Introduction
1. Elisha Goldstein, Uncovering Happiness: Overcoming Depression with Mindfulness and Self-Compassion (New York: Atria, 2015).
Chapter 1
1. Elizabeth W. Dunn, Lara B. Aknin, and Michael I. Norton, “Prosocial Spending and Happiness Using Money to Benefit Others Pays Off,” Current Directions in Psychological Science 23, no. 1 (February 2014): 41–47.
2. Hidehiko Takahashi et al., “When Your Gain Is My Pain and Your Pain Is My Gain: Neural Correlates of Envy and Schadenfreude,” Science 323, no. 5916 (February 2009): 937–39, doi: 10.1126/science.1165604.
3. Justin Fox, “Bush’s Economic Mistakes: Telling Us to Go Shopping,” Time, January 19, 2009, content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1872229_1872230_1872236,00.html.
4. Nicholas A. Christakis and James H. Fowler, Connected: The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives (New York: Little, Brown, 2009).
5. Jorge Moll et al., “Human Fronto-Mesolimbic Networks Guide Decisions about Charitable Donation,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103, no. 42 (2006): 15623–28, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0604475103.
6. Paul J. Zak, Angela A. Stanton, and Sheila Ahmadi, “Oxytocin Increases Generosity in Humans,” PLoS ONE 2, no. 11 (2007), doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001128.
7. James Baraz and Shoshana Alexander, “The Helper’s High,” Greater Good: The Science of a Meaningful Life, February 1, 2010, greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/the_helpers_high/.
8. Elizabeth W. Dunn, Lara B. Aknin, and Michael I. Norton. “Spending money on others promotes happiness.” Science 319, no. 5870 (2008): 1687–88.
9. Kathy Gilsinan, “The Buddhist and the Neuroscientist,” The Atlantic, July 4, 2015, theatlantic.com/health/archive/2015/07/dalai-lama-neuroscience-compassion/397706/.
10. Sonja Lyubomirsky, The How of Happiness: A Scientific Approach to Getting the Life You Want (New York: Penguin Press, 2007).
11. Lara B. Aknin et al., “Prosocial Spending and Well-Being: Cross-Cultural Evidence for a Psychological Universal,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 104, no. 4 (2013): 635–52.
12. Moll et al., “Human Fronto-Mesolimbic Networks.”
13. Lyubomirsky, The How of Happiness.
14. Ron Lieber, “To Teach Children to Give, Tell Them How Much Your Family Has Been Given,” New York Times, October 28, 2015, parenting.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/10/28/to-teach-children-to-give-tell-them-how-much-your-family-has-been-given/?smid=fb-nytimes&%3Bsmtyp=cur.
15. Paulina Pchelin and Ryan T. Howell, “The Hidden Cost of Value-Seeking: People Do Not Accurately Forecast the Economic Benefits of Experiential Purchases,” Journal of Positive Psychology 9, no. 4 (2014): 322–34, doi: 10.1080/17439760.2014.898316.
16. Thich Nhat Hanh, Living Buddha, Living Christ (New York: Riverhead Books, 1995).
17. Epictetus, A Manual for Living, ed. Sharon Lebell (New York: HarperCollins, 1994).
18. Melinda Wenner Moyer, “How to Raise Generous Kids,” Slate, December 18, 2015, slate.com/articles/life/the_kids/2015/12/how_to_raise_generous_kids_and_teach_empathy_and_charity_toward_the_poor.html.
19. Joan E. Grusec and Erica Redler, “Attribution, Reinforcement, and Altruism: A Developmental Analysis,” Developmental Psychology 16, no. 5 (September 1980): 525–34, doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.16.5.525.
20. Stephanie B. Richman, C. Nathan DeWall, and Michelle N. Wolff, “Avoiding Affection, Avoiding Altruism: Why Is Avoidant Attachment Related to Less Helping?” Personality and Individual Differences 76 (April 2015): 193–97, doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.018.
Chapter 2
1. Suniya S. Luthar, Samuel H. Barkin, and Elizabeth J. Crossman, “‘I Can, Therefore I Must’: Fragility in the Upper-Middle Classes,” Development and Psychopathology 25, no. 4pt2 (November 2013): 1529–49, doi: 10.1017/s0954579413000758.
2. Jennifer L. Hart and Michelle T. Tannock, “Playful Aggression in Early Childhood Settings,” Children Australia 38, no. 3 (September 2013): 106–14, doi: 10.1017/cha.2013.14.
3. Anthony DeBenedet and Lawrence J. Cohen, The Art of Roughhousing: Good Old-Fashioned Horseplay and Why Every Kid Needs It (Philadelphia: Quirk Books, 2011).
4. Dan Ariely, The (Honest) Truth about Dishonesty: How We Lie to Everyone—Especially Ourselves (New York: Harper, 2012).
5. Christopher P. Krebs et al., “The Campus Sexual Assault (CSA) Study: Final Report” (2007), retrieved from the National Criminal Justice Reference Service, ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/221153.pdf.
6. “The Healthy Sex Talk: Teaching Kids Consent, Ages 1–21,” The Good Men Project, March 20, 2013, goodmenproject.com/families/the-healthy-sex-talk-teaching-kids-consent-ages-1-21/.
7. Albert Bandura, Social Learning Theory (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1977).
8. Tom Shachtman, interviewed by Neil Conan, “Rumspringa: Amish Teens Venture into Modern Vices,” Talk of the Nation, NPR, June 7, 2006, npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5455572.
9. Roy Baumeister and John Tierney, Willpower: Rediscovering the Greatest Human Strength (New York: Penguin Press, 2011).
10. Casey Baseel, “Divine Prevention: Japan Using Shinto Symbols to Combat Litter and Public Peeing,” Japan Today, April 11, 2014, japantoday.com/category/lifestyle/view/divine-prevention-japan-using-shinto-symbols-to-combat-litter-and-public-peeing.
11. Eric Schwitzgebel, “Do Ethicists Steal More Books?” Philosophical Psychology 22, no. 6 (2009): 711–25.
12. Uma R. Karmarkar and Bryan Bollinger, “BYOB: How Bringing Your Own Shopping Bags Leads to Treating Yourself and the Environment,” Journal of Marketing 79, no. 4 (July 2015): 1–15, doi: 10.1509/jm.13.0228.
13. Sam K. Hui, Eric T. Bradlow, and Peter S. Fader, “Testing Behavioral Hypotheses Using an Integrated Model of Grocery Store Shopping Path and Purchase Behavior,” Journal of Consumer Research 36, no. 3 (2009): 478–93, doi: 10.1086/599046.
14. Karmarkar and Bollinger, “BYOB.”
15. Fengling Ma et al., “To Lie or Not to Lie? The Influence of Parenting and Theory-of-Mind Understanding on Three-Year-Old Children’s Honesty,” Journal of Moral Education 44, no. 2 (2015): 198–212.
16. John Bowlby, Attachment, 2nd ed. (New York: Perseus, 1982).
17. Sigmund Freud, The Freud Reader ed. Peter Gay (New York: Norton, 1995).
Chapter 3
1. Barry Schwartz, The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less (New York: Ecco, 2004).
2. Rick Weiss, “Study: U.S. Leads In Mental Illness, Lags in Treatment,” Washington Post, June 7, 2005, washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/06/AR2005060601651.html.
3. Allison van Dusen, “How Depressed Is Your Country?” Forbes, February 16, 2007, forbes.com/2007/02/15/depression-world-rate-forbeslife-cx_avd_0216depressed.html.
4. Elizabeth Kolbert, “Spoiled Rotten: Why Do Kids Rule the Roost?” New Yorker, July 2, 2012, newyorker.com/magazine/2012/07/02/spoiled-rotten.
5. Jeanne E. Arnold, Life at Home in the Twenty-First Century: 32 Families Open Their Doors (Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press, 2012), 36.
6. Schwartz, The Paradox of Choice.
7. Kolbert, “Spoiled Rotten.”
8. Howard Chudacoff, Children at Play: An American History (New York: New York University Press, 2007).
9. Kim John Payne, Simplicity Parenting: Using the Extraordinary Power of Less to Raise Calmer, Happier, and More Secure Kids (New York: Ballantine Books, 2009).
10. “Marketing to Children Overview,” Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood, accessed December 22, 2016, commercialfreechildhood.org/resource/marketing-children-overview.
11. Marie Kondo, The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up: The Japanese Art of Decluttering and Organizing (Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press, 2014).
12. Madeleine Somerville, “Why Depriving Your Kids of Toys Is a Great Idea,” Guardian, September 1, 2015, theguardian.com/global/2015/sep/01/depriving-your-kids-of-toys-great-idea.
13. Sarah Jewell, “The Nursery That Took All the Children’s Toys Away,” Independent, November 11, 1999, independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/the-nursery-that-took-all-the-childrens-toys-away-1125048.html.
14. Andrew C. Hafenbrack, Zoe Kinias, and Sigal G. Barsade, “Debiasing the Mind Through Meditation: Mindfulness and the Sunk-Cost Bias,” Psychological Science 25, no. 2 (February 2014): 369–76, doi: 10.1177/0956797613503853.
15. Loyola University Health System, “Kids Who Specialize in One Sport May Have Higher Injury Risk,” ScienceDaily, May 3, 2011, sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110502121741.htm.
16. Kelly Wallace, “How much time do parents spend on their screens? As much as their teens,” CNN, December 6, 2016, cnn.com/2016/12/06/health/parents-screen-use-attitudes-tweens-teens/.
17. Anna V. Sosa, “Association of the Type of Toy Used During Play with the Quantity and Quality of Parent-Infant Communication,” JAMA Pediatrics 170, no. 2 (February 2016): 132–37, doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.3753.
18. Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson, “Teachers’ Expectancies: Determinants of Pupils’ IQ Gains,” Psychological Reports 19 (1966): 115–18, doi: 10.2466/pr0.1966.19.1.115.
19. M. A. Waltman et al., “The Effects of a Forgiveness Intervention on Patients with Coronary Artery Disease,” Psychology and Health 24, no. 1 (January 2009): 11–27, doi: 10.1080/08870440903126371.
20. Megan Feldman Bettencourt, Triumph of the Heart: Forgiveness in an Unforgiving World (New York: Avery, 2015).
Chapter 4
1. Daniel J. Siegel and Tina Payne Bryson, The Whole-Brain Child: 12 Revolutionary Strategies to Nurture Your Child’s Developing Mind (New York: Bantam Books, 2012).
2. Marsha Linehan, Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder (New York: Guildford, 1993).
3. Siegel and Bryson, The Whole-Brain Child.
4. Matthew D. Lieberman et al., “Putting Feelings into Words: Affect Labeling Disrupts Amygdala Activity in Response to Affective Stimuli,” Psychological Science 18, no. 5 (May 2007): 421–28, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01916.x.
5. Todd VanDerWerff, “Chart: How Inside Out’s 5 Emotions Work Together to Make More Feelings,” Vox, updated June 30, 2015, vox.com/2015/6/29/8860247/inside-out-emotions-graphic.
6. Claudio Fernández-Aráoz, “Ignore Emotional Intelligence at Your Own Risk,” Harvard Business Review, October 22, 2014, hbr.org/2014/10/ignore-emotional-intelligence-at-you-own-risk.
7. Meagan E. Muller et al., “Gratitude and the Reduced Costs of Materialism in Adolescents,” PsycEXTRA Dataset, doi: 10.1037/e711302011-001.
8. Tim Richards, “Kindness Can Exert Powerful Influence on World Around Us,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, September 6, 2004, 4.
9. Timothy D. Wilson et al., “Focalism: A Source of Durability Bias in Affective Forecasting,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 78, no. 5 (May 2000): 821–36, doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.78.5.821.
10. Gretchen Reynolds, “To Better Cope with Stress, Listen to Your Body,” New York Times, January 13, 2016, well.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/01/13/to-better-cope-with-stress-listen-to-your-body/?_r=1.
Chapter 5
1. John Tierney, “Can a Playground Be Too Safe?” New York Times, July 18, 2011, nytimes.com/2011/07/19/science/19tierney.html?_r=0.
2. Ibid.
3. Holly H. Schiffrin et al., “Helping or Hovering? The Effects of Helicopter Parenting on College Students’ Well-Being,” Journal of Child and Family Studies 23, no. 3 (April 2013): 548–57, doi: 10.1007/s10826-013-9716-3.
4. Laura M. Padilla-Walker and Larry J. Nelson, “Black Hawk Down? Establishing Helicopter Parenting as a Distinct Construct from Other Forms of Parental Control During Emerging Adulthood,” Journal of Adolescence 35, no. 5 (October 2012): 1177–90, doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.03.007.
5. Jane E. Barker et al., “Less-Structured Time in Children’s Daily Lives Predicts Self-Directed Executive Functioning,” Frontiers in Psychology 17, no. 5 (June 2014): 593, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00593. eCollection 2014.
6. Terri LeMoyne and Tom Buchanan, “Does ‘Hovering’ Matter? Helicopter Parenting and Its Effect on Well-Being,” Sociological Spectrum 31, no. 4 (2011): 399–418, doi: 10.1080/02732173.2011.574038.
7. Madeline Levine, Teach Your Children Well: Parenting for Authentic Success (New York: Harper, 2012).
8. Mihály Csíkszentmihályi, Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience (New York: Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2009).
9. Payne, Simplicity Parenting.
10. Lindsay Hutton, “I Did It All by Myself! An Age-by-Age Guide to Teaching Your Child Life Skills,” FamilyEducation.com, accessed February 6, 2017, life.familyeducation.com/slideshow/independence/71434.html?page=1.
11. Andrew Moravcsik, “Why I Put My Wife’s Career First,” Atlantic Monthly, October 2015, theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/10/why-i-put-my-wifes-career-first/403240/.
12. Baumeister and Tierney, Willpower.
13. Ellen J. Langer, Arthur Blank, and Benzion Chanowitz, “The Mindlessness of Ostensibly Thoughtful Action: The Role of ‘Placebic’ Information in Interpersonal Interaction,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 36, no. 6 (June 1978): 635–42, doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.36.6.635.
14. D. W. Winnicott, The Child, the Family, and the Outside World (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Perseus, 1964).
1. Walter Mischel, The Marshmallow Test: Mastering Self-Control (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2014).
2. Rick Hanson and Richard Mendius, Buddha’s Brain: The Practical Neuroscience of Happiness, Love, and Wisdom (Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, 2009).
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. J. David Creswell et al., “Neural Correlates of Dispositional Mindfulness During Affect Labeling,” Psychosomatic Medicine 69, no. 6 (July-August 2007): 560–65, doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3180f6171f.
6. Ellen J. Langer, Mindfulness (Boston: Addison-Wesley, 1989).
7. Paul Tough, “Can the Right Kinds of Play Teach Self- Control?” New York Times, September 25, 2009, nytimes.com/2009/09/27/magazine/27tools-t.html.
8. Pamela Druckerman, Bringing Up Bébé (New York: Penguin, 2012).
9. J. Roy Hopkins, “The Enduring Influence of Jean Piaget,” Observer, December 2011, psychologicalscience.org/observer/jean-piaget#.WLco5Tw8KEc.
Chapter 7
1. Baumeister and Tierney, Willpower.
2. Ariely, The (Honest) Truth about Dishonesty.
3. Neil Garrett et al., “The Brain Adapts to Dishonesty,” Nature Neuroscience 19, no. 12 (December 2016): 1727–32, doi: 10.1038/nn.4426.
4. Francesa Gino, Shahar Ayal, and Dan Ariely, “Contagion and Differentiation in Unethical Behavior: The Effect of One Bad Apple on the Barrel,” Psychological Science 20, no. 3 (March 2009): 393–98, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02306.x.
5. Ariely, The (Honest) Truth About Dishonesty.
6. “Academic Cheating Fact Sheet,” Educational Testing Service/Ad Council Campaign to Discourage Academic Cheating, last updated 1999, accessed December 22, 2016, glass-castle.com/clients/www-nocheating-org/adcouncil/research/cheatingfactsheet.html.
7. Lisa L. Shu et al., “Signing at the Beginning Makes Ethics Salient and Decreases Dishonest Self-Reports in Comparison to Signing at the End,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 38 (September 2012): 15197–200, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1209746109.
8. Xiao Pan Ding et al., “Theory-of-Mind Training Causes Honest Young Children to Lie,” Psychological Science 26, no. 11 (November 2015): 1812–21, doi: 10.1177/0956797615604628.
9. Victoria Talwar and Kang Lee, “Development of Lying to Conceal a Transgression: Children’s Control of Expressive Behaviour During Verbal Deception,” International Journal of Behavioral Development 26, no. 5 (September 2002): 436–44 doi: 10.1080/01650250143000373.
10. Kang Lee et al., “Can Classic Moral Stories Promote Honesty in Children?” Psychological Science 25, no. 8 (August 2014): 1630–36 doi: 10.1177/0956797614536401.
11. Ayelet Gneezy and Daniel Ariely, “Don’t Get Mad Get Even: On Consumers’ Revenge” (unpublished manuscript, Duke University, 2010).
12. Po Bronson and Ashley Merryman, NurtureShock: New Thinking about Children (New York: Twelve, 2009), 83–84.
13. Victoria Talwar and Angela Crossman, “From Little White Lies to Filthy Liars: The Evolution of Honesty and Deception in Young Children,” Advances in Child Development and Behaviour 40, no. 140 (2011): 139–79.
14. Jane Nelsen, “Bullying on the Bus,” Positive Discipline (blog), accessed December 22, 2016, positivediscipline.com/articles/bullying-bus.
15. Carolyn Zahn-Waxler, Marian Radke-Yarrow, and Robert A. King, “Child Rearing and Children’s Prosocial Initiations toward Victims of Distress,” Child Development 50, no. 2 (June 1979): 319–30, doi: 10.2307/1129406.
16. Martin L. Hoffman, “Altruistic Behavior and the Parent-Child Relationship,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 31, no. 5 (May 1975): 937–43, doi: 10.1037/h0076825.
Chapter 8
1. Carol S. Dweck, Mindset: The New Psychology of Success (New York: Random House, 2006).
2. Angela Duckworth, Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance (New York: Scribner, 2016).
3. Daniel Pink, Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us (New York: Riverhead Books, 2009).
4. Alfie Kohn, Punished by Rewards: The Trouble with Gold Stars, Incentive Plans, A’s, Praise, and Other Bribes (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1993).
5. Editorial, “Should Allowances Be Tied to Chores?” Wall Street Journal, May 14, 2012, wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304432704577349711248126398.
6. Langer, Mindfulness.
7. Eddie Brummelman et al., “Origins of Narcissism in Children,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 12 (2015): 3659–62.
8. Bronson and Merryman, NurtureShock.
9. Claudia M. Mueller and Carol S. Dweck, “Praise for Intelligence Can Undermine Children’s Motivation and Performance,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75, no. 1 (July 1998): 33–52.
10. Lisa S. Blackwell, Kali H. Trzesniewski, and Carol Sorich Dweck, “Implicit Theories of Intelligence Predict Achievement across an Adolescent Transition: A Longitudinal Study and an Intervention,” Child Development 78, no. 1 (2007): 246–63, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00995.x.
11. Po Bronson, “How Not to Talk to Your Kids,” New York Magazine, August 3, 2007nymag.com/news/features/27840/.
12. Ibid.
13. Baumeister and Tierney, Willpower.
14. Ami Albernaz, “Sparing the Chores Spoils Children and Their Future Selves, Study Says,” Boston Globe, December 8, 2015, bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/2015/12/08/research-indicatess-paring-chores-spoils-children-and-their-future-selves/ZLvMznpC5btmHtNRXXhNFJ/story.html.
15. University of Minnesota, “Involving Children in Household Efforts: Is It Worth It?” September 2002, accessed February 6, 2017, ghk.h-cdn.co/assets/cm/15/12/55071e0298a05_-_Involving-children-in-household-tasks-U-of-M.pdf.
16. George E. Vaillant, “Natural History of Male Psychological Health III: Empirical Dimensions of Mental Health,” Archives of General Psychiatry 32, no. 4 (1975): 420–26, doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1975.01760220032003.
17. Baumeister and Tierney, Willpower.
18. KJ Dell’Antonia, “Raising a Child with Grit Can Mean Letting Her Quit,” New York Times, April 29, 2016, well.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/04/29/when-raising-a-child-with-grit-means-letting-her-quit/.
19. Margo Gardner, Jodie Roth, and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, “Adolescents’ Participation in Organized Activities and Developmental Success 2 and 8 Years after High School: Do Sponsorship, Duration, and Intensity Matter?” Developmental Psychology 44, vol. 3 (May 2008): 814–30, doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.44.3.814.
20. Baumeister and Tierney, Willpower.
21. Ethan Kross et al., “Self-Talk as a Regulatory Mechanism: How You Do It Matters,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 106, no. 2 (February 2014): 304–24, doi: 10.1037/a0035173.
1. Joel Lovell, “George Saunders’s Advice to Graduates,” The 6th Floor (blog), New York Times, July 31, 2013, 6thfloor.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/07/31/george-saunderss-advice-to-graduates/?_r=0.
2. Shelley Taylor et al., “Biobehavioral Responses to Stress in Females: Tend-and-Befriend, not Fight-or-Flight,” Psychological Review, 107, no. 3 (July 2000): 411–29.
3. Kelly April Tyrrell, “‘Kindness Curriculum’ Boosts School Success in Preschoolers,” University of Wisconsin–Madison News, January 23, 2015, news.wisc.edu/kindness-curriculum-boosts-school-success-in-preschoolers/.
4. Kristin D. Neff and Christopher K. Germer, “A Pilot Study and Randomized Controlled Trial of the Mindful Self-Compassion Program,” Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69, no. 1 (January 2013): 28–44, doi: 10.1002/jclp.21923.
5. Susan Bögels, “Mindful Parenting: A Mindfulness Course for Parents in Mental Health Treatment,” in Teaching Mindfulness Skills to Kids and Teens, ed. Christopher Willard and Amy Saltzman (New York: The Guilford Press, 2015).
6. Paul Bloom, “The Moral Life of Babies,” New York Times, May 5, 2010, nytimes.com/2010/05/09/magazine/09babies-t.html?_r=0.
7. Damon E. Jones, Mark Greenberg, and Max Crowley, “Early Social-Emotional Functioning and Public Health: The Relationship between Kindergarten Social Competence and Future Wellness,” American Journal of Public Health 105, no. 11 (November 2015): 2283–90, doi: 10.2105/ajph.2015.302630.
8. Kate Murphy, “What Selfie Sticks Really Tell Us about Ourselves,” New York Times, August 8, 2015, nytimes.com/2015/08/09/sunday-review/what-selfie-sticks-really-tell-us-about-ourselves.html.
9. Barbara L. Fredrickson et al., “Open Hearts Build Lives: Positive Emotions, Induced through Loving-Kindness Meditation, Build Consequential Personal Resources,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 95, no. 5 (November 2008): 1045–62, doi: 10.1037/a0013262.
10. James W. Carson et al., “Loving-Kindness Meditation for Chronic Low Back Pain: Results from a Pilot Trial,” Journal of Holistic Nursing 23, no. 3 (September 2005): 287–304, doi: 10.1177/0898010105277651.
11. Makenzie E. Tonelli and Amy B. Wachholtz, “Meditation-Based Treatment Yielding Immediate Relief for Meditation-Naïve Migraineurs,” Pain Management Nursing 15, no. 1 (March 2014): 36–40, doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2012.04.002.
12. David J. Kearney et al., “Loving-Kindness Meditation for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Pilot Study,” Journal of Traumatic Stress 26, no. 4 (August 2013): 426–34, doi: 10.1002/jts.21832.
13. Paul Condon et al., “Meditation Increases Compassionate Responses to Suffering,” Psychological Science 24, no. 10 (October 2013): 2125–27, doi: 10.1177/0956797613485603.
14. Richard Alleyne, “Holding Hands Reduces Pain,” The Telegraph, November 15, 2009, telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/6575716/Holding-hands-reduces-pain.html.
15. Barbara Bradley Hagerty, “Midlife Friendship Key to a Longer, Healthier Life,” Morning Edition, NPR, March 26, 2016, npr.org/2016/03/16/470635733/midlife-friendship-key-to-a-longer-healthier-life.
16. Helen Y. Weng et al., “Compassion Training Alters Altruism and Neural Responses to Suffering,” Psychological Science 24, no. 7 (July 2013): 1171–80, doi: 10.1177/0956797612469537.
17. Condon et al., “Meditation Increases Compassionate Responses to Suffering.”
18. Gilsinan, “The Buddhist and the Neuroscientist.”
19. Sara H. Konrath, Edward H. O’Brien, and Courtney Hsing, “Changes in Dispositional Empathy in American College Students Over Time: A Meta-Analysis,” Personality and Social Psychology Review 15, no. 2 (May 2011): 180–98, doi: 10.1177/1088868310377395.
20. Making Caring Common Project, The Children We Mean to Raise (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Graduate School of Education), sites.gse.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/making-caring-common/files/mcc_the_children_we_mean_to_raise_4.pdf.
21. Condon et al., “Meditation Increases Compassionate Responses to Suffering.”
22. Philip Zimbardo, The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil (London: Rider Books, 2007).
23. Sylvia Boorstein, Pay Attention for Goodness’ Sake: Practicing the Perfections of the Heart—The Buddhist Path of Kindness (New York: Ballantine, 2002).
24. John M. Darley and C. Daniel Batson, “‘From Jerusalem to Jericho’: A Study of Situational and Dispositional Variables in Helping Behavior,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 27, no. 1 (July 1973): 100–8.
25. James H. Fowler and Nicholas A. Christakis, “Cooperative behavior cascades in human social networks,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 12 (January 2010): 5334–38, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0913149107.
26. Mirabai Bush, “Just Like Me Meditation,” available for download via Ram Dass’ December Retreat Resource Page, posted December 15, 2014, ramdass.org/december-retreat-resource-page/.
27. Thich Nhat Hanh, How to Love (Berkeley, CA: Parallax, 2014).
28. Celia A. Brownell et al., “Socialization of Early Prosocial Behavior: Parents’ Talk about Emotions Is Associated with Sharing and Helping in Toddlers,” Infancy 18, no. 1 (January-February 2013): 91–119, doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7078.2012.00125.x.
29. Pamela W. Garner, “Child and Family Correlates of Toddlers’ Emotional and Behavioral Responses to a Mishap,” Infant Mental Health Journal 24, no. 6 (November/December 2003): 580–596, doi: 10.1002/imhj.10076.
30. Adam Lueke and Bryan Gibson, “Mindfulness Meditation Reduces Implicit Age and Race Bias: The Role of Reduced Automaticity of Responding,” Social Psychological and Personality Science 6, no. 3 (2015), doi: 1948550614559651.
31. “White Privilege Checklist,” Creative Response to Conflict, June 2012, crc-global.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/white-privilege.pdf.
32. Thich Nhat Hanh, Teachings on Love (Berkeley, CA: Parallax, 1997).
33. David Rosenhan, “Some Origins of Concern for Others,” ETS Research Bulletin Series 1968, no. 1 (June 1968): i–43, doi: 10.1002/j.2333-8504.1968.tb00557.x.
Chapter 10
1. Benedetta Leuner, Erica R. Glasper, and Elizabeth Gould, “Parenting and Plasticity,” Trends in Neurosciences 33, no. 10 (October 2010): 465–73, doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2010.07.003.
2. Dweck, Mindset: The New Psychology of Success.
3. “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Fact Sheet,” Sidran Institute, accessed February 6, 2017, sidran. org/resources/for-survivors-and-loved-ones/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-fact-sheet/.
4. James W. Pennebaker, “Writing about Emotional Experiences as a Therapeutic Process,” Psychological Science 8, no. 3 (May 1997): 162–166, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00403.x.
5. Pema Chodron, Getting Unstuck (Boulder, CO: Sounds True, 2005), audio recording, 3 CDs.
6. Mikko Myrskylä and Rachel Margolis, “Happiness: Before and After the Kids,” Demography 51, no. 5 (2014): 1843–66, doi: 10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x.