INDEX

• Adey, Web, 127
• Adolphus, Gustavus, 187–188
• adultery, 111–112
• adventurers, 81, 87, 130; support from, 55, 71, 125, 139, 170; history of, 77, 89–90, 141–142, 147–148; debt owed to, 82, 145, 164, 173; Lyford and, 105–106. See also Altham, Emmanuel; Weston, Thomas
• Advertisements for the Unexperienced Planters, 29
• Ainsworthy, Henry, 185
• Aldrich (widow), 21
• Alexander, John, 144
• Alexander, Sir William, 117, 145
• Allerton, Isaac, 51, 80–81, 83, 95, 127, 147; trader, 55, 80, 81, 82, 85
• Allerton, Mary Norris, 18–19
• Almanac (Peirce), 186
• Altham, Emmanuel, 55, 101, 170
• Andrews, Charles McLean, 81
• animals, 33, 68–74, 119, 135, 143. See also beaver; otter
• Anne (ship), 17, 23
• Anne of Denmark, 25
• Annotation on the Fourth Book of Moses (Ainsworthy), 185
• Antichrist the Pope of Rome (Beard), 187
• Ashley, Edward, 129

• Bahamas, 52–53, 201
• Baker, William, 26, 120, 136–137
• Bancroft, George, 6, 123
• Beard, Thomas, 187
• beaver, 82, 130, 158–164, 172, 192
• Bermuda, 50, 51, 194
• Beza, Theodore, 187
• bigamy, 107, 108–109, 113
• Billington, Francis, 37–38, 44
• Billington, John, 38
• Bishop, James, 143
• Boardman, Luce, 109, 110, 113
• Boardman, Thomas, 109, 110, 111, 113
• Book of Common Prayer, 91, 111, 153, 191, 200; Thomas Morton and, 149, 190–191
• Boston, England, 63
• Boston, Massachusetts, 22, 85, 124, 190
• Bourne, Plymouth Plantation, 83
• Bradford, Alice Southworth, 23, 126
• Bradford, Dorothy, 23
• Bradford, William, 5, 23, 81, 89, 129; writing “Of Plimoth Plantation,” 3, 29, 60, 196; on Mayflower Compact, 5–6, 196; on women, 16, 21, 34–35, 63; on deaths, 18, 52, 56; on births, 19, 20, 26; his correspondence, 22, 147, 154–155, 193–194; on guns, 38, 42; on Wessagussett, 54, 122; on trade, 55, 83, 84, 162, 163, 194; narrative arc, 60–62, 150, 153, 194, 200; on religion, 61, 87, 88, 89, 90; using term “pilgrim,” 61, 65, 66; on departure, 62–65; on Thomas Morton, 79, 122, 139, 144, 149, 180, 191; on bad influences, 107, 122, 135–136; on Christopher Gardiner, 108–109, 183–184; on murder, 114, 121, 157; rivalry with Massachusetts, 115, 196; on sin, 135, 143, 170; on servants, 135–136, 139; on privateers, 167, 170–171, 174, 194; and books, 184, 185, 189
• Brewer, Thomas, 188
• Brewster, Fear, 80
• Brewster, Jonathan, 185–186
• Brewster, Love, 185–186, 187
• Brewster, William, 22, 40, 147, 153, 185; printer, 176, 184, 188, 189; library of, 184, 185–189
• Brian, Thomas, 142
• Brooke, 2nd Baron, Robert Greville, 157
• Browne, Robert, 147, 148, 150
• Bunyan, John, 60

• Calvin, John, 187
• Cambridge, Massachusetts, 186, 190
• Cape Ann, 53, 83, 117, 162, 170
• Cape Cod, 23, 37, 83, 117, 127, 195; Bay, 15, 47, 48, 108, 118, 193
• Caribbean, 56, 73, 74, 96, 99; trade with, 73, 74; privateers in, 173, 194, 197
• Carver, John, 17, 19, 52
• Charles I, 115, 149, 180; as Prince Charles, 115–116, 118
• Charles River, 117
• Chrysostom, 186
• church, 89, 105, 121, 182, 191; Scrooby, 8, 62, 150; Leiden, 17, 51, 54, 59, 80, 150, 153; of England, 91, 147–149, 155, 176, 191, 199; Plymouth, 105–106, 148, 150–155, 200, 201; communion with the Church of England, 150–151, 153–154, 200; Huguenot, 151; Salem, 152; Catholic, 183; Geneva, 187
• Church, Richard, 143
• Clarke, Thomas, 127, 138
• cloth, 114, 125–126, 128, 130–131
• clothing, 34, 72, 82, 124–131
• Conbatant, 39–40
• Connecticut, 4, 53, 141, 162, 196
• Connecticut River, 53, 83, 130, 161, 163
• Cooke, Alexander, 187
• Cooke, Francis, 138
• Cooke, Hester, 19
• Cooper, Humility, 17, 52
• corn, 5, 87, 137, 138, 143; traded, 42, 161, 163; Native use of, 24, 71, 99, 119
• Council for New England, 107, 117, 122, 161, 168–169, 184, 195
• Counterblaste to Tobacco, A (James I & VI), 89
• Cronon, William, 164
• Crosse, Daniel, 114
• Cushman, Robert, 54, 118, 176, 178, 190; on “Pilgrims,” 59–60, 61, 65, 67

• debt, 73, 82, 194; undertaken, 81, 83, 141, 142; questioned, 83, 84, 164; covered by trade, 83, 85, 160–162, 178, 197; Weston’s, 107, 113; servants’, 137, 139, 144
• Delft Haven, Netherlands, 61–62
• Derby, Richard, 138
• Description of New England, A, 115–116
• Dialogue or third conference, A, 89
• Dotey, Edward, 138
• Droitwich, England, 143
• Dunford, John, 53–54
• Dutch West India Company, 55, 171
• Duxbury, Plymouth Plantation, 108, 110, 135, 142

• Eaton, Francis, 18
• Eaton, Samuel, 18
• Eaton, Sarah, 18
• Eedy, Samuel, 142
• Ely, 56
• Emerson, Edward, 143
• Encouragement to Colonies, An, 145
• English civil wars, 5, 55, 168, 170
• Englishness, 27, 35–36, 114–123
• epidemics, 28, 30–31, 48, 50, 87, 88

• Farrell, Thomas, 143
• Fells, (Mr.), 109
• “First Comers,” 4, 6, 9, 16
• Ford, John, 18
• Ford, Martha, 18
• Forefathers’ Day, 3, 6, 7, 27
• Fortune (ship), 18, 172
• Fuller, Edward, 21
• Fuller, Samuel, 17, 89, 184
• furs, 80, 85, 130, 157–164; competition for, 42, 122, 163; shipped, 56, 173, 197; hopes for, 99, 128, 173

• Gardiner, Sir Christopher, 107–109, 113, 183–184, 200
• Gardner, Richard, 56
• gender, 23, 32, 34–35; male, 16, 28, 111, 141; female, 35
• God, 86–94, 143, 178–180; Word of, 152, 191, 192. See also Providence, divine
• Good Newes from New England (Winslow), 2–3, 5, 29, 70, 190; assesses Plymouth, 89, 99, 137
• Gorges, Sir Fernando, 107–108, 149, 183–184
• Gorton, Samuel, 21, 53
• Granger, Thomas, 143
• Graves, (Master), 71
• Grinder, Alice, 127
• gun control, 38, 41
• guns, 37–44, 56, 63, 69, 82; and Natives, 77, 79, 122, 160, 191

• Hallowell, Thomas, 124–125, 131
• Hampden, John, 54–55
• Handmaid (ship), 72
• Harmon, Edmund, 138
• Harmon, John, 138
• “Harmony of Confessions,” 151
• Harriot, Thomas, 90, 120
• Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 112
• Higginson, John, 33, 71, 92, 93, 184
• Hilton, William, 17
• Hingham, Massachusetts, 21
• Hocking, John, 157–158, 161, 162
• Holland, 155, 185, 191; journey to, 8, 49, 61, 64–65, 152; living in, 17, 119, 120, 153; press in, 176, 188
• Hooke, John, 17
• Hopkins, Damaris, 18
• Hopkins, Elizabeth, 18, 65
• Hopkins, Oceanus, 56, 65
• Hopkins, Stephen, 18, 39, 51–52, 65, 111, 139
• household, 139, 141–143; ideal, 23, 34–35, 143–144; female-headed, 22; patriarchal, 34, 106, 111
• Howland, Elizabeth Tillie, 19
• Howland, John, 17, 19, 157, 162
• Hudson River, 55, 99, 160
• Hunt, Thomas, 48, 121, 158, 197–198

• Indian Ocean, 79
• Ireland, 62, 105

• Jackson, Thomas, 115
• James I and VI, 97, 116, 175–176, 177, 181
• Josselyn, John, 53, 71

• Kennebec, Maine, 43, 83, 157–158, 161–163
• King Philip’s War, 141, 145
• Kingship, 171, 175–182, 188; Natives and, 15, 95, 101, 129–130

• language, 57, 86, 179; adepts, 47, 57, 120–121; learning, 62, 129
• Latham, William, 52
• Laud, William, Archbishop, 149, 151, 154, 191, 200
• Leiden, 17, 61, 62, 120, 177, 184; time in, 48, 65, 80, 96, 154, 194; location of church, 59–60, 150, 165; tobacco in, 96, 98, 100; migrants from, 119, 126, 153, 179, 184, 193; site of press, 184, 186, 187, 188, 191. See also church; Leiden
• Levett, Christopher, 25, 88, 92, 93, 97, 121, 181
• Lincoln, Abraham, 4–5
• Little James (ship), 55, 170–171, 172, 173
• London, 8, 49, 97, 100, 106, 163; presses in, 2, 59, 62, 184–191; living in, 52, 54, 65, 110–111, 137; investors in, 77, 81, 84, 87, 89, 126
• Lupher, David A., 185
• Lyford, John, 21, 53, 56, 105–107, 148, 151; rapist, 88, 105–106, 113
• Lyford, Sarah, 21, 106

• Maine, 43, 48, 109, 121
• Manomet, 142
• map, 32, 117–118, 169, 184–185
• marriage, 11, 18, 23, 106, 111, 143; subsequent, 17, 21, 23; children outside of, 23, 113; native practices characterized, 24, 25; sex outside of, 26, 109, 110, 143
• Marshfield, Plymouth Plantation, 65
• Martin, Mary, 17
• Massachusetts (people), 108
• Massachusetts (state), 8, 196
• Massachusetts Bay Colony, 30, 31, 53, 56, 85, 195; government, 4, 24; founding of, 22, 73, 88, 108, 139, 162; Wars of, 53, 141; religion in, 66, 148–149, 152, 153, 154; foe of Morton, 109, 149, 190; contention with, 115, 142; working with, 135, 139, 157–158, 183–184
• Massasoit, 95–96, 97, 129–130; as leader, 15, 50, 209; his people, 15, 51, 68; on wives, 16, 25, 97; meeting with, 39, 54–55, 68, 71, 95; treaty with, 43, 82, 95, 160, 175; as king or emperor, 175, 176, 181
• Mayflower (ship), 7, 18, 38, 44, 56
• Mayflower Compact, 2, 5, 8, 179; democratic nature, 1, 3–4, 6, 182, 195
• Mayflower descendent, 1, 6, 9, 52
• Mayflower passengers, 6, 37, 51, 56, 58, 65, 156
• Mendame, Mary, 112
• Mendame, Robert, 112
• Mendloue, William, 142–143
• Minter, Desire, 17, 52
• Moorecock, Mary, 23, 138
• Moral Epistles (Seneca), 185, 188, 189
• Morison, Samuel Eliot, 193
• Morocco, 172
• Morrell, William, 24, 25, 33, 72, 93, 119
• Morse, Jedidiah, 5
• Morton, Nathaniel, 29, 77–78, 88, 118–119, 152; using “Of Plimoth Plantation,” 3, 6, 8; on conditions, 31, 71, 122, 123
• Morton, Thomas, 79, 81, 118–119; allegations against, 25–26, 42, 122, 139, 144, 180; on religion, 92–93, 149–151, 190–191, 200; as foe, 109, 149–150, 151, 163, 180, 190; author of New English Canaan, 140, 190–191
• Mount Wollaston, 42, 79, 108, 162

• Nantasket, Massachusetts, 21
• Narragansett Bay, 160
• Narragansetts, 41, 108, 115
• Nevis, 195
• Newcomen, John, 38
• New-England Memorial (N. Morton), 3
• New English Canaan (T. Morton), 118, 140, 190
• Newfoundland, 48
• New Haven Colony, 81, 196
• New Netherland, 55, 80, 125, 162, 171, 180
• Nova Scotia, 171, 195

• “Of Plimoth Plantation,” 6, 20, 29, 88, 150; writing, 3, 52, 60–61, 185, 193, 194
• Oldham, John, 21, 40, 53; wife of, 21
• otter, 130, 159, 164, 194

• Palmer, William, 138
• Peach, Arthur, 111, 114
• Peirce, William, 56, 186
• Penowanyanquis, 115
• Penwatechet, 142–143
• Pequot, 53
• Pequot War, 141, 145
• Pickworth, John, 24
• Pierce, John, 88
• Pilgrim, 1, 4, 7, 61, 66; concept, 59–61, 65, 66–67
• Pilgrim’s Progress, 60
• plantation, 28–36, 79, 83, 184
• Plimoth Plantation (museum), 1–2, 66, 126
• Plymouth, England, 117, 172
• Plymouth Rock, 3, 8, 200, 202; tourists and, 1, 8, 67; improbable, 4, 9–10, 196–197
• Pocahontas, 1, 4
• Pory, John, 54, 185
• Pratt, Phineas, 42, 55, 78, 179
• Prence, Thomas, 114, 186
• Prerogative of Parliaments (Raleigh), 188
• Priest, Digory, 17
• privateers, 167–174, 182, 194, 197
• Privy Council, 63
• Providence, divine, 5, 87–89, 174; as punishment, 21, 31, 88, 92, 93, 106; as mercy, 37–38, 39, 78, 198–199
• Providence Island, 195
• Prower, Solomon, 17
• Prynne, William, 188
• Purchas, Samuel, 60

• Quaddequina, 41
• Quincy, Massachusetts, 79

• Raleigh, Sir Walter, 90, 97, 188
• Rasieres, Isaac de, 55
• “Reasons and Considerations,” 59
• refuge, 59–67, 113, 118–119, 153
• Relation or Journall, A (anon.), 2, 29, 33, 54, 87, 92–93, 97, 190
• Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, 22, 29, 30, 85, 114, 196
• Roanoke, 1, 38, 90, 120
• Roberts, Thomas, 144
• Robinson, Bridget, 65
• Robinson, John, 17, 22, 65, 77, 187; theology, 150–151, 153–154, 200
• Rogers, Thomas, 17
• Rolfe, John, 26
• Roman Catholicism, 48, 67, 86, 183, 200; anti-Catholicism, 67, 187
• Runaways, 24, 109, 113, 122, 139, 144–145, 191

• Saint Christopher, 195
• Samoset, 15, 50, 120–121, 128
• Satan, 86–87, 93
• Saye and Sele, 1st Viscount, (William Fiennes), 157
• Scarlett Letter, The, 112
• Scituate, Plymouth Plantation, 108, 142
• Seekonk, MA, 115
• Seneca, 185, 188, 189
• separatism, 147–156, 200
• Sermon Preached at Plimmoth, A, 54, 178
• servants, 17, 19, 26, 52, 79, 135–146; in household, 22, 23, 34, 35, 53, 105, 190; runaway, 24, 113, 145, 191; time as, 26, 52, 78, 79; and sex, 109, 143–144; care of, 126–127
• Sewall, Samuel, 5
• sex, 53, 143–144, 145; abusive, 26, 79, 88, 106; premarital, 109, 110–111, 143; adulterous, 111–112, 143; with native women, 120, 144; with animals, 135, 143
• sexual assault, 26, 79, 88, 105–106, 113
• Sherley, James, 122, 126, 147–148, 154
• Shetle, William, 127, 138
• Sibbes, William, 187
• slaves, 30, 33, 35–36, 123, 145–146, 201; Native, 5, 48, 141, 146, 198; African, 29–30, 80, 141, 145; English, 30, 172
• Smith, John, 1, 4; writing on New England, 29, 31, 69–71, 71–72, 84–85, 123, 1158; map, 32, 115–116, 169; naming, 32, 115–118, 119; on New Englanders, 112–113, 119–120, 148, 149
• Smith, Ralph, 29
• Snow, William, 138
• South America, 96
• Spain, 48, 98–99, 198
• Sparrow, Pandora, 23, 138
• Sparrow, Richard, 23, 138
• Squanto. See Tisquantum
• Standish, Alexander, 185, 186
• Standish, Miles, 39, 42, 51, 77, 95, 190
• Stinnings, Richard, 115
• Stoddard, Francis Russell, 9, 201

• Tempest, The, 51
• Temple, Dorothy, 111, 144
• Thanksgiving, 1, 3, 4–5, 7, 69, 198–200, 221
• Thompson, David, 22
• Thorpe, John, 138
• Till, James, 143
• Tillie, John, 19
• Tinsin, 112, 113
• Tisquantum, 41, 47, 48, 120; meeting with, 3, 48, 57; interpreter, 15, 40, 50–51, 90, 120–121, 198; kidnapped, 30, 48, 57, 158, 197–198
• tobacco, 80, 82, 92, 95–101, 159
• traders, 50, 77–85, 97–98, 125, 159–160; in Plymouth, 26, 55, 56, 128–129, 162; rivals, 42, 108, 158, 161, 194
• trading outpost, 28, 79–80, 81, 161; Morton’s, 25–26, 42, 79–80, 92, 139–140, 180, 190; Plymouth’s, 43, 82–83, 157–159, 161, 164; Weston’s, 54–55, 77–78, 107
• Trevore, William, 56

• Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher, 19
• undertakers, 81, 141, 142, 145, 164; and debt, 83, 162

• vassals, 48, 198
• Virginia, 25, 50, 52–54, 194, 197; contrast with Plymouth, 4, 26, 66, 80, 81; and John Smith, 29, 115, 116, 148; leaving Plymouth for, 52, 53, 79, 107; compared to Plymouth, 77, 78; tobacco and, 82, 97, 99, 159; intended destination, 179, 195
• Virginia Company, 117, 118, 179
• visitors, 30, 47–48, 160, 195; assessments of, 31, 40, 73, 114, 181

• Wampanoag, 25, 96; treaty, 15–16, 39, 95, 175; village site, 31, 108; leader, 68–69, 95
• Wappatucke, Thomas, 146
• Warren, (widow), 143
• Weeks, John (and wife), 21
• Wessagussett, 77–79, 108, 122, 162; failure at, 42, 77, 107, 180
• West, Francis, 110
• West, Marjory, 110
• West Indies. See Caribbean
• Weston, Thomas, 17, 78, 107, 113; established post, 54–55, 77, 78, 81, 163, 179
• Weymouth, Massachusetts, 77
• White, Peregrine, 22–23, 58
• White, Resolved, 22–23
• White, Susanna, 18, 23, 65
• White, William, 65
• White Angel (ship), 172, 173
• Williams, Mary, 22
• Williams, Roger, 22, 53, 114, 120, 150, 152
• Williams, Thomas, 143
• Williamson, 39
• Winslow, Edward, 23, 43, 47, 57, 87, 150; author of Good Newes, 2, 5, 29, 70, 190; negotiator, 15, 43, 80; on Natives, 24–25, 33, 86, 92, 93; emissary to Europe, 43, 56, 101, 150; mobility of, 47, 48, 49–50, 51, 57, 154; journey to Massasoit, 54–55, 68, 71; on Thanksgiving, 69, 199; in Leiden, 176, 184, 188
• Winslow, Elizabeth, 23
• Winslow, Gilbert, 5
• Winslow, Josiah, 81
• Winthrop, John, 22, 43, 87, 108, 183
• Winthrop, John Jr., 130
• wives, 15–27, 34–35, 113; beating of, 25, 88, 92
• women, 7, 15–27, 78, 131, 177, 179; Native, 31–32, 33, 121, 141, 144; and work, 31–36; abused, 63–64, 79, 106. See also wives
• Wood, William, 33, 169, 171
• Wright, William, 184

• Yarmouth, Plymouth Plantation, 108