Contents

Preface

1 BACKGROUND AND HISTORY

Earth’s Water Resources

The Distribution of Water on Earth

The Origin of Earth’s Water

The Water Cycle

The Nature of Groundwater

Water and the Rise of Human Civilization

The History of Water Wells

The History of Irrigation Systems

Irrigation Today

The History of Dams

Water Treatment

Power Production

Water Law

Water Rights

Environmental Regulations

Summary

References

2 PROBLEMS, ISSUES, AND SOLUTIONS

Water Scarcity

Population Growth

Urbanization

Drought

What to Do about Droughts

Climate Change and Water Resources

Another View of Water Scarcity

Water Disputes

Neighbor against Neighbor

Fish versus Farmers

Power Production versus Domestic Use

Power Production versus Endangered Species

Water Use Agreements

Transboundary Disputes

Resolving Transboundary Issues

Sanitation

Statistics

Disease and Death

WASH Programs

Water Pollution

Conclusion

References

3 PERSPECTIVES

Introduction

Follow the Money: Trudy E. Bell

Aral Sea: John R. Burch Jr.

Desalination and Reuse: Facing a Global Water Crisis with Alternative Technologies: Roberto Molar Candanosa

Balancing Supply and Demand on the Colorado River: Hannah Holm

Not Just Schoolyard Gossip: The Dirty on Water, Disease, and Education in Africa: Emily Myers

A Water Riot: Katherine Ann Stanfill

Rural Water Supply Challenges in Developing Countries: Ivanna Tan

Remediation of the Buffalo River: Andrew Van Alstyne

4 PROFILES

Introduction

Perry Alagappan

American Water Works Association

John Briscoe (1948–2014)

Jimmy Carter (1924–)

CH2M

Rita R. Colwell (1934–)

Eugene Gangarosa (1926–)

Peter H. Gleick (1956–)

Global Water Partnership

Groundwater Foundation

Thomas Hawksley (1807–1893)

Michael R. Hoffmann (1946–)

International Water Resources Association

John L. Leal (1858–1914)

Sidney Loeb (1917–2008)

Millennium Water Alliance

Peter Morgan (1943–)

Pacific Institute

Bindeshwar Pathak (1943–)

Rajendra Singh (1959–)

Stockholm International Water Institute

Water and Sanitation Program

Water for People

WaterAid

Water.org

World Health Organization

World Water Council

5 DATA AND DOCUMENTS

Introduction

Data

Table 5.1. Quality of Various Water Resources in the United States, 2015

Table 5.2. Trends in Water Use in the United States, 1950–2010 (in billions of gallons per day)

Table 5.3. Source of Water Withdrawal, United States, 1950–2010 (billions of gallons per day)

Table 5.4. Quality of Water Resources in the United States for Designated Uses, 2015

Table 5.5. Causes of Impairment in Rivers and Streams in the United States, 2015

Table 5.6. Probable Sources of Impairments in Assessed Rivers and Streams in the United States, 2015

Documents

Tyler v. Wilkinson, 24 F. Cas. 472 (C.C.D. R.I. 1827)

Irwin v. Phillips, 5 Cal. 140 (1855)

Colorado River Compact (1922)

Article 10, California State Constitution (1928)

Clean Water Act of 1972

Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974

Amendments of 1996

National Audubon Society v. the Superior Court of Alpine County, 33 Cal. 3d 419; 189 Cal. Rptr. 346 (1983)

Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes (1992)

Standards for the Growing, Harvesting, Packing and Holding of Produce for Human Consumption (2014)

Communication from the Commission on the European Citizens’ Initiative “Water and Sanitation Are a Human Right! Water Is a Public Good, Not a Commodity!” (2014)

Climate Change Impacts in the United States (2014)

Executive Order B-29-15 (California) 2015

WaterSense (2015)

6 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

7 CHRONOLOGY

Glossary

Index

About the Author