NOTES

INTRODUCTION: WHY I WROTE THIS BOOK

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CHAPTER 1: RESCUING A STALLED METABOLISM

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8. Sarah K. Abbott et al., “Fatty Acid Composition of Membrane Bilayers: Importance of Diet Polyunsaturated Fat Balance,” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)—Biomembranes 1818, no. 5 (2012), doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.01.011, accessed June 22, 2017.

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CHAPTER 2: RADICAL RULE #1: REVAMP YOUR FATS

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4. J. Bowden and S. T. Sinatra, The Great Cholesterol Myth: Why Lowering Your Cholesterol Won’t Prevent Heart Disease—and the Statin-Free Plan That Will (Beverly, MA: Fair Winds Press, 2012).

5. B. J. Nicklas et al., “Diet-Induced Weight Loss, Exercise, and Chronic Inflammation in Older, Obese Adults,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79, no. 4 (April 2004): 544–551, PMID:15051595, http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/79/4/544.long.

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7. B. S. Rett and J. Whelan, “Increasing Dietary Linoleic Acid Does Not Increase Tissue Arachidonic Acid Content in Adults Consuming Western-Type Diets: A Systematic Review,” Nutrition & Metabolism 8 (2011): 36, doi:10.1186/1743-7075-8-36.

8. N. Teicholz, The Big Fat Surprise: Why Butter, Meat, and Cheese Belong in a Healthy Diet (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2014).

9. A. M. Hill et al., “Combining Fish Oil Supplements with Regular Aerobic Exercise Improves Body Composition and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 85, no. 5 (May 2007): 1267–1274.

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13. Frank B. Hu et al., “Dietary Fat Intake and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women,” New England Journal of Medicine 337, no. 21 (1997), doi:10.1056/nejm1997112 03372102, accessed June 22, 2017.

14. Stephen D. Anton, Kacey Heekin, Carrah Simkins, and Andres Acosta, “Differential Effects of Adulterated Versus Unadulterated Forms of Linoleic Acid on Cardiovascular Health,” Journal of Integrative Medicine 11, no. 1 (2013): 2–10, doi:10.3736/jintegrmed2013002, accessed June 22, 2017.

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18. U. Risérus, L. Berglund, and B. Vessby, “Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Reduced Abdominal Adipose Tissue in Obese Middle-Aged Men with Signs of the Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomised Controlled Trial,” International Journal of Obesity 25, no. 8 (2001): 1129–1135, doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801659, accessed June 22, 2017.

19. S. Torabian et al., “Acute Effect of Nut Consumption on Plasma Total Polyphenols, Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Peroxidation,” Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 22, no. 1 (2009): 64–71, doi:10.1111/j.1365-277x.2008.00923.x, accessed June 22, 2017; K. N. Aronis et al., “Short-Term Walnut Consumption Increases Circulating Total Adiponectin And Apolipoprotein A Concentrations, but Does Not Affect Markers of Inflammation or Vascular Injury in Obese Humans with the Metabolic Syndrome: Data from a Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study,” Metabolism 61, no. 4 (2012): 577–582, doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2011.09.008, accessed June 22, 2017; Liya Wu et al., “Walnut-Enriched Diet Reduces Fasting Non-HDL-Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B in Healthy Caucasian Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Clinical Trial,” Metabolism 63, no. 3 (2014): 382–391, doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.11.005, accessed June 22, 2017.

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CHAPTER 3: RADICAL RULE #2: RESTORE YOUR GALLBLADDER

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6. M.-S. Kwak et al., “Cholecystectomy Is Independently Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in an Asian Population,” World Journal of Gastroenterology 21, no. 20 (2015): 6287–6295, doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i20.6287, accessed June 23, 2017; Chao Shen, “Association of Cholecystectomy with Metabolic Syndrome in a Chinese Population,” PLoS ONE 9, no. 2 (2014), doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088189, accessed June 23, 2017.

7. J. R. F. Walters and S. S. Pattni, “Managing Bile Acid Diarrhea,” Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 3, no. 6 (2010): 349–357, doi:10.1177/1756283X10377126, accessed June 23, 2017.

8. H. Ma and M. E. Patti, “Bile Acids, Obesity, and the Metabolic Syndrome” Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology 28, no. 4 (2014): 573–583, doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2014.07.004, accessed June 23, 2017.

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10. A. L. Guerrerio, “Choline Intake in a Large Cohort of Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 95, no. 4 (2012): 892–900, doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.020156, accessed June 23, 2017.

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12. W. H. W. Tang et al., “Intestinal Microbial Metabolism of Phosphatidylcholine and Cardiovascular Risk,” New England Journal of Medicine 368, no. 17 (2013): 1575–1584, doi:10.1056/nejmoa1109400, accessed June 23, 2017.

13. “Epidemiology of the IBD,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, March 31, 2015, https://www.cdc.gov/ibd/ibd-epidemiology.htm, accessed June 23, 2017.

14. A. C. Dukowicz, B. E. Lacy, and G. M. Levine, “Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth: A Comprehensive Review,” Gastroenterology & Hepatology 3, no. 2 (2007): 112–122, PMCID: PMC3099351, accessed June 23, 2017.

15. M. F. Leitzmann et al., “Recreational Physical Activity and the Risk of Cholecystectomy in Women,” New England Journal of Medicine 342, no. 3 (2000): 212–214, doi:10.1056/nejm200001203420313, accessed June 23, 2017.

16. Dr. Terry Wahls (July 13, 2015), Ann Louise Gittleman, PhD, CNS (June 6, 2017), and Alice Abler (November 3, 2016), “Debunking the Myths About GERD,” Price Pottenger, May 23, 2017, https://price-pottenger.org/journals/debunking-myths-about-gerd, accessed June 23, 2017.

17. J. A. Simon and E. S. Hudes, “Serum Ascorbic Acid and Gallbladder Disease Prevalence Among US Adults,” Archives of Internal Medicine 160, no. 7 (2000): 931, doi:10.1001/archinte.160.7.931, accessed June 23, 2017; E. Ginter, “Cholesterol: Vitamin C Controls Its Transformation to Bile Acids,” Science 179, no. 4074 (1973): 702–704, doi:10.1126/science.179.4074.702, accessed June 23, 2017.

18. Jonathan Wright, Why Stomach Acid Is Good for You: Natural Relief from Heartburn, Indigestion, Reflux and GERD (Lanham, MD: M. Evans & Co., 2001).

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22. Mitsuhiro Watanabe, “Bile Acids Induce Energy Expenditure by Promoting Intracellular Thyroid Hormone Activation,” Nature 439, no. 7075 (2006): 484–489, doi:10.1038/nature04330, accessed June 23, 2017; Johann Ockenga et al., “Plasma Bile Acids Are Associated with Energy Expenditure and Thyroid Function in Humans,” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 97, no. 2 (2012): 535–542, doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-2329, accessed June 23, 2017; Thomas, Auwerx, and Schoonjans, “Bile Acids and the Membrane Bile Acid Receptor TGR5.”

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25. J. Laukkarinen, “Mechanism of the Prorelaxing Effect of Thyroxine on the Sphincter of Oddi,” Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 37, no. 6 (2002): 667–673, doi:10.1080/00365520212492, accessed June 23, 2017.

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38. Nobuyo Tsuboyama-Kasaoka et al., “Taurine (2-Aminoethanesulfonic Acid) Deficiency Creates a Vicious Circle Promoting Obesity,” Endocrinology 147, no. 7 (2006): 3276–3284, doi: 10.1210/en.2005-1007, accessed June 23, 2017.

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CHAPTER 4: RADICAL RULE #3: REBUILD YOUR MUSCLES

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3. L. Wandrag et al., “Impact of Supplementation with Amino Acids or Their Metabolites on Muscle Wasting in Patients with Critical Illness or Other Muscle Wasting Illness: A Systematic Review,” Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 28, no. 4 (2014): 313–330, doi:10.1111/jhn.12238, accessed June 24, 2017; G. Marchesini et al., “Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation in Patients with Liver Diseases,” Journal of Nutrition 135, no. 6 Suppl. (June 2005): 1596S–1601S, http://jn.nutrition.org/content/135/6/1596S.long, accessed June 24, 2017.

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10. Shinobu Nishitani et al., “Branched-Chain Amino Acids Improve Glucose Metabolism in Rats with Liver Cirrhosis,” American Journal of Physiology—Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 288, no. 6 (June 2005): G1292–G1300, doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00510.2003, accessed June 24, 2017.

11. J. J. Hulmi, C. M. Lockwood, and J. R. Stout, “Effect of Protein/Essential Amino Acids and Resistance Training on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: A Case for Whey Protein,” Nutrition & Metabolism 7 (2010): 51, doi:10.1186/1743-7075-7-51, accessed June 24, 2017.

12. David Williams, MD, “The Health Benefits of Whey | Dr. Williams,” Digestion & Joint Health Tips & Vitamin Products, https://www.drdavidwilliams.com/the-health-benefits-of-whey, accessed June 24, 2017.

13. C. B. Newgard, “Interplay Between Lipids and Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Development of Insulin Resistance,” Cell Metabolism 15, no. 5 (2012): 606–614, doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.01.024, accessed June 24, 2017.

14. L. Wandrag et al., “Impact of Supplementation with Amino Acids or Their Metabolites on Muscle Wasting in Patients with Critical Illness or Other Muscle Wasting Illness: A Systematic Review,” Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 28 (2015): 313–330, doi: 10.1111/jhn.12238, accessed June 24, 2017.

15. H. Zhou and S. Huang, “Role of mTOR Signaling in Tumor Cell Motility, Invasion and Metastasis,” Current Protein & Peptide Science 12, no. 1 (2011): 30–42, PMCID: PMC3410744, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3410744/, accessed June 24, 2017.

16. A. C. Knapp et al., “Effect of Carnitine Deprivation on Carnitine Homeostasis and Energy Metabolism in Mice with Systemic Carnitine Deficiency,” Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 52 (2008): 136–144, doi:10.1159/000127390, accessed January 16, 2018.

17. A. Biswas, P. I. Oh, G. E. Faulkner, R. R. Bajaj, M. A. Silver, M. S. Mitchell et al., “Sedentary Time and Its Association with Risk for Disease Incidence, Mortality, and Hospitalization in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” Annals of Internal Medicine 162 (2015): 123–132, doi: 10.7326/M14-1651.

CHAPTER 5: RADICAL RULE #4: REPAIR YOUR GUT

1. J. Lloyd-Price, G. Abu-Ali, and C. Huttenhower, “The Healthy Human Microbiome,” Genome Medicine 8 (2016): 51, doi:10.1186/s13073-016-0307-y, accessed June 24, 2017; S. Qi, M. Chang, and L. Chai, “The Fungal Mycobiome and Its Interaction with Gut Bacteria in the Host,” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 2 (2017): 330, doi:10.3390/ijms18020330, accessed June 25, 2017; E. Delwart, “The Human Virome,” The Scientist Magazine, November 1, 2016, http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/47291/title/Viruses-of-the-Human-Body/, accessed June 24, 2017.

2. R. Sender, S. Fuchs, and R. Milo, “Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body,” bioRxiv 036103; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/036103, now published in PLOS Biology, doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002533, accessed June 24, 2017.

3. R. Eveleth, “There Are 37.2 Trillion Cells in Your Body,” Smithsonian Magazine, October 24, 2013, http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/there-are-372-trillion-cells-in-your-body-4941473/, accessed June 24, 2017.

4. F. Karlsson et al., “Assessing the Human Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Diseases,” Diabetes 62, no. 10 (2013): 3341–3349, doi:10.2337/db13-0844, accessed January 30, 2018; C. M. Ferreira et al., “The Central Role of the Gut Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases,” Journal of Immunology Research 2014 (2014);689492, doi:10.1155/2014/689492, accessed January 30, 2018.

5. F. D. Karlsson et al., “Symptomatic Atherosclerosis Is Associated with an Altered Gut Metagenome,” Nature Communications 3 (2012): 1245, doi:10.1038/ncomms2266, accessed June 25, 2017.

6. M. C. Dao et al., “Akkermansia muciniphila and Improved Metabolic Health During a Dietary Intervention in Obesity: Relationship with Gut Microbiome Richness and Ecology,” Gut 65 (2016): 426–436, accessed October 30, 2017.

7. L. Guo et al., “PGRP-SC2 Promotes Gut Immune Homeostasis to Limit Commensal Dysbiosis and Extend Lifespan,” Cell 156, no. 1–2 (January 16, 2014): 109–122, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.018, accessed June 24, 2017.

8. M. Sanchez et al., “Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 Supplementation on Weight Loss and Maintenance in Obese Men and Women,” British Journal of Nutrition 111, no. 8 (2013): 1507–1519, doi:10.1017/s0007114513003875, accessed June 24, 2017.

9. S.-P. Jung et al., “Effect of Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 on Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial,” Korean Journal of Family Medicine 34, no. 2 (2013): 80–89, doi:10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.2.80, accessed June 25, 2017.

10. M. Mar Rodríguez et al., “Obesity Changes the Human Gut Mycobiome,” Nature News (October 12, 2015), http://www.nature.com/articles/srep14600, accessed January 30, 2018; M. Ghannoum, “The Mycobiome,” The Scientist (February 1, 2016) http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/45153/title/The-Mycobiome/, accessed January 30, 2018.

11. S. O. Fetissov, “Role of the Gut Microbiota in Host Appetite Control: Bacterial Growth to Animal Feeding Behavior,” Nature Reviews Endocrinology 13, no. 1 (2016): 11–25, doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.150, accessed October 16, 2017.

12. Kelly Brogan, MD, “Psychobiotics: Bacteria for Your Brain?” GreenMedInfo (blog entry), July 2, 2015, http://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/psychobiotics-bacteria-your-brain, accessed June 25, 2017.

13. “Facts and Statistics,” FARE, https://www.foodallergy.org/facts-and-stats, accessed June 25, 2017.

14. “Intestinal Bacteria Influence Food Allergies,” ScienceDaily, September 7, 2016, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/09/160907125125.htm, accessed June 25, 2017.

15. J. Hollon et al., “Effect of Gliadin on Permeability of Intestinal Biopsy Explants from Celiac Disease Patients and Patients with Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity,” Nutrients 7, no. 3 (2015): 1565–1576, doi:10.3390/nu7031565, accessed June 25, 2017.

16. H. J. Freeman, “Hepatobiliary And Pancreatic Disorders in Celiac Disease,” World Journal of Gastroenterology 12, no. 10 (2006): 1503, doi:10.3748/wjg.v12.i10.1503, accessed June 25, 2017.

17. S. R. Gundry, The Plant Paradox: The Hidden Dangers in “Healthy” Foods That Cause Disease and Weight Gain (New York: Harper Wave, 2017).

18. “Genetically Engineered Foods May Cause Rising Food Allergies,” Organic Consumers Association, May 1, 2007, https://www.organicconsumers.org/news/genetically-engineered-foods-may-cause-rising-food-allergies, accessed June 25, 2017.

19. M. B. Abou-Donia et al., “Splenda Alters Gut Microflora and Increases Intestinal P-Glycoprotein and Cytochrome P-450 in Male Rats,” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 71, no. 21 (2008): 1415–1429, doi:10.1080/15287390802328630, accessed June 25, 2017.

20. V. Leone et al., “Effects of Diurnal Variation of Gut Microbes and High Fat Feeding on Host Circadian Clock Function and Metabolism,” Cell Host & Microbe 17, no. 5 (2015): 681–689, doi:10.1016/j.chom.2015.03.006, accessed June 25, 2017.

21. B. J. Hardick, “Is Xylitol a Friend or Foe?” DrHardick.com, April 14, 2017, http://drhardick.com/xylitol-sugar-alcohols, accessed June 25, 2017.

22. M. Kumar et al., “Cholesterol-Lowering Probiotics as Potential Biotherapeutics for Metabolic Diseases,” Experimental Diabetes Research 2012 (2012): 902917, doi:10.1155/2012/902917, accessed June 25, 2017.

23. A. T. Stefka et al., “Commensal Bacteria Protect Against Food Allergen Sensitization,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111, no. 36 (2014): 13145–13150, doi:10.1073/pnas.1412008111, accessed June 25, 2017.

24. J. Tan et al., “Dietary Fiber and Bacterial SCFA Enhance Oral Tolerance and Protect Against Food Allergy Through Diverse Cellular Pathways,” Cell Reports 15, no. 12 (2016): 2809–2824, doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.047, accessed June 25, 2017.

25. A. Trompette et al., “Gut Microbiota Metabolism of Dietary Fiber Influences Allergic Airway Disease and Hematopoiesis,” Nature Medicine 20, no. 2 (2014): 159–166, doi:10.1038/nm.3444, accessed June 25, 2017.

26. T. Raftery et al., “Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Intestinal Permeability, Cathelicidin and Disease Markers in Crohn’s Disease: Results from a Randomised Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study,” United European Gastroenterology Journal 3, no. 3 (2015): 294–302, doi:10.1177/2050640615572176, accessed June 25, 2017; S. Chen et al., “1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Preserves Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function from TNF-α Induced Injury via Suppression of NF-kB p65 Mediated MLCK-P-MLC Signaling Pathway,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 460, no. 3 (2015): 873–878, doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.125, accessed June 25, 2017.

27. C. Staley et al., “Successful Resolution of Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection Using Freeze-Dried, Encapsulated Fecal Microbiota; Pragmatic Cohort Study,” American Journal of Gastroenterology 112, no. 6 (2017): 940–947, doi:10.1038/ajg.2017.6, accessed June 25, 2017.

28. A. Vrieze et al., “Transfer of Intestinal Microbiota from Lean Donors Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome,” Gastroenterology 143, no. 4 (2012), doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.06.031, accessed June 25, 2017.

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CHAPTER 6: RADICAL RULE #5: REDUCE YOUR TOXIC LOAD

1. R. E. Brown et al., “Secular Differences in the Association Between Caloric Intake, Macronutrient Intake, and Physical Activity with Obesity,” Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 10, no. 3 (2016): 243–255, doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2015.08.007, accessed June 25, 2017.

2. “Body Burden: The Pollution in Newborns,” Environmental Working Group, July 14, 2005, http://www.ewg.org/research/body-burden-pollution-newborns, accessed June 25.

3. B. C. Wilding, K. Curtis, K. and Welker-Hood, “Hazardous Chemicals in Health Care,” Physicians for Social Responsibility, http://www.psr.org/assets/pdfs/hazardous-chemicals-in-health-care.pdf, accessed June 25, 2017.

4. “Drugs in the Water,” Harvard Health, Accessed October 17, 2017. https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/drugs-in-the-water.

5. S. Özen and S. Darcan, “Effects of Environmental Endocrine Disruptors on Pubertal Development,” Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology 3, no. 1 (2011): 1–6, doi:10.4274/jcrpe.v3i1.01, accessed June 26, 2017.

6. “Dirty Dozen Endocrine Disruptors,” Environmental Working Group, http://www.ewg.org/research/dirty-dozen-list-endocrine-disruptors, accessed June 26, 2017.

7. “Health Effects,” Fluoride Action Network, http://fluoridealert.org/issues/health/, accessed June 26, 2017.

8. “Pesticides,” Fluoride Action Network, http://fluoridealert.org/researchers/pesticide/, accessed June 26, 2017.

9. E. Malinowska et al., “Assessment of Fluoride Concentration and Daily Intake by Human from Tea and Herbal Infusions,” Food and Chemical Toxicology 46, no. 3 (2008): 1055–1061, doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.10.039, accessed June 26, 2017.

10. “The Japanese Secret That Doubles Fat Loss,” First for Women Magazine, November 13, 2017, 26–27.

11. Gadolinium Toxicity, https://gadoliniumtoxicity.com, accessed October 27, 2017.

12. C. Exley, “Aluminum Should Now Be Considered a Primary Etiological Factor in Alzheimer’s Disease,” Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease Reports 1, no. 1 (June 8, 2017): 23–25, doi:10.3233/ADR-170010, accessed June 26, 2017.

13. “Nickel—Toxicity and Detoxing,” DoctorMyhill, http://www.drmyhill.co.uk/wiki/Nickel_-_toxicity_and_detoxing, accessed June 26, 2017.

14. Y.-H. Chiou et al., “Nickel Accumulation in Lung Tissues Is Associated with Increased Risk of p53 Mutation in Lung Cancer Patients,” Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 55 ((2014): 624–632, doi:10.1002/em.21867, accessed June 26, 2017.

15. S. Olson, “E-Cigs’ Dangerous Duo: The Lowdown on Nickel and Chromium,” Medical Daily, September 2, 2014, http://www.medicaldaily.com/e-cigarettes-emit-levels-nickel-and-chromium-4-times-higher-tobacco-smoke-300704, accessed June 26, 2017.

16. L. Yin et al., “Associations of Blood Mercury, Inorganic Mercury, Methyl Mercury and Bisphenol A with Dental Surface Restorations in the U.S. Population, NHANES 2003–2004 and 2010–2012,” Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 134 (2016): 213–225, doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.09.001, accessed June 26, 2017.

17. J. T. Salonen et al., “Intake of Mercury from Fish, Lipid Peroxidation, and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Coronary, Cardiovascular, and Any Death in Eastern Finnish Men,” Circulation 91, no. 3 (1995): 645–655, doi:10.1161/01.cir.91.3.645, accessed June 26, 2017.

18. “Health Effects of Lead Exposure,” Oregon Department of Human Services, http://www.oregon.gov/oha/ph/HealthyEnvironments/HealthyNeighborhoods/LeadPoisoning/MedicalProvidersLaboratories/Documents/introhealtheffectsmedicalprovider.pdf, accessed June 26, 2017.

19. N. D. Vaziri, “Mechanisms of Lead-Induced Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease,” American Journal of Physiology—Heart and Circulatory Physiology 295, no. 2 (August 2008): H454–H465, doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00158.2008, accessed January 17, 2018.

20. J. A. Monro, R. Leon, and B. K. Puri, “The Risk of Contamination in Bone Broth Diets,” Medical Hypotheses 80, no. 4 (April 2013): 389–390, doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.12.026, accessed January 30, 2018.

21. K. Daniel, “Chicken Soup with Lead? Looking into a Controversy,” Dr. Kaayla Daniel: The Naughty Nutritionist, 2013, http://drkaayladaniel.com/boning-up-is-broth-contaminated-with-lead/, accessed January 30, 2018.

22. “The BEST Article on Glyphosate with Comments from Jeffrey Smith,” Institute for Responsible Technology, February 9, 2017, http://responsibletechnology.org/best-article-glyphosate-comments-jeffrey-smith/, accessed June 26, 2017.

23. J. L. Phillips, W. D. Winters, and L. Rutledge, “In Vitro Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields: Changes in Tumour Cell Properties,” International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine 49, no. 3 (1985): 463–469, doi:10.1080/09553008514552681, accessed October 24, 2017.

24. “Quotes from Experts,” Electromagnetichealth.org, July 18, 2010, http://electro magnetichealth.org/quotes-from-experts/, accessed June 26, 2017.

25. V. Burke, “Shungite: The Electropollution Solution,” January 9, 2018, www.shungite queen.com

26. Powerwatch, http://www.powerwatch.org.uk/, accessed June 26, 2017.

27. O. M. Amin, “Seasonal Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in the United States During 2000,” American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 66, no. 6 (2002): 799–803, doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2002.66.799, accessed June 26, 2017.

28. L. M. Stinton and E. A. Shaffer, “Epidemiology of Gallbladder Disease: Cholelithiasis and Cancer,” Gut and Liver 6, no. 2 (2012): 172–187, doi:10.5009/gnl.2012.6.2.172, accessed June 26, 2017.

29. “What Is Biotoxin Illness?” Biotoxin Journey, December 3, 2014, http://biotoxinjourney.com/what-is-biotoxin-illness/, accessed June 26, 2017.

30. A. L. Gittleman, “Medical Mysteries Solved with 6 Strands of Hair?” annlouise.com, February 20, 2015.

31. Environmental Working Group, http://www.ewg.org/, accessed June 26, 2017.

32. W. Chowanadisai et al., “Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Stimulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis Through cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Phosphorylation and Increased PGC-1α Expression,” Journal of Biological Chemistry 285, no. 1 (2010): 142–152, doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.030130, accessed January 18, 2018.

CHAPTER 7: DETOX YOUR KITCHEN

1. Sadettin Turhan, “Aluminium Contents in Baked Meats Wrapped in Aluminium Foil,” Meat Science 74, no. 4 (2006): 644–647, doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.03.031, accessed June 23, 2017.

2. C. A. Full, and F. M. Parkins, “Effect of Cooking Vessel Composition on Fluoride,” Journal of Dental Research 54, no. 1 (1975): 192, doi:10.1177/00220345750540012501, accessed June 23, 2017.

3. Truman Lewis, “Study Finds Teflon Chemical in Newborns’ Umbilical Cords,” Consumer Affairs, February 21, 2017, https://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2006/02/teflon_umbilical.html, accessed June 23, 2017.

4. Chun Z. Yang, “Estrogen Activity in Plastic Products: Yang et al. Respond,” Environmental Health Perspectives 119, no. 9 (2011), doi:10.1289/ehp.1103894r, accessed June 23, 2017.

5. “Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) & Public Health: Microwave Ovens,” World Health Organization, February 2005, http://www.who.int/peh-emf/publications/facts/info_microwaves/en/, accessed June 23, 2017.

6. D. F. George, M. M. Bilek, and D. R. Mckenzie,”Non-Thermal Effects in the Microwave Induced Unfolding of Proteins Observed by Chaperone Binding,” Bioelectromagnetics 29, no. 4 (2008): 324–330, doi:10.1002/bem.20382, accessed June 23, 2017.

7. “DNA and the Microwave Effect,” RF Safe, Penn State University, January 20, 2001, https://www.rfsafe.com/dna-and-the-microwave-effect/, accessed June 23, 2017.

8. F. Vallejo, F. A. Tomás-Barberán, and C. García-Viguera, “Phenolic Compound Contents in Edible Parts of Broccoli Inflorescences After Domestic Cooking,” Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 83, no. 14 (2003): 1511–1516, doi:10.1002/jsfa.1585, accessed June 23, 2017.

9. R. Quan et al, “Effects of Microwave Radiation on Anti-Infective Factors in Human Milk,” Pediatrics 89, no. 4, part 1 (1992): 667–669, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1557249, accessed June 23, 2017.

10. “Microwave Oven and Microwave Cooking Overview,” Powerwatch, http://www.powerwatch.org.uk/rf/microwaves.asp, accessed June 23, 2017.

CHAPTER 8: THE 4-DAY RADICAL INTENSIVE CLEANSE

1. C. Sandoval-Acuña, J. Ferreira, and H. Speisky, “Polyphenols and Mitochondria: An Update on Their Increasingly Emerging ROS-Scavenging Independent Actions,” Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 559 (2014): 75–90, doi:10.1016/j.abb.2014.05.017, accessed November 1, 2017.

2. “Lose Your Worst,” First for Women Magazine, June 19, 2017, 28–31.

3. C. A. Thaiss, “Persistent Microbiome Alterations Modulate the Rate of Post-Dieting Weight Regain,” Nature 540, no. 7634 (2016): 544–551, doi:10.1038/nature20796, accessed June 22, 2017.

4. M. C. Fogarty et al., “Acute and Chronic Watercress Supplementation Attenuates Exercise-Induced Peripheral Mononuclear Cell DNA Damage and Lipid Peroxidation,” British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 2 (2012): 293–301, doi:10.1017/s0007114512000992, accessed January 29, 2018.

5. “Watercress,” LifeExtension.com, http://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2007/11/sf_watercress/Page-01, accessed November 1, 2017.

CHAPTER 9: THE 21-DAY RADICAL REBOOT—AND BEYOND

1. N. Hongu and D. S. Sachan, “Caffeine, Carnitine and Choline Supplementation of Rats Decreases Body Fat and Serum Leptin Concentration as Does Exercise,” Journal of Nutrition 130, no. 2 (January 2000): 152–157, accessed January 16, 2018.

2. W. J. Pasman et al., “The Effect of Korean Pine Nut Oil on In Vitro CCK Release, on Appetite Sensations and on Gut Hormones in Post-Menopausal Overweight Women,” Lipids in Health and Disease 7, no. 10 (March 2008), doi:10.1186/1476-511x-7-10, accessed July 10, 2017.

3. S. Park et al., “Korean Pine Nut Oil Attenuated Hepatic Triacylglycerol Accumulation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice,” Nutrients 8, no. 1 (2016), doi:10.3390/nu8010059, accessed July 10, 2017.

4. “Dandy Tummy Bitters Recipe,” Mountain Rose Herbs Blog, https://blog.mountain roseherbs.com/dandy-tummy-bitters-recipe, accessed June 22, 2017.

5. B. Rubik, “How Does Pork Prepared in Various Ways Affect the Blood,” Weston A. Price Foundation, October 12, 2011, https://www.westonaprice.org/health-topics/food-features/how-does-pork-prepared-in-various-ways-affect-the-blood/, accessed November 3, 2017.

6. “The Down Side to High Oxalates–Problems with Sulfate, B6, Gut, and Methylation,” Beyond MTHFR, March 21, 2016, http://www.beyondmthfr.com/side-high-oxalates-problems-sulfate-b6-gut-methylation/, accessed June 22, 2017.

7. “Cornucopia Yogurt Buyer’s Guide,” https://www.cornucopia.org/yogurt-scorecard/, accessed June 22, 2017; Sandor Ellix Katz, Wild Fermentation: The Flavor, Nutrition, and Craft of Live-Culture Foods (White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing, 2016).

8. Katz, Wild Fermentation; Sally Fallon et al., Nourishing Traditions: The Cookbook That Challenges Politically Correct Nutrition and the Diet Dictocrats (Washington, DC: NewTrends Publishing, Inc., 2005).

9. Valerie Burke, “Val’s Naturally Fermented Veggies,” Panther Speak, February 2015, https://pantherspeak.wordpress.com/; Valerie Burke, “Val’s Naturally Fermented Pickles,” Panther Speak, August 2015, https://pantherspeak.wordpress.com.

10. Su-Chen Ho, Tsai Tzung-Hsun, Tsai Po-Jung, and Lin Chih-Cheng, “Protective Capacities of Certain Spices Against Peroxynitrite-Mediated Biomolecular Damage,” Food and Chemical Toxicology 46, no. 3 (2008): 920–928, doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.10.028, accessed June 22, 2017.

11. “Cancer-Fighting Properties of Horseradish Revealed,” ScienceDaily, May 17, 2016, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/05/160517122054.htm, accessed June 22, 2017.

12. Kento Kitada et al., “High Salt Intake Reprioritizes Osmolyte and Energy Metabolism for Body Fluid Conservation,” Journal of Clinical Investigation (May 18, 2017), https://www.jci.org/articles/view/88532, accessed June 22, 2017.

13. Robert H. Lustig, et al., “Isocaloric Fructose Restriction and Metabolic Improvement in Children with Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome,” Obesity 24, no. 2 (2015): 453–460, doi:10.1002/oby.21371, accessed June 22, 2017.

14. “Glycemic Index for Sweeteners,” http://www.sugar-and-sweetener-guide.com/glycemic-index-for-sweeteners.html, accessed June 22, 2017.

15. Susana Genta et al., “Yacon Syrup: Beneficial Effects on Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Humans,” Clinical Nutrition 28, no. 2 (2009): 182–187, doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2009.01.013, accessed June 22, 2017.

16. Aleksandra M. Mirończuk et al., “A Two-Stage Fermentation Process of Erythritol Production by Yeast Y. Lipolytica from Molasses and Glycerol,” Bioresource Technology 198 (2015): 445–455, doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.008, accessed June 22, 2017.

17. “The Healthiest Coffee in the World,” Dr. Sircus, April 10, 2017, http://drsircus.com/seed-nutrition/the-healthiest-coffee-in-the-world/, accessed June 22, 2017.

18. P. Shokouh et al., “A Combination of Coffee Compounds Shows Insulin-Sensitizing and Hepatoprotective Effects in a Rat Model of Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome,” Nutrients 10, no. 1 (December 2017): pii E6; doi: 10.3390/nu10010006, accessed January 16, 2018.

19. I. Park et al., “Effects of Subacute Ingestion of Chlorogenic Acids on Sleep Architecture and Energy Metabolism Through Activity of the Autonomic Nervous System: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Cross-Over Trial,” British Journal of Nutrition 117, no. 7 (April 2017): 979–984, doi: 10.1017/S0007114517000587, accessed January 16, 2018.

20. Haruna Baba et al., “Studies of Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Rooibos Tea in Rats,” Pediatrics International 51, no. 5 (2009): 700–704, doi:10.1111/j.1442-200x.2009.02835.x, accessed June 22, 2017; South African Rooibos Council, Rooibos Council, http://sarooibos.co.za/, accessed June 7, 2017.

21. J. Gill, “The Effects of Moderate Alcohol Consumption on Female Hormone Levels and Reproductive Function,” Alcohol and Alcoholism 35, no. 5 (2000): 417–423, doi:10.1093/alcalc/35.5.417, accessed June 22, 2017; J. S. Gavaler, “Alcoholic Beverages as a Source of Estrogens,” Alcohol Health and Research World 22, no. 3 (1998): 220–227, PMID:15706799, https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh22-3/220.pdf, accessed June 20, 2017.

22. “Cool Temperature Alters Human Fat and Metabolism,” National Institutes of Health, May 15, 2015, https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/cool-temperature-alters-human-fat-metabolism, accessed June 26, 2017.