Index

Page numbers followed by the letter n, plus a number, refer to endnotes.

A-2 rockets, 19

A-3 rockets, 21

A-4 missiles, 43; continued backing of, 33–34; development of, 25–30; waning support of, 31. See also V-2 missiles

A-9 missiles, 52

A-10 boosters, 52

Able, 122

ABMA (Army Ballistic Missile Agency), 93–94, 98, 113–14, 119, 124, 125

Across the Space Frontier, 87, 89

Adams, Carsbie C., 3, 147–48

Adams, Sherman, 96, 112

Agnew, Spiro T., 176

Air Force Arnold Engineering Development Center, U.S., 76

Alabama, 75–86, 168–74

Alabama Agricultural & Mechanical College, 170

Alaska, 208

Aldrin, Edwin E. “Buzz,” Jr., 1, 9, 163

Allen, William, 7

American Rocket Society, 4, 95–96, 226

Amis, Reese T., 80

Anders, Bill, 160

Anderson, Jack, 34, 104

Angele, Wilhelm, 58

Apollo 1, 139–40, 155

Apollo 7, 160

Apollo 8, 160

Apollo 9, 160

Apollo 10, 160

Apollo 11, 1, 160–67

Apollo 12, 178

Apollo 17, 208–9

Apollo Project, 121–22, 128–29, 131–32, 155; aftermath of, 175–83; cost of, 162; launch of Apollo 11, 162–67; legacy of, 168–74; maximizing returns of, 159–60; significance of, 156

Apollo-Saturn program, 138

Apollo-Soyuz program, 176, 214, 222

Appler, Gilbert, 64

Armstrong, Neil A., 1, 9, 15, 163, 164–65, 216

Army, German, 17–18, 19–20, 21, 31, 51

Army, U.S., 34, 63, 70, 87; national security and, 91–92; satellites and, 97–98

Army Ordnance Missile Command, 126

Army Ordnance Rocket Center, 73

ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency), 119

Asimov, Isaac, 211

Associated Press, 8

astronauts, 131, 139–40, 154, 160, 161

Atkins, Harry, 108, 150

ATR (Airline Transport Rating), 144–45

ATS (Applied Technology Satellite), 206–8

Atwood, J. Leland, 155

autographs, 2–3

Aviation Week & Space Technology, 8–9

Balch, Jackson “Jack,” 153

Baldwin, James, 217

Barnard, Christiaan, 7

Bay of Pigs, 1

Beale, Betty, 186–87

Becker, Karl Emil, 18, 21, 26, 32

Belew, Leland, 105, 137, 144

Benedict, Howard, 87, 123–24, 165, 221

Bergaust, Erik, 87, 213

BIS (British Interplanetary Society), 91, 92

Bleicherode, 55

Boehm, Josef, 122–23

Boeing, 171, 175

Bohemian Club, 7

Bonestell, Chesley, 88

booster rockets, 127

Borman, Frank, 160

Bosche, William R., 91

Bova, Ben, 211

Bowden, Donald R., 82, 119

Brauchitsch, Walther von, 31, 32–33

Brewer, Albert P., 181

Brown Engineering, 172

Brucker, Clara, 232n14

Brucker, Wilber M., 6, 97, 111, 115

Buchenwald, 46, 48

Bucher, George C., 82

Buckbee, Edward O., 171

Bush, George H. W, 264n37

Bylinski, Gene, 137

Caidin, Martin, 156

Cape Canaveral, 80–81, 84, 98, 132, 149

Cape Kennedy, 139, 208–9

Carson, Johnny, 211

Carter, Jimmy, 7, 221

Centaur missiles, 130

Cernan, Eugene, 160, 209

Chaffee, Roger B., 139–40, 155

Chappell, Rick, 87

Charlottenberg Institute, 17

Christensen, David L., 4, 42

Chrysler Corporation, 85

Churchill, Winston, 37, 51–52, 55, 73

CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), 3

CIC (Counter-intelligence Corps), 56

civil rights, 172–74

Clark, Mark, 7

Clarke, Arthur C., 7, 66, 87, 101, 141, 165, 192, 211, 219

Cleaver, A. V. “Val,” 43, 88

Clinton, Rankin A. “Randy,” 120, 174, 252n43

Cobb, Hamner, 143

Cold War, 73, 93

Collier’s Magazine, 83, 87, 88, 91–92

Collins, Michael, 1, 163, 223–24

Conquest of the Moon, 87

Conrad, Charles “Pete,” Jr., 178, 210

Cook, Truman F., 112

Cooper, L. Gordon, Jr., 135

Cousins, Norman, 217

Cousteau, Jacques, 7, 189

Cowart, Gene, 157, 175–76

Cox, Archibald, 217

Cronkite, Walter, 7, 87, 142, 166–67, 211

Crow, Alwyn Douglas, 60

Crusader for Space, 46–47

Cummings, Milton K., 80, 172

Cunningham, Walter, 160

Dahm, Werner, 69–70, 77, 90, 177, 265n20

Daily Express, 222

Daimler-Benz, 261n3

Daniels, James L. “Jim,” 105, 184, 189–90, 191–92, 198–99, 201, 202

Dannenberg, Konrad, 60, 64, 177

Davis, Bette, 7

Davis, Jan, 261n25

Davis, Larkin, 82

DeBakey, Michael, 148

Debus, Kurt H., 163, 253n10

Denton, Jeremiah, 158

Denver, John, 7

Derrick, Curtis E., 158

Dingell, John D., 68

Disney, Roy, 7, 87

Disney, Walt, 7, 87, 90–91

Dodds, James Ian, 200

Dönitz, Karl, 34

Donley, Edwin, 181

Doolittle, James H. “Jimmy,” 7

Dora camp, 45–46

Dornberger, Walter, 17–18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 32, 199, 243n45; bound for America, 55; encounters with Hitler, 32, 33; fate after the war, 61; quotes from, 29; on V-2 missile development, 44; von Braun and, 39, 40

Douglas, Donald, 7

Douglas Aircraft, 171

Downs, Hugh, 7, 129, 136, 211, 216

Durant, Frederick C., III, 92, 95, 223

Earth Resources, 137–38

Earth satellites, 95–99

Ebert, Friedrich, 11

Edwards, Ralph, 6, 242n32

Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, 16

Einstein, Albert, 16–17

Eisele, Donn, 160

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 7, 51–52, 58, 116, 117, 237n13; dedication of Marshall Center, 126–27; as doubter of Project Apollo, 129; Sputnik and, 112; Vanguard Project and, 96

Ellender, Allen Joseph, 96

El Paso Times, 68

Emme, Eugene, 222–23

Engel, Rolf, 15

England: attacks against, 42–44, 51–52, 60; death of von Braun and, 221–22; V-2 missile launches of, 61

Evans, Ron, 209

Explorer 1, 5, 114–18

Explorer 2, 118

FAA (Federal Aviation Administration), 144–45

Faget, Maxime “Max,” 121, 175

Fairchild Industries, 2, 204–9

Farrior, James S., 141

FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), 67

Fehler, George, 145, 147, 164

Fel’s Planetarium, 7

Fiedler, Arthur, 7, 233n10

First Man on the Moon, 166

Fletcher, James C. “Jim,” 198–99, 202–3, 211, 223, 264n37

forced labor, 45–51

Ford, Gerald, 7, 7–8, 218

Fort Bliss, 63–74

Fortune, Bill, 95, 164

Foster, J. N. “Jay,” 102, 104, 107, 134, 144, 151–52, 160, 177, 184, 191, 195, 201

France, 42

Franklin Institute, 7

Frau im Mond, 14

Freedom 7, 127

Fricke, Wolfgang, 261n3

Friedman, Herbert, 105

Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Berlin, 19

From East Prussia to Texas, 85

Frutkin, Arnold, 191

Gagarin, Yuri, 9, 127, 251n21

Galileo Project, 159, 257n14

Gandhi, Indira, 208

Gavin, James M., 7, 84–85, 96–97

Gemini 9, 160

Gemini program, 135

General Electric Company, 66, 173, 192

Generales, Constantine D. J., 16–17, 234n9, 234n11

Gengelbach, Werner, 65

George C. Marshall Space Flight Center. See MSFC (Marshall Space Flight Center)

German Society of Pennsylvania, 8

Germany. See specific topics

Gestapo, 39

Gilruth, Robert R. “Bob,” 121–22, 128, 130, 139, 175

Glennan, T. Keith, 120–21, 125

Glenn, John H., Jr., ix, 9, 131, 136, 218, 261n25

Goddard, Robert H., 9, 14, 44, 225–26, 239n14, 267n2

Goebbels, Josef, 34, 43

Goldwater, Barry, 211

Goodrum, John C., Sr., 84, 146, 197

Göring, Herman, 33–34

Gorman, Harry, 173

Graham, Billy, 7, 211

Graham, Donald I., Jr., 145

Grissom, Virgil I. “Gus,” 129, 135, 139–40, 155

Gröttrup, Helmut, 39, 53, 243n39

Grubbs, Edward “Skeets,” 144–45, 146–47, 164

Gruene, Hans F., 78

Haeussermann, Walter, 67, 128, 129–30, 158, 253n10

Hagen, John P., 98

Hager, Karl, 85

Hagerty, James, 117

Haley, Foster A., 100, 170, 172

Halsey, William, 111

Hamill, James P. “Jim,” 60, 62, 63, 64, 72–73

Haney, Paul, 140

Hardeman, Ted, 114

Harris, David G., 75

Harris, Gordon, 111, 126

Harz Mountains, 54

Hayden Planetarium, 88–89

Hazzard, R. P. “Hap,” 97

HE-112 jet aircraft, 22

HEAO (High Energy Astronomical Observatory), 209

Heflin, Howell, 158

Heimburg, Karl, 29, 76, 107, 210, 253n10

Heller, Gerhard B., 95, 141–42, 164

Hermann, Rudolf, 24, 25, 58, 170–71

Hess, Rudolf, 39

Hewitt, Charles “Chuck,” 35, 206–7, 211

Hickam, Homer, Jr., 256n34

Hilchey, John D., 182–83

Hill, Lister, 76

Hilten, Heinz, 45

Himmler, Heinrich, 33–35, 36, 38–40, 51, 54

Hindemith, Paul, 11

Hinkle, David, 101

Hitler, Adolf, 19, 23; A-4 missiles and, 31, 42; death of, 55; visit to an R & D facility, 32

Hoelzer, Helmut, 29, 253n10

Hoey, James K., 81–82

Hoffman, Sam, 84

Holland, 42

Holmes, Bonnie, 82–83, 100, 103, 104, 108, 132, 137, 179, 184–85, 213, 222, 255n24

Hoover, George, 95

Hope, Bob, 211

Horn, Helmut, 24

Hornet, USS, 165

Houston, 175–76, 209

hovercrafts, 146

Hueter, Hans, 45, 118, 253n10

Hufen, Hermann, 45

Humphrey, Hubert, 211

Huntsville, Alabama, 75–86, 168–74

Huntsville Symphony Orchestra, 169

Huntsville Times, xii, 80, 138–39

Huzel, Dieter, 36

hydrogen bombs, 93

IAF (International Astronautical Federation), 91

I Aim at the Stars, 6–7

IBM, 171

IGY (International Geophysical Year), 94

India, 207–8

INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service), 73–74

Jackson, Guy B., 173

Jacobi, Walter, 30, 210

James, Kathleen, 166

James, Lee B., 134, 152, 162–63, 166, 177–78, 194–95

Jastrow, Robert, 191, 192

Jewish Mafia, 195–96

Jews, 105–6, 182, 195–96

Joffrion, A. Emile, 142–43

Johnson, Kenneth, 181–82

Johnson, Lyndon B., 7, 112, 120, 128, 133–34

Jones, Joseph M., 83, 209

Josephine III, 200–201

Juno I vehicles, 122

Juno II vehicles, 122

Jupiter, 159–60

Jupiter-C, 248n19

Jupiter IRBM (intermediate-range ballistic missile), 93, 97–98, 118, 122

Jurgens, Curt, 7

Justice Department, U.S., 157–58

Kammler, Hans, 38, 45, 51

Kaplan, Joseph, 88, 106

Kathmandu, 3

Kefauver, Estes, 76

Kennedy, John F., 1, 7, 127, 128, 131–34, 170

Kennedy, Robert, 252n43

Kersten, Dorette. See Schlidt, Dorette (Kersten)

Kertes, Julia E. “Julie,” 185, 187, 188–91, 200–201, 202

Khrushchev, Nikita, 127

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 7

Kingsbury, James, 106–7

Kissinger, Henry, 211

Klauss, Ernst, 23–24

Klein, Johann J. “Hans,” 57, 65, 243–44n13

Kleis, Fred, 117

Korea, 73

Korolyov, Sergei, 266n4

Kraehe, Otto, 21

Kraemer, Fritz, 70

Kraft, Christopher Columbus “Chris,” 121, 130, 185–86

Küchen, Hartmut, 35–36

Kuers, Werner, 169, 253n10

Kuettner, Joachim, 114–15, 251n21

Kummersdorf, 21, 32

Kummersdorf-Schiessplatz, 21

Kütbach, Ernst, 35

Laika, 113

Lake Champlain, USS, 127

Landshut, 60, 64, 67, 69

Lang, Daniel, 17, 36

Langley Medal, 158

Laue, Max von, 19

Lehnert, Richard, 27

Lehrer, Tom, 6

Leonard, Jonathan Norton, 89–90

Levitt, I. M., 7, 8, 109, 112

Ley, Willy, 14, 15, 19, 43, 88, 89, 91, 150, 198

Lietz boarding schools, 12, 13

Life, 4, 5

Lilly, William E., 195

Lindbergh, Charles, 129, 162, 211

Lindstrom, Robert, 106, 109

Link, Ed, 142

liquid hydrogen, 124–25

Lockheed, 171

London Times, 111

Look, 88

Lovell, Jim, 160

Low, George M., 155, 175, 177, 187, 194–96, 202–3, 264n37

Lucas, William R., 7, 85, 102, 106, 138, 209, 210, 215, 222, 250n42

Luehrsen, Hannes, 45, 76

Luftwaffe (German air force), 19–20, 22, 33, 51

Luna 1, 122

Luna 15, 161–62

Lunar Roving Vehicle, 175–76

Lundquist, Charles A., 93–94, 121, 153

Lunetta, 13

Lutheran Church of America, 217

Mailer, Norman, 162

Man and the Moon, 91

Manchester Guardian, 42

Man in Space, 91

Manned Spacecraft Center, 175

Mark, Hans, 200

Mars, 129, 176, 178

Mars and Beyond, 91

Marshall Center. See MSFC (Marshall Space Flight Center)

Mars Project, 178

Maurois, André, 146

Maus, Hans H., 253n10

Maxfield, James R., 181, 211, 213

MBWA (management by walking around), 108

McCall, Jerry, 107

McDaniel, John L., 169

McDivitt, James, 160

McDonnell, 171

McElroy, Neil, 111, 112, 113–14

McKellar, Kenneth D., 76

McNamara, Robert, 128

Medaris, John Bruce, 6, 93–94, 98, 111, 114, 158, 181, 213, 222

Mercury Project, 121

Merman, Ethel, 211

Mesta, Perle, 7

Midway, USS, 70

Millikan, Clark, 57

Mirak II rocket, 18

Mississippi Test Facility, 151, 153

Mitchell, Edgar D., 198

Mittelwerk (Central Plant), 8, 38, 45–51

Mohlere, Edward D., 53, 80, 94, 102, 150, 154, 196

Monroe, C. E. “Ed,” 214

Moon. See Project Apollo

Moore, Frances, 78–79

Moore, George, 155

Moore, Patrick, 19

Moore, Robert, 78–79

Moquin, Joseph C., 33, 172

Moynihan, Patrick, 208

Mrazek, W. A. “Willy,” 136, 253n10

MSFC (Marshall Space Flight Center), 125, 126, 138–39, 144–45, 154–55, 222, 257–58n47; airplane of, 255n15; departure of von Braun, 179–81; funding and, 158–59; role of, 185–86

Mueller, Fritz, 27

Mueller, George E., 134–35, 176, 187

Murrow, Edward R., 7

NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics), 120

NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), 6, 34, 120, 130, 137–40, 161, 176; departure of Paine, 192–93; funding and, 158–59; Germans and, 209–10; new leadership of, 194–203. See also MSFC (Marshall Space Flight Center)

National Air and Space Museum, 6

National Medal of Science, 218

national security, 91–92

National Socialists, 34

Navy, U.S., 98, 118

Nazi party, 19

Nebel, Ralph, 15, 18, 19

Nernst, Walter, 19

Neubert, Erich W. “Maxe,” 26, 58, 59, 61, 243n46, 253n10

Neufeld, Michael J., 34, 35, 36, 40, 45–46, 50, 236n25

neutral buoyancy simulator, 153–54

Newby, David, 109, 137–38, 144

Newell, Homer E., 195

New Yorker, 21, 36

New York Times, 221

New Zealand, 3

Nixon, Richard M., 7, 165, 187, 192–93, 262–63n38

Noa, USS, 131

North American Rockwell, 154–55

Northrop Services, 159

Notre Dame University, 8

NSI (National Space Institute), 206, 210–11, 216, 265n22

nuclear weapons, 73, 90

Oakwood College, 170

Oberammergau, 55

Oberth, Hermann, 12–13, 14–15, 162, 163–64; consultant role of, 26–27; on von Braun, 37–38

Oberwiesenthal, 19

O’Brian, Hugh, 189, 211

O’Connor, Ken, 91

Odom, James B., 151

Odom, Pat R., 159

O’Hallaren, Bill, 56

O’Keefe, John, 98–99

O’Neal, Reavis, Jr., 78

Operation Backfire, 61

Operation Paperclip, 59, 63

Orbiter Project, 95, 97

Ordnance Department (Germany army), 18, 21, 31

Ordway, Frederick, 3–4, 6, 36, 46–47, 101, 109, 125, 215–16, 217, 232n19

Ordway, Maruja, 4

OSI (Office of Special Investigations), 157–58

Ostrander, Donald, 130

Ostrander Affair, 129–30

Paine, Thomas O. “Tom,” 160, 165, 176, 177, 178, 179, 186, 187, 196–97, 264n37

Palomar, 152

paperclippers, 165–66, 179, 209–10; background checks of, 242n33; Fort Bliss experience of, 63–74; housing in Alabama, 78–79. See also Peenemünde and Peenemünders

Paperclip Project, 59

Paris Match, 49–50

Patriot of the Year award, 8

Pearson, Drew, 34

Peenemünde and Peenemünders, 20, 21, 22; attacks against, 37–38; development of A-4 rocket, 25–30; forced labor at, 36–37, 45–51; Himmler and, 38; moral responsibility of workers, 51; move to, 23; prewar days in, 25–30. See also paperclippers

Pentagon, 73, 94, 115

Petroff, Peter, 184

Pétrone, Rocco, 209–10

Phillips, Samuel, 131, 155, 167

Philyaw, George, 186

Philyaw, Pam, 186

Piccard, Jacques, 154

Pickering, William H. “Bill,” 113, 114, 115–16, 117, 151, 215, 252n32

Pioneer 4, 122

Piszkiewicz, Dennis, 238n3, 247n18

platinum, 67

Poland, 26

Popular Science, 149

Porter, Richard W., 56, 58, 66, 98

Preston, Sarah Sanders, 149–50

Project Apollo, 121–22, 128–29, 131–32, 155; aftermath of, 175–83; cost of, 162; launch of Apollo 11, 162–67; legacy of, 168–74; maximizing returns of, 159–60; significance of, 156. See also specific Apollo shuttles

Project Fire-Ball, 67

“Project Icebox,” 67

Project Galileo, 159, 257n14

Project Mars, 178

Project Mercury, 121

Project Orbiter, 95, 97

Project Paperclip, 59

Project Slug, 95

Project Vanguard, 249n23

propellants, 124–25

Prüfstand (Test Stand) XII, 44–45

racism, 76–77, 105

RAF (Royal Air Force), 37, 38, 51

Raketenflugplatz Berlin, 16

Ramm, Heinrich, 25

Randolph, USS, 129

Reagan, Ronald, 211, 247n15

Redstone Arsenal, 73, 75, 93, 102, 168–74

Redstone missiles, 80–81, 83–84, 93, 122

Rees, Eberhard, 53, 125, 169, 199, 216; bound for America, 61; on flying with von Braun, 28–29; politics and, 154–55; positions of, 139, 179; resignation of, 209

Reisig, Gerhard, 34–35, 47, 50

Reitsch, Hanna, 20

Republic Aviation, 4

Reynolds, William, 7

Rhett, Harry Moore, Jr., 143

Richardson, David, 149

Richardson, Patrick, 76, 102

Rickhey, Georg, 46

Riedel, Klaus, 15, 18, 39, 45

Riedel, Walter, 20, 68

Right Stuff, The, 218

Rio Grande, 63–64

Rocket and the Reich, The, 50

Rocket City Astronomical Observatory and Planetarium, 169

rocket development, 23

Rocketdyne, 171

Rocket into Interplanetary Space, The, 12–13

Rommel, Marshal Erwin, 34

Rosen, Milton W., 88–89, 95–96, 136

Ross, Mike, 189

Rotary Club (El Paso), 68

Roth, Ludwig “Lutz,” 52, 69, 72

Rudolph, Arthur, 20–21, 45, 46, 84, 156–58, 234–35n24, 253n10

Ryan, Cornelius “Connie,” 87, 247n5

S-2 stage, 154–55

Sadron, Charles, 48

Sahl, Mort, 6

Salk, Jonas, 217

Salmon, Louis, 77

Samaniego, Ramon, 74

Sandys, Duncan, 37, 116

satellites, 95–99, 207–8

Saturday Evening Post, 88

Saturn I, 126, 129, 134, 156, 204

Saturn IB, 135, 156

Saturn V, 132, 134–37, 154–55, 156–57, 163; importance of, 166–67; personnel for, 137–38; success of, 160

Saturn Vehicle Evaluation Committee, 124–25

Sauckel, Fritz, 51

Sauerkraut Hill, 78

Saurma, Friedrich von, 232n1

Saurma, Ruth von, 104, 138, 160

Sawatski, Albin, 46, 48

Sayre, Francis B., Jr., 223

Scheer, Julian, 190, 191

Scheufelen, Klaus, 27

Schirra, Walter M. “Wally,” 135, 160

Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr., 217

Schlidt, Dorette (Kersten), 25, 28, 35, 37, 38, 64, 69, 71, 178

Schlidt, Rudolph, 64, 105–6

Schmitt, Harrison “Dr. Rock,” 209

Schneiker, Fred P., 56

Schriever, Bernard “Bennie,” 98, 124, 128

Schroedinger, Erwin, 19

Schubert, Godomar, 47

Schultz, Fred S., 173

Schweickart, Russell “Rusty,” 160

Schweitzer, Albert, 7

Schwinghamer, Robert “Bob,” 126, 127, 131, 134, 179, 182, 239n12

Scott, David, 160

Scrivener, Nina, 185

sea launches, 44–45

Seamans, Robert C., Jr., 125

Searcy, Robert B. “Speck,” 76

Sedov, Leonid, 249n23

segregation, 172–74

Senate Committee on Aeronautics and Space Sciences, 207

Sestito, Joseph, 36, 68

Shaner, Thomas L. “Tom”: on Jewish Mafia, 196; on move to Washington, 178, 184–85, 186; on von Braun, 6, 100–101, 102–3, 104, 105, 107–8, 148, 179

Shaver, Charlie, 77

Shea, Joseph, 155

Sheen, J. Fulton, 211

Shepard, Alan Bartlett, Jr., 1, 9, 124, 127, 128, 140, 198, 211, 251n21

Shepherd, James T., 122, 139, 151, 153, 154, 155, 173, 175, 210

Sherrod, Robert, 197–98

Silverstein, Abe, 124–25

Skylab, 106, 152, 175, 176, 192, 210

Slattery, Bart, 179

Slug Project, 95

Solar Research Institute, 215

Soviet Union, 1, 84–85, 91–92, 258n21; Earth satellites and, 95–96, 99; first man in space, 127; launch of the Cold War, 73; space race and, 112–14, 161–62; V-2 personnel and, 53, 60

space age, 111–25

Space Camp, U.S., 171, 260n10

Space Programs in the Year 2000, 192

Space Shuttle program, 176, 192, 199, 202

Space Transportation Center, 176

Spain, 208

Sparkman, John, 75–76, 80

Speer, Albert, 32–33, 34, 36, 38, 40, 49, 51

Spragins, M. Beirne, 77

Sputnik, 99, 111, 112–14, 116–17

Sputnik I, 1, 118

Sputnik II, 113, 118

Sputnik III, 120

SS (Schutzstaffel), 34–36, 47, 54–55

Stafford, Thomas, 160

Stalin, Joseph, 57

Stanton, Austin, 164

Stanton, Margaret, 164

Stapler, Vachel “Val,” 124

Steen, Kevin, 189

steering sensors, 129–30

Steinhoff, Ernst, 26, 33, 55, 71

Stennis, John C., 151, 256n36

Steurer, Wolfgang, 66

Stewart, Jimmy, 162

Storms, Harrison B. “Stormy,” Jr. 154–55

Strughold, Hubertus, 71–72

Studeman, William O., 48

Stuhlinger, Ernst, 29, 90, 108, 163–64, 188, 216, 223; on Dornberger, 20; on Jewish friends, 106; recollections of, 3, 11, 35, 46–47, 64, 65, 95, 101, 125, 141–42, 235n24; Sedov and, 249n23

Sun, 221–22

Swanson, Gloria, 7

Symposium on Space Travel, 88–89

Teague, Olin E. “Tiger,” 150, 151, 211

Teledyne Brown Engineering Company, 33

television, 90–91

Teller, Edward, 7

Tessman, Bernhard R., 27–28, 45

Thiel, Adolf K., 90, 203

Thiel, Walter, 37

This Is Your Life!, 6

Thomas, Lowell, 256n24

Thompson, Lee, 6–7

Tiesenhausen, Georg von, 45, 118

Time, 4, 10, 67, 89, 97

Toftoy, Hazel, 242n32

Toftoy, Holger N. “Ludy,” 57, 58–59, 63, 67–68, 70, 84, 95, 181

Top Hat Lounge, 149–50

Trahern, Arlie R., 84

Treaty of Versailles, 31

Trento, Joseph, 197

Truman, Harry S, 7, 62

Tsiolkovskii, Konstantin, 14

Turner, Tom, 206

U-2 spy planes, 120

U-boats, 44–45

Uhl, Edward G. “Ed,” xi–xii, 1–2, 10, 143–44, 204–9, 214, 216–17, 218

United States, 44, 53, 112–14, 118–19

University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), 170–71, 215

University of Alabama Research Institute, 170–71

V-2 missiles, 6–7, 42–53, 51–52; fate after the war, 57; launches in the United States, 66–67, 70–71; London and, 60–61; seagoing version of, 70–71

Valier, Max, 20, 32

Van Allen, James A., 114, 115, 116, 211

Vanguard Project, 95, 98–99, 111, 115, 118

Verne, Jules, 9

VfR (Verein für Raumschiffahrt), 14, 15

Vietnam War, 174, 187

von Braun, Emmy von Quistorp, 10, 11, 60, 69, 85, 246n41

von Braun, Iris Careen, 71, 186

von Braun, Magnus Alexander Maximilian, 10, 16, 19, 23, 31, 60, 68–69, 85, 205, 244n21, 246n41

von Braun, Magnus (brother), 28, 49, 55–56, 65–66, 67, 85

von Braun, Margrit Cecile, 86, 149, 186

von Braun, Maria Louise (von Quistorp), 54, 68–69, 79, 80, 101, 149, 177–78, 187, 200, 216, 241n1

von Braun, Peter, 149, 164, 186

von Braun, Sigismund, 11–12, 246n41

von Braun, Wernher: accusations against, 5–6, 225–26; appearance of, 24, 56, 181; astronauts and, 131, 161; as an aviator, 28–29, 144–46; birth and early life of, 10–13, 232n1; bound for America, 53, 54–62; challenge of the Moon, 126–40; character of, 18, 37–38, 81–82, 90, 119–20, 150–51, 188, 190, 255n24; citizenship of, 73–74, 86; comments about Nazi leaders, 34; community interests and, 168–74; correspondence of, 132–33; death of, 218–20, 221–24; dream of space travel, 27, 52, 65, 72, 90, 116–17; early career of, 14–22; education of, 15–16, 19; encounters with Hitler, 31–41; English of, 65; finances of, 103, 149; first steps toward the cosmos, 93–99; forced labor and, 47–48, 49–51; Fort Bliss and, 63–74; fundraising duties of, 14–15, 150–51; Glenn on, ix; health of, 181, 211–12, 213–20; Himmler and, 38–40; hobbies of, 141–50; honors and awards of, 7–8, 158, 169, 181–82, 218, 255n18, 259n3, 259n37; jail experience of, 39–41; jealousy of, 195–97; lifestyle of, 245n16; management style of, 152–55; marriage of, 68–69, 236n25, 241n1; on moral responsibility in Hitler’s Germany, 227–29; move to Alabama, 75–86; move to Washington, 176–83; musical talent of, 11, 25, 188; NASA and, 120–22, 124, 176–83; Nixon and, 262–63n38; Oberth and, 14–15; patents of, 239n12, 239n14; personal failings of, 100–110, 152–53; politics and, 120–21, 130, 138, 154–55, 175–76; popularity of, 1–9, 190–91, 205–6; private sector and, 204–9; relationship with media, 87–92, 106, 138–39, 162, 245n46; retirement from NASA, 202–3; social life of, 79–80; space age and, 111–25; speeches of, 68, 77, 91, 103, 113, 140, 150, 191; spiritual side of, 77–78, 217–20; SS and, 34–36; travels of, 147–49, 160, 199–201, 207, 208–9, 214; V-2 missile and, 6–7, 44; Washington and, 176–83, 184–93, 194–203; weapons development and, 23; writings of, 13, 19, 71, 88, 217, 225–26, 227–29, 233n21. See also paperclippers; Peenemünde and Peenemünders; Project Apollo

Von Braun Civic Center, 214

von Quistorp, Alexander, 54, 256n27

von Quistorp, Maria Louise. See von Braun, Maria Louise (von Quistorp)

Wallace, George C, 173

Ward, Bob, xi–xiii, 6, 162, 163–64

Webb, James E. “Jim,” 128, 139, 161, 166, 173, 196–97, 264n37

Webb, Patricia, 209

Weidner, Hermann, 108, 153, 196, 253n10

Whipple, Fred L., 87, 88

White, Edward H., 139–40, 155

White House, 96

White Sands Proving Ground (Missile Range), 63, 66–67, 70–71

Wiesman, Walter, 59–60, 65, 210, 219

Williams, Francis “Frank,” 4, 104, 107, 121, 184, 194, 200, 201

Wilson, Charles E., 98

Winterstein, William E., 72

Wolfe, Tom, 218

Woman in the Moon, 14

Wood, George B., 222

Wright Brothers, 8, 9

Wyatt Earp, 189

York, Herbert, 114

Young, John W, 135, 160

Young, Robert, 7

Zierdt, John G, 57, 109, 114, 242n33

Zwicky, Fritz, 56–57