Page numbers reflect those in print edition.
Abernethy, Jack, 141
Acadia National Park, 173
Account of the Taxonomy of North American Wolves, An (USFWS), 139–140
Adams, John, 66
Adams-Onís Treaty (1819), 82
Alcan Highway, wolves along, 141–142
Alexander, William, 80
Alexis, Grand Duke, hunting by, 5, 6, 164
Allen, Durwood, 145
Alloway, Charles, 132
American Bison Society, 112, 121, 133, 134
American Buffalo Foundation, 178
American Museum of Natural History, 3, 90
American Prairie Reserve, 181, 182
map of, 179
American Serengeti, map of, 177
American Serengeti (movie), 182
American Society of Mammologists, 58
Anasazi, 22
Animal Damage Control Act (1931), 58, 60
Antelope, 4, 30, 31, 41, 45, 46, 163
hides of, 38
pronghorns and, 29
Anthrax, 127
Antiquities Act, 170
Arapahos, 82
horses and, 71
bison and, 22
Arctodus simus, 33
Arikara Buffalo-Calling Society, 118
Arkansas River, 16, 21, 64, 85, 101, 163, 164
fur trade on, 65
horses on, 71
Ashley, Robert, 68
Assiniboines, 126
Athabaskan, 108
Auden, W. H., 161
Audubon, John James, 3, 4, 7–8, 41, 144, 164, 180, 182
wolves and, 147
Audubon, John Woodhouse, 1
Audubon, Victor, 1
Avonlea culture, 115
Awahakei, 77
Badlands National Monument, 170
Badlands National Park, 170, 171
Bailey, Vernon, 7, 44, 55, 152
Bakken oil boom, 167
Bayou Pierre, 74
Bear Butte, 118
Bears, 90–91, 94, 104, 144, 163
cave, 96
Pleistocene, 96
short-faced, 33, 91, 96, 143, 144
stories about, 107, 108–109, 109–110
yellow, 97
See also Grizzly bears
“Bear Woman with a Snapping Vagina, The” (Nez Perce story), 108
Becknell, William, 83
Beckwourth, Jim, 85
Bell, John, 164
Bent, St. Vrain & Co., 85
Bent’s Fort, building, 85
Bering land bridge, 36, 96, 140
Bering Strait, 50
Berlandier, Jean-Louis, 75–76, 77
Besant culture, 115
Big Boy (wolf-hybrid), 156
Big Breakout, 166
Big Foot Wallace (bear), 105
Big History, 11, 12, 14, 15, 19, 24, 25, 26, 28, 87, 113
Great Plains and, 20
humans and, 27
wild horses and, 70
Bighorn sheep, 2, 7, 42, 150, 170
Big Star, 83
Big Timber, 85
Biography of a Grizzly, The (Seton), 105, 106
Biological warfare, 54, 149, 150
Birds of America, The (Audubon), 1, 51
Bison, 2, 7, 9, 24, 28, 39, 62, 63, 71, 74, 85, 89, 92, 116, 144, 163, 170, 174, 176, 182
adaptation by, 21
caloric possibilities of, 37
carrying capacity for, 25, 127
cattle and, 133
charisma of, 111
climate change and, 113
decline of, 43, 112, 115, 119–120, 121, 122, 123, 126, 128, 132
domesticating, 133
Great Plains and, 36, 37, 94, 115, 124, 125, 127, 133 (photo), 134, 150
hunting, 14, 18, 26, 42, 46, 48, 52, 76, 121, 125, 127, 129, 149
Indian policy and, 122, 130, 131
migration of, 25
preserving, 134
pronghorns and, 36, 38, 43, 127
slaughtering of, 6–7, 27, 99, 120, 121, 122, 124, 130, 131
spread of, 37
wolves and, 134, 137, 141, 144, 146, 148, 150, 158
Bison antiquus, 14
Bison antiquus occidentialis, 18
Bison Field Campaign, 122
“Bison-Loving Billionaires Rile Ranchers with Land Grab,” 181–182
Bitterroot Mountains, 91
Bitterroot Valley, wolves in, 156–157
Blackland Prairie, 167
Blackwater Draw, 12, 14, 22, 28
photo of, 13
“Blitzkrieg Overkill” model, 19
BLM. See Bureau of Land Management
Blue Sky, 116
Bob Marshall Wilderness, 109
Bodmer, Karl, 118, 164, 180, 183
Bonfire Shelter jump site, 125
Boone & Crockett Club, 43
Border and the Buffalo, The (Cook), 122
Bovine tuberculosis, 127
Boyd & McNannin, 112
Boynton, H. W., 106
Brazos River, 16
Bridger, Jim, 5
Brown, Barnum, 3
Bryce Canyon National Park, 170
Bryson, Reid, 127
Buffalo. See Bison
Buffalo-Coming-Out, 119
Buffalo hunters, as national heroes, 132
Buffalo People, 116
“Buffalo-Stealer,” 117
Buffalo wallows, 148
Bumpas, Herman, 173
Bureau of Biological Survey, 7, 44, 104, 134, 139, 151, 152, 171
strychnine and, 150
Bureau of Land Management (BLM), 179, 180
Burlingame, Merrill, 121
Burnet, David, 82
Burroughs, John, 55
Burroughs, William, 106
Burton, Sir Richard, 5
Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee (Brown), 122
Byers, John, 31
Call of the Wild (London), 106
Calvert, John, 79
Cameron, Evelyn, 165
Cammerer, Arno, 173
Canis latrans, 47
Canis lupus arctos, 140
Canis lupus baileyi, 140
Canis lupus irremotus, 154
Canis lupus nubilus, 140
Canis lupus occidentalis, 140
Cantwell, Matt, 104
Capitalism, 119, 120, 121, 124
Capulin Volcano, 171
Carolina parakeets, demise of, 134
Carson, Rachel, poisons and, 59
Cary, William de la Montagne, 89, 90
Casey, Denise, 103
Cashily, John, 79
Catlin, George, 1, 63, 74, 84, 119, 161, 164, 171, 175, 179–180
art of, 148
ceremonies and, 118
Great Plains and, 168
horse trading and, 84
painting by, 65 (fig.)
cheetah-like, 3
Cattle, 26
bison and, 133
wild, 127
wolves and, 150
Cattle Men Tracing Grizzly Den, 90
Causey, George, 129
Central Plains, 25, 40, 42, 175
trading on, 85
Century magazine, 55
Cervidae, 30
Cervoidea, 30
Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge, 110, 171
Chasmaporthetes ossifragus, 33
Chatillon, Henry, 5
Checoba (war horse), 84
Cheetahs, 30
Cheyennes, 116, 117, 118, 119, 126, 129
Chickasaws, 75
Chouteau, Auguste Pierre, 82
Civilization, 54, 113–114, 122, 150
Clark, Tim, 103
Climate, Great Plains, 15–16, 27
Climate change, 20, 113, 126, 128
Clinton, Bill, national monument and, 180
Clovis people, 11, 15, 16, 26, 28
mammoths and, 108
Club-Foot (bear), 105
Cody, Bill, 5
Cody culture, 20
Cole, Cornelius, on bison, 130
Colter, John, 80
Columbia River, bison on, 125
Comanches, 63, 66, 72, 79, 82, 100, 126, 141
bison and, 129
horses and, 73, 81, 82, 83, 85
trade with, 101
wolves and, 137
Commerce of the Prairies (Gregg), 51
Committee of Ecology of the Grasslands, 169
Compound 1080, using, 59
Concho River Valley, bison in, 127
Conservation biologists, 167, 179–180
Conservationists, 121, 122, 168
Cooper, James Fenimore, 90, 164
Cope, Edwin, 3
Corbin, Ben, 150
Corps of Engineers, 171
Coyote (mythic being), 49
Coyote Man (legendary figure), 117, 118
Coyotes, 4, 9, 33, 71, 144, 155, 158
controlling, 153
encounters with, 61
eradication of, 42, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 104
Great Plains and, 92
individuality of, 107
perception of, 104
persistence of, 7
petroglyph of, 49 (fig.)
pronghorns and, 35–36, 39, 45, 47
recovery for, 153
survivability of, 53
traits of, 52
wolves and, 50, 52, 53, 62, 140, 141, 147, 150, 152, 156
Coyotl, 47
Craighead brothers, 107
horses and, 70
horse, 70
Indian, 108
Western, 100
Curtis, Edward, 115
Curwood, James Oliver, 106
Custer, Elizabeth, 164
Custer, George Armstrong, 5, 90, 131, 164
Custis, Peter, Grand Expedition and, 29, 39, 69
Cut-Bank Canyon, 117
Dauni, Alexandro, 79
Davis, John, 79
Davis Mountains, 106
Deer, 7, 33, 40, 42, 46, 71, 150, 163
hides of, 38
hunting, 146
population of, 145
slaughter of, 99
Defenders of Wildlife, wolves and, 143–144, 154
Delano, Columbus, 131
DeMun, Jules, 82
Denver, coyotes in, 62
Department of Agriculture, 60
De Porras, Martin, 70
Descartes, René, 100
DeVoto, Bernard, on Stewart, 5
Diamond, Jared, 51
Diseases, 139
Dixon, Billy, 129
Dobie, Frank, 71
Dodge, Mabel, 165
Dodge, Richard Irving, 38, 99, 100, 131, 164
Drewyer, brown bears and, 97
Dunbar, Sir William, 66, 162, 163
Duprees, Fred, 132
Dust Bowl, 126, 170, 173, 176, 178
Earth, 116
Ecology, 11, 119, 136, 144, 147
damage to, 167
Great Plains, 65, 70, 71, 124, 125–126, 167, 170
Ecology Center, 182
Ecoregional Planning in the Northern Great Plains Steppe, 180
population of, 19
Elk, 7, 33, 38, 40, 42, 71, 105, 115, 144, 150, 153, 163
on Great Plains, 158
Elton, Charles, 145
Endangered Species Act (1973), 59, 60, 153, 154, 158
Energy development, battle against, 178
Enlarged Homestead Act (1909), 167
Environmentalism, 144, 153, 160, 167
Epizootics, 20
Eradication Methods Laboratory, 56
Erect Horns (culture hero), 117, 118
Everglades National Park, 173
Evolution, 12, 31–32, 37, 47, 48, 50, 51, 87
Extermination of the American Bison: With a Sketch of Its Discovery and Life History (Hornaday), publication of, 120
Extinctions, Pleistocene, 7, 18–19, 30, 31–32, 37, 42, 52, 113, 115, 124, 144, 146, 149
False Washita, 63
Filibert, Joseph, 82
Fission-fusion capabilities, 51, 52, 56
Flathead Reservation, 132
Flint Hills, 178
Folsom sites, 37
Fort, Greenburg, bill by, 130–131
Fort Bridger trap site, 38
Fort Laramie, 85
Fort Peck Game Range, 171
Fort Smith, 83
Fort Worth, 68
Fowler, Jacob, 82–83, 101–103, 108
Fowler, Robert, 102
Fremont, John Charles, 147
Friedkin Site, 11
“Friendly Medicine Grizzly” (Blackfeet story), 108
Fund for Animals, wolves and, 143–144
Fur trade, 52, 63, 64, 65, 69, 72, 74, 83, 103
predator pelts and, 54
Gable, Clark, 86
Galen, James, 152
Gard, Wayne, 120
Gast, John, 113
Gazelles, 4, 30, 32, 39, 46, 51
Geist, Valerius, 96
Ghost Dance, 119
Giraffes, pronghorns and, 30
“Girl Who Married the Bear, The” (Athabaskan story), 108
Glacier National Park, 136, 168, 174
grizzly bears in, 92
horse trade and, 74, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82
mustangs and, 88
Goddess of Liberty, The (Gast), 113
Goldman, Edward A., 58, 139, 140
Goodnight, Charles, 132, 171, 172
bison diseases and, 127
Paradise Valley and, 174
Gould, Charles, 174
wolves at, 158
Grand Canyon National Park, 168, 169, 170, 174
Grand Teton National Park, 170, 175, 181
pronghorns in, 33
wolves in, 159
Grant, Ulysses, Fort bill and, 130–131
Grassland National Park, 171
Grasslands, 5, 15–16, 17, 21, 99, 116, 125, 144, 168
adapting to, 25
bison and, 37
Pleistocene, 18
pronghorns and, 37
Gray Wolf Restoration Team, wolf pack release by, 158
Great American War, grizzly bears and, 104
Great Auk, 7
Great Basin, 37
Great Bear, 77
Great Bison Belt, 36
Great Buffalo Savanna, 134
Great Drought, 124
“Greater Black Hills Wildlife Protection Area,” 178
Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, 107
Great Extinctions, 20
“Great Horse Funnel,” 72
Great Plains, 5, 12, 21, 22, 24, 39, 40, 45, 52, 54, 55, 83, 86, 90, 93, 113, 116, 122, 133, 136
destruction of, 8
Jurassic, 16
landscape of, 19, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167
parks for, 44, 168, 171, 172, 180, 182
Permian, 161
photo of, 8
private ownership of, 166, 167, 168
re-wilding of, 92, 167–168, 171, 179–180
slaughter on, 6–7, 8, 42, 99, 100, 130
transformation of, 166
Triassic, 16
Great Plains, The (Webb), 7
Great Plains Restoration Council, 178
Great Pronghorn Savannah, 36
Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 173
Gregg, Josiah, 51, 144, 147–148
on buffalo, 143
on coyotes, 147
Grey, Zane, 166
Greybull River, 105
Grinnell, George Bird, 43, 54, 90
Grinnell, Joseph, study by, 58
Grizzly bears, 2, 4, 9, 40, 70, 71, 89, 144, 170
cave bears and, 96
colonizing with, 182
encountering, 93–94, 96–97, 99, 100, 101, 102–103
fate of, 110
individualization of, 105, 106
as monsters, 108
population of, 92, 104–105, 105, 107
range of, 95 (map)
slaughtering of, 7, 26, 94, 103–104, 105
Grizzly King, The (Curwood), 106
Haley, Evetts, Palo Duro and, 172
Ham, Caiaphas, 82
Hancock, John, 131
Harper’s Weekly, 90
Harris, William Cornwallis, 5
Hemingway, Ernest, 5
Hernandez, Francisco, 39
Hides, 38
hunting for, 121, 123, 128, 131
High Plains, 24, 70, 137, 163, 167, 179
acquiring, 178
farming on, 173
High Plains Ecosystem Recovery Plan, 182
High Plains Ecosystem Restoration Council, 178
Hoita, 117
Homotherium serum, 33
Hornaday, William T., 55, 132, 133
biography of, 122
market hunt and, 120
post-bison era and, 120
robe trading and, 121
unregulated market and, 124
Horse herders, nomadic villages of, 26–27 (photo)
Barb, 69
carrying capacity of, 25
evolution of, 87
on Great Plains, 64, 65 (fig.), 69, 85, 87–88
humans and, 25
as national property, 74
petroglyphs of, 73 (fig.)
population of, 128
trading, 72, 73, 74, 77–80, 83, 84–85, 86
wild, 3, 4, 26, 42, 51, 62, 63, 64–65, 65 (fig.), 66, 68–69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78 (map), 84, 85, 86, 87–88, 127, 149
Howard, E. B., 12
Hudson’s Bay Company, 72, 77, 94, 128, 145
Hunting, 6, 7, 14, 18, 26, 38, 40, 42, 46, 48, 76, 90, 99, 123, 125, 127, 128, 129, 149, 150, 159, 164
market, 43, 52, 55, 120, 121, 131
painting of, 17 (photo)
railroads and, 43
Ice Ages, 12
Indian policy, bison and, 127, 130, 131
Indians, 103
acculturation of, 132
controlling, 130
emergence of, 178
Ingersoll, Ernest, on coyotes, 54
Intertribal Bison Cooperative (ITBC), 134
Iscanis, 77
Isle Royale National Park, 145
James, Edwin, 40
James, Thomas
Alsarea and, 84
Wichita Indians and, 83
wild horses and, 88
Jefferson, Thomas, 38, 39, 66, 88, 96, 162
coyote and, 47
Dunbar and, 163
exploration and, 46
Glass and, 81
Grand Expedition and, 29
letter from, 68
Philip Nolan and, 66
Red River expedition and, 40
Johnston, Velma “Wild Horse Annie,” 86
Jones, Charles Buffalo, 121, 132
Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition (Moulton), 96–97
Judith River, 3
Junction Butte pack, 158
Jurassic, 16
Karuks, Coyote and, 48
Kearny, Steven, 85
Kelsey, Henry, 94
Ken-L-Ration company, 86
Kern, Richard, 85
Kidwell Ranch, 45
Kiowa Calendars, 129
bison and, 115
horses and, 85
Knight-Ridder News Service, 137
Knopf, Fritz, 182
Kruger National Park, 168
Kwahadis, 38
Lacey Act (1900), passage of, 121
Lake Superior, wolves along, 152
Lakotas, 6
bison and, 115
horses and, 71
Lamar Valley, wolves in, 157, 158
Land and Water Conservation Fund Act (1964), 169
Landscape with Herd of Buffalo on the Upper Missouri (Bodmer), 164
Languedoc, wolves at, 143
Laramie Range, 151
Laurasia, breakup of, 19
Lawrence, D. H., 92
Leidy, Joseph, 3
Lemons, John, 82
Letters and Notes on the North American Indians (Catlin), 119
Lewis, John, 80
Great Plains and, 163
grizzly bears and, 99, 103, 108
wolves and, 147
Lewis and Clark expedition, 1, 4, 29, 39, 52, 69, 93, 119, 163, 182
coyotes and, 61
Great Plains and, 167
grizzly bears and, 94, 96, 99, 100, 101, 103
Missouri River and, 180
Lilly, Ben, 101
Lincoln, Abraham, 130
mountain, 149
war on, 104
Little Bear, trade and, 128
Little Big Horn, 131
Little Ice Age, 26, 125, 126, 127
Little Missouri Badlands, 170
Litts, Frank, 86
Llano Estacado, 7, 16, 43, 44, 86, 142, 167, 171, 175, 178
Loki (mythic being), 48
London, Jack, 106
coyote and, 47
pronghorns and, 41
Lopez, Barry, on slaughter of animals, 99
“Lost Cause” explanation, 120
Lotka-Volterra Equations, 145
Louisiana Purchase, 29, 77, 81
wild horses and, 66
Lowe, David, 131
LU-Bar Ranch, 111
Lubbock Lake, 22
Lycopithecus, 139
MacFarland, Alexander, 82
Magic Pack, 154
extinction of, 108
skeleton of, 4 (photo)
Mandans, 1, 40, 72, 96, 98, 117
buffalo and, 116
Man-Who-Kills-Game-Easily, 118
Marcy, Randolph, Tule Canyon and, 172
Marsh, Othniel, 3
Martin, Paul, model of, 19
Masai Mara National Reserve, 168
Massaum ceremony, 118
Mather, Stephen, 169
Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied, Prince, 164, 180
Maximus (bear), story of, 109–110
Mayers, Frank, 129
McCall, Ezra, 82
McFee, Ross, 20
McHugh, Tom, 120
McIntyre, Albert, 151
McKay, James, 132
McKean culture, 115
McKenzie River, 137
McKibben, Bill, 109
Mech, David, 146
Pleistocene, 4, 4 (photo), 14, 18, 45
Melville, Herman, 101
Merycodontinae, 31
Metitsi Wahb (bear), 106
Mexican gray wolf recovery plan, map of, 159
Mexican War, 84
Mexican Wolf Recovery Plan, 160
Mexican Wolf Recovery Team, 154
Milk River, 98
Miller, Alfred Jacob, 85
Miracinoyx inexpectatus, 33
Miracinoyx trumani, 33
Miró, Esteban, 66
Misfits, The (movie), 86
Mississippi River, 37, 56, 72, 75, 125
Mississippi Valley, 22
Missouri Fur Company, 77
Missouri River, 1, 3, 16, 46, 63, 83, 88, 89, 90, 118, 148, 161, 171, 182–183
exploring, 41
photo of, 181
Moby Dick (Melville), 101
Mogollon peoples, 22
Mojave Desert, 37
Monroe, Marilyn, 86
Mooney, James, 116
Moses (coyote), 55
Mother Bear Guarding Cubs, 90
Mother Road, 173
Moulton, Gary, 96
Mount Scott, 119
Muir, John, 55, 106, 107, 122, 172
Mummy Cave culture, 115
Musselshell River, 112
Mustangers, 65, 67, 75, 76, 79, 82, 83, 85, 86
“Mustang Fund,” creation of, 75
Mustang Prairie, 71
Mustangs, 45, 67, 70, 75, 85, 88
Napi, 117
Southern Plains tribes in, 38
trade and, 72
National Bison Range, 31
National Geographic Society, 182
National Museum, 111
National Park of the Plains, 172
National Park Service (NPS), 87, 169, 170, 172, 174
ecosystem thinking and, 171, 173
Great Plains and, 168
“Nature-faker” controversies, 106, 107
Navajos, 38
Coyote and, 48
Neanderthals, 94
Nee Aut, 117
Neo-Atlantic Episode, 125
Newhouse, Sewell, trap by, 150
New Orleans, 24
New York Zoological Park, 112
Coyote and, 48
Nix’ant, 116
Nolan, Philip, 66, 80, 84, 85, 88
adventures of, 68
wild horses and, 69
Northern Plains, 27, 40, 42, 63, 72, 85, 86, 152, 168, 171
landscapes of, 180
Northern Range elk herd, 158
Northern Rocky Mountains, 103, 136, 146, 179
grizzly bears in, 92
wolves in, 158
Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Plan, 153
Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Team, 156
Northwest Company, 77
NPS. See National Park Service
Nuttall, Thomas, 41
Nyack Creek, 92
Odum, Eugene, 106
Ohio River, 64
O’Keeffe, Georgia, 165, 166, 172, 182
Old Ephraim (bear), 105
Old Man Coyote (mythic being), 48, 53, 58
downfall of, 59
Old Mose (bear), 105
Old Women’s culture, 115
Optimal Foraging Strategy, 147
Ord, George, 40
Oregon Trail, The (Parkman), 164
Origin of Man, The (Read), 139
Our Vanishing Wild Life: Its Extermination and Preservation (Hornaday), 121
Out of Africa (movie), 5
Overland Trails, 127
Oxbow culture, 115
Oyate Pte, 116
Pablo, Michel, 132
Pablo-Allard herd, 132
Paint Horse, 81
Paleo-hunters, 37
Palo Duro Canyon, 132, 171, 173, 174, 175
preservation and, 172
Palo Duro Canyon National Monument, 173, 174
Panthera, 3
Panthera leo atrox, 33
Paradise Valley, 174
PARC. See Predatory and Rodent Control
Parker, Hilary, 182
Parkman, Francis, 164
Passenger pigeons, demise of, 124, 134
Patton (movie), 123
Pawnees, wolves and, 148
Peale, Charles Willson, 39
Pelican Lake culture, 115
Pend Oreilles, 132
Petroglyphs, photo of, 49
Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, 40
Phyllis (wolf), 154
Picuris, 73
Pike, Zebulon Montgomery, 102, 163
Pike’s Peak, 101
Pine Ridge, 115
creation accounts of, 116
subservience for, 114
Plainview culture, 20
Plano culture, 20
Platte National Park, 168
Pleistocene, 3, 4, 12, 14, 18, 20, 35, 45, 51, 53, 91, 182
ecology of, 124
extinctions of, 18–19, 30, 31–32, 37, 42, 52, 113, 115, 124, 144, 146, 149
wolves and, 143
Plenty Coups, 112
Poisoning, 53–54, 55, 56, 86, 149, 150, 152, 153
banning, 59
Popper, Deborah Epstein, 161, 162, 178
Popper, Frank, 178
Prairie Reserve Project, 179
Predator Conservation Alliance, 182
Predators
keystone, 56
prey and, 144
Predatory and Rodent Control (PARC), 56, 150
Pronghorns, 4, 9, 18, 41, 62, 71, 85, 87, 115, 121, 150, 157, 162, 170
adaptation by, 30
antelope and, 29
coyotes and, 35–36, 39, 45, 47
grasslands and, 37
Great Plains and, 29–30, 31–32, 92
Linnaean name for, 40
population of, 44
wildness of, 40
Pryor Mountains Wild Horse Range, 9, 86
Pueblo Indians, 22
horses and, 70
petroglyph by, 49 (fig.)
Pueblo model, 24
Pueblo Revolt (1680), 24, 70, 126
Puff (wolf), 158
Ragged Tail (wolf), 158
Railroads, 114
Ranch Life and Hunting Trails (Roosevelt), 165
Read, Caveath, 139
Redford, Robert, 5
Red River, 16, 29, 39, 63, 68, 69, 80, 84, 141, 171
expedition of, 40
horses on, 77
Red Stick ceremonies, 118
Republican River, 24
Revisionism, ecological, 144, 146
Re-wilding, 92, 167–168, 171, 179–180
Rich, Daniel Catton, 165
Riebsame, William, 176
Rinderpest, 127
River of the West, The (Victor), 103
Rocky Mountain Fur Company, 72, 77
Rocky Mountain National Park, 168
Rocky Mountain News, 58
Rocky Mountains, 16, 109, 140, 168
wolves in, 156
Roe, Frank Gilbert, 120
Roosevelt, Theodore, 3, 104, 164–165, 173, 180
bison and, 133
Great Plains and, 170
horses and, 87
pronghorns and, 43
Wichita Mountains and, 168
Roquier, Francisco, 79
Roughing It (Twain), 53
Russell, Charles M., 104, 166, 178
Ryan, Nolan, 142
Saber-toothed cats, 3, 19, 33, 143
Sabin, Edwin, on coyotes, 54
Sabrine, Mary, 132
Sacred Arrow Bundle, 118
Salt Lake Weekly Tribune, 54
Samson, Fred, 182
Sapphire Mountains, wolves in, 156
Scandic Drought, 124
Schamp, George, 82
Scientific American, 54
Scientific Revolution, 100
Scott, George C., 123
Scribner’s, 90
Seminoles, 75
reconstruction of, 8
Serengeti National Park, 168
Seton, Ernest Thompson, 55, 105
grizzly bears and, 94
“nature-faker” controversies of, 106
pronghorns and, 36
hunting, 26
Shenandoah National Park, 173
Shepard, Paul, on grizzly bears, 93
Shoshones, 98
Siberians, Clovis people and, 12, 14
Silent Spring (Carson), 59
Skan, 116
Sloths, giant ground, 3, 14, 18, 143
Smilodons, 33
Snake River, bison on, 125
Snowdrift (wolf), 152
Snow Owl ceremony, 118
Snows of Kilimanjaro, The (Hemingway), 5
Sonoran Desert, 37
Southern High Plains, 12, 15, 17–18
grasslands of, 21
grizzly bears on, 101
wolves on, 138
Southern Plains, 16, 21, 23, 27, 40, 42, 68, 70, 77, 79, 80, 124, 147, 174, 175, 179
bison on, 22, 115, 129, 132, 133, 172
drought on, 126
ecology of, 63
emigrants on, 127
farming on, 24
horses on, 25, 71, 72, 73, 74, 83, 85
rainfall on, 25
wolves on, 50–51, 155, 159 (map), 160
Southern Plains Land Trust, 178
Southern Plains tribes, 40, 67, 77, 81
Spangler, Roy, 152
Spotted Tail, 5
Stagg, Allen, 141
Steck, Michael, 147
Stegner, Wallace, quote of, 161
Stewart, Sir William Drummond, 5, 85, 164
Stewart, Susan, 137
Strychnine, 53–54, 55, 56, 59, 149, 150
Sublette, Solomon, 85
Sublette, William, 5
Sublette pronghorn herd, 33
Sullys Hill National Park, 168
Sun Dances, 118
Sun River, wolves on, 155
Superior National Forest, 146
Talapoon, Joseph, 68
Talapoon, Lucas, 80
Tales of the Grizzly: Thirty-Nine Stories of Grizzly Bear Encounters in the Wilderness (Clark and Casey), 103, 104
photo of, 23
Taovayas, 77
Tetrameryx, 31
Texas Panhandle, 43, 44, 123, 132, 141, 171
pronghorns on, 45
Texas Parks and Wildlife, Llano Estacado and, 178
Thallium sulfate, poisoning with, 59
Tharp, William, 85
Theodore Roosevelt National Park, 170, 171, 173–174
wild horses in, 87
Thoreau, Henry David, 9
Three-Mile wolf pack, 156, 157
Three Years among the Indians and Mexicans (James), 84
Throckmorton, J. W., 131
Townsend, John Kirk, 41
fur, 52, 54, 63, 64, 65, 69, 72, 74, 83, 103
horse, 74, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 85
Spanish, 67
Trade and Intercourse Act (1834), 85
Triassic, 16
Trickster (mythic being), 48
Trinity River, 68
Two-Toes (wolf), 151
Union Pacific, 43
Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument, 180
Ursus arctos horribilis, 90
“U.S. Agents Stalk ‘Desperadoes’ of Animal World thru Deserts and over Mountain Ranges of West,” 58
US Fish and Wildlife Service, 60, 139, 158, 180
US Government Printing Office, 120
US Peace Commission, 114
Victor, Frances Fuller, grizzly bears and, 103
View to Death in the Morning, A (Cantwell), 104
Viscaino, Sebastian, grizzly bears and, 93–94
Vonnegut, Kurt, 134
Wab (bear), 105
Wakan Tanka, 116
Walker, James, 116
Walker, Joseph Reddeford, 5, 85
Walking Coyote, Samuel, 132–133
Webb, Walter Prescott, 7
West, Elliott, 127
West Texas, 43, 45, 86, 92, 172
White Bear Crick, 101
White Cliffs Narrows of the Missouri, 180, 183
photo of, 181
Whitehouse, Joseph, quote of, 89
Whitey (wolf), 151
Whitman, Walt, Great Plains and, 165, 166
Wichita Indians, 66, 74, 77, 79, 80–81
James and, 83
Wichita Mountains, 63, 79, 119
Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge, 87, 133, 168
Wild and Scenic Missouri River, 180, 182–183
photo of, 181
Wilderness Act, 180
“Wilderness Letter, The” (Stegner), quote from, 161
Wilderness Preservation System, 134
Wild Free-Roaming Horse and Burro Protection Act (1971), 86
Wild Horse and Burro Conservation Act (1959), 86
Wildlife Services, 60
warning sign by, 57 (photo)
Williams, Old Bill, 85
Wily (wolf-hybrid), 137, 142–143, 154–155, 156, 157
Wind Cave National Park, 168, 171
Winter Counts, 129
Wolfforth, George, 45
Wolf Hunter’s Guide, The (Corbin), 150
Wolf-hybrids, 142, 143, 154–155, 157
photo of, 155
Wolf packs, 51, 147, 148, 154, 156, 157, 158
Wolf Point, 97
Wolves, 2, 28, 33, 48, 61, 70, 71, 109, 113, 115
bison and, 134, 137, 141, 144, 146, 148, 150, 158
buffalo, 140, 141–142, 144, 145, 146, 148, 152
captive breeding of, 160
cattle and, 150
coyotes and, 50, 52, 53, 62, 140, 141, 147, 150, 152, 156
Custer, 151
dire, 3
encountering, 136–137, 141–142
eradication of, 6, 42, 56, 150, 151–152, 156, 159
gray, 4, 50, 51, 52, 56, 92, 138, 140, 146, 153, 154, 160
on Great Plains, 138, 139, 140, 141, 144, 149, 150, 159–160
individuality of, 107
perception of, 104
photo of, 138
Pleistocene and, 143
poisoning, 54, 86, 149, 150, 152
prairie, 62
red, 4, 50–51, 61, 62, 140, 143, 146, 153
slaughtering of, 7, 26, 27, 104, 151, 159
taxonomy of, 140
tracks of, 138 (photo)
Wood Buffalo National Park, 147
World Wide Fund for Nature, 181
Wyeth, Nathaniel, 51
Yanas, Coyote and, 48
Yard, Robert Sterling, 169
Yellow-Haired Woman (legendary figure), 117, 118
Yellowstone National Park, 8, 134, 158, 168, 169, 173, 179, 181
photo of, 138
pronghorns in, 44
Yellow Wolf, 129
Yi-Fu Tuan, 15
Yosemite National Park, 168
Young, Stanley, 56, 139, 140, 151
Ysa (wolf-hybrid), 137, 142–143, 154–155, 156
photo of, 155