hands between cases. By its nature, puerperal fever was more common in the lying in hospitals and was less common in home births.’
30 Butler & Young, op.cit., p. 18.
31 Frischauer, The Rise and Fall of Hermann Goering, p. 6.
32 Paul, Wer war Hermann Göring?, p. 33.
33 Ibid.
34 Frischauer, op.cit., pp. 5-6.
35 Ibid., p. 7.
36 Mosley, The Reich Marshal: A Biography of Hermann Goering, p. 1.
37 Ibid.
38 Rosenheim Registereintrag Nr 154 filed on 8 August 1885.
39 According to Rosenheim Einwohnermeldeamt records.
40 Butler & Young, op.cit.
41 Frischauer, op.cit., p. 8.
42 Ibid.
43 Rosenheim Registereintrag Nr 111 filed on 17 May 1890.
44 Rosenheim Einwohnermeldeamt, op.cit.
45 Butler & Young, op.cit.
46 Rosenheim Einwohnermeldeamt, op.cit.
47 Mosley, op.cit., p. 3.
48 Paul, op.cit.
49 Frischauer, op.cit., pp. 8-9.
50 Butler & Young, op.cit., p. 22.
51 Bross, Gespräche mit Göring, p. 46.
52 Butler & Young, op.cit.
53 Frischauer, op.cit., p. 9.
54 Mosley, op.cit., p. 4.
55 U.S. NARA Records Group 319, Entry 134 B, IRR Personnel, Box 64, File XE 002282.
56 Mosley, op.cit., p. 6.
57 Wylie, The Warlord and the Renegade, p. 7.
58 Mosley, op.cit.
59 Paul, op.cit., p. 38.
60 Wylie, op.cit.
61 Gilbert, ‘Hermann Goering, Amiable Psychopath,’ p. 211.
62 Ibid.
63 Paul, op.cit., p. 38.
64 Manvell & Fraenkel, op.cit., p. 23.
65 Butler & Young, op.cit., p. 21
66 Paul, op.cit.
67 Frischauer, op.cit.
68 Gilbert, op.cit.
69 Ibid.
70 Ibid., pp. 211-212.
71 Manvell & Fraenkel, op.cit., p. 23.
72 Ibid.
73 Manvell & Fraenkel, op.cit.

CHAPTER TWO

1 Gritzbach, Hermann Göring, Werk und Mensch, p.232.
2 Ibid., pp. 223-224.
3 Ibid., pp. 224-225.
4 Manvell & Fraenkel, Goering, p. 24.
5 Gilbert, ‘Hermann Goering, Amiable Psychopath,’ p. 213.
6 Gritzbach, op.cit., p. 225.
7 Paul, Wer war Hermann Göring?, p. 39.
8 Gilbert, op.cit
9 Manvell & Fraenkel, op.cit.
10 Gritzbach, op.cit.
11 Frischauer, The Rise and Fall of Hermann Goering, p. 11.
12 ‘… for all its flagrant expansionism and sometimes illiberal undercurrents, in 1848 German nationalism gave rise to little anti-Semitism. Many German states had given Jews full civil rights several decades before (Prussia in 1812) … Article 13 of the basic rights in the German constitution abolished religious requirements for civic rights, which essentially enfranchised the Jews.’ Ref: Rapport, 1848 – Year of Revolution, p. 170.
13 Gritzbach, op.cit.
14 Ibid.
15 Butler & Young, Marshal Without Glory, p. 21, which also notes that Dr. Hermann Epenstein’s Jewish heritage ‘was a matter of less account in Wilhelmine Germany, where Jewish industrialists and financiers who had done much to develop the Reich stood justifiably high in the Imperial order …’
16 Frischauer, op.cit., p. 10.
17 Quoted from a letter to Wolfgang Paul in Wer war Hermann Göring?, p. 33; other Göring genealogical connections mentioned by Decker-Hauff were: Gertrud Freiin [Baroness] von LeFort (1876-1971), major Catholic poet and writer; the Darmstadt and Hamburg Mercks, founders of the Merck pharmaceutical company; Hermann Grimm (1828 1901), author whose concept of the German hero as a mover of history was embraced by the Nazis; Jacob Burckhardt (1818-1897), noted Renaissance cultural historian; and Carl Jacob Burckhardt (1891 1974), Swiss diplomat, historian and president of the International Red Cross.
18 Gilbert, op.cit., p. 212.
19 Frischauer, op.cit., p. 12.
20 Butler & Young, op.cit.
21 Mosley, The Reich Marshal: A Biography of Hermann Goering, p. 6.
22 Gritzbach, op.cit., p. 228.
23 Mosley, op.cit.
24 Gilbert, op.cit.
25 Gritzbach, op.cit., p. 229.
26 Butler &Young, op.cit., p. 22.
27 Mosley, op.cit., p. 8.
28 Ibid., pp. 8-9.
29 Gilbert, op.cit., p. 213.
30 Butler & Young, op.cit.
31 Moncure, Forging the King’s Sword, p. 79.
32 Manvell & Fraenkel, op.cit., p. 27.
33 Moncure, op.cit., p. 80.
34 Ibid.
35 Mosley, op.cit., p. 10.
36 Deutsche Dienststelle, Göring medical summary, sent to the author dated 7 August 2009.
37 Gilbert, op.cit., p. 214.
38 Mosley, op.cit.
39 Ibid.
40 Gritzbach, op.cit., p. 232.
41 Deutsche Dienststelle, op.cit.
42 Mosley, op.cit., p.11.
43 Moncure, op.cit., p. 196.
44 Ibid., p. 6.
45 Gritzbach, op.cit., p. 230; however, Butler & Young, op.cit., p. 23 lists the gift as 2,000 Reichsmarks, the equivalent of £100 at the time; and Frischauer, op.cit., p. 13 agrees with the higher figure, but states that it came from Dr. Hermann Ritter von Epenstein.
46 Ibid., p. 231.
47 Göring, Lebenslauf, p. 1.
48 Butler & Young, op.cit., p. 37.
49 Mosley, op.cit, pp. 11-13.
50 Göring, Personal-Bogen, p. 1.
51 Quoted in Goldensohn, The Nuremberg Interviews, pp. 104-105.
52 Mosley, op.cit., p, 13.
53 Goldensohn, op.cit., p. 104.
54 Göring, Personal-Bogen, op.cit.
55 Deutscher Offizier-Bund, Ehren-Rangliste des ehemaligen Deutschen Heeres, p. 291.
56 Gritzbach, op.cit., p. 233.
57 Göring, Lebenslauf, op.cit., p. 2.
58 Loerzer, Kriegsranglisten-Auszug, 1928.
59 Zuerl, Pour-le-Mérite-Flieger, p. 309.
60 Moncure, op.cit., p. 15.
61 Hildebrand, Die Generale der deutschen Luftwaffe 1935-1945, Vol. II, p. 309.
62 Viktor Stöffler received Deutsche Luftfahrer-Verband [German Air Travellers‘ Association] License No. 174 on 28 March 1912 [Ref: Supf, Das Buch der deutschen Fluggeschichte, Vol. I, p. 567].
63 Hildebrand, op.cit., p. 310.
64 Schiel, Das 4. Badische Infanterie-Regiment ‘Prinz Wilhelm’ Nr. 112, p. 11.
65 Ibid., pp. 11-13.
66 Göring, Kriegsranglisten-Auszug, p. 3.
67 Ibid.
68 O’Connor, Aviation Awards of Imperial Germany and the Men Who Earned Them, Vol. II, p. 11.
69 Ibid.
70 Schiel, op.cit., p. 24.

CHAPTER THREE

1 Private source.
2 Grosz, Aviatik C.I Windsock Datafile 63, pp. 1, 6.
3 Sommerfeldt, Hermann Göring – Ein Lebensbild, p. 16.
4 Loerzer, Lebenslauf, p. 3.
5 Supf, Das Buch der deutschen Fluggeschichte, Vol. II, pp. 105-106.
6 Gritzbach, Hermann Göring, Werk und Mensch, p. 235.
7 Gilbert, ‘Hermann Goering, Amiable Psychopath,’ p. 215.
8 Loerzer, op.cit.
9 Frischauer, The Rise and Fall of Hermann Goering, p. 17; Göring, Kriegsranglisten-Auszug, p. 3.
10 Schiel, Das 4. Badische Infanterie-Regiment ‘Prinz Wilhelm’ Nr. 112, p. 26.
11 Mosley, op.cit., pp. 16-17.
12 Göring, op.cit., pp. 2-3.
13 Gritzbach, op.cit., p. 236.
14 Göring, op.cit., p. 3.
15 Loerzer, Kriegsranglisten-Auszug, p. 3.
16 Sommerfeldt, op.cit., p. 17.
17 Hildebrand, Die Generale der deutschen Luftwaffe 1935-1945, Vol. III, pp. 567-568.
18 Kriegsministerium, Teil 10 Abschnitt B, Flieger Formationen, p. 132.
19 Cron, ‘Organization of the German Luftstreitkräfte,’ p. 55.
20 Hoeppner, Deutschlands Krieg in der Luft, p. 7; Loewenstern & Bertkau, Mobilmachung, Aufmarsch und erster Einsatz der deutschen Luftstreitkräfte im August 1914, p. 1 adds that wartime personnel strength of each unit was fifteen commissioned officers and 117 non-commissioned officers and lower ranking enlisted men.
21 Loewenstern & Bertkau, ibid., p. 2.
22 Ibid.
23 Blum, Kriegsranglisten-Auszug, p. 3.
24 Sommerfeldt, op.cit., p. 18.
25 Loerzer, Lebenslauf, op.cit., pp. 3-4.
26 Lamberton, Reconnaissance and Bomber Aircraft of the 1914-1918 War, p. 220.
27 Reichsarchiv, Kriegstagebuch der königlich preussischen Feldflieger-Abteilung 25, 5 November 1914.
28 Loerzer, Kriegsranglisten-Auszug, op.cit.
29 Neubecker, Für Tapferkeit und Verdienst, p. 28.
30 Göring, op.cit.
31 Blum, op.cit., he received the badge on 1 April 1915.
32 Neubecker, op.cit.
33 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 17 November 1914.
34 Loerzer, Lebenslauf, op.cit., pp. 4-6.
35 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 18 January 1915.
36 Bailey & Cony, The French Air War Chronology, p. 9.
37 Schmidt, Personal-Bogen, p. 4.
38 Ibid., 23 January-17 February 1914.
39 Private source.
40 Grosz, Albatros B.I Windsock Datafile 87, pp. 22, 33.
41 Sommerfeldt, op.cit., pp. 18-19.
42 Göring, op.cit.
43 Loerzer, Kriegsranglisten-Auszug, op.cit.
44 Wilhelm, Meine Erinnerungen aus Deutschlands Heldenkampf, p. 24.
45 Ibid., p. 190.
46 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 19-20 March 1915.
47 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 15 April 1915.
48 Ibid, 22 April 1915.
49 Loerzer, Kriegsranglisten-Auszug, op.cit., p. 3.
50 Neubecker, op.cit., p. 12.
51 O’Connor, Aviation Awards of Imperial Germany and the Men Who Earned Them, Vol. I, p. 7.
52 Neumann, Die deutschen Luftstreitkräfte im Weltkriege, p. 187.
53 Ibid., p. 194.
54 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 22 April-26 May 1915.
55 Feldflieger-Abteilung 25, Tätigkeits-Bericht, 2 June 1916.
56 Keck, Personal-Bogen, p. 2.
57 Ibid., p. 3; Keck later transferred to Flieger-Abteilung (A) 210 and was killed in action over Beaumont, north of Douaumont, on 26 August 1917. Ref: Deutscher Offizier-Bund, Ehren-Rangliste des ehemaligen Deutschen Heeres, p. 975.
58 Ltn.Dr Kurt Wegener received Deutsche Luftfahrer Verband License No. 796 on 22 June 1914. Ref: Supf, Das Buch der deutschen Fluggeschichte, Vol. II, p. 667.
59 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 30 May 1915.
60 Ibid., 3 June 1915.
61 Loerzer, Lebenslauf, op.cit., pp. 6-8.

CHAPTER FOUR

1 Mosley, The Reich Marshal, p. 18.
2 Sommerfeldt, Hermann Göring – Ein Lebensbild, p. 22.
3 Reichsarchiv, Kriegstagebuch der königlich preussischen Feldflieger-Abteilung 25, 4 June 1915.
4 Ibid., 10 June 1915.
5 Hoeppner, Deutschlands Krieg in der Luft, p. 39.
6 Grosz, Fokker E.I/II Windsock Datafile 91, pp. 3-5.
7 Göring, Lebenslauf, p. 3
8 Loerzer, Kriegsranglisten-Auszug, p. 3.
9 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 8 July 1915.
10 O’Connor. Aviation Awards of Imperial Germany and the Men Who Earned Them, Vol. VI, p. 115.
11 Ibid.
12 Loerzer, op.cit.
13 Ibid.
14 Zuerl, Pour-le-Mérite-Flieger, pp. 305-306.
15 Leonhardy, Mit der deutschen Luftfahrt durch dick und dünn, pp. 47-48.
16 Feldflieger-Abteilung 25, Tätigkeits-Bericht, 2 June 1916.
17 Their likely opponents were Sergent Claude Couturier (pilot) and Lieutenant Louis Moisan (observer) of Escadrille MF 2, both of whom were killed in the fight. Ref: Bailey, & Cony, The French Air War Chronology, p. 23.
18 Göring, photo album caption.
19 Liddell Hart, The Real War 1914-1918, p. 188.
20 Kriegsministerium, Teil 10 Abschnitt B, Flieger Formationen, p. 192.
21 Stabsoffizier der Flieger der 3. Armee, Bericht Nr Ia 5821, 28 September 1915.
22 Göring, op.cit.
23 Zuerl, op.cit., p. 310.
24 Mosley, op.cit.
25 Gilbert, ‘Hermann Goering, Amiable Psychopath,’p. 213.
26 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 17 September 1915.
27 Ibid., 23 September 1915.
28 Kriegsministerium, op.cit., pp. 158-159; established on 6 August 1915, the units were Flieger-Abteilung (A) 201, 202, 203, 204, 205 and 206.
29 Wilberg received the civilian Deutsche Luftfahrer Verband [German Air Travelers Association] License No. 26 on 15 September 1910. Ref: Supf, Das Buch der deutschen Fluggeschichte, Vol. I, p. 562.
30 Loewenstern & Bertkau, Mobilmachung, Aufmarsch und erster Einsatz der deutschen Luftstreitkräfte im August 1914, p. 119.
31 Hildebrand, Die Generale der deutschen Luftwaffe 1935-1945, Vol. III, pp. 514.
32 Anonymous, ‘Ein braunschweiger Ritter des Ordens Pour le Mérite – Oberleutnant Hans Berr,‘ pp. 482-484.
33 Leonhardy, op.cit., pp. 48-49.
34 Ibid., p. 47.
35 Göring, Kriegsranglisten-Auszug, p. 3.
36 Göring, Lebenslauf, op.cit.
37 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 2 October-5 December 1915.
38 Loerzer, op.cit.
39 Zuerl, op.cit., p. 548.
40 Siegert, ‘Heeresflugwesen Entwicklung‘ in Die deutschen Luftstreitkräfte im Weltkriege, p. 64.
41 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 3 October 1915.
42 Ibid.
43 Feldflieger-Abteilung 25, op.cit.
44 Bailey, & Cony, op.cit., p. 26.
45 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 4 October 1915.
46 Feldflieger-Abteilung 25, op.cit.
47 Bailey, & Cony, The French Air War Chronology, 11 October 1915.
48 Feldflieger-Abteilung 25, op.cit.
49 Ibid. and confirmed in Stabsoffizier der Flieger der 5. Armee, Bericht Nr 22787, 14 August 1916, p. 1.
50 Bailey, & Cony, op.cit., p. 27.
51 Göring, Kriegsranglisten-Auszug, p. 3.
52 Leonhardy, op.cit., p. 56.
53 Rittmeister Ziegler hailed from the mounted rifle unit Jäger-Regiment zu Pferde Nr. 12 and concluded his service with Bombengeschwader 4, with which he was killed in action on 20 April 1918 [Ref: Deutscher Offizier-Bund, Ehren-Rangliste des ehemaligen Deutschen Heeres, p. 464].
54 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 22 October-6 November 1915.
55 Falls, ‘Western Front, 1915-17: Stalemate,’ p. 86.
56 Ibid., 16 November 1915.
57 Feldflieger-Abteilung 25, op.cit. and confirmed in Stabsoffizier der Flieger der 5. Armee, op.cit.
58 Stabsoffizier der Flieger der 5. Armee, Ibid.
59 Bailey, & Cony, op.cit., p. 29.
60 Despite speculation to the contrary, this officer was not the pilot who became the twenty-seven-victory fighter ace and Pour le Mérite recipient Oberleutnant Fritz Otto Bernert, who was still serving in the infantry when the 16 November 1915 event occurred. Ref: Zuerl, op.cit., p. 50.
61 Stofl 5. Armee, op.cit., Bericht Nr Ia 6524, 3 November 1915.
62 Falls, op.cit.
63 Leonhardy, op.cit., pp. 51-52.

CHAPTER FIVE

1 Quoted in Liddell Hart, The Real War 1914-1918, p. 200.
2 Ibid., p. 201.
3 Falls, ‘Western Front, 1915-17: Stalemate’ in A Concise History of World War I, p. 86.
4 No relation or connection to the major U.S. Corporation by that name.
5 Grosz, AEG G.IV Windsock Datafile 51, p. 1.
6 Reichsarchiv, Kriegstagebuch der königlich preussischen Feldflieger-Abteilung 25, 29-31 January 1916.
7 Leonhardy, Mit der deutschen Luftfahrt durch dick und dünn, pp. 54-55.
8 Liddell Hart, op.cit., pp. 201, 218.
9 Leonhardy, op.cit., p. 54.
10 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 21 February 1916.
11 Liddell Hart, op.cit.
12 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 22 February 1916.
13 Ibid., 26 February 1916.
14 Ibid., 28 February-13 March 1916.
15 Bailey, & Cony, The French Air War Chronology, p. 40.
16 Feldflieger-Abteilung 25, Kampf-Bericht, 14 March 1916 and confirmed in Stabsoffizier der Flieger der 5. Armee, Bericht Nr 22787, 14 August 1916, p. 1.
17 Stabsoffizier der Flieger der 5. Armee, op.cit.
18 Wills, ‘Feldfliegerabteilung 25 – The Eyes of the Kronprinz’ in Cross & Cockade Journal, p. 22.
19 Ibid., p. 23.
20 Davilla, & Soltan, French Aircraft of the First World War, p. 156.
21 Wills, op.cit.
22 Kulenkampff-Post, Reiter unterm Himmel, p. 121.
23 Ibid., p. 106.
24 Ibid., pp. 115-116.
25 Ibid., p. 117.
26 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 4 April 1916.
27 Wills, op.cit., p. 24.
28 Kulenkampff-Post, op.cit., p. 120.
29 Lamberton, Reconnaissance and Bomber Aircraft of the 1914-1918 War, p. 220.
30 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 7 April 1916.
31 Ibid., 17 April 1916.
32 Radloff, & Niemann, ‘The Ehrenbechers – Where are They Now?’ p. 366.
33 Werner, Boelcke – der mensch, der Flieger, der Führer der deutschen Jagdfliegerei, pp. 136-137.
34 Ibid., p. 136.
35 Kriegsministerium, Teil 10 Abschnitt B, Flieger Formationen, p. 158.
36 Stabsoffizier der Flieger der 5. Armee, op.cit., p. 3.
37 Ibid.
38 Loerzer, Kriegsranglisten-Auszug, p. 3.
39 Göring, Kriegsranglisten-Auszug, p. 3.
40 Stabsoffizier der Flieger der 5. Armee, op.cit.
41 Loerzer, op.cit.
42 Leonhardy, op.cit., p. 52.
43 Ibid.
44 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 21 April 1916.
45 Leonhardy, op.cit., p. 53.
46 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 30 April 1916.
47 Richthofen, M. Ein Heldenleben, p. 60.
48 Kulenkampff-Post, op.cit., pp. 123-124.
49 Ibid., p. 124.
50 Zuerl, Pour le Mérite-Flieger, p. 306.
51 Hildebrand, Die Generale der deutschen Luftwaffe 1935-1945, Vol. I, pp. 159-160.
52 Kulenkampff-Post, p. 125.
53 Ibid., p. 126.
54 Ibid., p. 128.
55 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 2 May 1916.
56 Grosz, Albatros C.III Windsock Datafile 13, p. 2.
57 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 17 June 1916.
58 Loerzer, op.cit.
59 Hildebrand, Die Generale der deutschen Luftwaffe 1935 1945, Vol. II, p. 309.
60 Kulenkampff-Post, op.cit., p. 133.
61 Leonhardy, op.cit., pp. 55-56.
62 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 16 May-23 June 1916.
63 Ibid., 9 July 1916.

CHAPTER SIX

1 Kulenkampff-Post, Reiter unterm Himmel, p. 146.
2 Falls, ‘Western Front, 1915-17: Stalemate’ in A Concise History of World War I, p. 86.
3 Liddell Hart, The Real War 1914-1918, p. 223.
4 Oberleutnant Ernst Freiherr von Gersdorff received Deutsche Luftfahrer-Verband License No. 356 on 24 January 1913. Ref: Supf, Das Buch der deutschen Fluggeschichte, Vol. II, p. 663.
5 Perthes, J. Ehrentafel der Kriegsopfer des reichsdeutschen Adels 1914-1918, p. 75.
6 Kulenkampff-Post, op.cit., p. 137.
7 Ibid., p. 138.
8 Reichsarchiv, Kriegstagebuch der königlich preussischen Feldflieger-Abteilung 25, 1 July 1916.
9 Ibid., 9 July 1916.
10 Loerzer, Militärärztliches-Zeugnis, p. 1.
11 Lamberton, W. Fighter Aircraft of the 1914-1918 War, p. 134.
12 FAA 203, Kampf-Bericht Nr. 605 by Leutnant Göring, 15 July 1916.
13 Lamberton, op.cit., pp. 218, 216.
14 FAA 203, Kriegstagebuch [War Diary] entry, 16 July 1916.
15 Bailey & Cony, The French Air War Chronology, p. 59.
16 Lamberton, op.cit., p. 92.
17 Kulenkampff-Post, op,cit., pp. 141-142.
18 FAA 203, Kriegstagebuch, op.cit. 22 July 1916.
19 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 23 July 1916.
20 Feldflieger-Abteilung 71 Metz, Tätigkleits-Bericht Nr. 334/16, 30 September 1916.
21 Kriegsministerium, Teil 10 Abschnitt B, Flieger Formationen, p. 138.
22 Loewenstern & Bertkau, Mobilmachung, Aufmarsch und erster Einsatz der deutschen Luftstreitkräfte im August 1914, pp. 5-6.
23 Kulenkampff-Post, op,cit., p. 143.
24 FAA 203, Combat Report No. 616 by Leutnant Göring, 24 July 1916.
25 Feldflugchef Bericht Nr. 22305 to Stofl 5, 9 August 1916.
26 Metz Gouvernment, Befehl, Ausgabe B, 31 July 1916.
27 Bailey & Cony, op.cit. p. 62.
28 FAA 203, Kriegstagebuch, op.cit., addendum, 2 August 1916.
29 Feldflieger-Abteilung 71 Metz, op.cit.
30 Göring, Kriegsranglisten-Auszug, p. 3.
31 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 5 August 1916.
32 Ibid., 6-8 August 1916.
33 Kulenkampff-Post, op.cit., p. 146.
34 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 9 August 1916.
35 Ibid., 12 August 1916.
36 Falls, op.cit., p. 88.
37 Reichsarchiv, op.cit., 14 August 1916.
38 Kriegsministerium, op.cit., p. 234.
39 Kulenkampff-Post, op.cit., p. 150.
40 Feldflieger-Abteilung 71 Metz, op.cit.
41 Supf, Das Buch der deutschen Fluggeschichte, Vol. I, pp. 435, 498.
42 Franks, Bailey & Guest, Above the Lines, p. 143.
43 Feldflieger-Abteilung 71 Metz, op.cit.
44 Ibid.
45 Göring, op.cit.
46 Franks, Bailey & Duiven, The Jasta Pilots, pp. 20-21.
47 Neumann, Die Deutschen Luftstreitkräfte im Weltkriege, p. 5; Zuerl, Pour-le-Mérite-Flieger, p. 227 lists him as having commanded the 75th Reserve Division; Deutscher Offizier-Bund, Ehren-Rangliste des ehemaligen Deutschen Heeres, p. 37 lists him as holding a command in the 4th Kavallerie-Brigade.
48 Hoeppner, Deutschlands Krieg in der Luft, p. 82.
49 Kriegsministerium, op.cit., pp. 234-239.
50 Merrill, G. Jagdstaffel 5 – Volume One, p. 6.
51 Ibid.
52 Franks, Bailey & Guest, op.cit., p. 71.
53 Reichsarchiv, Kriegstagebuch der königlich preussischen Jagdstaffel 5, 21 October 1916.
54 Ibid., 22 October 1916.
55 Franks, Bailey & Guest, op.cit.
56 Ibid., p. 169.
57 Jones, The War in the Air, Vol. II, p. 309.
58 Reichsarchiv, KTB Jasta 5, op.cit., 23 October 1916.
59 Jones, op.cit., pp. 310-311.
60 Kommandeur der Flieger der 1. Armee, Wochenbericht, 28 October 1916.
61 Zuerl, op.cit., p. 59.
62 Royal Flying Corps, War Diary, 2 November 1916, p. 762.
63 Sommerfeldt, Hermann Göring ein Lebensbild, p. 23.
64 RFC, War Diary, op.cit.
65 Deutsche Dienststelle, Göring medical summary, sent to the author dated 7 August 2009.
66 Göring, op.cit.
67 Gritzbach, Hermann Göring Werk und Mensch, p. 238.
68 Göring, op.cit.
69 Loerzer, Lebenslauf, p. 9.
70 Franks, Bailey & Guest, op.cit., p. 143.
71 Ref: Deutscher Offizier-Bund, Ehren-Rangliste des ehemaligen Deutschen Heeres, p. 601.
72 Theilhaber, Jüdische Flieger im Weltkrieg, p. 66.
73 Zuerl, Pour-le-Mérite-Flieger, p. 310.

CHAPTER SEVEN

1 Quoted in Mosley, The Reich Marshal: A Biography of Hermann Goering, p. 31.
2 Göring, Kriegsranglisten-Auszug, p. 2.
3 Mosley, op.cit., p. 24
4 Ibid.
5 Ibid., p. 25.
6 Ibid., pp. 25-26.
7 Ibid., p. 25
8 Butler & Young, Marshal Without Glory, p. 33.
9 Mosley, op.cit., p. 25
10 Quoted in ibid., p. 26.
11 Kriegsministerium, Teil 10 Abschnitt B, Flieger Formationen, pp. 238-239.
12 Göring, op.cit., p. 3.
13 Quoted in Mosley, op.cit., p. 31.
14 Grosz, Albatros D.III – A Windsock Datafile Special, p. 1.
15 Franks, Bailey & Guest, Above the Lines, p. 156.
16 Ibid., p. 157.
17 Kogenluft, Nachrichtenblatt der Luftstreitkräfte, Nr. 7, 12 April 1917, p. 11.
18 Jasta 26, Flieger-Bericht by Leutnant Göring, 16 March 1917.
19 Grosz, op.cit., pp. 4-5.
20 Jasta 26, Flieger-Bericht Nr. 93 by Leutnant Göring, 18 March 1917.
21 Jagdstaffel 26, Kriegstagebuch I, 11 April 1917.
22 Morris, Bloody April, p. 15.
23 Kilduff, Red Baron – The Life and Death of an Ace, pp. 242-245.
24 Jones, The War in the Air, Vol III, p. 323.
25 Royal Flying Corps, War Diary, daily weather reports, April 1917, pp. 110-197.
26 Jones, op.cit., p. 359.
27 Royal Flying Corps, War Diary, 23 April 1917, pp. 164-169.
28 Jasta 26, KTB I, 23 April 1917.
29 Kogenluft, Nachrichtenblatt, Nr. 12, 17 May 1917, p. 11.
30 Jasta 26, Flieger-Bericht Nr. 132 by Leutnant Göring, 23 April 1917.
31 Royal Flying Corps, Combat Casualty List, 23 April 1917.
32 12/Lt Edmund Leonard Zink, born 21 February 1899 in London, enlisted under-age, giving his year of birth as 1897, commissioned T/2Lt. In 10 (Res.) Bn., Suffolk Regt., 7 October 1915; transferred to RFC on 12 April 1916 and posted to 12 Reserve Squadron, RFC; assigned to 64 Reserve Squadron. RFC on 20 August 1916; received Royal Aero Club flying certificate on 27 September 1916; assigned to British Expeditionary Force on 13 November 1916, then to 18 Squadron. RFC on 14 November 1916; wounded in action / gunshot wound on 23 April 1917; assigned to light duties on 5 June 1917; Instructor, 18 Squadron. RFC, No. 2 Auxiliary School of Gunnery, BEF on 26 June 1917; declared fit for general service, 29 June 1917; No. 35 Training School, BEF, 3 December 1917; No.1 School of Aerial Fighting, Turnberry, 15 January 1918; promoted 1/Lt. 1 April 1918; to BEF, 18 August 1918 and promoted T/Capt; appointed A Flight Commander, 32 Squadron, 12 August 1918 [Ref: National Archives file WO 76/567].
33 George Beaumont Bate, twenty-two, of Bersham, near Wrexham, Denbighshire, died as a result of wounds received in F.E.2b A.823 of 18 Squadron, RFC; he was educated at Downside School, Somerset, 1909-1911; accepted as Private 6754 in 19 Bn. (Public Schools) Royal Fusiliers, April 1915; to BEF 14 November 1915; commissioned T2/Lt., 9 Bn. Loyal North Lancs., 25 September 1916; to No.1 School of Aeronautics 12 March 1917; appointed Observer 13 March 1917; to School of Aerial Gunnery, Hythe, 20 March 1917; to BEF as aviation observer 5 April 1917; died of wounds 29 April 1917 [Ref: National Archives file WO 76/567, BMD, Army List; Air Force List; CWGC].
34 Hobson, Airmen Died in the Great War 1914-1918, p. 22.
35 Graham, Downside and the War 1914-1919, p. 173.
36 Royal Flying Corps, War Diary, op.cit.
37 Jasta 26, KTB I, op.cit.
38 Jones, op.cit., p. 366.
39 Jasta 26, Flieger-Bericht Nr. 149 by Leutnant Göring, 28 April 1917.
40 Kogenluft, op.cit., p. 12.
41 Clifford Mansel Reece, born 17 November 1894, educated at Rossall School, Fylde, Lancs. to 1913; Magdalene College, 1913; commissioned Lt., 1/4 Bn. Cheshire Regiment, 10 October 1914; posted to Oxford, 25 September 1916; 8 Reserve Squadron, RFC on 8 November 1916; to 55 Squadron, 11 December 1916; WIA 13 January 1917; School of Aerial Gunnery, Hythe 13.2.17; flight officer, 43 Reserve Squadron, 9 March 1917; 28 Reserve Squadron, 25 March 1917; to 43 Squadron. RFC, 31 March 1917; reported missing in action 28 April 1917; reported unwounded and prisoner of war at Gustren, Schweidnitz (Silesia), 28 April 1917; promoted Lt., 1 July 1917; repatriated 14 January 1919 Ref: BMD; Rossall School Register; London Gazette; War List of the University of Cambridge 1914-1919; TNA WO 76/567; Army List; Air Force List].
42 William E. Moult, born in 1888 in Nottinghamshire; enlisted as Private, No. 12375, 9 Bn. Notts. & Derbyshire Regt., 12 August 1914; posted to Gallipoli, 1 July 1915; wounded in action / gunshot wound / arm in Gallipoli, 9 August 1915; hospitalized in Malta; admitted No.6 General Hospital at Rouen, 12 October 1916; discharged to No.2 Convalescent Depot, Rouen, 15 October 1916; discharged to base depot, Calais, 6 November 1916; posted to France, 19 March 1917; enlisted RFC, 19 March 1917; 2/AM No. 77562, 19 March 1917; aerial gunner; reported missing in action 28 April 1917; repatriated from Germany, arrived POW Reception Camp, Ripon, 17 December 1918 [Ref: National Archives file AIR 79/704; Medal Roll].
43 Jasta 26, Flieger-Bericht Nr. 155 by Leutnant Göring, 29 April 1917.
44 Albert Henry (‘Harry’) Victor Fletcher, born 24 May 1893 in Durban, South Africa; entered Royal Naval Air Service on 11 February 1916 and commissioned temporary flight sub-lieutenant (probationary); assigned for flight instruction at Chingford, 18 February 1916; as flight sub-Lt. RN received Aviator’s Certificate 2853 on a Grahame-White biplane at RNAS Chingford, 11 May 1916; assigned as aeroplane pilot at Cranwell, 16 June 1916; Eastchurch Gunnery School, 18 June 1916; Dover, 3 July 1916; Eastchurch Observer School cancelled due to sickness; classified as fit for active service, 1 September 1916; Dover 9 March 1917; posted to 6 Squadron. RNAS, Dunkirk, reported to be ‘an efficient and reliable officer, has flown at night’, [ten hours flight time] 1 April 1917; Dunkirk ‘capable and zealous officer’, [hours flown: 22 hours 20 minutes], 1 July 1917; declared missing after offensive patrol (in Clerget-powered Nieuport, N.3192): wounded/POW in Germany, 9 July 1917; promoted flight-lieutenant, 31 December 1917; WO Report: Arrived at Hague for repatriation to England, 14 January 1918; arrived London, 20 January 1918; left leg amputated at Queen Alexandra’s Military Hospital, 21 January 1918 [Ref: National Archives ADM 273/8, p.177].
45 Robertson, B. British Military Aircraft Serials 1911-1971, pp. 27-72.
46 Kogenluft, op.cit.
47 Göring, ‘Aus dem Tagebuch eines Jagdfliegers,‘ pp. 209-211.
48 RFC, War Diary, 10 May 1917, p. 235.
49 Franks, Bailey & Duiven, Casualties of the German Air Service 1914-1920, p. 211.
50 Hobson, op.cit., pp. 83, 57.
51 RFC, Combat Casualty List, 10 May 1917.
52 Hobson, op.cit., pp. 57, 58.
53 RFC, Combat Casualty List, op.cit.
54 Ibid., pp. 105, 25.
55 RFC, Combat Casualty List, op.cit.
56 Kogenluft, op.cit., p. 13.
57 Kogenluft, Nachrichtenblatt, Nr. 16, 14 June 1917, p. 28.
58 Zuerl, Pour-le-Mérite-Flieger, pp. 71-75.
59 Kriegsministerium, op.cit.
60 Tornuss, Jagdstaffel 27 Kriegstagebuch abstract, p. 1.
61 Kommandeur der Flieger der 4. Armee, Wöchentliche Meldung B-Nr 12690/19, 18 February 1917, p. 1.
62 Ibid., p. 7.
63 Wieland, Personal-Bogen, pp. 2-4
64 Jasta 27 last reported in the 4th Army Sector in Kofl 4, Meldung B-Nr 14790/197, 25 March 1917, p. 1.
65 Kommandeur der Flieger der 6. Armee, Wöchentliche Tätigkeitsbericht Nr 25000, 30 March 1917, p. 1a.
66 Ibid., Verzeichnis Nr. 25940, 14 April 1917, pp. 1-2.
67 Ibid., Schutzstaffeln 17, 19 and 27.
68 Ibid., Flieger-Abteilung 48b and Artillerie-Flieger Abteilungen 211, 224 and 235.
69 Lamberton, Fighter Aircraft of the 1914-1918 War, p. 112.
70 Helmuth Dilthey was born on 9 February 1894 in the Rhineland city of Rheydt. In November 1914, aged twenty, he enlisted in the Fliegertruppe and began training at the school run by the Rumpler Luftfahrzeugbau Johannisthal, near Berlin. Upon completion of his pilot’s qualifications, Dilthey was transferred to the German 10th Army’s Air Park on the Eastern Front. Assigned to Flieger-Abteilung 50, he flew many bombing missions against Russian troops. In view of his aggressive nature, Leutnant der Reserve Dilthey was transferred to Jagdstaffelschule I in Valenciennes in March 1917. He was assigned to Jasta 27 a month later. After attaining his sixth confirmed victory, on 5 February 1918, Dilthey was appointed to lead Jasta 40. He was killed in combat on 9 July 1918. [Ref: von Langsdorff, Flieger am Feind pp. 214, 340].
71 Dilthey, ‘In der Staffel Göring,‘ p. 214.

CHAPTER EIGHT

1 Göring, ‘Aus dem Tagebuch eines Jagdfliegers,‘ p. 214.
2 Liddell Hart, The Real War 1914-1918, p. 329.
3 Jones, The War in the Air, Vol. IV, p. 112.
4 Liddell Hart, op.cit., p. 331.
5 Göring, ‘Luftkämpfe,’ pp. 287-288.
6 Hildebrand, Die Generale der deutschen Luftwaffe, vol. I, p. 370.
7 Gritzbach, Hermann Göring, Werk und Mensch, 1937.
8 According to Royal Flying Corps, War Diary, 2 June 1917, p. 307.
9 Jagdstaffel 27, Kriegstagebuch III, op.cit., 2 June 1917.
10 Ibid. and Kofl 6. Armee, Wöchentlichlicher Tätigkeits Bericht Nr. 469 I, 8 June 1917, p. 1.
11 Tornuss, Jagdstaffel 27 Kriegstagebuch abstract, p. 2; Kofl 6. Armee, op.cit., p. 6; and Kogenluft, Nachrichtenblatt der Luftstreitkräfte, Nr. 20, 12 July 1917, p. 80.
12 Jasta 27, KTB III, op.cit., 5 June 1917.
13 Jasta 27, Flieger-Bericht by Leutnant Göring, 5 June 1917.
14 Kogenluft, op.cit.
15 Ibid., and Jasta 27, Flieger-Bericht by Leutnant Göring, 8 June 1917.
16 Jasta 27, Flieger-Bericht by Leutnant Göring, 9 June 1917.
17 Ibid., 16 June 1917.
18 Kommandeur der Flieger der 4. Armee, Meldung B-Nr 22090, 22 June 1917, p. 1.
19 Jasta 27, KTB III, op.cit., 24 June 1917.
20 RFC, War Diary, op.cit., p. 375.
21 Frank Dilloway Slee, born 20 August 1893 in Fremantle, Western Australia, educated at Perth High School; enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force (AIF), 30 June 1915; accepted as private No.3077, 16th Inf. Bn., Depot, 7-15 1915; promoted Sergeant, 16th Inf. Bn., 10 August 1915; sent overseas 13 October 1915; reported sick, sent to Abbassia Hospital in Cairo, Egyptian Expeditionary Force, 9 November 1915; 16 Inf. Bn., Tel el Kebir, 1 December 1915; 48th Inf. Bn., reverted to private, 8 March 1916; promoted sergeant 9 March 1916; CSM (WO Class 2), 20 March 1916; HMT Caledonia, departed Alexandria, 2 August 1916, arrived Marseilles, 9 August 1916; discharged AIF to No. 3 School of Instruction, RFC, Oxford (Exeter College), 10 November 1916; commissioned T/2Lt, RFC,16 March 1917; 8 Reserve Squadron, RFC at Netheravon, 20 March 1917; 55 Reserve Squadron, RFC at Yatesbury (Wilts.), 17 May 1917; posted to 1 Squadron. RFC at Bailleul, 2 June 1917; MIA/POW, 8 June 1917; POW at Freiburg, Karlsruhe; repatriated to UK, 5 December 1918 [Ref: Australian National Archives: http://naa12.naa.gov.au/scripts/Imagine.asp, London Gazette, TNA WO 76/567, Army List, Air Force List].
22 Kofl 4, Meldung B-Nr 20652/17, 9 June 1917, p. 6.
23 Göring, ‘Aus dem Tagebuch‘, op.cit. pp. 212-214.
24 RFC, 1 Squadron Record Book, 8 June 1918.
25 Franks, Bailey, & Duiven, Casualties of the German Air Service 1914-1920, p. 215.
26 Slee, ‘The Day Goering Nearly Copped It.’ p. 2.
27 Ibid.
28 Jasta 27, KTB III, op.cit., 8 June 1917.
29 Göring, photo album caption.
30 Bronnenkant, The Imperial Eagles in World War I – Their Postcards and Pictures, p. 301.

CHAPTER NINE

1 Göring, “Luftkämpfe,” pp. 291.
2 Liddell Hart, The Real War 1914-1918, p, 339.
3 Jagdstaffel 27, Kriegstagebuch III, 16 July 1917.
4 Kogenluft, Nachrichtenblatt der Luftstreitkräfte, Nr. 25, 16 August 1917, p. 157.
5 Jasta 27, Flieger-Bericht by Leutnant Göring, 16 August 1917.
6 Robert Gordon Jardine, born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on 20 July 1888; educated at Ridley College, Ontario [Ref: CWGC Arras Memorial; Flight magazine; ADM 340/314].
7 Dilthey, ‘In der Staffel Göring,’ pp. 211-212.
8 Lamberton, Fighter Aircraft of the 1914-1918 War, p. 74.
9 Collishaw, Air Command – A Fighter Pilot’s Story, p. 125.
10 Royal Flying Corps, Combat Casualty List, 24 July 1917.
11 Kogenluft, op.cit.
12 Zuerl, Pour-le-Mérite-Flieger, p. 547.
13 Ascheberg was one of the first nine air observers, trained by Wilhelm Grade, brother of German aviation pioneer Hans Grade [Ref: Supf, Das Buch der deutschen Fluggeschichte, Vol. 1, p. 504]; later Ascheberg received Deutsche Luftfahrer-Verband License No. 383 on 22 April 1913 [Ref: Supf, Das Buch der deutschen Fluggeschichte, Vol. 2, p. 663].
14 On 19 April 1917 [Ref: Kriegsministerium, Teil 10 Abschnitt B, Flieger-Formationen, p. 122].
15 Gruppenführer der Flieger 15, Ordens-Vorschlag 124/9, 28 July 1917.
16 Hauptquartier der 4. Armee, Communiqué B.Nr. 27358/2 Ia, 13 August 1917.
17 Reichsarchiv, Kriegstagebuch der königlich preussischen Jagdstaffel 27, p. 2.
18 Ibid.
19 Kommandeur der Flieger der 4. Armee, Wochenbericht B-Nr 27466/17, 9 August 1917, p. 8.
20 Jasta 27, Flieger-Bericht by Leutnant Göring, 5 August 1917.
21 Gilbert Budden, born October/December 1890 in Leamington, Warwickshire; educated at Manchester University, B.Sc (Engineering) 1909-1912; accepted into officers training corps; commissioned T2/Lt., No.12 Company, Royal Engineers, 24 April 1915; promoted T/Lt., 29 June 1916; appointed flying officer, Royal Flying Corps, 6 February 1917; WIA, 5 August 1917; listed as lieutenant, Royal Air Force, 1 April 1918; declared unfit due to a gunshot wound, 5 April 1918; dispersed, 14 September 1919. [Ref: BMD; Army List; Air Force List; AIR file 76/65].
22 Royal Flying Corps, Combat Casualty List, 5 August 1917.
23 Hauptquartier der 4. Armee, Täglicher Bericht der Gruppe Jeperen, 15 August 1917.
24 Kommandeur der Flieger der 4. Armee, Meldung B Nr 23592/19, 6 July 1917, p. 1.
25 Kofl 4, Wochenbericht B-Nr 116 op, 30 August 1917, p. 2.
26 Ibid., p. 11.
27 Orlando Clive Bridgeman, born 29 November 1898 in Donington, Shifnal, Shropshire; educated at Harrow School; entered OCB, Denham, 8 October 1916; 2 School of Aeronautics, 26 January 1917; posted to 23 Reserve Squadron, 14 March 1917; commissioned T/2Lt (on probation), Royal Flying Corps, 17 March 1917; posted to B Squadron. Central Flying School, 10 April 1917; assigned as flying officer to 70 Squadron, 19 June 1917; WIA, 5 August 1917; declared unfit for general service by medical board, 4 October 1917; assigned light duties by medical board, 5 November 1917; HQ NTB, 7 December 1917; declared fit for general service after one month’s high flying, medical board, 29 December 1917; assigned as instructor, 80 Squadron, RFC, 27 January 1918; appointed B Flight commander, 80 Squadron, 28 March 1918; promoted acting captain, 6 April 1918; awarded Military Cross [for action against Jasta 11 on 10 May 1918]; admitted, No.14 General Hospital Wimereaux, 27 August 1918; Southeast Area for dispersal, 29 September 1918; assigned to 204 Training Depot Squadron, Eastchurch, September 1918; Royal Navy Hospital, Chatham, 28 February 1919 [Ref: London Gazette; TNA, AIR 76/54; Army List; Air Force List].
28 RFC, Combat Casualty List, 25 August 1917.
29 Kogenluft, Korrespondenz Nr. 889 A I, 1 September 1917.
30 O’Connor, Aviation Awards of Imperial Germany and the Men Who Earned Them, Vol. II, p. 62.
31 Ibid., p. 219.
32 Royal Flying Corps, Periodical Summary of Aeronautical Information No. 12, 8 August 1917, p. 7.
33 RFC, Summary No. 14, 23 August 1917, p. 7.
34 RFC, Summary No. 15, 31 August 1917, p. 6.
35 Kofl 4, Wochenbericht B-Nr 192 op, 13 September 1917, p. 9.
36 Georges Marie Guillon, born 2 May 1890 in Brussels, Belgium; educated at the Institute of St Louis in Brussels, 1898-1911, then University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 1914-1915; enlisted in 4th University Company, 19th Alberta Dragoons; commissioned Lt., 57 Bn. Militia, 22 March 1916; eventually assigned as Lt/ flight officer (observer), 25 August 1917; while with 57 Squadron, WIA 3 September 1917; declared unfit for general service, 21 September 1917; declared fit as pilot for training in Egypt, 5 December 1917; assigned as pilot instructor in Egypt, 1 December 1917; army observer, Hythe, 1 April 1918; School of Aerial Gunnery; posted to 96 Squadron, 7 May 1918; 3 School of Aeronautics, 22 July 1918; attached to HQ, 32 Wing, 7 August 1918; 18 TDS, 22 August 1918; 18 Training Depot Squadron, 25 September 1918; 3 School of Navigation and Bomb Dropping Middle East, 17 March 1919 [Ref: National Archives of Canada, CEF Attestation List; Army List, Air Force List; TNA AIR 76/199].
37 Kogenluft, Nachrichtenblatt, Nr. 33, 11 October 1917, p. 306.
38 Tornuss, Jagdstaffel 27 Kriegstagebuch abstract, p. 3
39 Jasta 27, Flieger-Bericht B.Nr. 1960/17 by Leutnant Göring, 21 September 1917.
40 Ibid.
41 2/Lt Ralph Luxmore Curtis, age nineteen, died of his wounds and was buried at Harlebeke, Belgium [Ref: Hobson, Airmen Died in the Great War 1914-1918, p. 38].
42 RFC, Combat Casualty List, 21 September 1917.
43 Kogenluft, Nachrichtenblatt, Nr. 34, 18 October 1917, p. 328.
44 Nebel qualified for Kgl. Bayer. Inspektion des Luftund Kraftfahrwesens [Royal Bavarian air and land transport] License No. 178 on 15 August 1912 [Ref: Supf, Das Buch der deutschen Fluggeschichte, Vol. II, p. 481; Nebel, Die Narren von Tegel, pp. 30-31].
45 Nebel, ibid., p. 40.
46 Reichsarchiv, Jagdstaffel 27, 26 September-18 October 1917.
47 Kogenluft, Ordens-Vorschlag Nr. 109/10.17, 8 October 1917.
48 O’Connor, op.cit., p. 132.
49 Göring, Kriegsranglisten-Auszug, p. 10.
50 Liddell Hart, op.cit., p. 342.
51 Göring, “Luftkämpfe,” pp. 289-292.
52 Jagdstaffel 27, Kriegstagebuch V, 21 October 1917.
53 84 Squadron, RFC, Combat Report by Capt Leask, 21 October 1917.
54 Bodenschatz, Jagd in Flanderns Himmel, p. 161.
55 Kogenluft, Nachrichtenblatt, Nr. 38, 15 November 1917, p. 414.
56 Arthur Ernest Hempel, born 3 April 1892 (possibly 1895) in St. Kilda, Victoria, Australia; enlisted in Melbourne on 14 September 1914 as Private 1025, 7 Bn. Australian Imperial Force; promoted corporal, 28 September 1914; eventually sent to 3 School of Military Aeronautics, Oxford, 5 March 1917; discharged from AIF / enlisted RFC, 16 March 1916; commissioned 2/Lt (on probation), Central Flying School, RFC Upavon, 17 March 1917; appointed flying officer, RFC, Sleaford, Lincs., 3 July 1917; posted to 84 Squadron. RFC, 14 August to 21 October 1917; POW, 21 October 1917 to 17 December 1918; sent to Australia, n.d [Ref: Air Force List; AIF Embarkation Lists (AWM); AIR 76/220; AIF Record of Service, http://naa12.naa.gov.au/scripts/Imagine.asp].

CHAPTER TEN

1 Jagdstaffel 27, Bericht B-Nr 2259/17, 1 November 1917.
2 Jasta 27, Kriegstagebuch V, 30 October 1917.
3 Liddell Hart, The Real War 1914-1918, pp. 342-343.
4 Jones, The War in the Air, Vol. IV, p. 228.
5 Bodenschatz, Jagd in Flanderns Himmel, p. 163.
6 Weather report in Royal Flying Corps, Communiqué No. 112, 7 November 1917, p. 2.
7 Jasta 27, Bericht op.cit.
8 Hildebrand, K. Die Generale der deutschen Luftwaffe 1935-1945, Vol. I, p. 370.
9 Franks, Bailey & Guest, Above the Lines, pp. 117, 156.
10 Franks, Bailey & Duiven, The Jasta Pilots, pp. 294, 291.
11 Jagdstaffel 27, Kriegstagebuch, 7 November 1917.
12 Royal Flying Corps, 32 Squadron Record Book, 7 November 1917.
13 Ibid.
14 Kogenluft, Nachrichtenblatt der Luftstreitkräfte, Nr. 41, 6 December 1917, p. 455.
15 RFC, op.cit.; Viscount Glentworth’s later demise, while flying as a captain with 32 Squadron on 18 May 1918, had no connection with Hermann Göring [Ref: Hobson, C. Airmen Died in the Great War 1914-1918, p. 144].
16 Jasta 27, KTB VI, 19 November – 5 December 1917.
17 Weather report in RFC, Communiqué No. 115, 29 November 1917, p. 3.
18 Kommandeur der Flieger der 4. Armee, Tagesbefehl Nr. 132, 12 November 1917, p. 2.
19 Willy Rosenstein was born on 28 January 1892 in Stuttgart, capital of the Kingdom of Württemberg. On 15 August 1911, he began flight training at flight pioneer Edmund Rumpler’s flying school at Johannisthal, near Berlin. Rosenstein became associated with early military aviation and, after qualifying for Deutsche Luftfahrer Verband (DLV) private pilot's licence No. 170 on 14 March 1912, he was hired by Dr. Rumpler to teach small groups of military officers how to fly and he joined them in such prestigious events as the national competition in Berlin in 1912. He was decorated by early aviation supporter Carl Eduard, Duke of Saxe Coburg-Gotha, on 7 August 1913 and a year later, repaid the duke’s generosity by enlisting in the 6. Thüringisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 95 in Gotha. On 24 August 1914, to gain his military indoctrination, Rosenstein was posted to the Militär Fliegerschule in Gotha. Rosenstein completed his military aviation requirements at Flieger-Ersatz Abteilung 5 at Hannover, where he was promoted to Unteroffizier on 18 October and received his military pilot’s badge on 22 October. He was promoted to Vizefeldwebel and appointed Offizierstellvertreter on 24 November. Rosenstein was posted to the German 5th Army’s air park at Montmédy on 11 January 1915 and then to Flieger Abteilung 19, where he flew combat missions in Fokker and Pfalz Eindeckers. Commissioned Leutnant der Reserve on 17 February 1916, he was wounded in aerial combat in April and then posted to training duties at FEA 10 at Böblingen on 31 May 1916. He was returned to combat flying on 17 September and posted to the German 5th Army’s air park. Rosenstein was posted to Jagdstaffel 9 on 7 October 1916 and remained there until 13 February 1917, when he was transferred to Jasta 27, where he scored his first two aerial victories. Assigned to an aviation observer school on 10 December 1917, he was reassigned to the home defence command on 5 January 1918. He flew against enemy aircraft attacking the German homeland, first with Kampfeinsitzerstaffel 1a based in Mannheim and then Kest 1b out of Freiburg. During the latter assignment, on 31 May, he shot down an Airco D.H.4 attacking Karlsruhe, for which he was later awarded Grand Duchy of Baden’s Knight’s Cross Second Class of the Order of the Zähringer Lion. He was posted to Jasta 40 on 2 July 1918 and served with that unit for the remainder of the war [Ref: Gill, ‘The Albums of Willy Rosenstein,’ pp. 289-334; Supf, Das Buch der deutschen Fluggeschichte, Vol. I, pp. 499, 566; Theilhaber, Jüdische Flieger im Weltkrieg, pp. 76-78; Rosenstein, Personal Bogen].
20 This victory, over an Airco D.H.4, is not listed in Kogenluft, Nachrichtenblatt, Vol. I, Nr. 34, 18 October 1917, p. 328. However, Rosenstein’s Personal-Bogen [service record] lists the Kogenluft confirmation number Fl.IIIc 113092, which indicates the victory was, indeed, credited to him.
21 Quoted in O’Connor, Aviation Awards of Imperial Germany and the Men Who Earned Them, Vol. IV, p. 181.
22 Gill, op.cit., p. 311.
23 Kofl 4. Armee, Tagesbefehl Nr. 159, 9 December 1917, p. 1.
24 Göring, Letter of, 1 January 1918 (in USAMHI Göring papers).
25 Kofl 4. Armee, Tagesbefehl Nr. 168, 19 December 1917, p. 1.
26 Kofl 4. Armee, Tagesbefehl Nr. 198, 18 January 1918, p. 2.
27 Göring, photo album.
28 Kofl 4. Armee, Tagesbefehl Nr. 199, 19 January 1918.
29 O’Connor, Aviation Awards of Imperial Germany and the Men Who Earned Them, Vol. VI, pp. 17-19.
30 Kofl 4. Armee, Tagesbefehl Nr. 231, 20 February 1918, p. 1.
31 Zuerl, Pour-le-Mérite-Flieger, p. 311.
32 Bodenschatz, Jagd in Flanderns Himmel, p. 16.
33 Göring, ‘A Gallant British Airman,’ p. 193.
34 Ibid.
35 Ibid.
36 Ibid.
37 2/Lt George Barton Craig, born 1895 in Vancouver, British Columbia; enlisted in RFC, Toronto, April 1917; training at Camp Borden; commissioned T/2Lt (probationary), General List, 23 July 1917; Training Battalion to Central Flying School, 5 August 1917; 28 TD(S?), 16 August 1917; designated flight officer, 3 September 1917; assigned to 45 Squadron, RFC, 16 September 1917, posted to France; transferred to 60 Squadron and appointed acting flight commander, C Flight, February 1917, reported MIA/killed, 21 February 1918; buried in Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery, Moorsele, Belgium, 18 March 1918 [Ref: S.K. Taylor files; Air Force List; London Gazette; TNA WO 76/567; CWGC].
38 2/Lt William Morley Kent was a native of Bathurst, New Brunswick; he is buried at Moorsele [Ref: Hobson, Airmen Died in the Great War 1914-1918, p. 62].
39 RFC, Combat Casualty List, 21 February 1918.
40 Kofl 4. Armee, Wochenbericht Abt. Ia Nr. 1104 op., 7 March 1918; Kogenluft, Nachrichtenblatt, Vol. II, Nr. 12, 16 May 1918, p. 180.
41 Taylor, letter to the author, 2 October 2009.
42 Deutsche Dienststelle, Göring medical summary, sent to the author dated 7 August 2009.
43 Kofl 4. Armee, Tagesbefehl Nr. 240, 1 March 1918.
44 Esposito, A Concise History of World War I, p. 104.
45 Jasta 27, KTB VI, 21 March 1918.
46 Bodenschatz, op.cit., p. 172.
47 Jones, op.cit., p. 264ff.
48 Jasta 27, KTB VI, 21 March 1918.
49 Ibid., 22-30 March 1918.
50 Jones, op.cit., p. 346ff.
51 Jasta 27, KTB VI, 1 April 1918.
52 Ibid., 7 April 1918.
53 Kogenluft, Nachrichtenblatt der Luftstreitkräfte, Vol. II, Nr. 19, 4 July 1918, p. 280.
54 Franks & Giblin, Under the Guns of the German Aces, p. 60.
55 Ibid.
56 Harry Waldo Collier, born 31 October 1893 in Wanganui, New Zealand; took flight instruction at his own expense, earned Royal Aero Club Certificate No. 3863, 20 November 1916; commissioned RFC, 19 January 1917; appointed flying officer, 18 August 1917; posted to 42 Squadron, RFC, 2 September 1917; WIA, 13 April 1918, sent to London Hospital; awarded Military Cross (London Gazette, 26 July 1918); assigned to School of Artillery Co-Operation; promoted captain, 7 November 1918 [Ref: Franks & Giblin, ibid.].
57 Eric Campbell Musson, born 27 April 1894 in Teignmount, South Devon; commissioned into East Essex Regiment; posted to France, 10 November 1915; home convalescence; returned to France, 9 November 1916; application to Royal Flying Corps accepted, summer 1917; after training, posted as observer (probationary) to 42 Squadron, RFC, 2 October 1917; WIA, 7 April 1918; returned to U.K. for treatment, 20 April 1918; appointed instructor, 9 December 1918 [Ref: Ibid., pp. 60-61]
58 Jones, op.cit., p. 370.
59 VanWyngarden, Fokker Dr.I Jagdstaffeln, p. 74.
60 Dilthey, ‘In der Staffel Göring‘ pp. 215-216.
61 Kogenluft, Nachrichtenblatt, Vol. II, Nr. 9, 25 April 1918, p. 128a.
62 Jasta 27, KTB VI, 22 April 1918.
63 Kogenluft, Nachrichtenblatt, Vol. II, Nr. 10, 2 May 1918, pp. 125-136.
64 Kofl 4. Armee, Wochenbericht B.Nr. 1559 op., 31 May 1918, p. 4.
65 Jasta 27, KTB VI, 23-29 April 1918.
66 Likely an Airco D.H.4 from 25 Squadron, which bombed Tournai railway station that day [Ref: Royal
67 Air Force, Communiqué No. 5, 8 May 1918, p. 4].
68 Jasta 27, KTB VI, 3 May 1918.
69 Ibid., 7 May 1918.
70 Tornuss, Jagdstaffel 27 Kriegstagebuch abstract, p. 5.

CHAPTER ELEVEN

1 Bodenschatz, Jagd in Flanderns Himmel, p.119.
2 Kilduff, The Red Baron Combat Wing, pp. 265-266.
3 Tornuss, Jagdstaffel 27 Kriegstagebuch abstract, p. 5.
4 Kommandierende General der Luftstreitkräfte, Ordensvorschlag Kr. II 773, 15 May 1918.
5 O’Connor, Aviation Awards of Imperial Germany and the Men Who Earned Them, Vol. II, p. 64.
6 Hildebrand, Die Generale der deutschen Luftwaffe 1935-1945, Vol. I, p. 179.
7 Manvell & Fraenkel, Goering, p. 404, ff 4.
8 Ibid.
9 Wynne, ‘Project Aerodromes,’ p. 52.
10 Jasta 27, Kampf-Bericht by Leutnant Göring, 5 June 1918.
11 Ibid.
12 Kommandeur der Flieger der 7. Armee, Übersicht Nr. 112, 16 June 1918, p. 9.
13 Kogenluft, Nachrichtenblatt der Luftstreitkräfte, Vol. II, Nr. 24, 8 August 1918, p. 363.
14 Davilla and Soltan, French Aircraft of the First World War, p. 37.
15 Bailey & Cony, The French Air War Chronology, p. 218.
16 Grand Quartier Général, Résumé des Opérations Aériennes No, 6032, 6 June 1918.
17 Jasta 27, Kriegstagebuch VI, 5 June 1918.
18 Bailey & Clausen, ‘The Grim Reapers of Spa 94,’ p. 116.
19 Jasta 27, KTB VI, 10 June 1918 (dated a day after the combat).
20 Bailey & Cony, op.cit., p. 241.
21 Kogenluft, op.cit., p. 364.
22 Jasta 27, Kampf-Bericht by Leutnant Göring, 17 June 1918.
23 Deutscher Offizier-Bund, Ehren-Rangliste des ehemaligen Deutschen Heeres, p. 430; Perthes, Ehrentafel der Kriegsopfer des reichsdeutschen Adels 1914-1918, p. 66]
24 Franks, Bailey & Duiven, Casualties of the German Air Service 1914-1920, p. 280.
25 Tornuss, op.cit.
26 Kogenluft, op.cit., p. 365.
27 Chamberlain & Bailey, ‘History of Escadrille Spa 93,’ p. 70.
28 Cron, ‘Organization of the German Luftstreitkräfte,’ p. 55.
29 Wenzl, Richthofen-Flieger, pp. 46-47.
30 Lamberton, Fighter Aircraft of the 1914-1918 War, p. 118.
31 Bodenschatz, op.cit., p. 112.
32 Ibid.
33 Ibid., p. 113.
34 Kogenluft, Nachrichtenblatt, Vol. II, Nr. 20, 11 July 1918, p. 293; ibid., Nachrichtenblatt, Vol. II, Nr. 23, 1 August 1918, p. 338.
35 Cron, Imperial German Army 1914-1918, p. 71.
36 Bodenschatz, Jagd, op.cit., p. 113.
37 Hildebrand, op.cit., p. 90.
38 Bodenschatz, ‘Das Jagdgeschwader Frhr. v. Richthofen Nr. 1 im Verbande der 2. Armee,’ p. 235.
39 Jagdgeschwader I, an den Kogenluft Tgb. Nr. I/1300, 14 July 1918, p. 1.
40 Ibid., p. 2.
41 Bodenschatz, Jagd, op.cit., p. 191.
42 Woodman, Early Aircraft Armament, p. 163.
43 Göring almost certainly described the Caudron R.11, a ‘three-seat long-range escort fighter … [which carried] light-weight armor … [and] was well-armed with twin 7.7-mm Lewis guns in the nose and rear fuselage …’ [Ref: Davilla & Soltan, op.cit., p. 167].
44 Quoted in Bodenschatz, op.cit., pp. 119-120.
45 JG I, Kampf-Bericht B. Nr. 1366/I/18 by Leutnant Göring, 18 July 1918.
46 Zuerl, Pour-le-Mérite-Flieger, pp. 507-508.
47 O’Connor, Aviation Awards of Imperial Germany and the Men Who Earned Them, Vol. II, p. 61.
48 Haehnelt, Ehrentafel der im Flugdienst während des Weltkrieges gefallenen Offiziere der Deutschen Fliegerverbände, p. 22.
49 Bodenschatz, Jagd, op.cit., p. 192.
50 Franks, Bailey & Guest, Above the Lines, p. 157.
51 Noted in U.S. National Archives Record Group 238, which references the Loerzer-von Vorwald conversation as being ‘reported in [GFM Erhard] Milch diary, April 5, 1947.’
52 Bodenschatz, Jagd, op.cit., p. 193.
53 Ibid.
54 Richthofen, ‘Das letzte Mal an der Front’ in Im Felde unbesiegt, p. 279.
55 Kogenluft, Nachrichtenblatt, Vol. II, Nr. 29, 12 September 1918, p. 453
56 Kofl 7. Armee, Fliegertagsmeldung Nr. 211, 27 July 1918.
57 Bodenschatz, Jagd, op.cit., p. 194.
58 Mosley, The Reich Marshal, p. 42.
59 Quoted in Bodenschatz, Jagd, op.cit., p. 123.
60 Ibid., p. 125.
61 Quoted in ibid., p. 134.
62 Ibid., pp. 134-135.
63 Quoted in ibid., p. 130.
64 7. Armee-Oberkommando, Befehl über die Rückverlegung und Aufklärung der Fliegerverbände bei der Einnahme der Vesle-Stellung, 29 July 1918, p. 7.
65 Franks, Bailey & Duiven, The Jasta Pilots, p. 322.
66 Hildebrand, op.cit., pp. 387-389.

CHAPTER TWELVE

1 Jones, The War in the Air, Vol. VI, p. 443.
2 Franks, Bailey & Guest, Above the Lines, pp. 220-221.
3 Gritzbach, Hermann Göring, Werk und Mensch, pp. 244-245.
4 Jones, op.cit.
5 VanWyngarden, ‘The Aircraft of Hermann Göring,’ p. 235.
6 Bodenschatz, Jagd in Flanderns Himmel, p. 202.
7 Perthes, Ehrentafel der Kriegsopfer des reichsdeutschen Adels 1914-1919, p. 274; according to the Winterfeld family chronicle, the pilot’s body was brought back to his ancestral home in Saxony for burial. Later, the family estate was expropriated by the post-World War II communist government and the family cemetery, including Winterfeld’s grave, was paved over and used as a tractor repair station.
8 Bodenschatz, op.cit., p. 203.
9 Esposito, ‘Western Front, 1918: The Year of Decision,’ p. 121.
10 Möller, Kampf und Sieg eines Jagdgeschwaders, p. 88.
11 Bodenschatz, op.cit., pp. 135-136.
12 Quoted in Möller, op.cit., p. 87.
13 Henshaw, The Sky Their Battlefield, pp. 464-466.
14 National Archives and Records Administration (U.S.). Air Service Bulletin No. 58, 28 September 1918, p. 175.
15 Bodenschatz, op.cit., p. 204.
16 Jagdstaffel 4, Luftkampfbericht, Oberleutnant Udet, 29 September 1918 [reproduced in Udet, Mein Fliegerleben, pp. 104b-104c].
17 Kriegsministerium, Teil 10 Abschnitt B, Flieger Formationen, p. 244.
18 Udet, op.cit., p. 66.
19 Nebel, Die Narren von Tegel, pp. 40-41.
20 Niels Paulli Krause was qualified to comment on his adversary’s flying and combat skills. He was born on 19 May 1894 in the Danish east coast town of Skødstrup and left his homeland to enlist in the French Aviation Militaire in February 1914. By the outbreak of war just over five months later, his newly-acquired love for France made him eager to defend it as a frontline pilot. And he was well motivated to fight Germans, as he knew from his country’s history that Prussia had humiliated Denmark by seizing Schleswig-Holstein in 1864 [Ref: Guttman, “France’s Foreign Legion of the Air, Part 14,” p. 16]. Krause was assigned to fly two-seat reconnaissance and bomber aircraft in Escadrille MF.2 and by mid-1915 he was promoted to sergent and awarded the Medaille Militaire [Military Medal] for bravery in combat. The following June, while learning to fly single-seat fighters, a crash cost him his right eye. Undaunted, he returned to his unit some weeks later, wearing a glass eye and eager to resume combat flying. Krause’s determination paid off when, on 13 April 1917, he and his observer, Sous-lieutenant Henri Clave, shot down an Albatros fighter and fought off its two companions. Wounded again five months later, Krause convalesced and, once more, returned to combat. On 7 October, he was awarded the Légion d’Honneur and two weeks later received a rare distinction for a non-French native by being promoted to the commissioned rank of Sous lieutenant [Ref: Anonymous, ‘Un Volontaire Danois: Pauli Krause,’ pp. 598-600, 615-616].
21 Gritzbach, op.cit., p. 239
22 Krause in ibid., pp. 239-240
23 Ibid., p. 18
24 Davilla and Soltan, French Aircraft of the First World War, p. 497
25 Ibid., p. 516
26 Ibid., p. 503.
27 Ibid., p. 497.
28 Guttman, op.cit.
29 Anonymous, op.cit.
30 Ref: Historisches Archiv der Stadt Köln, Sig.Bestand 1417.
31 Horster, ‘Von Richthofen bis Göring,‘ p. 130.
32 Rickenbacker, Fighting the Flying Circus, p. 282.
33 The 147th Aero Squadron lost two Spads and pilots that day: 2/Lt William E. Brotherton (KiA) and the other flown by 2/Lt Wilbur W. White, Jr., both KiA. White collided with a Fokker D.VII of Jasta 60 [Ref: Parks, ‘No Greater Love, the Story of Lt Wilbur W. White,’ p. 46].
34 Rickenbacker, op.cit., p. 285. Rickenbacker shot down two Fokker D.VIIs that day, recorded as the nineteenth and twentieth of his twenty-six-victory total; his adversary, Leutnant Wilhelm Kohlbach, left a grenadier regiment to become an observer with Flieger-Abteilung (A) 255 before becoming a pilot and being posted to JG I. In 1935, Kohlbach was reactivated in the Luftwaffe, where he rose to the rank of Generalmajor and died aged fifty as a PoW in Britain on 11 February 1947 [Ref: Hildebrand, Die Generale der deutschen Luftwaffe 1935-1945, Vol. II, pp. 207-208].
35 Esposito, op.cit., p. 131.
36 Bodenschatz, op.cit., 207.
37 Van Ishoven, The Fall of an Eagle, p. 72.
38 Van Ishoven, op.cit.
39 O’Connor, Aviation Awards of Imperial Germany and the Men Who Earned Them, Vol. VI, p. 358.
40 Grosz, ‘Archiv,’ p. 78.
41 Bodenschatz, op.cit., p. 137.
42 Ibid., pp. 208-209.
43 Ibid., pp. 139, 209; JG I’s last aerial combat was with aircraft of the 28th Aero Squadron, USAS, which lost two pilots, both PoW [Ref: Anonymous, A History of the 28th Aero Squadron, pp. 344-345].
44 Zuerl, Pour le Mérite-Flieger, p. 343.
45 Bodenschatz, op.cit., p. 141.
46 Gritzbach, op.cit., p. 246
47 Bodenschatz, op.cit.
48 Ibid., p. 209.
49 Ibid., p. 142.
50 Ripphausen, ‘Göring musterte 1918 in Aschaffenburg ab.’
51 Ibid.
52 Ibid.
53 Mosley, The Reich Marshal, p. 42.
54 Gritzbach, op.cit., p. 249.