Contents

Preface

A Note on the Terminology and Illustrations

Introduction: Strange Communists I Have Known

Chapter 1. American Jeremiad

Recording Angel

Shakespeare in Overalls

Poems for Workers

“Write It Plain”

Revolutionary Romanticism

Chapter 2. Inventing Mike Gold

“A Kind of Cheeky Krazy Kat”

“By Street Life and Thunder”

Poverty Is a Trap

Meyerhold in Harlem

The Van Gogh of a Darker Time

The Gold Standard

Chapter 3. The Great Promise

Living in a “State of Emergency”

“Waiting for Trachty”

The Black Cultural Front

African Americans and the John Reed Clubs

Gender and Party Commitment

Chapter 4. The New Masses and the Social Muse

“Bloody Anarchists”

Becoming a Weekly

Portrait of a New Masses Literary Editor

Poetry and the Popular Front

The Last Refuge

Chapter 5. Yogis and Commissars

Love and Revolution

A Pen Dripped in Vitriol

The St. Augustine of Communism

The Red Valentino

A Divided Life

The Dream with the Changing Name

Chapter 6. Three Moderns in Search of an Answer

The Modernist Temptation

Bastard in the Ragged Suit

Apollinaire of the Proletariat

Byron of the Poolhalls

Chapter 7. Sappho in Red

Loyalties

The Rational Ecologist

Waltzing Mouse

And God Came In

The Apostate

The Premature Socialist-Feminists

Chapter 8. Black Marxists in White America

Transcending Narrow Nationalisms

New Challenges

“New” and “Newer” Negroes

Between Class and Nationality

From Banjo to Melody

Conclusion: The Antinomies of a Proletarian Avant-garde

Flights and Moorings

A Social Poet’s Progress

Poets and Criminals

Chronology of the Mid-Twentieth-Century Cultural Left

Notes

Acknowledgments and Sources

Index