NIV Cultural Backgrounds Study Bible

Joel 1

1 1:4 The precise meaning of the four Hebrew words used here for locusts is uncertain.

m S Isa 24:7

n Ps 105:34; Joel 2:2, 11, 25

o Rev 9:8

p Isa 5:6

q Am 4:9

r ver 13; Isa 22:12; Am 8:10

s S Hos 9:4

t S Isa 22:12

u S Isa 5:6; S 24:4; S Jer 3:3

v S Hos 9:2

w S Nu 18:12

x S Job 6:20; Am 5:16

y S Ex 9:31

z S Isa 17:11

a S Isa 15:6

b S Ex 28:33

c S Isa 16:8; Hag 2:19

d S Ge 37:34; S Jer 4:8

2 1:12 Or possibly apricot

e Joel 2:17

f ver 9; S Hos 9:4; Joel 2:14

g S 2Ch 20:3

h S Hos 4:1

i Jnh 3:8

j 2Ch 20:4

k S Isa 2:12; Jer 30:7; S 46:10; S Eze 30:3; Mal 4:5

l Joel 2:1, 11, 31; 3:14; Am 5:18; Zep 1:14; Zec 14:1

m S Ge 17:1

n Isa 3:7

3 1:15 Hebrew Shaddai

o S Ps 51:8

p Dt 12:7

q S Isa 17:10–11

r S Ge 47:4

4 1:17 The meaning of the Hebrew for this word is uncertain.

s S Jer 9:10

t Ps 50:15

u S Ps 97:3; Am 7:4

v S Jer 9:10

w S Ps 42:1; S 104:21

x 1Ki 17:7

y Joel 2:22

Joel 2

a S Nu 10:2, 7

b ver 15

c S Ex 15:17

d S Joel 1:15; Zep 1:14–16

e S Eze 12:23; S 30:3; Ob 1:15

f ver 10, 31; S Job 9:7; S Isa 8:22; S 13:10; Am 5:18

g S Eze 34:12; S Da 9:12; S Mt 24:21

h S Eze 38:9

i Zep 1:15; Rev 9:2

j S Joel 1:6

k Joel 1:2

l S Ps 97:3; S Isa 1:31

m S Ge 2:8

n Ex 10:12–15; Ps 105:34–35; S Isa 14:17

o Rev 9:7

p Rev 9:9

q Isa 5:24; 30:30

r S Isa 13:8

s S Isa 29:22

t S Job 16:14

z S Eze 38:19

a S ver 2; S Isa 5:30; S Mt 24:29; Mk 13:24; Rev 9:2

b S Job 9:7; S Ps 102:26; Isa 13:10; S Eze 32:8

c S Isa 2:12; S Eze 30:3; S Joel 1:15; Ob 1:15

d S Ps 29:3

e S ver 2, 25

f Zep 1:14

g S Eze 22:14; Zep 2:11; Rev 6:17

h S Dt 4:30; S Eze 33:11; S Hos 12:6

i S 1Sa 7:3

j Ps 51:17; Isa 57:15

k S Ge 37:29; S Nu 14:6; Job 1:20

l S Isa 19:22

m S Dt 4:31

n Ex 34:6; S Ps 86:5, 15

o S Jer 18:8; Jnh 4:2

p Jer 26:3; Jnh 3:9

q Am 5:15; Jnh 1:6

r Jer 31:14; Hag 2:19; Zec 8:13; Mal 3:10

s S Joel 1:13

t S Nu 10:2

u ver 1

v S 2Ch 20:3; Jer 36:9

w S Ex 32:5; Nu 10:3

x S Ex 19:10, 22

b S Isa 22:12

d Dt 9:26–29; Ps 44:13

e S 1Ki 9:7; S Job 17:6

f S Ps 42:3

g S Isa 26:11; Zec 1:14; 8:2

h S Ps 72:13

i Ps 4:7

j S Jer 31:12

k S Lev 26:5

l S Eze 34:29

m Jer 1:14–15

1 2:18, 19 Or LORD will be jealous . . . / and take pity . . . / 19The LORD will reply

n S Isa 34:3

o S Isa 29:22; S 54:4; Zep 3:16–17

p S Ps 9:2

q S Ps 126:3; S Isa 25:1

r S Ps 65:12

s S 1Ki 4:25

t S Nu 16:14

u Joel 1:18–20; Zec 8:12

v Ps 33:21; 97:12; 149:2; Isa 12:6; 41:16; 66:14; Hab 3:18; Zec 10:7

w S Isa 45:8

x S Job 36:28; S Eze 34:26

y Ps 84:6

z S Lev 26:4; S Ps 135:7; Jas 5:7

a Lev 26:10; Mal 3:10

b S Pr 3:10; Joel 3:18; Am 9:13

c S Ex 10:14; Am 4:9

d S Dt 28:39

e S Joel 1:6

f S Lev 26:5

2 2:25 The precise meaning of the four Hebrew words used here for locusts is uncertain.

g S Lev 23:40; S Isa 62:9

h S Ps 126:3; S Isa 25:1

i S Isa 29:22

j S Ex 6:7

k S Ex 6:2; S Isa 44:8; Joel 3:17

l Isa 45:17; 54:4; Zep 3:11

m S Isa 11:2; S 44:3

n S Nu 11:17; S Mk 1:8; Gal 3:14

o S 1Sa 19:20

p Jer 23:25

q 1Co 12:13; Gal 3:28

r S Eze 36:27

s Lk 21:11

t Mk 13:24–25

u S ver 2; S Isa 22:5; S Jer 4:23; S Mt 24:29

v S Joel 1:15; Ob 1:15; Mal 3:2; 4:1, 5

w S Ge 4:26; S Ps 105:1

x S Ps 106:8; Ac 2:17–21*; Ro 10:13*

y S Isa 46:13

z Ob 1:17

a S Isa 1:9; 11:11; Mic 4:7; 7:18; S Ro 9:27

b Ac 2:39

3 2:32 In Hebrew texts 2:28–32 is numbered 3:1–5.

Joel 3

1 In Hebrew texts 3:1–21 is numbered 4:1–21.

a S Dt 30:3; S Jer 16:15; S Eze 38:8; Zep 3:20

b Jer 40:5

c Zep 3:8

d ver 12; S Isa 22:1

e S Isa 13:9; S Jer 2:35; S Eze 36:5

f S Ge 11:4; S Lev 26:33

g S Job 6:27; S Eze 24:6

2 3:2 Jehoshaphat means the LORD judges; also in verse 12.

h Joel 1:5; Am 2:6

i S Ge 10:15; S Mt 11:21

j S Ps 87:4; Isa 14:29–31; Jer 47:1–7

k S Lev 26:28; S Isa 34:8; S Eze 25:15–17; Zec 9:5–7

l S 1Ki 15:18; S 2Ch 21:16–17

m Eze 27:13; Zec 9:13

3 3:5 Or palaces

n S Isa 43:5–6; Jer 23:8

o S Isa 66:6

p Isa 60:14

q Isa 14:2

r S Ge 10:7; S 2Ch 9:1

s S Isa 23:1; S Jer 30:16

t S Isa 8:9

u Jer 46:4

v Isa 2:4

w S Nu 25:7

x Zec 12:8

y S Jos 1:6

z Eze 38:15–16; Zep 3:8

a S Isa 13:3

b S ver 2

c S Ps 82:1; S Isa 2:4

d Mk 4:29

e S Isa 17:5; S Hos 6:11; Mt 13:39; Rev 14:15–19

f S Jer 25:30

g S Jdg 6:11; S Rev 14:20

h Isa 13:4

i S Isa 22:1

j Isa 34:2–8; S Joel 1:15; S Zep 1:7

k S Isa 2:4; S Eze 36:5

l S Job 9:7; S Eze 32:7

m S Isa 42:13

n Am 1:2

o S Jdg 5:4; S Isa 14:16; S Eze 38:19

p S Ps 46:1; S Isa 25:4; Zec 12:8

q S 2Sa 22:3; Jer 16:19; Zec 9:12

r S Ex 6:7

s S Joel 2:27

t S Ps 74:2; S Isa 4:3

u Ps 2:6; S Isa 2:2; S Eze 17:22

v S Jer 31:40

w S Isa 52:1; S Eze 44:9; Zec 9:8

x S Joel 2:24

y Ex 3:8; S SS 5:1

z S Isa 30:25; 35:6; S 44:3

a Rev 22:1–2

b S Nu 25:1; S Isa 25:6; S Jer 31:12; S Eze 47:1; Am 9:13

c S Isa 19:1

4 3:18 Or Valley of Shittim

d S Isa 11:14; S 34:11

e S Jer 51:35; Ob 1:10

f S Ezr 9:12; Am 9:15

g S Isa 1:15

h S Eze 36:25

i S Ps 74:2; Isa 59:20; S Eze 48:35; Zec 8:3