Abingdon (Va.), 159–60
Adair County (Ky.), 196
Adams, John Quincy, 4
Afghanistan, 339–40
African Americans. See black regiments; blacks
Alden, A. E., 322, 329–31, 336n21
American Missionary Association, 202
Anderson, Charles, 171
Anderson, John, 245
Anderson, Paul Christopher, 124
Anderson’s Station (Tenn.), 172
Army of Tennessee, 176, 278, 280, 295. See also specific battles
Army of the Cumberland, 170, 173–74. See also specific battles
Army of the Potomac, 175. See also specific battles
Articles of Confederation, 2
Ash, Stephen V., 127
Atlanta Campaign, 179
Augusta (Ga.), 279
Ayers, Edward L., 342
Baley, Thomas, 175
Baltimore (Md.), 47
Baptist Church, 3
Baptist Convention and Mission Board (Tenn.), 134
Barren River (Ky.), 127
Barry, H. W., 199
Barton, Michael, 124
Bath County (Ky.), 254
Beatty, Dallas, 153
Beatty, David “Tinker Dave,” 145–46, 162, 346
Beatty, James, 146
Beatty, Samuel, 135
Beauregard, P. G. T., 292
Bedford County (Tenn.), 170
Bell, John, 29, 48, 59, 288–89, 300
Berea (Ky.): antislavery colony in, 20, 240
Bergeron, Paul, 67n6
Berry, Stephen, 124
Blackburn, Joseph H., 324, 329–32
black regiments: 5th U.S. Colored Cavalry, 156, 206, 208; 6th U.S. Colored Cavalry, 203, 206, 208; 4th U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery, 203; 6th U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery, 178; 12th U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery, 203, 206; 100th U.S. Colored Infantry, 203; 108th U.S. Colored Infantry, 203; 115th U.S. Colored Infantry, 208; 116th U.S. Colored Infantry, 203
blacks: adjustment of, to military service, 204; as refugees, 365; as soldiers, 193–98, 202–8, 346, 365; as substitutes for whites, 194; attitude of, toward Camp Nelson, 236; attitude of, toward discrimination in the ranks, 206; camp activities of, 205; Confederates’ attitudes toward, 338; Confiscation Acts and, 347; discrimination against, 206–8; 1867 mayoral election in Nashville and, 323–24, 329, 331; 1866 Memphis race riot and, 322; emancipation and, 247; enlistment of, 204, 365; performance of, as soldiers, 207–8; postwar Kentucky and, 353–55; promotion and, 206; recruitment of, 193–98, suffrage in Tennessee and, 315, 321. See also black regiments
Blackwell, Robert, 180
Blanton, Ray, 77
Bledsoe, Willis Scott, 141, 149
Bloom, J. H., 181
Bokum, Hermann, 78
Boone County (Ky.), 252
Boons Hill (Tenn.), 174
Bosnia, 339
Bourbon County (Ky.), 195–96, 198
Bowling Green (Ky.), 128, 190, 195, 199, 204, 254, 257, 349
Boyle, Jeremiah T., 247–48, 253, 346, 356
Boyle County (Ky.), 195–96
Bragg, Braxton, 105, 107, 151, 171, 173, 191, 292–93, 303, 308, 343
Bramlette, Thomas E., 25, 193, 343, 346, 356
Brantley, James H., 325, 330, 332
Bray, Andrew, 135
Breckinridge, John C., 29, 43nl3, 48, 79, 82, 88, 159–60, 364
Breckinridge, Robert J., 31
Breckinridge, William C. P., 352, 354–56
Brents, James A., 146
Bristow, Benjamin H., 355
Browder, George, 250
Brown, Neill S., 51, 55, 59, 302
Brown, Randal, 324
Brown, W. Matt: as mayor of Nashville, 320, 322; defiance of, 322, 330–31; 1867 Nashville mayoral election and, 323–32; elected mayor of Nashville in 1865 and 1866, 322; seeks to prevent certification of 1867 election, 330; withdraws from 1867 mayoral race, 328
Browning, O. H., 41
Brownlow, William G.: actions o f, against secessionists, 315; actions of, as governor of Tennessee, 112, 321–22; actions of, in Union-occupied East Tennessee, 109; American Party in Tennessee and, 288; arrest of, 73; blacks and, 315; campaigns against secession, 82–84, 87–90; characterizes East Tennessee Unionism, 78–79; class politics of, 87–89; criticism of, 78; 1867 Nashville mayoral election and, 320, 322–24, 327, 330–31, 333, 334n6; expelled from East Tennessee, 73, 104; historians’ treatment of, 76–77; inaugurated as governor of Tennessee, 314; influence of, 363; mobilizes Tennessee State Guard, 321; nominated for governor, 313; Northern enthusiasm for, 72–73; Northern tour of, 72–74, 91n3; on abolition, 306; on Abraham Lincoln, 79–80, 86; on Democrats and the Democratic Party, 79, 84–86; on James Buchanan, 84, 86; on John Brown, 83; on John C. Breckinridge, 85; on John H. Crozier, 85; on slavery, 83–84; on statehood for East Tennessee, 86–87; on Unionists in East Tennessee, 72–73; on William L. Yancey, 85; physical description of, 72; postwar actions of, 77; postwar actions of, as governor, 111–12; prewar political affiliation of, 75; returns to East Tennessee from exile, 109; secessionists and the secession crisis and, 77–78, 80–89, 97; Unionist actions of, 76–78, 101
Brownlowism: definition of, 322
Brownsville (Tenn.), 61
Bryan, Charles, Jr., 76
Bryan, William T., 133
Buckner, E. P., 202–3
Buckner, G. W, 195
Buckner, Simon B., 32–33, 35–36, 44n24, 105, 290
Buell, Don Carlos, 134, 170–71, 246, 299, 302–4, 308
Bullitt, Sandy, 204
Bull’s Gap (Tenn.), 107
Burbridge, Stephen G., 156, 181, 208, 229, 249, 254, 346, 356
Burk, Mary, 251
Burke, Edmund, 47
Burnett, Henry C., 36
Burnside, Ambrose E., 105, 108–9, 222, 249, 308, 346
Burroughs, Franklin, 180
bushwhacking: definition of, 150
Cadiz (Ky.), 346
Cairo (Ill.), 38, 61, 71n33, 177
Calfkiller River (Tenn.), 152–53, 162
California, 340
Camp Beech Grove (Ky.), 290–91
Campbell, William B., 302–3, 305–7
Campbell County (Tenn.), 325
Camp Boone (Ky.), 37
Camp Butler (Ill.), 172–73
Camp Dick Robinson (Ky.), 37, 142–43, 353
Camp Meyers (Tenn.), 289
Camp Nelson: Appalachian refugees at, 219–20, 222–24, 235, 241n3, 241n15; as a recruitment center for blacks, 203, 220–21; as a refugee camp, 217–24; as a supply depot, 218, 220; authorities’ attitude toward black refugees at, 196, 228–29; authorities’ attitude toward white refugees at, 223–24; behavior of white refugees at, 223–24; black refugees at, 220, 222, 242n20, 353, 365; chaplains at, 205; characterization of white refugees at, 219–20; closure of, 237, 239–40; Colored Refugee Home at, 221, 233, 235; comparison of white and black refugees at, 235; conditions at, 200–1, 217–18, 223, 234–35; death and disease at, 233–35; description of, 236; 1864 expulsion of refugees at, 221, 229–33; end of the war and, 237, 239–40; Freedmen’s Bureau and, 221, 237; humanitarians and, 201–2; location of, 195; missionaries at, 205; number of refugees at, 217, 219, 233; observers describe suffering at, 234–35; postwar activities of refugees and, 240; preaching at, 204; prostitution at, 227–28; refugees’ attitude toward, 236; refugees’ reaction to closure of, 239; results of 1864 expulsion, 232–33; schools at, 236; treatment of black refugees at, 199–201, 235; treatment of black soldiers at, 206; treatment of white Appalachian refugees at, 235; uses of, 218, 220–21; U.S. Sanitary Commission and, 223–24
Capps,John, 146
Carafano, James J., 339–40
Carmichael, Peter, 283n7
Carroll Patriot, 63
Carter, George, 157
Carter, Rachel, 254
Carter, Samuel P., 108
Carter, William B., 102–3, 108
Cathey, Cyrus Lee, 174
Catholic Church, 3
Cave, J. H., 181–82
Cave City (Ky.), 128
central Kentucky, 1
Chandler, Albert B., 43n8
Charleston (S.C.), 58
Chattanooga (Tenn.), 275–76, 293
Chattanooga, Battle of, 294, 308
Cheatham, Benjamin Franklin, 294
Chickamauga, Battle of, 107, 293–94, 308
China, 340
Christian soldiers: courage and, 284n12; death and, 273; defeats and, 279, 283n8, 285n21; religiosity of comrades and, 282n6; revivalism and, 277; steadfastness of, 282n6; the will to fight and, 284n12. See also Fielder, Alfred T.; religion
Christopher, Mrs. John, 234
Cimprich, John, 306
Cincinnati (Ohio): blacks in, 192–93, 240; incarceration of Confederate women in, 252
Cincinnati Southern Railroad, 355
Civil War and Readjustment in Kentucky, The (Coulter), 25
Clark, Andrew H., 229
Clark, Thomas, 10
Clary, Charles, 181
Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 19
Clay, Henry: American System and, 4, 12; Compromise of 1850 and, 13; political influence of, 1, 4–5, 12, 27–28, 127, 363; political philosophy of, 4; view of slavery, 12; view of the Union, 12–13
Cleburne, Patrick, 292
Clinton County (Ky.), 140–48, 158
Cluke, Roy S., 346
Cold War, 339
Collins, Lewis, 251
Colored Ladies’ Soldiers’ Aid Society (Louisville), 205
Colored Soldiers’ Aid Society (Louisville), 201, 205
Coltart, John, 328
Columbia (Tenn.), 172
Columbus (Ky.), 38, 190–91, 195, 275,
Compromise of 1850, 13–15
Compromise of 1877, 355
Confederate States of America, 1, 30, 57, 104
Confiscation Act of 1861, 41, 347
Confiscation Act of 1862, 347
Conklin, Royal Forrest, 93n13
Conrad, George, 196
Conscription Act of 1862, 90
Conservative Union Party, 352, 354
Constitution, U.S.: Fifteenth Amendment to, 354; Thirteenth Amendment to, 347–48, 352
Constitutional Union Party, 5, 29, 48, 75, 82, 85–86, 88, 288, 300, 310–11
Cook, Amanda, 252
Cooper, Joseph A., 324–25, 327, 329–30, 332, 336n17
Corinth (Miss.), 269, 274, 292
Coulter, E. Merton, 25, 36, 42, 76, 357
Covington (Ky.), 28
Covington, Josephine, 257
Cram, George H., 133
Crittenden, John J., 13–15, 29–30
Crittenden, Thomas L., 135
Crittenden Compromise, 70n25
Crockett, David, 5
Crozier, John H., 84
Cuba, 340
Cumberland, Department of the, 245
Cumberland County (Tenn.), 293
Cumberland River, 26, 39, 127, 195
Current, Richard Nelson, 123
Curry, Richard, 357
Daily Kentucky Yeoman, 354
Daily Press and Times, 326, 330
Dalton, Alfred T., 177
Daniel, Larry J., 269–70
Danville (Ky.), 195
Daughters of Zion (Louisville), 205
Davidson County (Tenn.), 303, 322
Davis, Garret, 31
Davis, Jefferson: East Tennessee and, 101–2, 104; Kentucky and, 9, 27, 37; occupation of Columbus and, 40
DeKalb County (Tenn.), 292
Democratic Party: election of 1860 and, 47–48, 79; in the South, 16; prewar election turnout of, 75; success of, in 1859 Kentucky election, 15; Whig Party in Kentucky and, 4–5
Demopolis (Ala.), 295
Demossville (Ky.), 251
Dent, Henry, 256
Destruction and Reconstruction (Taylor), 358
Dibrell, George, 152–53, 156, 289
Dickens, William T., 63
Dickson, William M., 192
Dillon, George, 295
Dixon, Archibald, 14
Dodge, Grenville, 173
Donelson, Andrew Jackson, 288
Donelson, Daniel, 105
Donelson, D. S., 292
Dover (Tenn.), 172
Dowdy, Rufus, 153
Downs, Nancy Ann, 254
Drake, Richard B., 91n3
Dred Scott decision, 80
Dug Hill, Battle of (Tenn.), 154
Duncan, Thomas, 326
Dunning, William, 357
Duvall,Van “Bug,”162
Dyersburg District Conference, 280
East, Edward H., 314
East Tennessee: abolition and, 82; Andrew Johnson and, 318n28; animosity of, toward Confederate government, 105; animosity of, toward Middle and West Tennessee, 87, 99; antebellum economy of, 75, 98; antebellum politics of, 75, 99; class divisions in, 98; compared to Lower South, 89; compared to Middle and West Tennessee, 87; Confederates’ control of, 107; Confederate crackdown in, 103; Confederate policy toward, 101–3; Confederate conscription in, 104; Confederates’ view of, 99; description of, 1; 1865 convention and, 312; election of 1865 and, 314; February 1861 referendum and, 53, 100; freedmen in, 112–13; geography of, 98; Great Valley of, 98; guerrilla activity in, 108–11, 308; historians and, 74, 76, 97; importance of railroad in, 101; James Longstreet in, 308; June 1861 referendum and, 64–65, 101; Lower South and, 99; postwar legal action in, 111; postwar migration of secessionists out of, 111; postwar politics and, 113; postwar poverty in, 113; postwar violence in, 111; Radicals in, 312; reaction to Union occupation of, 105–6; refugees from, 110; Relief Association in, 110; republican values of, 99; secessionists and the secession crisis and, 97, 99–101, 109; slavery in, 98, 106; statehood and 75, 86–87, 90, 95n41, 101, 318n28; support for William G. Brownlow in, 320; Union attempts to pacify, 108–9; Union Executive Committee in, 312; Unionism in, 72–73, 79, 89–90, 97, 101–6, 123, 301, 306; Unionist convention in, 101; Unionist women in, 106; Unionists’ actions in, 90, 102–5; Union occupation of, 105–8; Union soldiers from, 104, 123, 90, 96n47; uniqueness of, 74–75, 98; Virginia Railroad and, 98; wartime migration of East Tennesseans, 110; Whig Party in, 99; white attitudes toward freedmen in, 112–13
East Tennessee, Department of, 101
East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad, 98
Echols, John, 160
1860 Democratic convention, 47
elections: 1824, 4; 1836, 4; 1844, 4–5; 1856, 5; 1860, 5, 15–16, 28–29, 47–48, 188, 300, 310–11; 1868, 354
Ely, John, 353
Emory and Henry College (Va.), 158–60
Episcopal Church, 3
Etheridge, Emerson, 48, 51, 53, 62, 306–7
Evansville (Ind.), 193
Ewell, Richard S., 179–80
Fairleigh, Thomas, 250
Farmington Road (Miss.): engagement at, 292
Farwell, Royal Estabrook, 237, 239–40, 243n52, 244n53
Faust, Drew Gilpin, 269–70
Faxon, Charles, 54–55
Fayette County (Ky.), 198
Federalist Papers (Madison), 80
Fee, John G., 20, 205, 221, 223, 225–26, 233–35, 240, 241n9, 244n62
Fentress County (Tenn.), 140–41, 153
Ferguson, Champ: alleged death of, 155; arrested by Confederates in 1865, 160; arrested by Union authorities in 1865, 162; attitude of, toward Unionist members of his family, 145; background of, 140–42; Basil Duke and, 149; Battle of Dug Hill and, 154; Battle of Saltville and, 156–57; Battle of Wild Cat Creek and, 153; 1861 arrest of, 142; eludes capture in 1861, 142; eludes capture in 1862, 148–49; execution of, 161–62; family supports Union, 141, 145; guerrilla activities of, 143–44, 147–59, 162, 346, 364; kills Union officer at Emory and Henry College, 158–59; military commission and, 149–50; moves to Tennessee, 142; number of men killed and, 149; participates in 1862 invasion of Kentucky, 150; prewar legal troubles of, 140–41; reasons for fighting, 140–41, 143, 145, 151; rides with John Hunt Morgan, 149, 151–52; rides with Joseph Wheeler, 156; Saltville massacre and, 157–58; wartime writings about, 146, 148; wounded in 1864, 155–56
Fielder, Alfred T.: antebellum life of, 268; attends religious services, 270–71; Battle of Atlanta and, 274; Battle of Murfreesboro and, 274; Battle of Shiloh and, 274; Christian Association in his regiment and, 278–79; criticizes minister’s sermon, 276; deeds land to the church, 269; derives comfort from faith, 268, 271–73, 280; derives comfort from religious services, 275; derives courage from faith, 273; desires to be better person, 284n13; desires to worship, 275–76; endures inconveniences to attend worship, 275; faith and perseverance of, 273; God’s providence and, 271–72, 280; God’s wrath and, 271; interdenomi-nationalism of, 278–79; leads prayer meetings, 277; on revivalism in the army, 278; on the defeat of the South, 279; on the importance of faith and righteous behavior, 271; on the religiosity of soldiers, 269–70, 276–77; postwar activities of, 279–80; postwar religious activities of, 280; prayers of, 267, 272–73, 275–76; reads Scripture, 276; reconciling war and faith and, 269; references of, to heaven, 273, 276–77; reflects on birthday, 274–75, 284n13; religious background of, 268; revivals at Dalton and, 278; slavery and, 268; spiritual growth of, 275–80; steadfastness in faith of, 270–71, 274–78; strengthened faith of, 274–75; summary of military service, 267; thankfulness of, 271, 274, 277, 280, 284n13; worships in private, 275–76. See also Christian soldiers; religion
Fields, Eliza, 198
Fields, Mary, 198
Fields, Mildred, 198
Fire-Eaters, 15, 29, 46, 49, 81, 84, 88, 90, 300
Fisher, Noel, 76
Fisk, Clinton B., 237, 244n56, 353
Fitzgerald, Michael, 357
Ford, Sallie Rochester, 254
Forrest, Nathan Bedford, 172–73, 178–79, 346
Fort Anderson (Ky.), 199
Fort Boonesborough (Ky.), 11
Fort Donelson (Tenn.), 170, 172, 272, 299, 343
Fort Henry (Tenn.), 170, 272, 343
Fort Pickens (Fla.), 55–56
Fort Pillow (Tenn.): massacre at, 178–79, 185n27
Fort Sumter (S.C.), 30, 55–56, 58, 89, 100, 168
Fowler, lohn D., 76
Fowlkes, Jeptha, 54–56
Frankfort (Ky.), 352
Franklin, John Hope, 357
Franklin County (Tenn.), 182
freedmen. See blacks
Freedmen’s Bureau, 112, 237, 349, 353–54, 365–66,
Freedmen’s Savings and Trust Company, 324
Freehling, William, 10
Frémont, John C., 40–42
Friendship (Tenn.), 267–68, 272, 280
Frogg, William, 143
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, 30
Gainesboro (Tenn.), 286–87, 291
Gamaliel (Ky.), 128
Gardner, William H., 158
General Orders: No. 4 (Union), 227–28; No. 19 (Union), 230, 243n37; No. 24 (Union), 249; No. 38 (Union), 249–50; No. 233 (Union), 260n18. See also Special Orders
Gentry, Meredith P., 46
Germany, 339
Gillem, Alvan C., 65
Givens, Mrs. M. M., 247
Glasgow (Ky.), 176
Gorin, John C., 254
Graham, C., 234
Granger, Gordon, 190
Grant, Ulysses S., 38, 74, 107, 153, 170, 178, 218, 294, 299, 303, 308, 326–28, 354
Greenberg, Kenneth, 124
Green County (Ky.), 196
Grider, Benjamin C., 131
Grider, J. H., 133
Groce, W. Todd, 76
Grundy, Felix, 4
Guerrant, Edward O., 157
guerrillas, 143–44, 146–59, 162, 169, 171–81, 303, 364
Hager, Annie, 237
Hale, J. D., 146–47
Hale, jonathan, 148
Hale, Pheroba, 148
Hall, Edwin R., 324
Hall, Robert L., 324
Hall, Theron E., 221, 233, 243n42
Hamilton, Oliver, 147
Hancock County (Ky.), 196
Harlan, John Marshall, 355
Harlan County (Ky.), 145
Harpers Ferry, 168
Harris, Hensley, 181
Harris, Isham G: addresses special session of legislature in 1861, 51; alliance with Confederacy and, 61; attempts to send delegates to Montgomery, 57; East Tennesseans’ view of, 99; February 1861 referendum and, 75; June 1862 referendum and, 61–62;
Kentucky’s neutrality and, 35; prosecession sentiments of, 67n7, 68n12, 77, 100, 288–89, 300; response of, to Lincoln’s call for volunteers, 58, 100; Tennessee’s declaration of independence and, 61; view of Lincoln’s election, 49
Harrison, Horace, 330
Harrison, Lowell, 28, 33, 36, 346–47, 351, 357
Harrison, Thomas, 153
Harrison, William Henry, 4
Hartford Convention, 46
Harwell, T. D., 278
Hatfield-McCoy feud, 348
Hatton, Robert, 288
Hawes, Richard, 343
Hawkins, Alvin, 54
Hawkins, Isaac, 63
Hayes, Rutherford B., 355
Henderson County (Ky.), 197
Henry, Gustavaus A., 48
Henry County (Ky.), 197
Henselwood, Crawford, 157
Hestand, Turner, 133
Higgins, Mrs. Joel, 255
Hildreth, William, 159
historians: on East Tennessee, 76; on Reconstruction, 357; on religiosity of antebellum Southern men, 270, 283n7; on religiosity of soldiers, 269–70; on Unionism, 123; on vice in camp, 269–70; on why soldiers fought, 123–25, 169; on William G. Brownlow, 76–77
Hoffman, Mary Faulkner, 255
Holt, William C., 324
Holyoke, Maria, 251
Howard, Victor, 357
Huddleston, Elam, 151–52
Huddleston, Moses, 151
Hughes, Lafayette, 177
Hume, Cora, 250
Humphrey, Steve, 93n13
Hyde, Grey, 174
Hyder, W. B., 154–55
Illinois: Kentuckians settle in, 11, 27
Indiana: Kentuckians settle in, 11, 27
Indiana Regiment: 8th Infantry, 153
Inscoe, John C., 76
Iraq, 339–40
Jackson, Andrew, 1, 4–5, 46, 55–56, 127
Jackson, Thomas J. “Stonewall,” 179
Jackson County (Tenn.), 127, 129, 286–87, 289, 292–93
James, Frank, 348
James, Jesse, 348
Jamestown (Tenn.), 141
Japan, 339
Jarrigan, Milton P., 159–60
Jeffersonville Prison (Ind.), 252
Jennison, Charles, 171
Jessamine County (Ky.), 195
Jim Crow, 355
Jimerson, Randall, 124
Jocelyn, Stephen, 208
Johnson, Adam “Stovepipe,” 172, 346, 356
Johnson, Andrew: abolition and, 305–9, 311–12, 365; Abraham Lincoln and, 86, 301, 305, 307–11, 315; actions of, against secessionists in Nashville, 302–3; appointed military governor of Tennessee, 301; as military governor of Tenn., 147, 173, 301–12, 315, 322, 344, 365; burned in effigy, 50; Conservatives and, 306–11; dispute with Don Carlos Buell, 303–4; East Tennessee and, 103, 318n28; family expelled from East Tennessee, 104; 1865 convention in Tennessee and, 313; 1867 mayoral election in Nashville and, 336n15; elected to vice presidency, 311–12; issues amnesty proclamation, 309, 323; nominated as vice president, 310; Radicals in Tennessee and, 306–12; repeals martial law in Kentucky, 353; secessionists and the secession crisis and, 55, 302–3; Tennesseans’ view of, 301–2; Unionist sentiments of, 85, 301, 68n11; Unionists in Tennessee and, 301–7, 308–11
Johnson, George W., 343
Johnson, Henry, 147
Johnson’s Island (Ohio), 250
Johnston, Albert Sidney, 102, 290, 343
Jones, Elise, 254
Jones, Samuel, 105
Jonesborough (Tenn.), 76
Judd, Clara, 173
Kansas, 168
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 13–15
Kansas Regiment: 7th Cavalry, 171
Kentucky: abolition and, 17–18, 20–21, 347; Abraham Lincoln and, 32, 34–41; actions of, after Confederate occupation of Columbus, 39; actions of, against secessionists, 345–46; actions of secessionists in, 36, 40; agriculture in, 3; American Party in, 14–15; American Revolution and, 10; antislavery movement in, 12, 18–20; as a mediator between North and South, 13; as part of Virginia, 2; attitudes toward slavery in, 27–28; black troops and, 193–96, 203–4, 206–7, 225, 345, 347, 353–55; blacks as substitutes for whites in, 194; blacks flee military service in, 196–97; blacks’ motivation for enlisting in, 194–95; central region of, 10–11; citizens’ reaction to proclamation of neutrality in, 33; compared to other Southern states, 10; Confederate women arrested in, 250–55; Conservative Union Party in, 352, 354; declaration of martial law in, 345; Democratic Party and, 14, 354–55; description of black recruits in, 202–3; discrimination against black soldiers in, 206–7; economic impact of abolition in, 199; economic impact of war in, 349; economic similarities between Tennessee and, 3; economic ties of, to Lower South, 16; economic ties of, to North, 21, 363; economic ties of, to Tennessee, 34; economy in, 3, 16; education in, 3; educational similarities between Tennessee and, 3; egalitarianism in, 11–12, 18; 1849 and 1855 constitutional conventions in, 18; 1865 elections and, 348; 1861 congressional election in, 36; 1861 state elections in, 36; election of 1856 and, 5; election of 1844 and, 4–5; election of 1860 and, 15–16, 21, 29; election of 1864 and, 351; election of 1836 and, 4; election of 1824 and, 4; Emancipation Proclamation and, 192, 221, 347; exile of Confederate women in, 251, 254–57; Freedmen’s Bureau in, 353–54; fugitive slaves and, 20; Great Hog Swindle and, 346; guerrilla activity in, 25, 344, 145–47, 149–52; hemp production in, 16; history of, 10–22; home guard in, 34–35, 37, 128–29, 148, 189, 290, 345; Hylan Lyon’s raid and, 346–47; impact of war on, 348–49; importance of, to Confederacy, 26–27; importance of, to Union, 26–27; impressment of slaves in, 191–93, 197; Indian attacks in, 10; industry in, 3; internal slave trade and, 17; introduction of slavery in, 11; invasion of, 128, 191, 303; Jeffersonianism and, 4; martial law in, 249–50, 353, 260n18; migration to, from Northwest, 11; migration to, from Virginia, 27; migration to Lower South states from, 17; migration to Northwest states from, 11; Military Department of, 35; nation building and, 342–42; neutrality and, 1, 32–34, 343; number of black soldiers from, 203, 225; number of slaves freed in, 199; number of slaves in, 3–4; numbers of soldiers serving in Confederate army from, 9, 344; numbers of soldiers serving in Union army from, 344; physical condition of black recruits, 202–3; planters in, 11; political history of, 2, 4, 11–12; postwar economy in, 350, 352, 366, postwar federal-state conflict in, 350–54; postwar politics in, 351–52, 354; postwar Unionists in, 352; postwar violence in, 348; race and, 18, 21; reaction to Confederate occupation of Columbus, 39; Reconstruction in, 341–58; recruitment of black soldiers in, 193–96, 224–25; religion in, 3; religious similarities between Tennessee and, 3; Republican Party and, 13, 351–52, 354–55; secessionist women in, 255–56; settlement of, 1–6, 10; similarities between Northwest states and, 11; similarities between Southern states and, 11; similarities between Tennessee and, 3; Slave Importation Act of 1833 and, 17; slave population of, 28; slavery and, 3–4, 11, 13, 16–18, 20–21, 28, 34, 189–90, 196, 199–202, 347; slavery’s expansion and, 13; slaves’ resistance to bondage during war in, 189, 198; social ties to Missouri and, 27; social ties to Northwest and, 11; social ties to Virginia and, 27; State Guard in, 128; statehood of, 2; states’ rights and, 13; suspension of habeas corpus in, 345; the secession crisis and, 9, 13, 22, 25–26, 29–42, 127, 363; Thirteenth Amendment and, 352; ties to Lower South and, 4, 17, 28, 343; treatment of contrabands in, 226–29; treatment of runaways by slaveowners in, 226–27; Unionism in, 9–22, 31, 345; Union policy toward Confederate women in, 245–58; Union policy toward slaves in, 199–202; Union soldiers’ treatment of Confederate women in, 245–47, 249, 257; Union soldiers’ attitude toward runaway slaves in, 191, 199–201; veterans and, 348–49; violence against black soldiers in, 225; Virginia and, 2; War of 1812 and, 4; wartime and postwar land values in, 349; wartime employment opportunities for slaves in, 189–90; wartime treatment of slaves in, 189; Whig Party and, 4, 13, 351–52; white attitudes toward blacks in, 347; white reaction to blacks’ enlistment in Union armies in, 193–94, 196, 199, 225; white reaction to Emancipation Proclamation in, 192; women and loss of property in, 257–58; women’s communication with fighting men and, 255; women’s support of guerrillas in, 252–54; yeomen farmers in, 11. See also specific counties
Kentucky Artillery Regiments: 4th U.S. Colored Heavy, 203; 6th U.S. Colored Heavy, 178; 12th U.S. Colored Heavy, 203, 206
Kentucky Calvary Regiments: 1st (CSA), 182; 2nd (CSA), 182; 1st (USA), 148; 12th (USA), 181; 13th (USA), 158, 176; 5th U.S. Colored, 206, 208; 6th U.S. Colored, 203, 206, 208
Kentucky County, 2
Kentucky Infantry Regiments: 3rd (USA), 141; 4th (USA), 291; 9th (USA), 123, 125–36; 12th (USA), 158; 23rd (USA), 135
Kirk, George W., 324
Klotter, James C., 346, 351, 357
Knefler, Frederick, 134
Know Nothing Party, 5, 14–15, 29, 75, 85
Knoxville (Tenn.), 87, 222, 308
Knoxville Whig, 73, 77–79, 82, 85, 88, 97, 324
Knoxville Whig and Rebel Ventilator, 109
Lambertson, Callie, 250
Latin America, 339
Lebanon (Ky.), 196
Lebanon (Tenn.), 149
Lellyett, William, 56
Lemmons, William, 174
Letcher, Robert, 15
Lewis, William H., 182
Lexington (Ky.), 195, 198, 232, 257, 349, 353
Liberator, 243n42
Licking River, 192
Lincoln, Abraham: abolition in Kentucky and, 305, 315–16, 347; amnesty proclamation and, 108, 308; Andrew Johnson and, 301, 305, 307–11, 315; assassination of, 316, 348; birthplace of, 27; call for volunteers and, 58, 289, 364; East Tennessee and, 102; effort to establish Unionist government in Tennessee and, 306–7; election of 1860 and, 29, 48–49, 79–80, 188; Emancipation Proclamation and, 192, 304–5; enlistment of black soldiers and, 193; Kentucky and, 9, 32, 34–38, 40–42, 364; Kentucky’s neutrality and, 35–38, 40; martial law and, 260n18; Reconstruction in Kentucky and, 344; Reconstruction in Tennessee and, 299–300, 304–5, 308–9, 314; Second Inaugural Address and, 169; Tennesseans’ view of, 99; supports hard-war policies, 170; the secession crisis and, 32, 34–38, 40–41, 300; Union Party ticket and, 310
Lincoln, Mary Todd, 27
Lincoln County (Ky.), 201
Lincoln County (Tenn.), 171
Linderman, Gerald, 124
Livingston (Tenn.), 148, 176, 291
Logan County (Ky.), 197–98
Longstreet, James, 107, 136, 308
Lost Cause, the, 357
Louisa (Ky.), 199
Louisville (Ky.): arrests of Confederate women in, 252; attitudes toward secession in, 21–22; black soldiers in, 195–96, 204, 206; Confederate sympathizers in, 173, 250; economic ties to North and, 21; economy of, 21–22; Fifth Street Baptist Church in, 201, 205; forts in, 348; Freedmen’s Bureau and, 353; Galt House in, 356; Green Street Baptist Church in, 205; impressment of slaves in, 191–92; incarceration of Confederate women in, 253; in immediate postwar period, 348–49; population of, 21; postwar economy in, 350; recruitment of slaves in, 196; slave refugee camp at, 201–2; slavery in, 28, 198
Louisville and Nashville Railroad, 21, 34, 151, 343, 350
Louisville Daily Journal, 353
Louisville Democrat, 356
Louisville Examiner, 19
Louisville Journal, 55, 110, 181
Lucas, Marion, 17
Ludington, E. H., 25
Lutheran Church, 3
Lyon, Hylan B., 346–47
Macon County (Tenn.), 125, 127, 129, 131–32
Madison, James, 80
Madison County (Ky.), 195, 204
Magoffin, Beriah: Abraham Lincoln and, 37; as governor of Kentucky, 15, 343; Camp Dick Robinson and, 37; Jefferson Davis and, 27; Kentucky’s neutrality and, 32, 39; prosecession actions of, 31–32; resignation of, 45n35; the secession crisis and, 29–31, 35
Manassas (Bull Run), Second Battle of, 170
Marion (Ky.), 208
Marion County (Ky.), 195
Marmaduke, John, 292
Marshall, Thomas, 19
Maryland, 344
Mason, Almeda, 250
Mason, T. David, 358
Massachusetts, 47
Massey, John R., 180
Massey, Thomas, 180
Matthews, Miss M., 176
Matthews, Miss V., 176
Maynard, Horace, 104, 288, 306
Maysville (Ky.), 249–50
McClasson, W. B., 181–82
McClellan, George B., 35, 103, 130, 246, 310–11, 351
McConnell, Mitchell, Jr., 43n8
McCown, John P., 105
McCreary, J. B., 355
McLean, Irwin C., 174
McLean Barracks (Ohio), 252
McPherson, James M., 33, 124–25, 129–30, 132, 135, 269, 281n2, 284n12
Meacham, F., 257
Medlin, Gray B., 64
Memphis (Tenn.): blacks meet in, 305, 311; 1866 race riot in, 322; guerrilla activity near, 172; Lincoln’s call for volunteers and, 59; Northern-born and immigrant makeup of, 70n30; secessionists’ actions in, 59–63; state government meets in, 299; surrender of, 303; the secession crisis and, 49–50; Unionists in, 50, 53, 61, 309
Memphis and Ohio Railroad, 59
Memphis Bulletin, 49
Memphis Daily Avalanche, 50, 62
Memphis Enquirer, 49
Mercer County (Ky.), 195
Meredith’s Mill, Battle of. See Wild Cat Creek, Battle of
Methodist Church, 3
Mexico, 340
Michael, Geoff, 127
Michigan Regiment: 11th Cavalry, 157
Middle East, 357
Middle Tennessee: economy of, 127; election of 1865 and, 314; February 1861 referendum and, 53; June 1861 referendum and, 64–65; Lincoln’s call for volunteers and, 289; secession and secessionists in, 97, 127–28, 315; socioeconomic makeup of, 127; Union army and, 170, 303; Unionism in, 123, 128–29, 145–46, 306; Whig Party in, 127
Mill Springs (Ky.), 191, 290–91,
Mill Springs, Battle of, 103, 144, 291, 343
Miller, Charlie, 254
Miller, J. W., 180
Miller, Penny M., 343–44, 346, 351
Milroy, Robert H., 178–80, 182, 185n34
Minty, Robert, 152
Minute Men: in Tennessee, 49–51
Missionary Ridge, Battle of, 107
Mississippi Regiment: 15th Infantry, 291
Mississippi: secession of, 51
Missouri Regiment: 42nd Infantry, 182
Mitchell, Reid, 124
Monroe (Tenn.), 146
Monroe County (Ky.), 127–28
Montgomery (Ala.), 30
Monticello (Ky.), 176
Montpelier Academy (Tenn.), 286
Morgan, John Hunt, 108, 145, 149, 151–52, 173, 177, 222, 253–54, 343, 346, 356
Morgan, Richard, 149–50
Morgan County (Ky.), 252
Morrison, John, 147
Mosgrove, George Dallas, 156
Mt. Sterling (Ky.), 254, 338 Mt. Zion Methodist Church (Tenn.), 268, 280
Mulberry (Tenn.), 175
Mumfort, Mrs. L., 255
Mundy, Jerome “Sue,” 346
Munfordville (Ky.), 199
Murfree, James B., 158
Murfreesboro (Stones River), Battle of, 132, 173, 274, 276, 292–93, 308
Murfreesboro (Tenn.), 303
Myers, Abram, 322–23
Nabors, Benjamin D., 54
Nashville (Tenn.): Andrew Johnson and the 1867 mayoral election in, 336n15; Battle of, 343; blacks and the 1867 mayoral election in, 323–24; blacks in, 311, 323–24, 326; Conservatives and the 1867 mayoral election in, 322–25, 329–33, 335n9; Conservatives in, 320; municipal police force and the 1867 mayoral election in, 325–26, 332; Radicals and the 1867 mayoral election in, 322–25, 328–31, 333; results of the 1867 mayoral election in, 329; slaves and free blacks meet in, 305, 311; state government abandonment of, 299; State Guard and the 1867 mayoral election in, 320–21, 324, 327, 329–31; summary of 1867 mayoral election in, 320; Unionist meetings in, 302, 309; Union soldiers and 1867 mayoral election in, 326–29, 331–32, 335n12. See also Middle Tennessee; Tennessee
Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, 172, 178–79
Nashville and Louisville Railroad, 180
Nashville Daily Union, 148, 155–56, 314
Nashville Union Club, 305
National Anti-Slavery Standard, 226
Neely, Mark, 75
Neeren, Jesse B., 174
Nelson, T. A. R., 105, 109, 288, 318n28
New Albany (Ind.), 205
New Castle (Ky.), 189
Newport (Ohio), 247
New York Academy of Music, 72, 74, 90
New York City, 73
New York Tribune, 243n42
Nicholson, O. P., 302
North Carolina, 2
Norwich Military Academy (Vt.), 179
Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, 169
Ohio, Department of, 108, 246, 249
Ohio Regiments: 12th Cavalry, 157; 71st Infantry, 177
Ohio River, 2, 9, 11, 20, 26, 35, 39, 188, 193, 252, 343, 350
Oldham County (Ky.), 255
O’Neill, Tip, 342
Oostanuala River, 295
Orne, William P., 64
Overton County (Tenn.), 141, 289–90
Oyster, Louise, 250
Paducah (Ky.), 26, 28, 39, 195, 199, 203, 258, 349, 353
Paine, Eleazer A., 177–78, 180, 345–46, 364
Palmer, John M., 347
Paludan, Phillip Shaw, 276
Panama, 340
Park, Olivia H., 254
Parker, Lillie, 251
Parsons, Thomas, 338
Patriots and Guerillas of East Tennessee and Kentucky, The (Brents), 146
Patterson, Mattie, 252
Patterson, Robert S., 325, 332, 335n10
Payne, Robert G., 62
Peddicord, C. A., 172
Pendleton County (Ky.), 251
Pennsylvania, 47
Petersburg (Va.), 203
Philippines, 339–40
Phillips, Jason, 132
Pickett, William, 180
Pilot Knob (Ky.), 181
Pittman, Moses, 182
Polk, James K., 4
Polk, Leonidas, 38–39, 42, 128
Polk, Lucius, 294
Pratt, Mrs. Bernard, 257
Prentice, George, 31
Presbyterian Church, 3
Princeton (Ky.), 346
Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, 308
provost marshal: duties of, 170
Provost Marshal Records of the United States Army, 169–70
Pryne, Abram, 83
Puerto Rico, 340
Putnam, A. Waldo, 54–55
Putnam County (Tenn.), 289, 292–93
Quantrill, William Clarke, 346, 348
Rees, Mrs. Minerva, 252
refugee: definition of, 217. See also Camp Nelson
Regulators, the, 353
religion: antebellum Southern men and, 283n7; in the ranks, 269–79
Reneau, Isaac, 147
Republican Party, 5, 13, 29, 30, 48, 300
Resaca, Battle of, 295
Rexford, J. P., 325
Rhineland (Germany), 340
Robb, Alfred, 63
Robertson, James I., 269–70
Robinson, James F., 45n35
Rosecrans, William S., 105, 134–35, 151, 173–74, 252, 292, 308
Rutherford County (Tenn.), 171
Saltville: Battle of, 156, 207; massacre at, 157–58, 207
Sanders, Fleming, 177
Sarris, Jonathan, 91n4
Saum, Lewis O., 271–72, 283n11
Savage, John H., 288
Scott, Winfield, 287
Scottsville (Ky.), 176
Scovel, H. S., 323–24
secession, 9, 13, 22, 25–26, 29–42, 47, 49–63, 65–66, 66n4, 67n7, 68n12, 75–77, 82–83, 92n11, 94n28, 97, 99–101, 127–28, 168, 288–89, 299–300, 303, 306–7, 363–6. See also Brownlow, William G.; East Tennessee; Harris, Isham G.; Johnson, Andrew; Kentucky; Lincoln, Abraham; Magoffin, Beriah; Middle Tennessee; Tennessee; West Tennessee
Sells, Orange, 158–59
Selma (Ala.), 275
Shawnees, 2
Shelby County. See Memphis (Tenn.)
Shelbyville (Tenn.), 174, 176, 180, 293
Sheridan, B. J., 323, 327, 329
Sherman, William T., 74, 103, 134, 179, 190, 250, 295
Shiloh (Pittsburg Landing), Battle of, 274, 277, 292, 303
Shocker, Henry, 157
Simpson County (Ky.), 180–81
slaves: Andrew Johnson and, 305–6; as runaways, 189–91, 193–99; as soldiers, 194–97, 204–8, 215n50; as substitutes for whites, 194, 212n21; conditions of, in refugee camps, 200–1; contraband camps and, 225–26; description of, 202; economic opportunities for, during Civil War, 189; employment opportunities for, in Union army, 189–90; enlistment of, 193–96, 197, 205, 211n17, 213n31; humanitarians and, 201–2, 205; impact of war on, 364; impressment of, 191–93, 197; in the Lower South, 20–21; performance of, as soldiers, 207–8; physical condition of, 202–3, 215n49; public meetings held by, 305; religious activities of, 204; resistance of, to slavery, 189, 198; the secession crisis and, 188; treatment of, as soldiers, 206–7; treatment of, during Civil War, 188–89; Unionists and, 305; Union policy toward, 190, 193–202; Union soldiers’ attitude toward, 191, 199–201; view of 1860 election, 188; view of war, 208; white reaction to enlistment of, 193–94, 196, 199
Slocum, Henry Warner, 176
Smith, Edmund Kirby, 104–5, 160, 191, 303, 343
Smith, Elza, 158–59
Smith, William, 174
Smith County (Tenn.), 292–93
Soldiers’ Aid Society of Louisville, 205
Somalia, 339
Sons and Daughters of the Morning (Louisville), 205
South Carolina: secession of, 30–31, 50
Special Orders: No. 18 (Union), 248
Speed, Thomas W., 345
Spencer, Thomas “Big Foot,” 2
Sperry, Jacob, 85
Stanton, Champion, 286
Stanton, Martha Apple, 287, 297n30
Stanton, Sallie Lindsey, 286
Stanton, Sidney Smith: American Party and, 288; anti-secession activities of, 288–89; anti-secession sentiments of, 288; as a Confederate officer, 290–91; at the Battle of Resaca, 295; background of, 286–87, 296n2, 296n4; complimented by Simon Buckner, 290; death of, 295, 297nn27–28; disputes with fellow officers and, 288, 292–93, 295, 297n18; elected colonel of 28th Tennessee, 293; elected colonel of 25th Tennessee, 289; elected to General Assembly, 288; enlists in 25th Tennessee, 289; fellow officers’ view of, 295; organizes 84th Tennessee, 292; performance of, at Battle of Chickamauga, 294; performance of, at Battle of Mill Springs, 291; performance of, at Battle of Murfreesboro, 293; performance of, at Farmington Road engagement, 292; reaction to Lincoln’s call for volunteers, 289; reasons for fighting, 364; resigns from 25th Tennessee, 292; secessionist activities of, 289; secessionist sentiments of, 289, 296n7; view of Felix Zollicoffer, 290
Stevens, Sarah A., 254
Stokes, William, 153–55, 176, 289
Stone, Henry, 331
Stoneman, George, 230
Sturdevant, P. H., 176
Styles, J. N., 254
Sumner, James H., 324
Sumner County (Tenn.), 172
Symonds, Henry C., 346
Tate, Isabell, 268
Taylor, Richard, 358
Taylor County (Ky.), 196
Tennessee: abolition and, 82–83, 310–11, 304–7, 313, 315, 318n28; Abraham Lincoln’s election and, 49–50; as part of North Carolina, 2; black suffrage in, 321; civil government restored in, 312–14; collapse of civilian government in, 299; committees of public safety in, 59–60, 68n8; conditional Unionism and, 57; Conservative Unionists in, 306–14, 318n28, 321–22; contraband camps in, 110; county of Washington and, 2; declares independence, 61, 100, 289, 299–300; definition of Conservatives in, 321; definition of Radicals in, 306, 317n16, 321; economic similarities between Kentucky and, 3; economic ties to North and, 363; economy of, 3; education in, 3; educational similarities between Kentucky and, 3; effort to establish Unionist government in, 306–7; 1865 election in, 314–15; 1865 state convention in, 312–14; 1861 special session of General Assembly in, 51–52; 1867 gubernatorial election in, 321; 1863 state convention in, 306–7; 1863 election in, 304; election of 1856 and, 5; election of 1844 and, 4–5; election of 1860 and, 48, 66nn4–5, 67n6, 311–12; election of 1865 in, 314; election of 1867 in, 321–23; election of 1836 and, 4; election of 1824 and, 4; Emancipation Proclamation and, 106, 304–5; February 1861 referendum and, 52–55, 75–76, 100, 168, 288, 300; Fort Sumter and, 55–56, 58–62; franchise laws in, 321; guerrilla activity in, 147–48, 153–55, 162, 171–81, 303; Jeffersonianism and, 4; June 1861 referendum and, 56–57, 61, 63–66, 75–76, 92n11, 100–1, 168, 289, 300; Lincoln’s call for volunteers and, 58–62; Manumission Society in, 82; March 1864 elections in, 309–10; military preparations of, 59, 62; Minute Men in, 49–51, 60, 65, 68n8; number of slaves in, 3–4; political history of, 4; prosecessionists’ actions in, 49–66; Radicals in, 306–14, 321, 320–21; reaction of, to South Carolina’s secession, 50; Reconstruction in, 108, 111–13, 299–311, 314–15, 333; religious similarities between Kentucky and, 3; secession and secessionists in, 46–66, 56–62, 65–66, 94n28, 100, 303, 363–64; settlement of, 1–6; slavery in, 3–4, 82–83; State Guard in, 320–21, 324, 327, 329–31; statehood of, 2; ties to Lower South and, 4; Unionism in, 62, 65–66, 171, 182, 301–9, 366; Unionists’ actions in, 51–56; Union relief efforts in, 176; United Confederate Veterans camps in, 112; United Daughters of the Confederacy chapters in, 112; use of coercion and, 57–59; view of North Carolina government, 2; Vigilance Committees in, 60, 62–64; War of 1812 and, 4; war’s impact on slavery in, 305; Whig Party in, 4, 85, 300. See also East Tennessee; Middle Tennessee; West Tennessee Tennessee Calvary Regiments: 18th (CSA), 152; 5th (USA, 1st Middle Tennessee Cavalry), 153–54, 174, 176 Tennessee Infantry Regiments: 12th (CSA), 267, 271, 293; 15th (CSA), 181–82; 18th (CSA), 295; 19th (CSA), 98–99, 111; 25th (CSA), 176, 289–93; 28th (CSA), 293–94; 30th (CSA), 172; 84th (CSA), 293; 3rd (USA), 98–99
Thomas, George H., 103, 153, 162, 175, 197, 291, 294, 326–30
Thomas, Lorenzo, 194, 199, 201, 229
Thompson, Newcomb, 174
Tolley, Burton, 175
Tolley, John, 175
Tompkinsville (Ky.), 127–28, 290
Travelstead, Harvey, 180–81
Trenton (Tenn.), 173
Troy Press, 62
True American, 19
Tullahoma (Tenn.), 178, 275, 277, 308
Tupelo (Miss.), 292
Tuttle, John W., 141
Underground Railroad, 80
Union and Dispatch, 325
Union League of America, 321, 323–24, 345
United States: nation building and, 339–42, 357–58; September 11, 2001, and, 339
U.S. Colored Troops. See black regiments
Van Buren, Martin, 4
Van Dorn, Earl, 173
Vaughn, Emily, 252
Veteran Volunteer Act, 134
Vetters, John, 232
Vicksburg Campaign, 173
Wakefield, Samuel J., 174
Walker, Leroy P., 39
Walker, Thomas, 2
Wallace, Ellen, 250
Wallace, Lew, 192
Wallace, Mrs. R. W., 176
Warfield, William A., 236
War Hawks, 4
Warren County (Ky.), 254
Warren County (Tenn.), 292
Wartrace (Tenn.), 170
Washington, D.C., 26
Washington Peace Conference, 70n25
Watson, Cynthia, 339–42, 357–58
Watson, Samuel J., 284n12
Weatherred, John, 152
Webb, Ross A., 357
Weekly Anglo-African, 236
West, Thomas R., 174
West, Benjamin, 174
Western Europe, 339
West Point Military Academy, 177, 179
West Tennessee: 1863 election in, 304; election of 1865 in, 314; February 1861 referendum and, 53–54, 288; June 1861 referendum and, 64–65; prosecession sentiment in, 315; secessionists’ actions in, 65; slavery in, 56; the secession crisis and, 49, 51, 65, 97; Unionism in, 306; Unionists’ actions in, 51, 53; Union occupation of, 272, 303; voting patterns of, 66n5
Wheeler, Joseph, 149, 156, 160
Whig Party, 4, 5, 13–14, 29, 75, 287, 300
White, Hugh Lawson, 4
White, William, 174
Whiteaker, W. C., 174
White County (Tenn.), 144, 152–54, 289, 293
Whitier, Newton, 175
Whitier, Philander, 175
Whitthorn, Selica, 176
Wild Cat Creek, Battle of, 152–53
Williams, Alpheus, 175
Williams, John S., 159
Wilmot Proviso, 5
Wilson County (Tenn.), 293
Wolf River, 147
women: actions of during Civil War, 173, 255–56; arrests of, 250–55; communication with Kentucky soldiers and, 255; Confederate prisoners of war and, 247–48, 255; defiance of, 246–48, 250, 253–54; exile of, 251, 254–57; guerrillas in Kentucky and, 252–54; loss of property and, 257–58; reaction to arrests of, 251–53; the U.S. oath of allegiance and, 247–48, 258; Union policy toward, 176, 245–58; Union soldiers’ treatment of, 245–47, 249, 257, 365
Wood, Reuben, 143–44
Wood, Thomas J., 136
Woodcock, Wiley, 129
Woodcock, William Marcus: Atlanta Campaign and, 135–36; attitude of, toward comrades, 132; attitude of, toward Confederates, 132–33; attitude of, toward Copperheads, 133; attitude of, toward military officers, 133–34; Battle of Chattanooga and, 136; Battle of Chickamauga and, 135–36; Battle of Murfreesboro and, 135; Battle of Perryville and, 135; Battle of Shiloh and, 135; enlistment of, 125–26, 128–29; morale of, 133–34; on Abraham Lincoln and the Republicans, 130; on black soldiers, 131; on Don Carlos Buell, 134; on Emancipation Proclamation, 131–32; on slavery, 129–31; on the treatment of his family by Confederates, 132–33; on William Rosecrans, 134; on William T. Sherman, 134; political affiliation of, 130; postwar attitude of, toward freedmen, 131–32; postwar political activities of, 131; reasons for fighting, 125–36; references to American Revolution and, 125, 130; refusal to reenlist, 134; religious faith of, 134; summary of military service, 125
Woods, W. L., 295
Woodward, T. G., 172
Woodworth, Steven E., 269
Young Men’s Republican Union, 72
Zachary, Allen, 152
Zachary, Fount, 148
Zachary, Peter, 152