Chapter One
1.The Amarna Letters are a body of fourteenth century BCE correspondence on clay tablets exchanged between the rulers of the Ancient Near East and Egypt.
2.HANDCOCK, Percy, Selections from the Tell El-Amarna letters, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, The Macmillan Company 1920, p.6.
3.Hendel, Ronald, Remembering Abraham: Culture, Memory, and History in the Hebrew Bible, Oxford University Press, 2005, p.7.
4.KING, The Rev, James, Moab’s Patriarchal Stone, Being an account of the Moabite Stone, its story and its teaching, London, Bickers & Son, 1878, PP.54FF, (Translation adapted to translate ‘Jehovah’ to ‘Yahweh’ by the author).
5.LUCKENBILL, Daniel David, Benhadad and Hadadezer, The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 27, no. 3, 1911 p267.
Chapter Two
1.PETTINATO, Giovanni, Archives of Ebla: An Empire Inscribed in Clay (Translation of Ebla: Un Impero Inciso Nell’Argilla), Doubleday,, 1981, p.315.
2.WATSON, James, A Letter to the Readers: [Discoveries at Ebla], The Biblical Archaeologist, 40(1), doi:10.2307/3209565, 1977, pp.2-4.
3.ALTHANN, Robert. The Impact Of Ebla On Biblical Studies - Religion in Southern Africa, vol. 2, no. 1, www.jstor.org/stable/24763954, 1981, pp. 39–47.
Chapter Three
1.GLASSNER, Jean-Jacques and Foster, Benjamin R, Mesopotamian Chronicles (Writings from the Ancient World), Atlanta, Society of Biblical Literature, 2004, p.235.
Chapter Four
1.A monk Dionysius developed a Christian calendar but when he did his work, it was later found that he had made mistakes and his dates were wrong. Therefore Jesus was not born at the start of year 1 AD but before this. Using Matthew 2:1 and Luke 2:1-4 along with historic dates for King Herod who died in 4 BC and Cyrenius who ruled twice; once in 7 BC to 1 BC and once in 6 AD to 10 AD we can pinpoint the time of birth to 6 B.C.E.
2.Luke 3:23 gives Jesus starting his ministry at 30 years old and in Luke 13:7 has him ministering for 3 years, therefore dying in 27 C.E. Furthermore John 19:31 gives the death during a ‘special Sabbath’ which was not the normal Saturday and using three Jewish nights and days (6 p.m. to 6p.m.) in the tomb for the reported resurrection early on a Sunday, the only special Sabbath that fits is Thursday 10th April 27 C.E. therefore the crucifixion was 9th of April in 27 A.D.
3.YONGE, Charles Duke, The Works of Philo: Complete and Unabridged – Flaccus VIII (53), Henry G Bohn, 1855, pp.72-73.
4.GORDON, Thomas, The Works of Tacitus Vol. IV, London, Rivington, Davies, Hawes & Co, 1770 Chapter V (Updated to modern prose).
5.See the argument in RAWLINSON, George, A History of Herodotus: A New English Version, Vol II, Appleton & Co, 1866, p.63.
6.Theodosian Code 16.8.1 (Constantine the Great, 329 CE).
7.Theodosian Code 16.8.7 (Constantine II, 353 CE).
8.Greek: ἄριστοι and was used of noblemen in ancient Greece, particular ancient Athens. The term is ‘best’ in direct translation, meaning best in terms of birth, rank, or nobility, but also implies being best morally.
9.DUBNOV, Simon, Spiegel, Moshe, History of the Jews, Thomas Yoselof, pp181-182.
10.JEROME, Comm. in Es., III, 2; PL, XXIV, 58 f.
Chapter Five
1.Canon XI, The Canons of The Council of Truro.
Chapter Seven
1.Toaff, 2004, pp.239ff.
2.LW 45:199-229.
3.An auto-da-fé or auto-de-fé (from Portuguese auto da fé, meaning “act of faith”) was the ritual of public penance of condemned heretics and apostates that took place when the Spanish Inquisition, Portuguese Inquisition or the Mexican Inquisition had decided their punishment, followed by the execution by the civil authorities of the sentences imposed.
4.http://www.fact-index.com/t/ti/timeline_of_jewish_history.html Retrieved 10/12/2016
5.CARLYLE, Thomas, The Letters and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell, Vol 1, Methuen & Co, 1904. P.148.
6.It is believed this practice was related to the Messiah arriving at Tabernacles. Avraham Vaakov Finkel, , wrote ‘true happiness is found only in the eternal values of Torah and mitzvot, that material possessions offer no security, and that THE SHIELD OF FAITH is the only protection he can rely on’.
7.Aliyah is the immigration of Jews from the diaspora throughout the world to the Land of Israel (Eretz Israel in Hebrew) it is mainly ‘the act of going up to Jerusalem’ and is echoed in the diaspora Passover celebration in the words, la-shanah habaʾah bi-Yerushalayim (Next year in Jerusalem and has Messianic overtones), in modern times making ‘Aliyah’ by moving to the Land of Israel is one of the tenets of Zionism.
Chapter Eight
1.The Times, London, 24 January 1839.
2.The Times, London, 9 March 1840.
3.The Palestine Royal Commission on the Maritime Plain, 1913, Chp. 9 para.43.
4.Innocent III was pope from 1198 to 1216 and showed extreme hatred towards the Jews bring in an edict that they should were a distinguishing badge.
5.This was the kidnapping of the Jewish Mortara child and his Christian baptism that caused a world-wide outcry. Sir Moses Montefiore tried to intervene with Cardinal Antonelli who told him that once a child had been baptised the laws of the Church prevented the child being given back to the parents.
6.Adolf Stoecker, was party to this petition presented to Prince Otto Von Bismarck and it was conceived by Bernard Förster, who claimed he had the idea whilst attending a Richard Wagner Bayreuth Festival.
7.La Croix, February 23 1898, page 4
8.The Thule Society website, https://thulesociety.nfshost.com/index.php/ideas-and-suggestions/ retrieved 12/9/2017.
9.Ibid. p.72.
10.Mr. Claude Hay MP for Shoreditch, Hoxton speaking in the House of Commons, HC Deb 03 July 1905 vol 148 cc847-76.
11.Winston Churchill papers, WSC II c 495-6.
Chapter Nine
1.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 37_123_43.
2.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 24_159_40.
3.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 24_30_6.
4.Ibid.
5.Foreign Office Papers, National Archives, FO 800_176.
6.Ibid.
7.Ibid. FO 800_176.
8.Ibid. CAB 24_159_40.
9.Foreign Office Papers, National Archives, FO 800_214 & CAB 24_37_64.
10.Ibid.
11.Ibid.
12.Foreign Office Papers, National Archives, FO 371_3399_35210.
13.MEINERTZHAGEN, Richard, Middle East Diary, Thomas Yoseloff, 1960, February 7 entry.
14.Foreign Office Papers, National Archives, FO 800_212.
15.Foreign Office Papers, National Archives, FO 800_207.
16.Foreign Office Papers, National Archives, FO 800_215
17.Ibid.
18.Ibid.
19.Ibid.
20.Ibid.
21.Ibid.
22.Ibid.
23.Ibid. FO 800_215.
Chapter Ten
1.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 24_107_7.
2.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 24_107_75.
3.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 24_115_98.
4.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 24_117_24.
5.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 23_25_29.
6.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 24_126_30.
7.Ibid. Meinertzhagen, pp.3ff.
8.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 24_136_99.
9.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 24_138_76.
10.Ibid. Meinertzhagen June 21 1921 entry.
11.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 24_140_79.
12.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 24_159_6.
13.Speech in House of Lords, June 21 1922.
14.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 24_158_61.
15.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 24_159_6.
16.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 23_46_15.
17.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 24_162_33.
18.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 24_159_79.
19.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 24_165_37.
20.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 24_165_54.
1.Palestine - Statement of Policy by His Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom. CMD3692, 1930.
2.Ibid. Meinertzhagen, March 16 1933 entry.
3.Mandates Palestine Report of the Palestine Royal Commission 1937.
Chapter Twelve
1.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 23_75_23.
2.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 22_240_11.
3.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 23_75_27.
4.Foreign Office Papers, National Archives, FO 371_18863_7600.
5.Palestine Partition Commission Report, CMD. 584, 1938.
6.RHL, Chancellor Papers, 22:MF40, ff., 20 Dec. 1937 and FO 371/20035 E3483 and Policy in Palestine on the Outbreak of War, FO 371/21865 E56C/G, 26 Sept. 1938.
7.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 23_96_10.
8.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 23_96_11.
9.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 23_97_3.
10.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 23_97_6.
11.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 23_97_8.
12.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 24_284_3.
13.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: CAB 23_97_9.
14.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: Cab 24_158_6.
15.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: Cab 23_97_10.
16.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: Cab 23_98_1.
17.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 24_285.
18.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 23_99_3.
19.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 23_99_4.
20.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 23_100_6.
21.Statement on Palestine, White Paper - CMD. 1019, 1939.
22.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 67_4_17.
23.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 67_4_25.
24.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 67_4_11.
25.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 67_5_11.
Chapter Thirteen
1.Speech by Senator John F. Kennedy, Zionists of America Convention, Statler Hilton Hotel, New York, NY August 26, 1960.
2.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 65_10_15.
3.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 63_10_17 and 61_10_19.
4.McMillan, Harold, House of Commons, March 11 1942
5.Lord Wedgewood, House of Lords, 26/2/1942.
6.McMillan, House of Commons, 12/3/1942.
7.Mander, Sir Geoffrey, House of Commons, 12/3/1942.
8.Silverman, Samuel, House of Commons,4/3/1942.
9.Lord Wedgewood, House of Lords, 9/6/1942.
10.Lord Davies, House of Lords, 10/3/1942.
11.Letter to Mr & Mrs Rogers, Jr, dated October 18 1943. National Archives USA, Dept. of Interior.
12.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 66_50, May 15 1944.
13.CIA Secret Files, R & A No. 2612, The Objectives of the Irgun Tzvai Leumi, 13/10/1944.
14.National Archives, KV 3_438 1947.
15.CIA intelligence report, CIA-RDP78-01617A, 15 Jun 1948.
16.Ibid. National Archives, 1947.
17.National Archives, KV 2_3428-46, Aug 3 1946.
18.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 128_16_30.
19.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 129_16_3.
20.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 128_11_3.
21.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 129_16_49.
22.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 129_16_18.
23.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 129_17_9.
24.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 129_16_22.
25.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 128_9_23.
26.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 195_5_23.
27.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 129_5_29.
28.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 129_18_40.
29.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 129_19_11.
30.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 128_10_17.
31.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 129_21_9.
32.Ibid.
33.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 129_24_10.
34.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 129_24_12.
35.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 128_12_24.
36.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 195_6_23.
37.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 195_6_32.
38.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 128_17_25.
1.Cabinet Papers, National Archives, Ref: 67_4_38.
2.President Trump of the USA has controversially signalled his intention to establish America’s Embassy in Jerusalem, thus recognising it as Israel’s capital.
3.CIA World Fact Book https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/is.html retrieved 09/10/2017.
4.Interview with David Levy, Israel Radio’s English News, December 6 2013.
5.Menachem Begin in his acceptance speech at the Nobel Lecture, December 10, 1978 when he and Egypt’s Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize.
6.The seven Noachide laws, as traditionally understood: Do Not Deny God, Do Not Blaspheme God, Do Not Murder, Do Not Engage in Incestuous, Adulterous or Homosexual Relationships, Do Not Steal, Do Not Eat of a Live Animal, Establish Courts/Legal System to Ensure Law Obedience.
7.There are certain issues where state and religion clash as in 2012, when a court in Cologne, Germany ruled that circumcision involving a four-year-old Muslim boy constituted bodily harm, which would have caused issues for Jews, however, In December 2012, the Bundestag voted 434-100 to allow the practice of male circumcision, overruling the Cologne court, and leaving the question of Jewish practice of circumcision unanswered and still a matter of controversy. Other countries are also reviewing the practice.
8.Steven Spielberg Interview with Der Spiegel, January 26 2006. Quoted in Israeli Today, October 09, 2017, http://www.israeltoday.co.il/NewsItem/tabid/178/nid/32520/Default.aspx, retrieved 12/09/2017.
9.Interview With By Molly Bennet, The Nation, June 4, 2007
10.Jonathan Adelman, The Christians of Israel: A Remarkable Group, Huffington Post, https://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathan-adelman/the-christians-of-israel_b_8055770.html, retrieved 1/9/2017