DATES IN EZEKIEL
July 31, 593 BC
Event: Inaugural vision
Reference: 1. 1:1
Year: 30
Month: 4
Day: 5
—
Event: —
Reference: 1:2
Year: 5
Month: —
Day: 5
—
Event: —
Reference: 3:16
Year: “At the end of seven days”
Month: —
Day: —
Sept. 17, 592
Event: Transport to Jerusalem
Reference: 2. 8:1
Year: 6
Month: 6
Day: 5
Aug. 14, 591
Event: Negative view of Israel’s history
Reference: 3. 20:1–2
Year: 7
Month: 5
Day: 10
Jan. 15, 588
Apr. 23, 587 to Apr. 13, 586
Jan. 7, 587
Event: Prophecy against Egypt
Reference: 6. 29:1
Year: 10
Month: 10
Day: 12
Apr. 26, 571
Event: Egypt in exchange for Tyre
Reference: 7. 29:17
Year: 27
Month: 1
Day: 1
Apr. 29, 587
Event: Prophecy against Pharaoh
Reference: 8. 30:20
Year: 11
Month: 1
Day: 7
June 21, 587
Event: Prophecy against Pharaoh
Reference: 9. 31:1
Year: 11
Month: 3
Day: 1
Mar. 3, 585
Event: Lament over Pharaoh
Reference: 10. 32:1
Year: 12
Month: 12
Day: 1
Apr. 13, 586 to Apr. 1, 585
Event: Egypt dead
Reference: 11. 32:17
Year: 12
Month: —
Day: 15
Jan. 8, 585
Event: Arrival of first fugitive
Reference: 12. 33:21
Year: 12
Month: 10
Day: 5
Apr. 28, 573
Event: Vision of the future
Reference: 13. 40:1
Year: 25
Month: 1
Day: 10
—
Event: —
Reference: 40:1
Year: “fourteenth year after the fall of the city”
Month: —
Day: —
Themes
The OT in general and the prophets in particular presuppose and teach God’s sovereignty over all creation, over people and nations and the course of history. And nowhere in the Bible are God’s initiative and control expressed more clearly and pervasively than in the book of Ezekiel. From the first chapter, which graphically describes the overwhelming invasion of the divine presence into Ezekiel’s world, to the last phrase of Ezekiel’s vision (“ THE LORD IS THERE ”), the book sounds and echoes God’s sovereignty.
Ezekiel powerfully depicts the grandeur and glory of God’s sovereign rule and his holiness, which he jealously safeguards.
This sovereign God resolved that he would be known and acknowledged. Approximately 65 occurrences of the clause (or variations on) “Then they will know that I am the LORD ” testify to that divine desire and intention (see note on 6:7 ). Overall, chs. 1–24 teach that God will be revealed in the fall of Jerusalem and the destruction of the temple; chs. 25–32 teach that the nations likewise will know God through his judgments; and chs. 33–48 promise that God will be known through the restoration and spiritual renewal of Israel.
God’s total sovereignty is also evident in his mobility. He is not limited to the temple in Jerusalem. He can respond to his people’s sin by leaving his sanctuary in Israel, and he can graciously condescend to visit his exiled children in Babylonia.
God is free to judge, and he is equally free to be gracious. His stern judgments on Israel ultimately reflect his grace. He allows the total dismemberment of Israel’s political and religious life so that her renewed life and his presence with her will be clearly seen as a gift from the Lord of the universe.
Furthermore, as God’s spokesman, Ezekiel’s “son of man” status (see note on 2:1 ) testifies to the sovereign God he was commissioned to serve.
See also Theological Significance below.
Literary Features
The three Major Prophets (Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel) and Zephaniah all have the same basic sequence of messages: (1) messages against Israel, (2) messages against the nations, (3) consolation for Israel. In no other book is this pattern clearer than in Ezekiel (see Outline).
Besides clarity of structure, the book of Ezekiel reveals symmetry. The vision of the desecrated temple fit for destruction (chs. 8–11 ) is balanced by the vision of the restored and purified temple (chs. 40–48 ). The God presented in agitated wrath (ch. 1 ) is also shown to be a God of comfort (“ THE LORD IS THERE, ” 48:35 ). Ezekiel’s call to be a watchman announcing divine judgment (ch. 3 ) is balanced by his call to be a watchman announcing the new age to follow (ch. 33 ). In one place (ch. 6 ) the mountains of Israel receive a prophetic rebuke, but in another (ch. 36 ) they are consoled.
Prophetic books are usually largely poetic, the prophets apparently having spoken in imaginative and rhythmic styles. Most of Ezekiel, however, is prose, perhaps due to his priestly background. His repetitions have an unforgettable hammering effect, and his priestly orientation is also reflected in a case-law type of sentence (compare 3:19 , “If you do warn the wicked …,” with Ex 21:2 , “If you buy a Hebrew servant …”).
The book contains four major visions (chs. 1–3 ; 8–11 ; 37:1–14 ; 40–48 ) and 12 symbolic acts ( 3:22–26 ; 4:1–3 ; 4:4–8 ; 4:9–11 ; 4:12–14 ; 5:1–3 ; 12:1–16 ; 12:17–20 ; 21:6–7 ; 21:18–24 ; 24:15–24 ; 37:15–28 ). Five messages are in the form of parables (chs. 15 ; 16 ; 17 ; 19 ; 23 ).
Luxor temple at Thebes, Egypt. Ezekiel 30:14 predicts the destruction of Thebes by Nebuchadnezzar.
© WorldWideImages/ www.istockphoto.com
Theological Significance
Other prophets deal largely with Israel’s idolatry, with her moral corruption in public and private affairs and with her international intrigues and alliances, upon which she relied instead of on the Lord. They announce God’s impending judgment on his rebellious nation but speak also of a future redemption: a new exodus, a new covenant, a restored Jerusalem, a revived Davidic dynasty, a worldwide recognition of the Lord and his Messiah and a paradise-like peace.
The contours and sweep of Ezekiel’s message are similar, but he focuses uniquely on Israel as the holy people of the holy temple, the holy city and the holy land. By defiling her worship, Israel had rendered herself unclean and had defiled temple, city and land. From such defilement God could only withdraw and judge his people with national destruction.
But God’s faithfulness to his covenant and his desire to save were so great that he would revive his people once more, shepherd them with compassion, cleanse them of all their defilement, reconstitute them as a perfect expression of his kingdom under the hand of “David” ( 34:23–24 ), overwhelm all the forces and powers arrayed against them, display his glory among the nations and restore the glory of his presence to the holy city.
Ezekiel powerfully depicts the grandeur and glory of God’s sovereign rule (see Themes) and his holiness, which he jealously safeguards. The book’s theological center is the unfolding of God’s saving purposes in the history of the world—from the time in which he must withdraw from the defilement of his covenant people to the culmination of his grand design of redemption. The message of Ezekiel, which is ultimately eschatological, anticipates—even demands—God’s future works in history proclaimed by the NT.
Outline
I. Messages of Judgment against Israel (chs. 1–24 )
A. Ezekiel’s Inaugural Vision (chs. 1–3 )
1. Overwhelming display of the glory of the Lord (ch. 1 )2. Ezekiel’s call to be a prophet ( 2:1–3:15 )3. Ezekiel’s call as watchman ( 3:16–21 )4. Restraints on Ezekiel’s prophetic ministry ( 3:22–27 )B. Symbolic Acts Portraying the Siege of Jerusalem (chs. 4–5 )
1. Ezekiel’s symbolic siege of Jerusalem (ch. 4 )2. God’s razor of judgment at work (ch. 5 )C. Messages of Divine Judgment (chs. 6–7 )
1. Doom for the mountains of Israel (ch. 6 )2. The end has come on the land (ch. 7 )D. Corruption of the Temple and Its Consequences (chs. 8–11 )
1. Idolatry in the temple (ch. 8 )2. Judgment on the idolaters (ch. 9 )3. God’s glory departs from the temple (ch. 10 )4. God’s sure judgment on Jerusalem ( 11:1–14 )5. Those in exile to be restored ( 11:15–21 )6. Conclusion ( 11:22–25 )E. Ezekiel Symbolizes the Exile of Jerusalem (ch. 12 )
1. An exile’s baggage ( 12:1–16 )2. Anxious eating ( 12:17–20 )3. The imminence of judgment ( 12:21–28 )F. Messages concerning God’s Judgment on Judah ( 13:1–24:14 )
1. Condemnation of the false prophets (ch. 13 )2. Condemnation of the idolaters ( 14:1–11 )3. No mediators can turn back God’s judgment ( 14:12–23 )4. Jerusalem compared to a piece of burnt vine (ch. 15 )5. Jerusalem allegorized as an adulterous wife (ch. 16 )6. Allegory of two eagles and a vine (ch. 17 )7. The one who sins will die (ch. 18 )8. Lament over the fall of Jerusalem’s kings (ch. 19 )9. Apostate Israel purged and renewed through judgment ( 20:1–44 )10. Babylonia, God’s sword of judgment ( 20:45–21:32 )11. The sins for which Jerusalem is judged (ch. 22 )12. Jerusalem and Samaria allegorized as adulterous sisters (ch. 23 )13. Jerusalem cooked over the fire ( 24:1–14 )G. The Death of Ezekiel’s Wife Symbolizes Jerusalem’s Fall ( 24:15–27 )
II. Messages of Judgment against the Nations (chs. 25–32 )
A. A Prophecy against Ammon ( 25:1–7 )
B. A Prophecy against Moab ( 25:8–11 )
C. A Prophecy against Edom ( 25:12–14 )
D. A Prophecy against Philistia ( 25:15–17 )
E. A Prophecy against Tyre ( 26:1–28:19 )
1. Tyre’s destruction announced (ch. 26 )2. A lament over Tyre (ch. 27 )3. A prophecy against the king of Tyre ( 28:1–19 )F. A Prophecy against Sidon ( 28:20–24 )
(For Israel, a restoration, 28:25–26 )
G. A Prophecy against Egypt (chs. 29–32 )
1. Egypt a doomed monster ( 29:1–16 )2. Egypt a payment to Nebuchadnezzar ( 29:17–21 )3. Laments over Egypt ( 30:1–19 )4. The pharaoh’s arms are broken ( 30:20–26 )5. The pharaoh a felled Lebanon cedar (ch. 31 )6. Lament over the pharaoh ( 32:1–16 )7. The pharaoh consigned to the realm of the dead ( 32:17–32 )III. Messages of Consolation for Israel (chs. 33–48 )
A. Renewal of Ezekiel’s Call as Watchman ( 33:1–20 )
B. Jerusalem’s Fall Reported and Its Remnant Condemned ( 33:21–33 )
C. The Lord to Be Israel’s Shepherd (ch. 34 )
D. A Prophecy against Edom (ch. 35 )
E. Israel’s Complete Restoration Announced (ch. 36 )
F. Israel’s Dry Bones Revived and Unity Restored (ch. 37 )
1. Israel’s dry bones restored to life ( 37:1–14 )2. Again one nation under one King ( 37:15–28 )G. The Great Battle of the Ages (chs. 38–39 )
H. The New Order for Purified Israel (chs. 40–48 )
1. The temple area restored ( 40:1–47 )2. The new temple ( 40:48–42:20 )3. God’s glory returns to the temple ( 43:1–12 )4. Restoration of the altar of burnt offering ( 43:13–27 )5. Restoration of the priesthood (ch. 44 )6. Restoration of the theocratic order (chs. 45–46 )7. The river of life from the temple ( 47:1–12 )8. The boundaries of the land ( 47:13–23 )9. The distribution of the land ( 48:1–29 )10. The twelve gates of the new city ( 48:30–35 )
Ezekiel’s Inaugural Vision
1 ‡ In my thirtieth year, in the fourth month on the fifth day, while I was among the exiles † by the Kebar River, † the heavens were opened † and I saw visions † of God.
2 ‡ On the fifth of the month—it was the fifth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin † — 3 ‡ the word of the LORD came to Ezekiel † the priest, the son of Buzi, by the Kebar River in the land of the Babylonians. [1] There the hand of the LORD was on him. †
4 ‡ I looked, and I saw a windstorm † coming out of the north † —an immense cloud with flashing lightning and surrounded by brilliant light. The center of the fire looked like glowing metal, † 5 ‡ and in the fire was what looked like four living creatures. † In appearance their form was human, † 6 ‡ but each of them had four faces † and four wings. 7 ‡ Their legs were straight; their feet were like those of a calf and gleamed like burnished bronze. † 8 Under their wings on their four sides they had human hands. † All four of them had faces and wings, 9 and the wings of one touched the wings of another. Each one went straight ahead; they did not turn as they moved. †
10 ‡ Their faces looked like this: Each of the four had the face of a human being, and on the right side each had the face of a lion, and on the left the face of an ox; each also had the face of an eagle. † 11 Such were their faces. They each had two wings † spreading out upward, each wing touching that of the creature on either side; and each had two other wings covering its body. 12 ‡ Each one went straight ahead. Wherever the spirit would go, they would go, without turning as they went. † 13 ‡ The appearance of the living creatures was like burning coals † of fire or like torches. Fire moved back and forth among the creatures; it was bright, and lightning † flashed out of it. 14 The creatures sped back and forth like flashes of lightning. †
15 ‡ As I looked at the living creatures, † I saw a wheel † on the ground beside each creature with its four faces. 16 ‡ This was the appearance and structure of the wheels: They sparkled like topaz, † and all four looked alike. Each appeared to be made like a wheel intersecting a wheel. 17 As they moved, they would go in any one of the four directions the creatures faced; the wheels did not change direction † as the creatures went. 18 ‡ Their rims were high and awesome, and all four rims were full of eyes † all around.
19 When the living creatures moved, the wheels beside them moved; and when the living creatures rose from the ground, the wheels also rose. 20 Wherever the spirit would go, they would go, † and the wheels would rise along with them, because the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels. 21 When the creatures moved, they also moved; when the creatures stood still, they also stood still; and when the creatures rose from the ground, the wheels rose along with them, because the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels. †
22 ‡ Spread out above the heads of the living creatures was what looked something like a vault, † sparkling like crystal, and awesome. 23 Under the vault their wings were stretched out one toward the other, and each had two wings covering its body. 24 When the creatures moved, I heard the sound of their wings, like the roar of rushing † waters, like the voice † of the Almighty, [2] like the tumult of an army. † When they stood still, they lowered their wings.
25 ‡ Then there came a voice from above the vault over their heads as they stood with lowered wings. 26 ‡ Above the vault over their heads was what looked like a throne † of lapis lazuli, † and high above on the throne was a figure like that of a man. † 27 I saw that from what appeared to be his waist up he looked like glowing metal, as if full of fire, and that from there down he looked like fire; and brilliant light surrounded him. † 28 ‡ Like the appearance of a rainbow † in the clouds on a rainy day, so was the radiance around him. †
This was the appearance of the likeness of the glory † of the LORD . When I saw it, I fell facedown, † and I heard the voice of one speaking.
Ezekiel’s Call to Be a Prophet
1 ‡ He said to me, “Son of man, [3] † stand † up on your feet and I will speak to you. † ” 2 ‡ As he spoke, the Spirit came into me and raised me † to my feet, and I heard him speaking to me.
3 ‡ He said: “Son of man, I am sending you to the Israelites, to a rebellious nation that has rebelled against me; they and their ancestors have been in revolt against me to this very day. † 4 The people to whom I am sending you are obstinate and stubborn. † Say to them, ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says.’ † 5 And whether they listen or fail to listen † —for they are a rebellious people † —they will know that a prophet has been among them. † 6 ‡ And you, son of man, do not be afraid † of them or their words. Do not be afraid, though briers and thorns † are all around you and you live among scorpions. Do not be afraid of what they say or be terrified by them, though they are a rebellious people. † 7 You must speak † my words to them, whether they listen or fail to listen, for they are rebellious. † 8 But you, son of man, listen to what I say to you. Do not rebel † like that rebellious people; † open your mouth and eat † what I give you.”
9 Then I looked, and I saw a hand † stretched out to me. In it was a scroll, † 10 ‡ which he unrolled before me. On both sides of it were written words of lament and mourning and woe. †
1 ‡ And he said to me, “Son of man, eat what is before you, eat this scroll; then go and speak to the people of Israel.” 2 So I opened my mouth, and he gave me the scroll to eat.
3 ‡ Then he said to me, “Son of man, eat this scroll I am giving you and fill your stomach with it.” So I ate † it, and it tasted as sweet as honey † in my mouth.
4 He then said to me: “Son of man, go now to the people of Israel and speak my words to them. † 5 You are not being sent to a people of obscure speech and strange language, † but to the people of Israel— 6 ‡ not to many peoples of obscure speech and strange language, whose words you cannot understand. Surely if I had sent you to them, they would have listened to you. † 7 But the people of Israel are not willing to listen † to you because they are not willing to listen to me, for all the Israelites are hardened and obstinate. † 8 But I will make you as unyielding and hardened as they are. † 9 ‡ I will make your forehead † like the hardest stone, harder than flint. † Do not be afraid of them or terrified by them, though they are a rebellious people. † ”
10 ‡ And he said to me, “Son of man, listen carefully and take to heart † all the words I speak to you. 11 ‡ Go † now to your people in exile and speak to them. Say to them, ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says,’ † whether they listen or fail to listen. † ”
12 ‡ Then the Spirit lifted me up, † and I heard behind me a loud rumbling sound as the glory of the LORD rose from the place where it was standing. [4] 13 It was the sound of the wings of the living creatures † brushing against each other and the sound of the wheels beside them, a loud rumbling sound. † 14 ‡ The Spirit † then lifted me up † and took me away, and I went in bitterness and in the anger of my spirit, with the strong hand of the LORD † on me. 15 ‡ I came to the exiles who lived at Tel Aviv near the Kebar River. † And there, where they were living, I sat among them for seven days † —deeply distressed.
Ezekiel’s Task as Watchman
16 ‡ At the end of seven days the word of the LORD came to me: † 17 ‡ “Son of man, I have made you a watchman † for the people of Israel; so hear the word I speak and give them warning from me. † 18 When I say to a wicked person, ‘You will surely die, † ’ and you do not warn them or speak out to dissuade them from their evil ways in order to save their life, that wicked person will die for [5] their sin, and I will hold you accountable for their blood. † 19 But if you do warn the wicked person and they do not turn † from their wickedness † or from their evil ways, they will die † for their sin; but you will have saved yourself. †
20 ‡ “Again, when a righteous person turns † from their righteousness and does evil, and I put a stumbling block † before them, they will die. Since you did not warn them, they will die for their sin. The righteous things that person did will not be remembered, and I will hold you accountable for their blood. † 21 But if you do warn the righteous person not to sin and they do not sin, they will surely live because they took warning, and you will have saved yourself. † ”
22 ‡ The hand of the LORD † was on me there, and he said to me, “Get up and go † out to the plain, † and there I will speak to you.” 23 So I got up and went out to the plain. And the glory of the LORD was standing there, like the glory I had seen by the Kebar River, † and I fell facedown. †
24 Then the Spirit came into me and raised me † to my feet. He spoke to me and said: “Go, shut yourself inside your house. † 25 ‡ And you, son of man, they will tie with ropes; you will be bound so that you cannot go out among the people. † 26 ‡ I will make your tongue stick to the roof † of your mouth so that you will be silent and unable to rebuke them, for they are a rebellious people. † 27 But when I speak to you, I will open your mouth and you shall say to them, ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says.’ † Whoever will listen let them listen, and whoever will refuse let them refuse; for they are a rebellious people. †
Siege of Jerusalem Symbolized
1 ‡ “Now, son of man, take a block of clay, put it in front of you and draw the city of Jerusalem on it. 2 Then lay siege to it: Erect siege works against it, build a ramp † up to it, set up camps against it and put battering rams around it. † 3 ‡ Then take an iron pan, † place it as an iron wall between you and the city and turn your face toward † it. It will be under siege, and you shall besiege it. This will be a sign † to the people of Israel. †
4 ‡ “Then lie on your left side and put the sin of the people of Israel upon yourself. [6] You are to bear their sin for the number of days you lie on your side. 5 ‡ I have assigned you the same number of days as the years of their sin. So for 390 days you will bear the sin of the people of Israel.
6 ‡ “After you have finished this, lie down again, this time on your right side, and bear the sin † of the people of Judah. I have assigned you 40 days, a day for each year. † 7 ‡ Turn your face † toward the siege of Jerusalem and with bared arm prophesy against her. 8 I will tie you up with ropes so that you cannot turn from one side to the other until you have finished the days of your siege. †
9 ‡ “Take wheat and barley, beans and lentils, millet and spelt; † put them in a storage jar and use them to make bread for yourself. You are to eat it during the 390 days you lie on your side. 10 Weigh out twenty shekels [7] † of food to eat each day and eat it at set times. 11 Also measure out a sixth of a hin [8] of water and drink it at set times. † 12 Eat the food as you would a loaf of barley bread; bake it in the sight of the people, using human excrement † for fuel.” 13 The LORD said, “In this way the people of Israel will eat defiled food among the nations where I will drive them.” †
14 Then I said, “Not so, Sovereign LORD ! † I have never defiled myself. From my youth until now I have never eaten anything found dead † or torn by wild animals. No impure meat has ever entered my mouth. † ”
15 ‡ “Very well,” he said, “I will let you bake your bread over cow dung instead of human excrement.”
16 He then said to me: “Son of man, I am about to cut off † the food supply in Jerusalem. The people will eat rationed food in anxiety and drink rationed water in despair, † 17 for food and water will be scarce. † They will be appalled at the sight of each other and will waste away because of [9] their sin. †
God’s Razor of Judgment
1 ‡ “Now, son of man, take a sharp sword and use it as a barber’s razor † to shave † your head and your beard. † Then take a set of scales and divide up the hair. 2 ‡ When the days of your siege come to an end, burn † a third † of the hair inside the city. Take a third and strike it with the sword all around the city. And scatter a third to the wind. † For I will pursue them with drawn sword. † 3 But take a few hairs and tuck them away in the folds of your garment. † 4 Again, take a few of these and throw them into the fire † and burn them up. A fire will spread from there to all Israel.
5 ‡ “This is what the Sovereign LORD says: This is Jerusalem, which I have set in the center of the nations, with countries all around her. † 6 ‡ Yet in her wickedness she has rebelled against my laws and decrees more than the nations and countries around her. She has rejected my laws and has not followed my decrees. †
7 “Therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says: You have been more unruly than the nations around you and have not followed my decrees or kept my laws. You have not even [10] conformed to the standards of the nations around you. †
8 ‡ “Therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says: I myself am against you, Jerusalem, and I will inflict punishment on you in the sight of the nations. † 9 Because of all your detestable idols, I will do to you what I have never done before and will never do again. † 10 ‡ Therefore in your midst parents will eat their children, and children will eat their parents. † I will inflict punishment on you and will scatter all your survivors to the winds. † 11 ‡ Therefore as surely as I live, † declares the Sovereign † LORD , because you have defiled my sanctuary † with all your vile images † and detestable practices, † I myself will shave you; I will not look on you with pity or spare you. † 12 A third of your people will die of the plague or perish by famine inside you; a third will fall by the sword outside your walls; and a third I will scatter to the winds † and pursue with drawn sword. †
13 ‡ “Then my anger will cease and my wrath † against them will subside, and I will be avenged. † And when I have spent my wrath on them, they will know that I the LORD have spoken in my zeal. †
14 “I will make you a ruin and a reproach among the nations around you, in the sight of all who pass by. † 15 ‡ You will be a reproach † and a taunt, a warning † and an object of horror to the nations around you when I inflict punishment on you in anger and in wrath and with stinging rebuke. † I the LORD have spoken. † 16 ‡ When I shoot at you with my deadly and destructive arrows of famine, I will shoot to destroy you. I will bring more and more famine upon you and cut off your supply of food. † 17 I will send famine and wild beasts † against you, and they will leave you childless. Plague and bloodshed † will sweep through you, and I will bring the sword against you. I the LORD have spoken. † ”
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Masada with a siege ramp along the right side of the photo. Enemies would build a ramp up to the top of a city wall to make it easier to attack the city. In Ezekiel 4:1–2 , God instructs Ezekiel, “Take a block of clay, put it in front of you and draw the city of Jerusalem on it. Then lay siege to it: Erect siege works against it, build a ramp up to it, set up camps against it and put battering rams around it.”
© 1995 Phoenix Data Systems
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Assyrian soldiers destroying the walls of a city with a battering ram (Nimrud, c. 865 BC)
Z. Radovan/ www.BibleLandPictures.com
Doom for the Mountains of Israel
1 ‡ The word of the LORD came to me: 2 “Son of man, set your face † against the mountains † of Israel; prophesy against them † 3 ‡ and say: ‘You mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Sovereign LORD . This is what the Sovereign LORD says to the mountains and hills, to the ravines and valleys: † I am about to bring a sword against you, and I will destroy your high places. † 4 ‡ Your altars will be demolished and your incense altars † will be smashed; and I will slay your people in front of your idols. † 5 I will lay the dead bodies of the Israelites in front of their idols, and I will scatter your bones † around your altars. † 6 Wherever you live, † the towns will be laid waste and the high places † demolished, so that your altars will be laid waste and devastated, your idols † smashed and ruined, your incense altars † broken down, and what you have made wiped out. † 7 ‡ Your people will fall slain † among you, and you will know that I am the LORD . †
8 “ ‘But I will spare some, for some of you will escape † the sword when you are scattered among the lands and nations. † 9 ‡ Then in the nations where they have been carried captive, those who escape will remember † me—how I have been grieved † by their adulterous hearts, which have turned away from me, and by their eyes, which have lusted after their idols. † They will loathe themselves for the evil † they have done and for all their detestable practices. † 10 And they will know that I am the LORD ; † I did not threaten in vain to bring this calamity on them. †
11 ‡ “ ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says: Strike your hands together and stamp your feet and cry out “Alas!” because of all the wicked and detestable practices of the people of Israel, for they will fall by the sword, famine and plague. † 12 One who is far away will die of the plague, and one who is near will fall by the sword, and anyone who survives and is spared will die of famine. So will I pour out my wrath † on them. † 13 And they will know that I am the LORD , when their people lie slain among their idols † around their altars, on every high hill and on all the mountaintops, under every spreading tree and every leafy oak † —places where they offered fragrant incense to all their idols. † 14 ‡ And I will stretch out my hand † against them and make the land a desolate waste from the desert to Diblah [11] —wherever they live. Then they will know that I am the LORD . † ’ ”
The End Has Come
1 ‡ The word of the LORD came to me: 2 “Son of man, this is what the Sovereign LORD says to the land of Israel:
“ ‘The end! † The end has comeupon the four corners † of the land!3 The end is now upon you,and I will unleash my anger against you.I will judge you according to your conduct †and repay you for all your detestable practices. †4 I will not look on you with pity; †I will not spare you.I will surely repay you for your conductand for the detestable practices among you.
“ ‘Then you will know that I am the LORD .’ †
5 “This is what the Sovereign LORD says:
“ ‘Disaster! † Unheard-of [12] disaster!See, it comes!6 The end † has come!The end has come!It has roused itself against you.See, it comes!7 ‡ Doom has come upon you,upon you who dwell in the land.The time has come! The day † is near! †There is panic, not joy, on the mountains.8 ‡ I am about to pour out my wrath † on youand spend my anger against you.I will judge you according to your conductand repay you for all your detestable practices. †9 I will not look on you with pity;I will not spare you. †I will repay you for your conductand for the detestable practices among you. †
“ ‘Then you will know that it is I the LORD who strikes you. †
10 “ ‘See, the day!See, it comes!Doom has burst forth,the rod † has budded,arrogance has blossomed!11 Violence † has arisen, [13]a rod to punish the wicked.None of the people will be left,none of that crowd—none of their wealth,nothing of value. †12 ‡ The time has come!The day has arrived!Let not the buyer † rejoicenor the seller grieve,for my wrath is on the whole crowd. †13 The seller will not recoverthe property that was sold—as long as both buyer and seller live.For the vision concerning the whole crowdwill not be reversed.Because of their sins, not one of themwill preserve their life. †
14 “ ‘They have blown the trumpet, †they have made all things ready,but no one will go into battle,for my wrath † is on the whole crowd.15 ‡ Outside is the sword;inside are plague and famine.Those in the countrywill die by the sword;those in the citywill be devoured by famine and plague. †16 The fugitives † who escapewill flee to the mountains.Like doves † of the valleys,they will all moan,each for their own sins. †17 ‡ Every hand will go limp; †every leg will be wet with urine. †18 ‡ They will put on sackcloth †and be clothed with terror. †Every face will be covered with shame,and every head will be shaved. †
19 ‡ “ ‘They will throw their silver into the streets, †and their gold will be treated as a thing unclean.Their silver and goldwill not be able to deliver themin the day of the LORD ’s wrath. †It will not satisfy † their hungeror fill their stomachs,for it has caused them to stumble † into sin. †20 ‡ They took pride in their beautiful jewelryand used it to make † their detestable idols.They made it into vile images; †therefore I will make it a thing unclean for them. †21 I will give their wealth as plunder † to foreignersand as loot to the wicked of the earth,who will defile it. †22 ‡ I will turn my face † away from the people,and robbers will desecrate the place I treasure.They will enter itand will defile it. †
23 ‡ “ ‘Prepare chains!For the land is full of bloodshed, †and the city is full of violence. †24 ‡ I will bring the most wicked of nationsto take possession of their houses.I will put an end to the pride of the mighty,and their sanctuaries † will be desecrated. †25 When terror comes,they will seek peace in vain. †26 ‡ Calamity upon calamity † will come,and rumor upon rumor.They will go searching for a vision from the prophet, †priestly instruction in the law will cease,the counsel of the elders will come to an end. †27 ‡ The king will mourn,the prince will be clothed with despair, †and the hands of the people of the land will tremble.I will deal with them according to their conduct, †and by their own standards I will judge them.
“ ‘Then they will know that I am the LORD . † ’ ”
Idolatry in the Temple
1 ‡ In the sixth year, in the sixth month on the fifth day, while I was sitting in my house and the elders † of Judah were sitting before † me, the hand of the Sovereign LORD came on me there. † 2 ‡ I looked, and I saw a figure like that of a man. [14] From what appeared to be his waist down he was like fire, and from there up his appearance was as bright as glowing metal. † 3 ‡ He stretched out what looked like a hand † and took me by the hair of my head. The Spirit lifted me up † between earth and heaven and in visions † of God he took me to Jerusalem, to the entrance of the north gate of the inner court, † where the idol that provokes to jealousy † stood. 4 And there before me was the glory † of the God of Israel, as in the vision I had seen in the plain. †
5 ‡ Then he said to me, “Son of man, look toward the north.” So I looked, and in the entrance north of the gate of the altar I saw this idol † of jealousy.
6 And he said to me, “Son of man, do you see what they are doing—the utterly detestable † things the Israelites are doing here, things that will drive me far from my sanctuary? † But you will see things that are even more detestable.”
7 Then he brought me to the entrance to the court. I looked, and I saw a hole in the wall. 8 He said to me, “Son of man, now dig into the wall.” So I dug into the wall and saw a doorway there.
9 And he said to me, “Go in and see the wicked and detestable things they are doing here.” 10 ‡ So I went in and looked, and I saw portrayed all over the walls † all kinds of crawling things and unclean † animals and all the idols of Israel. † 11 ‡ In front of them stood seventy elders † of Israel, and Jaazaniah son of Shaphan was standing among them. Each had a censer † in his hand, and a fragrant cloud of incense † was rising. †
12 He said to me, “Son of man, have you seen what the elders of Israel are doing in the darkness, † each at the shrine of his own idol? They say, ‘The LORD does not see † us; the LORD has forsaken the land.’ ” 13 Again, he said, “You will see them doing things that are even more detestable.”
14 ‡ Then he brought me to the entrance of the north gate of the house of the LORD , and I saw women sitting there, mourning the god Tammuz. † 15 He said to me, “Do you see this, son of man? You will see things that are even more detestable than this.”
16 ‡ He then brought me into the inner court † of the house of the LORD , and there at the entrance to the temple, between the portico and the altar, † were about twenty-five men. With their backs toward the temple of the LORD and their faces toward the east, they were bowing down to the sun † in the east. †
17 ‡ He said to me, “Have you seen this, son of man? Is it a trivial matter for the people of Judah to do the detestable things † they are doing here? Must they also fill the land with violence † and continually arouse my anger? † Look at them putting the branch to their nose! 18 Therefore I will deal with them in anger; † I will not look on them with pity † or spare them. Although they shout in my ears, I will not listen † to them.”
Judgment on the Idolaters
1 ‡ Then I heard him call out in a loud voice, “Bring near those who are appointed to execute judgment on the city, each with a weapon in his hand.” 2 ‡ And I saw six men coming from the direction of the upper gate, which faces north, each with a deadly weapon in his hand. With them was a man clothed in linen † who had a writing kit at his side. They came in and stood beside the bronze altar.
3 ‡ Now the glory † of the God of Israel went up from above the cherubim, † where it had been, and moved to the threshold of the temple. Then the LORD called to the man clothed in linen who had the writing kit at his side 4 ‡ and said to him, “Go throughout the city of Jerusalem † and put a mark † on the foreheads of those who grieve and lament † over all the detestable things that are done in it. † ”
5 ‡ As I listened, he said to the others, “Follow him through the city and kill, without showing pity † or compassion. † 6 ‡ Slaughter † the old men, the young men and women, the mothers and children, † but do not touch anyone who has the mark. † Begin at my sanctuary.” So they began with the old men † who were in front of the temple. †
7 Then he said to them, “Defile the temple and fill the courts with the slain. † Go!” So they went out and began killing throughout the city. 8 ‡ While they were killing and I was left alone, I fell facedown, † crying out, “Alas, Sovereign LORD ! † Are you going to destroy the entire remnant of Israel in this outpouring of your wrath † on Jerusalem? † ”
9 ‡ He answered me, “The sin of the people of Israel and Judah is exceedingly great; the land is full of bloodshed and the city is full of injustice. † They say, ‘The LORD has forsaken the land; the LORD does not see.’ † 10 ‡ So I will not look on them with pity † or spare them, but I will bring down on their own heads what they have done. † ”
11 Then the man in linen with the writing kit at his side brought back word, saying, “I have done as you commanded.”
God’s Glory Departs From the Temple
1 ‡ I looked, and I saw the likeness of a throne † of lapis lazuli † above the vault † that was over the heads of the cherubim. † 2 ‡ The LORD said to the man clothed in linen, † “Go in among the wheels † beneath the cherubim. Fill † your hands with burning coals † from among the cherubim and scatter them over the city.” And as I watched, he went in.
3 ‡ Now the cherubim were standing on the south side of the temple when the man went in, and a cloud filled the inner court. 4 Then the glory of the LORD † rose from above the cherubim and moved to the threshold of the temple. The cloud filled the temple, and the court was full of the radiance of the glory of the LORD . 5 The sound of the wings of the cherubim could be heard as far away as the outer court, like the voice † of God Almighty [15] when he speaks. †
6 When the LORD commanded the man in linen, “Take fire from among the wheels, † from among the cherubim,” the man went in and stood beside a wheel. 7 ‡ Then one of the cherubim reached out his hand to the fire † that was among them. He took up some of it and put it into the hands of the man in linen, who took it and went out. 8 (Under the wings of the cherubim could be seen what looked like human hands.) †
9 I looked, and I saw beside the cherubim four wheels, one beside each of the cherubim; the wheels sparkled like topaz. † 10 As for their appearance, the four of them looked alike; each was like a wheel intersecting a wheel. 11 As they moved, they would go in any one of the four directions the cherubim faced; the wheels did not turn about [16] as the cherubim went. The cherubim went in whatever direction the head faced, without turning as they went. 12 Their entire bodies, including their backs, their hands and their wings, were completely full of eyes, † as were their four wheels. † 13 I heard the wheels being called “the whirling wheels.” 14 ‡ Each of the cherubim † had four faces: † One face was that of a cherub, the second the face of a human being, the third the face of a lion, † and the fourth the face of an eagle. †
15 ‡ Then the cherubim rose upward. These were the living creatures † I had seen by the Kebar River. † 16 When the cherubim moved, the wheels beside them moved; and when the cherubim spread their wings to rise from the ground, the wheels did not leave their side. 17 When the cherubim stood still, they also stood still; and when the cherubim rose, they rose with them, because the spirit of the living creatures was in them. †
18 Then the glory † of the LORD departed from over the threshold of the temple and stopped above the cherubim. † 19 ‡ While I watched, the cherubim spread their wings and rose from the ground, and as they went, the wheels went with them. † They stopped at the entrance of the east gate of the LORD ’s house, and the glory † of the God of Israel was above them.
20 These were the living creatures I had seen beneath the God of Israel by the Kebar River, † and I realized that they were cherubim. 21 Each had four faces † and four wings, † and under their wings was what looked like human hands. 22 Their faces had the same appearance as those I had seen by the Kebar River. † Each one went straight ahead.
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Phoenician ivory of a winged creature (c. ninth century BC). Ezekiel 10:1–5 mentions the cherubim in God’s temple.
Z. Radovan/ www.BibleLandPictures.com
God’s Sure Judgment on Jerusalem
1 ‡ Then the Spirit lifted me up and brought me to the gate of the house of the LORD that faces east. There at the entrance of the gate were twenty-five men, and I saw among them Jaazaniah son of Azzur and Pelatiah † son of Benaiah, leaders † of the people. † 2 The LORD said to me, “Son of man, these are the men who are plotting evil † and giving wicked advice in this city. † 3 ‡ They say, ‘Haven’t our houses been recently rebuilt? This city is a pot, † and we are the meat in it.’ † 4 Therefore prophesy † against them; prophesy, son of man.”
5 ‡ Then the Spirit of the LORD came on me, and he told me to say: “This is what the LORD says: That is what you are saying, you leaders in Israel, but I know what is going through your mind. † 6 ‡ You have killed many people in this city and filled its streets with the dead. †
7 ‡ “Therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says: The bodies you have thrown there are the meat and this city is the pot, † but I will drive you out of it. † 8 You fear the sword, † and the sword is what I will bring against you, declares the Sovereign LORD . † 9 I will drive you out of the city and deliver you into the hands † of foreigners and inflict punishment on you. † 10 You will fall by the sword, and I will execute judgment on you at the borders of Israel. † Then you will know that I am the LORD . 11 ‡ This city will not be a pot † for you, nor will you be the meat in it; I will execute judgment on you at the borders of Israel. 12 And you will know that I am the LORD , † for you have not followed my decrees † or kept my laws but have conformed to the standards of the nations around you. † ”
13 ‡ Now as I was prophesying, Pelatiah † son of Benaiah died. Then I fell facedown and cried out in a loud voice, “Alas, Sovereign LORD ! Will you completely destroy the remnant of Israel? † ”
The Promise of Israel’s Return
14 ‡ The word of the LORD came to me: 15 “Son of man, the people of Jerusalem have said of your fellow exiles and all the other Israelites, ‘They are far away from the LORD ; this land was given to us as our possession.’ †
16 ‡ “Therefore say: ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says: Although I sent them far away among the nations and scattered them among the countries, yet for a little while I have been a sanctuary † for them in the countries where they have gone.’
17 “Therefore say: ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says: I will gather you from the nations and bring you back from the countries where you have been scattered, and I will give you back the land of Israel again.’ †
18 “They will return to it and remove all its vile images † and detestable idols. † 19 ‡ I will give them an undivided heart † and put a new spirit in them; I will remove from them their heart of stone † and give them a heart of flesh. † 20 ‡ Then they will follow my decrees and be careful to keep my laws. † They will be my people, † and I will be their God. † 21 ‡ But as for those whose hearts are devoted to their vile images and detestable idols, † I will bring down on their own heads what they have done, declares the Sovereign LORD . † ”
22 ‡ Then the cherubim, with the wheels beside them, spread their wings, and the glory † of the God of Israel was above them. † 23 ‡ The glory † of the LORD went up from within the city and stopped above the mountain † east of it. 24 ‡ The Spirit † lifted me up and brought me to the exiles in Babylonia [17] in the vision † given by the Spirit of God.
Then the vision I had seen went up from me, 25 and I told the exiles everything the LORD had shown me. †
The Exile Symbolized
1 ‡ The word of the LORD came to me: 2 ‡ “Son of man, you are living among a rebellious people. † They have eyes to see but do not see and ears to hear but do not hear, for they are a rebellious people. †
3 ‡ “Therefore, son of man, pack your belongings for exile and in the daytime, as they watch, set out and go from where you are to another place. Perhaps † they will understand, † though they are a rebellious people. † 4 During the daytime, while they watch, bring out your belongings packed for exile. Then in the evening, while they are watching, go out like those who go into exile. † 5 ‡ While they watch, dig through the wall † and take your belongings out through it. 6 ‡ Put them on your shoulder as they are watching and carry them out at dusk. Cover your face so that you cannot see the land, for I have made you a sign † to the Israelites.”
7 So I did as I was commanded. † During the day I brought out my things packed for exile. Then in the evening I dug through the wall with my hands. I took my belongings out at dusk, carrying them on my shoulders while they watched.
8 ‡ In the morning the word of the LORD came to me: 9 ‡ “Son of man, did not the Israelites, that rebellious people, ask you, ‘What are you doing?’ †
10 ‡ “Say to them, ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says: This prophecy concerns the prince in Jerusalem and all the Israelites who are there.’ 11 Say to them, ‘I am a sign † to you.’
“As I have done, so it will be done to them. They will go into exile as captives. †
12 “The prince among them will put his things on his shoulder at dusk † and leave, and a hole will be dug in the wall for him to go through. He will cover his face so that he cannot see the land. † 13 ‡ I will spread my net † for him, and he will be caught in my snare; † I will bring him to Babylonia, the land of the Chaldeans, † but he will not see † it, and there he will die. † 14 ‡ I will scatter to the winds all those around him—his staff and all his troops—and I will pursue them with drawn sword. †
15 ‡ “They will know that I am the LORD , when I disperse them among the nations † and scatter them through the countries. 16 ‡ But I will spare a few of them from the sword, famine and plague, so that in the nations where they go they may acknowledge all their detestable practices. Then they will know that I am the LORD . † ”
17 The word of the LORD came to me: 18 ‡ “Son of man, tremble as you eat your food, † and shudder in fear as you drink your water. 19 ‡ Say to the people of the land: ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says about those living in Jerusalem and in the land of Israel: They will eat their food in anxiety and drink their water in despair, for their land will be stripped of everything † in it because of the violence of all who live there. † 20 The inhabited towns will be laid waste and the land will be desolate. Then you will know that I am the LORD . † ’ ”
There Will Be No Delay
21 The word of the LORD came to me: 22 ‡ “Son of man, what is this proverb † you have in the land of Israel: ‘The days go by and every vision comes to nothing’? † 23 ‡ Say to them, ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says: I am going to put an end to this proverb, and they will no longer quote it in Israel.’ Say to them, ‘The days are near † when every vision will be fulfilled. † 24 ‡ For there will be no more false visions or flattering divinations † among the people of Israel. 25 But I the LORD will speak what I will, and it shall be fulfilled without delay. † For in your days, you rebellious people, I will fulfill † whatever I say, declares the Sovereign LORD . † ’ ”
26 The word of the LORD came to me: 27 ‡ “Son of man, the Israelites are saying, ‘The vision he sees is for many years from now, and he prophesies about the distant future.’ †
28 ‡ “Therefore say to them, ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says: None of my words will be delayed any longer; whatever I say will be fulfilled, declares the Sovereign LORD .’ ”
False Prophets Condemned
1 ‡ The word of the LORD came to me: 2 ‡ “Son of man, prophesy against the prophets † of Israel who are now prophesying. Say to those who prophesy out of their own imagination: † ‘Hear the word of the LORD ! † 3 ‡ This is what the Sovereign LORD says: Woe to the foolish [18] prophets † who follow their own spirit and have seen nothing! † 4 ‡ Your prophets, Israel, are like jackals among ruins. 5 ‡ You have not gone up to the breaches in the wall to repair † it for the people of Israel so that it will stand firm in the battle on the day of the LORD . † 6 ‡ Their visions are false † and their divinations a lie. Even though the LORD has not sent † them, they say, “The LORD declares,” and expect him to fulfill their words. † 7 Have you not seen false visions † and uttered lying divinations when you say, “The LORD declares,” though I have not spoken?
8 ‡ “ ‘Therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says: Because of your false words and lying visions, I am against you, † declares the Sovereign LORD . 9 ‡ My hand will be against the prophets who see false visions and utter lying † divinations. They will not belong to the council of my people or be listed in the records † of Israel, nor will they enter the land of Israel. Then you will know that I am the Sovereign LORD . †
10 ‡ “ ‘Because they lead my people astray, † saying, “Peace,” † when there is no peace, and because, when a flimsy wall is built, they cover it with whitewash, † 11 ‡ therefore tell those who cover it with whitewash that it is going to fall. Rain will come in torrents, and I will send hailstones † hurtling down, † and violent winds will burst forth. † 12 When the wall collapses, will people not ask you, “Where is the whitewash you covered it with?”
13 “ ‘Therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says: In my wrath I will unleash a violent wind, and in my anger hailstones † and torrents of rain † will fall with destructive fury. † 14 I will tear down the wall † you have covered with whitewash and will level it to the ground so that its foundation † will be laid bare. When it [19] falls, † you will be destroyed in it; and you will know that I am the LORD . 15 So I will pour out my wrath against the wall and against those who covered it with whitewash. I will say to you, “The wall is gone and so are those who whitewashed it, 16 those prophets of Israel who prophesied to Jerusalem and saw visions of peace for her when there was no peace, declares the Sovereign LORD . † ” ’
17 “Now, son of man, set your face † against the daughters † of your people who prophesy out of their own imagination. Prophesy against them † 18 ‡ and say, ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says: Woe to the women who sew magic charms on all their wrists and make veils of various lengths for their heads in order to ensnare people. Will you ensnare the lives of my people but preserve your own? 19 ‡ You have profaned † me among my people for a few handfuls of barley and scraps of bread. † By lying to my people, who listen to lies, you have killed those who should not have died and have spared those who should not live. †
20 “ ‘Therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says: I am against your magic charms with which you ensnare people like birds and I will tear them from your arms; I will set free the people that you ensnare like birds. † 21 I will tear off your veils and save my people from your hands, and they will no longer fall prey to your power. Then you will know that I am the LORD . † 22 Because you disheartened the righteous with your lies, † when I had brought them no grief, and because you encouraged the wicked not to turn from their evil ways and so save their lives, † 23 therefore you will no longer see false visions † or practice divination. † I will save † my people from your hands. And then you will know that I am the LORD . † ’ ”
Idolaters Condemned
1 ‡ Some of the elders of Israel came to me and sat down in front of me. † 2 Then the word of the LORD came to me: 3 ‡ “Son of man, these men have set up idols in their hearts † and put wicked stumbling blocks † before their faces. Should I let them inquire of me at all? † 4 ‡ Therefore speak to them and tell them, ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says: When any of the Israelites set up idols in their hearts and put a wicked stumbling block before their faces and then go to a prophet, I the LORD will answer them myself in keeping with their great idolatry. 5 I will do this to recapture the hearts of the people of Israel, who have all deserted † me for their idols.’ †
6 ‡ “Therefore say to the people of Israel, ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says: Repent! † Turn from your idols and renounce all your detestable practices! †
7 “ ‘When any of the Israelites or any foreigner † residing in Israel separate themselves from me and set up idols in their hearts and put a wicked stumbling block † before their faces and then go to a prophet to inquire † of me, I the LORD will answer them myself. 8 I will set my face against † them and make them an example † and a byword. † I will remove them from my people. Then you will know that I am the LORD . †
9 ‡ “ ‘And if the prophet † is enticed † to utter a prophecy, I the LORD have enticed that prophet, and I will stretch out my hand against him and destroy him from among my people Israel. † 10 They will bear their guilt—the prophet will be as guilty as the one who consults him. 11 ‡ Then the people of Israel will no longer stray † from me, nor will they defile themselves anymore with all their sins. They will be my people, † and I will be their God, declares the Sovereign LORD . † ’ ”
Jerusalem’s Judgment Inescapable
12 ‡ The word of the LORD came to me: 13 “Son of man, if a country sins † against me by being unfaithful and I stretch out my hand against it to cut off its food supply † and send famine upon it and kill its people and their animals, † 14 ‡ even if these three men—Noah, † Daniel [20] † and Job † —were in it, they could save only themselves by their righteousness, † declares the Sovereign LORD .
15 “Or if I send wild beasts † through that country and they leave it childless and it becomes desolate so that no one can pass through it because of the beasts, † 16 as surely as I live, declares the Sovereign LORD , even if these three men were in it, they could not save their own sons or daughters. They alone would be saved, but the land would be desolate. †
17 “Or if I bring a sword † against that country and say, ‘Let the sword pass throughout the land,’ and I kill its people and their animals, † 18 as surely as I live, declares the Sovereign LORD , even if these three men were in it, they could not save their own sons or daughters. They alone would be saved.
19 “Or if I send a plague into that land and pour out my wrath † on it through bloodshed, † killing its people and their animals, † 20 ‡ as surely as I live, declares the Sovereign LORD , even if Noah, Daniel and Job were in it, they could save neither son nor daughter. They would save only themselves by their righteousness. †
21 “For this is what the Sovereign LORD says: How much worse will it be when I send against Jerusalem my four dreadful judgments † —sword † and famine † and wild beasts and plague † —to kill its men and their animals! † 22 Yet there will be some survivors † —sons and daughters who will be brought out of it. † They will come to you, and when you see their conduct † and their actions, you will be consoled † regarding the disaster I have brought on Jerusalem—every disaster I have brought on it. 23 ‡ You will be consoled when you see their conduct and their actions, for you will know that I have done nothing in it without cause, declares the Sovereign LORD . † ”
Jerusalem as a Useless Vine
1 ‡ The word of the LORD came to me: 2 “Son of man, how is the wood of a vine † different from that of a branch from any of the trees in the forest? 3 ‡ Is wood ever taken from it to make anything useful? † Do they make pegs † from it to hang things on? 4 ‡ And after it is thrown on the fire as fuel and the fire burns both ends and chars the middle, is it then useful for anything? † 5 If it was not useful for anything when it was whole, how much less can it be made into something useful when the fire has burned it and it is charred?
6 “Therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says: As I have given the wood of the vine among the trees of the forest as fuel for the fire, so will I treat the people living in Jerusalem. 7 ‡ I will set my face against † them. Although they have come out of the fire † , the fire will yet consume them. And when I set my face against them, you will know that I am the LORD . † 8 I will make the land desolate † because they have been unfaithful, † declares the Sovereign LORD .”
Jerusalem as an Adulterous Wife
1 ‡ The word of the LORD came to me: 2 “Son of man, confront † Jerusalem with her detestable practices † 3 ‡ and say, ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says to Jerusalem: Your ancestry † and birth were in the land of the Canaanites; your father † was an Amorite † and your mother a Hittite. † 4 ‡ On the day you were born † your cord was not cut, nor were you washed with water to make you clean, nor were you rubbed with salt or wrapped in cloths. 5 ‡ No one looked on you with pity or had compassion enough to do any of these things for you. Rather, you were thrown out into the open field, for on the day you were born you were despised.
6 ‡ “ ‘Then I passed by and saw you kicking about in your blood, and as you lay there in your blood I said to you, “Live!” [21] † 7 ‡ I made you grow † like a plant of the field. You grew and developed and entered puberty. Your breasts had formed and your hair had grown, yet you were stark naked. †
8 ‡ “ ‘Later I passed by, and when I looked at you and saw that you were old enough for love, I spread the corner of my garment † over you and covered your naked body. I gave you my solemn oath and entered into a covenant † with you, declares the Sovereign LORD , and you became mine. †
9 ‡ “ ‘I bathed you with water and washed † the blood from you and put ointments on you. 10 ‡ I clothed you with an embroidered † dress and put sandals of fine leather on you. I dressed you in fine linen † and covered you with costly garments. † 11 ‡ I adorned you with jewelry: † I put bracelets † on your arms and a necklace † around your neck, 12 ‡ and I put a ring on your nose, † earrings † on your ears and a beautiful crown † on your head. † 13 ‡ So you were adorned with gold and silver; your clothes † were of fine linen and costly fabric and embroidered cloth. Your food was honey, olive oil † and the finest flour. You became very beautiful and rose to be a queen. † 14 ‡ And your fame † spread among the nations on account of your beauty, † because the splendor I had given you made your beauty perfect, declares the Sovereign LORD . †
15 ‡ “ ‘But you trusted in your beauty and used your fame to become a prostitute. You lavished your favors on anyone who passed by † and your beauty became his. † 16 ‡ You took some of your garments to make gaudy high places, † where you carried on your prostitution. † You went to him, and he possessed your beauty. [22] 17 You also took the fine jewelry I gave you, the jewelry made of my gold and silver, and you made for yourself male idols and engaged in prostitution with them. † 18 And you took your embroidered clothes to put on them, and you offered my oil and incense † before them. 19 Also the food I provided for you—the flour, olive oil and honey I gave you to eat—you offered as fragrant incense before them. That is what happened, declares the Sovereign LORD . †
20 ‡ “ ‘And you took your sons and daughters † whom you bore to me † and sacrificed them as food to the idols. Was your prostitution not enough? † 21 You slaughtered my children and sacrificed them to the idols. † 22 In all your detestable practices and your prostitution you did not remember the days of your youth, † when you were naked and bare, † kicking about in your blood. †
23 “ ‘Woe! † Woe to you, declares the Sovereign LORD . In addition to all your other wickedness, 24 ‡ you built a mound for yourself and made a lofty shrine † in every public square. † 25 At every street corner † you built your lofty shrines and degraded your beauty, spreading your legs with increasing promiscuity to anyone who passed by. † 26 ‡ You engaged in prostitution † with the Egyptians, † your neighbors with large genitals, and aroused my anger † with your increasing promiscuity. † 27 ‡ So I stretched out my hand † against you and reduced your territory; I gave you over † to the greed of your enemies, the daughters of the Philistines, † who were shocked by your lewd conduct. 28 You engaged in prostitution with the Assyrians † too, because you were insatiable; and even after that, you still were not satisfied. † 29 ‡ Then you increased your promiscuity to include Babylonia, [23] † a land of merchants, but even with this you were not satisfied. †
30 “ ‘I am filled with fury against you, [24] declares the Sovereign LORD , when you do all these things, acting like a brazen prostitute! † 31 When you built your mounds at every street corner and made your lofty shrines † in every public square, you were unlike a prostitute, because you scorned payment.
32 ‡ “ ‘You adulterous wife! You prefer strangers to your own husband! 33 ‡ All prostitutes receive gifts, † but you give gifts † to all your lovers, bribing them to come to you from everywhere for your illicit favors. † 34 So in your prostitution you are the opposite of others; no one runs after you for your favors. You are the very opposite, for you give payment and none is given to you.
35 “ ‘Therefore, you prostitute, hear the word of the LORD ! 36 This is what the Sovereign LORD says: Because you poured out your lust and exposed your naked body in your promiscuity with your lovers, and because of all your detestable idols, and because you gave them your children’s blood, † 37 ‡ therefore I am going to gather all your lovers, with whom you found pleasure, those you loved as well as those you hated. I will gather them against you from all around and will strip † you in front of them, and they will see you stark naked. † 38 ‡ I will sentence you to the punishment of women who commit adultery and who shed blood; † I will bring on you the blood vengeance of my wrath and jealous anger. † 39 ‡ Then I will deliver you into the hands † of your lovers, and they will tear down your mounds and destroy your lofty shrines. They will strip you of your clothes and take your fine jewelry and leave you stark naked. † 40 ‡ They will bring a mob against you, who will stone † you and hack you to pieces with their swords. 41 They will burn down † your houses and inflict punishment on you in the sight of many women. † I will put a stop † to your prostitution, and you will no longer pay your lovers. 42 Then my wrath against you will subside and my jealous anger will turn away from you; I will be calm and no longer angry. †
43 ‡ “ ‘Because you did not remember † the days of your youth but enraged me with all these things, I will surely bring down † on your head what you have done, declares the Sovereign LORD . Did you not add lewdness to all your other detestable practices? †
44 ‡ “ ‘Everyone who quotes proverbs † will quote this proverb about you: “Like mother, like daughter.” 45 ‡ You are a true daughter of your mother, who despised † her husband † and her children; and you are a true sister of your sisters, who despised their husbands and their children. Your mother was a Hittite and your father an Amorite. † 46 ‡ Your older sister † was Samaria, who lived to the north of you with her daughters; and your younger sister, who lived to the south of you with her daughters, was Sodom. † 47 ‡ You not only followed their ways and copied their detestable practices, but in all your ways you soon became more depraved than they. † 48 As surely as I live, declares the Sovereign † LORD , your sister Sodom † and her daughters never did what you and your daughters have done. †
49 ‡ “ ‘Now this was the sin of your sister Sodom: † She and her daughters were arrogant, † overfed and unconcerned; † they did not help the poor and needy. † 50 They were haughty † and did detestable things before me. Therefore I did away with them as you have seen. † 51 ‡ Samaria did not commit half the sins you did. You have done more detestable things than they, and have made your sisters seem righteous by all these things you have done. † 52 Bear your disgrace, for you have furnished some justification for your sisters. Because your sins were more vile than theirs, they appear more righteous † than you. So then, be ashamed and bear † your disgrace, for you have made your sisters appear righteous.
53 “ ‘However, I will restore † the fortunes of Sodom and her daughters and of Samaria and her daughters, and your fortunes along with them, † 54 so that you may bear your disgrace † and be ashamed of all you have done in giving them comfort. 55 And your sisters, Sodom with her daughters and Samaria with her daughters, will return to what they were before; and you and your daughters will return to what you were before. † 56 ‡ You would not even mention your sister Sodom in the day of your pride, 57 ‡ before your wickedness was uncovered. Even so, you are now scorned † by the daughters of Edom [25] † and all her neighbors and the daughters of the Philistines—all those around you who despise you. 58 You will bear the consequences of your lewdness and your detestable practices, declares the LORD . †
59 ‡ “ ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says: I will deal with you as you deserve, because you have despised my oath by breaking the covenant. † 60 ‡ Yet I will remember the covenant † I made with you in the days of your youth, † and I will establish an everlasting covenant † with you. 61 ‡ Then you will remember your ways and be ashamed † when you receive your sisters, both those who are older than you and those who are younger. I will give them to you as daughters, † but not on the basis of my covenant with you. 62 So I will establish my covenant † with you, and you will know that I am the LORD . † 63 ‡ Then, when I make atonement † for you for all you have done, you will remember and be ashamed † and never again open your mouth † because of your humiliation, declares the Sovereign LORD . † ’ ”
Two Eagles and a Vine
1 ‡ The word of the LORD came to me: 2 “Son of man, set forth an allegory and tell it to the Israelites as a parable. † 3 ‡ Say to them, ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says: A great eagle † with powerful wings, long feathers and full plumage of varied colors came to Lebanon. † Taking hold of the top of a cedar, 4 ‡ he broke off † its topmost shoot and carried it away to a land of merchants, where he planted it in a city of traders.
5 ‡ “ ‘He took one of the seedlings of the land and put it in fertile soil. He planted it like a willow by abundant water, † 6 ‡ and it sprouted and became a low, spreading vine. Its branches † turned toward him, but its roots remained under it. So it became a vine and produced branches and put out leafy boughs. †
7 ‡ “ ‘But there was another great eagle with powerful wings and full plumage. The vine now sent out its roots toward him from the plot where it was planted and stretched out its branches to him for water. † 8 It had been planted in good soil by abundant water so that it would produce branches, † bear fruit and become a splendid vine.’
9 “Say to them, ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says: Will it thrive? Will it not be uprooted and stripped of its fruit so that it withers? All its new growth will wither. It will not take a strong arm or many people to pull it up by the roots. † 10 ‡ It has been planted, † but will it thrive? Will it not wither completely when the east wind strikes it—wither away in the plot where it grew? † ’ ”
11 Then the word of the LORD came to me: 12 ‡ “Say to this rebellious people, ‘Do you not know what these things mean? † ’ Say to them: ‘The king of Babylon went to Jerusalem and carried off her king and her nobles, † bringing them back with him to Babylon. † 13 Then he took a member of the royal family and made a treaty † with him, putting him under oath. † He also carried away the leading men † of the land, 14 so that the kingdom would be brought low, † unable to rise again, surviving only by keeping his treaty. 15 ‡ But the king rebelled † against him by sending his envoys to Egypt † to get horses and a large army. † Will he succeed? Will he who does such things escape? Will he break the treaty and yet escape? †
16 ‡ “ ‘As surely as I live, declares the Sovereign LORD , he shall die † in Babylon, in the land of the king who put him on the throne, whose oath he despised and whose treaty he broke. † 17 Pharaoh † with his mighty army and great horde will be of no help to him in war, when ramps † are built and siege works erected to destroy many lives. † 18 He despised the oath by breaking the covenant. Because he had given his hand in pledge † and yet did all these things, he shall not escape.
19 ‡ “ ‘Therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says: As surely as I live, I will repay him for despising my oath and breaking my covenant. † 20 I will spread my net † for him, and he will be caught in my snare. I will bring him to Babylon and execute judgment † on him there because he was unfaithful † to me. 21 All his choice troops will fall by the sword, † and the survivors † will be scattered to the winds. † Then you will know that I the LORD have spoken. †
22 ‡ “ ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says: I myself will take a shoot † from the very top of a cedar and plant it; I will break off a tender sprig from its topmost shoots and plant it on a high and lofty mountain. † 23 ‡ On the mountain heights † of Israel I will plant it; it will produce branches and bear fruit † and become a splendid cedar. Birds of every kind will nest in it; they will find shelter in the shade of its branches. † 24 ‡ All the trees of the forest † will know that I the LORD bring down † the tall tree and make the low tree grow tall. I dry up the green tree and make the dry tree flourish. †
“ ‘I the LORD have spoken, and I will do it. † ’ ”