INDEX

Abercromby, Helen, 19

absinthe, 83–4

aconite, 98–9

aconitine, 26;

nitrate of, 65

adulteration

of drink, 46, 52, 59–60;

of food, 44–55

aflatoxins, 214–15

agaric, 96

Albert Victor Edward, Prince, 37

alcohol, 41–42, 83, 86–87;

adds power to mushrooms, 43;

triggers lead colic, 129

alcohol dehydrogenase, 41–42, 86

alpha-thujone, 84

amnesic shellfish poisoning, 189

aniline, 45–49

anthrax, 180

antidotes, 66–68

antimony, 19, 21–22, 24, 106, 121, 137;

origin of name, 91;

wine, 90

Antommarchi, Francesco, 113

apoptosis, 210, 223–24

argyria, 196

arsenic, 40, 45–46, 72, 103, 146, 155; as a cosmetic, xix, 100, 103, 107; eaters, xix, 36, 39, 78, 105; in embalming, 103, 123; in herbal medicine, 89; as a medicine, 100, 202; as a pesticide, 115; as a pigment, 6, 122; in wallpaper, xix, 115–18; in water, 55–58; used to kill, xviii, 7, 35, 38–40, 72–3, 112, 118, 155, 158

artemisinin, 85

Ascham, Roger, 192

Astrakhan ergotism event (1722), 220

atropine, 161

Augustus, emperor, 64

Aum Shinrikyo event (1995), 171, 181

auripigmentum, 6

Azalea pontica, 186

Bangladesh tube wells, 55–58

Banks, Sir Joseph, 61–62, 193

Bari Harbor event (1943), 174

Barrow, Eliza Mary, 35

bats, poison, 191–92

belladonna, 105, 161

Bhopal gas leak (1984), 143–44

biomethylation, 115, 117, 146–47

bitter apple see colocynth

Black Death, 216–18

Bocarmé, Count and Countess of, 32–35

Bodle John, 72

Bonaparte, Napoleon, 112–18, 146

Borgia family, 158–59

Botox, 9, 101–2, 180, 184, 201

botulinum toxin, 180; see also Botox

Bryophyllum, 197

Brussels Convention, 163

bubonic plague, 216–18

Buckland, William, 11

Bunsen, Robert, 74

Cadwalader, Thomas, 52

Calabar bean, 159–60

Caligula, emperor, 64

camphor, 99

candles, poison, 112

cane toad, 197

Cannabis indica, 4

cantharides, 73, 74, 97

capsaicin, 4, 109

carbon dioxide as a poison, 140–41

carbon monoxide as a poison, 142–43, 164, 175

cardiac glycosides, 197

Carroll, Lewis, xix, 38, 135

cassava, 11, 62–63

cattle plague, 203–8

cerussa, 105

Chaucer, Geoffrey, 199

Chesterton, G. K., 44

chlorine, 163–64, 166, 168

industrial, 131–32

cholinesterase, 110, 171

Christison, Robert, 25, 26, 160

chrome yellow, 45, 46

cider, fake, 45

ciguatera, 189

ciguatoxin, 189

cinnabar, 121

Citrullus colocynthis see colocynth

Claviceps purpurea (ergot), 213

Cleopatra, 10, 64

Clostridium botulinum, 9, 101;

perfringens, 9; see also Botox

coffee, 43; lethal dose, 94

colocynth, 5, 21, 97

Confessions of an Opium Eater, 40

Cook, John Parsons, 21–23

copper salts, 44, 46, 54, 107, 114, 118, 148, 149

Cream, Neill, xix, 37

Crippen, Belle, 28–29

Crippen, Hawley Harvey, xvii, 28–31

Crookes, Sir William, 74–75, 165, 204–7

Crookes Radiometer, 75

curare, 161

cyanide, 17, 39, 62, 67, 77, 108–11, 114, 148–49, 173–75, 180, 196; on bayonets, 118; bromo benzyl, 172; cacodyl, 74, 162; in coral reefs, 195; French artillery shells, 169; mercury, 114; spills, 148–49

cycads, 11, 61–62, 190–92

Dampier, William, 193

Darwin, Charles, 184, 202

datura, 59

Davy, Sir Humphry, 163

Davy, John, 164

DDT, 176, 177, 178

de Bocarmé see Bocarmé, Count and Countess of

de Freycinet, Louis, 190

de la Condamine, Charles-Marie, 194

de la Pommerais, Dr. Couty, 26–28

de Pauw, Madame, 26–27

De Quincey, Thomas, 40

de Quiros, Pedro Fernandez, 187

deadly nightshade, 105

Dean case, 1

Defoe, Daniel, 201

DEG see diethylene glycol

dental amalgam, 137–38

Dew, Chief Inspector, 30–31

Dew of Death see Lewisite

diabetes and root crops, 208

Dickens, Charles, 14, 18, 20, 21, 59, 127

diethylene glycol, 66, 86–89

digitalis, 82–83, 197

Dioscorides, 96, 97, 98, 124

dioxins, 158, 178–79

Domitian, emperor, 97

Doñana National Park event (1998), 148

Doyle, Arthur Conan, xix, 23, 25, 31, 37, 182, 184

Ehrlich, Paul, 212

Elisha, 5

Environmental Protection Agency, 58

ergot and ergotism, 213–22

Essay on the West-India Dry-Gripes, 52

Essequibo River event (1995), 148

eucalyptus oil, 4

evolution:

of poison, xviii, 3, 65, 145, 188, 198, 210; of poison resistance, 188

Fayrer, Sir Joseph, 183–84

fly agaric, 96

foals, killed by cyanide, 77–78

Fowler’s Solution, 99–100

Franklin, Benjamin, 122

French Revolution and ergot, 219

fritted glaze, 127

fruitfly semen, 198

Fugu, 188

Gachet, Dr., 82

Galba, emperor, 7, 32

Garrick-Steele, Rodger, 25

gas masks see gas protection

gas protection, 166–73

gas, poison see poison: gas in war

Geneva Protocol, 178–79

Ginger Jake, 42

glycerine, 87

Gnaeus Domitius, 6

Goldberger, Joseph, 71–72

Gosio, Bartolomeo, 115

Gosio gas, 116–17

Gow, Duncan, 153

Griffiths, Thomas, 19

Guam, 189–90

Haber, Fritz, 165–66

Haber process, 165

Hague Conventions, 163, 166

hair dyes, 107

Haldane. J. B. S., 174

Haldane, J. S., 173

Hall, John, 93, 96, 105

Hardaker, William, 51–52

Harley, John, 70

hatters and mercury, 135

Helicobacter pylori, 208

hemlock, 99, 153; symptoms of, 70, 152–53; water, 152–53

hemp seed, 4

Herodotus, 4

Hippocrates, 124

hocussing, 59–60

Holocaust, 175

Hook, Captain, 2

household poisons, 118–19

Humbug Billy see Hardaker, William

Huxley, Aldous, 174

Huxley, T. H., 183

hyoscine, 31

Jack the Ripper, xviii, 36–37, 143

Jake Leg, 43

Johnson, Dr. Samuel, 91

Jones, David, 117

juniper, 97

Justinian, emperor, 135

Kelly, “Applepip,” 18

Kirchhoff, Gustav, 74

koalas, 4

kohl, 106

konzo, 62–63

Kurds: gas attack on, 170, 181

L’Angelier, Emile, 39, 40

La Cantarella, Borgia poison, 158

Lake Nyos event (1986), 140

Lamson, George Henry, 8, 26, 34

Lane, Sir William Arbuthnot, 208

laudanum, 25, 40

LCt50, 95, 69; see also lethal dose

lead:

acetate, 8, 52–54, 107, 128–29, 158; chromate, 45; in cider, 53

lead poisoning, 54, 105–6, 112, 118–23, 149; in army recruits, 129; in cosmetics, 107; in drink, 8, 52, 55, 89; in food, 45, 53–55; in fuel, 130; industrial, xviii, 122–30

Leichhardt, Ludwig, 62

leopard’s bane, 98

lethal doses, 52, 87, 94–95, 134, 169, 212

Lewisite, 172

Lincoln, Abraham, 92

Linton, Arthur, 78

Lister, Lord Joseph, 205–6

Livy, 6

Locusta, 7

Louis XIV, king of France, 90, 108

Louis XVIII, king of France, 118

Love Canal toxic waste dump, 144–45

Luce, Clare Boothe, 116

lytico-bodig, 190, 191

magic bullet:

Ehrlich’s, 212; for ricin, 212

Maintenon, Madame de, 108

manchineel, 185

Markov, Georgi, 155

Marsh test, 72–73, 77

Matossian, Mary, 215

Maybrick, Florence, xviii, 36–38, 103

Maybrick, James, xviii, 36–38

Maybrick, Michael, 36–37

McCormick, Frank, 211

McDougall, Alexander, 205

mercury poisoning, 92, 123, 135–38, 146–47, 196

methylisocyanate, 143

Micronesia, 191

Minamata disease, 146

minium, 121, 124

Mithridates, 2, 68

Mithridatum, 68

monarch butterflies, and milkweed, 197

mongoose, 184

monkshood, 98

morphine, 76

Morris, William, xix

Muro y Fernandez-Cavada, Dr., 48–50

mushrooms, poisonous, 43, 78

mustard gas, 169–71, 174, 181

mycotoxins, 214

Napoleon III, emperor of France, 118

Neale, Joseph, 51–52

Nelson, Admiral Horatio, Lord, 185

Nero, emperor, 7

neurotoxin, 187, 190

New Machiavelli, The, 126, 128

Nicander, 68, 153

nicotine, 34–35, 138–40

nitrobenzene, 111

nitroglycerin, 79

Nux vomica see strychnine

octopus, blue-ringed, 188

oil of juniper, 97

oil of savin, 97–98, 203

Old Dutch process, 128

orpiment, 6, 45

Ovid, 7

painter’s colic, 122

Palmer, Annie, 21–22

Palmer, William, 21–23

Palmerston, Lord, 21

Paré, Ambroise, 112

Pausanias, 163

PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), 178

Peale, Raphaelle, 123

pellagra, 71–72

Peter the Great, Tsar, 220

Phaedo, 152–53

Phar Lap, 78

Philip II of Spain, 90

Phokion, 152, 154

phosgene, 163–64, 168–69

phosphorus, 132–34, 137

phossy jaw, 132–34

Physostigma venenosum see Calabar bean

physostigmine, 161

Plague Wars, 181

Plato, 152–53

Playfair, Sir Lyon, 162, 204

Plutarch, 135

poison:

effects of, 65–66, 110–11, 142, 156–57, 187, 213; gas in war, 163–75; and hunting, 192–96; pigments, 121–23

Pont Saint Esprit ergotism event (1951), 221

POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutants) Treaty, 177

Portinari, Candido, 122

potatoes, 94

poudre de la succession, 106

Pritchard, Edward, 24–25

Prussian blue, 46

prussic acid see cyanide

puffer fish, 188

Québec, mercury in fish, 147

quinine, 85, 86, 99

rapeseed oil, 47–50

rats, 11

red lead, 45, 121, 124

ricin, 156–57, 180, 212

rinderpest, 203

Rodine, 134

Roose, Richard, 155

Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, xix, 100

rotenone, 195

Rugely murderer, 21

Rumford, Count, 43–44

Rush, Benjamin, 91

salvarsan, 212

sapa see lead acetate

sarin, 161, 171

saturnine poisoning see lead

poisoning scarlet-bodied wasp moth, 197–98

Scheele, Carl Wilhelm, 17, 109, 114, 115, 163

Schweinfurter green, 114, 115, 121, 146

Seddon, Frederick Henry, 35

seed dispersal, 3

Seveso incident (1976), 179

Shakespeare, William, 2, 84, 93

Shaw, George Bernard, xviii, 120

shellfish poisoning, 188–89

Sherard, Robert, 124–27, 131–32

Sherman, Mary, 73

Siddal, Elizabeth, xix, 100, 121

Silent Spring (Rachel Carson), 150

silver, 196–97

Smethurst, Thomas, 77

Smith, Angus, 204–7

Smith, Madeleine, xviii, 39–40, 120

Snow White, 2

Socrates, 2, 70, 151–54

sodium azide, 148

Speckled Band, The, 23, 182, 183

spectroscopy, 74–76

Spilsbury, Sir Bernard, 31

Squibb Pannier, 81–82

Stas, Jean, 34

Stephen, J. K., xviii, 37

strychnine, 20–23, 40, 67, 79, 93, 110;

eaters, 36; in sport, 78–79

Suetonius, 7, 64

sugar of lead see lead

acetate sulfanilamide, 86

sulfur mustard, 170

Superfund, 144–45

table salt, lethal dose, 94

tabun, 171

Tawell, John, 15–18, 30

Taylor, Professor Alfred, 22, 23, 53, 54, 59, 60, 64, 72, 75, 77, 84, 94, 98, 109, 111, 159, 160, 203, 205

tea:

adulterated, 44, 45; curative, 21, 82; as a poison, 43; tests for poisons, 26–27, 34–35, 73–75; see also Marsh

test tetraethyl lead, 130

tetrodotoxin, 187–89

thallium, 74–76

thallium acetate, as depilatory, 106

theriac, 69, 70

Thomas, Dylan, xvii, 42

Thompson, Benjamin see Rumford, Count

Tisza River event (2000), 148–49

tobacco, 34, 139–40

adulterated, 54

toxic waste, 144–46

toxin theory of disease, 208

treacle, 45, 69

tri-orthocresyl phosphate, 42

tryacle see treacle

TTX see tetrodotoxin

van Gogh, Vincent, 82–83

vegetable poisons, 34

Velpeau, Alfred-Armand, 27

vermilion, 121, 122

Vesuvius, Mount, 11

Wainewright, Thomas, 19–21

Wallace, Alfred Russel, 14

wallpaper, xix, 114–18

Wardle, George, xviii, 120

Wardle, Madeleine see Smith, Madeleine

Washington, George, 91, 92

Wells, H. G., xviii, 124, 126–28

Wepfer, Johannes, 153

white lead, 105, 106, 114, 121–22, 128–29

white star, 168

Wilde, Oscar, 19, 20, 83

Windeyer, Justice William, 1

witch trials, 218–19

Woffinden, Bob, 48–50

wormwood, 83–85;

against malaria, 85; sweet, 85

Xenophon, 5, 186

Yprite see mustard gas

Yushchenko, Viktor, 158

Zyklon B, 175