A note about the index: The pages referenced in this index refer to the page numbers in the print edition. Clicking on a page number will take you to the ebook location that corresponds to the beginning of that page in the print edition. For a comprehensive list of locations of any word or phrase, use your reading system’s search function.
Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
Aadhaar identity cards,133
Abbasid caliphate, 115–16
Abdullah, King of Jordan, 104
abolition, 46
Abu Dhabi, 116
Acts of Union (1707), 226, 227
Africa, 7, 80–81, 137, 153–80, 161, 165, 200, 250
see also, specific countries,
African Americans, 43, 46, 47, 60, 62, 68
African National Congress (ANC), 170
Age of Walls, 4
Al-Aqsa, 84
Ali, Naji al-, 74
Ali ibn Abi Talib, 104
Alphaville, 176
al-Qaeda, 106, 110–11, 247–48, 256
al-Qaeda in Iraq, 247–48
Alternative for Germany (AfD), 212–13
Alternative Human Development Index, 114–15
Ambedkar, B. R., 151
American Chamber of Commerce in China, 33
Amhara tribe, 160
Anglo-German Agreement (1913), 169–70
Anglo-Ottoman Convention (1913), 111
Annan, Kofi, 181
anti-Americanism, 109
anti-English sentiment, 229–34
Antifaschistischer Schutzwall (“antifascist protection bulwark”), 187
anti-Muslim sentiment (Islamophobia), 207–15
“Anywheres,” 236–37
apartheid, 233
Arab Human Development Report 2002, 114
Arab Revolt (1916), 117
Arab Spring, 103
Arafat, Yasser, 93
Argentina, 252
Armistice Agreements (1949), 77,
Arunachal Pradesh, 142–43
see also, specific countries,
Asian Development Bank, 129–30
Asian Water Tower, 21
Assam Accord (1985), 131–32
Austria, 2, 190, 202, 209, 214
auto industry, 55
Bachmann, Lutz, 213
Baghdad, 100, 102–3, 112, 247–48
Bahrain, 105
Bakassi Peninsula, 167, 169–70
Bakassi Self-Determination Front (BSDF), 167
Bakongo tribe, 166
Balfour, Arthur, 75
Balfour Declaration (1917), 74, 75
Balkans, 195
Bandurski, David, 35
Bangladesh, 2, 19, 24, 124–39, 124, 136, 144, 147, 152, 249, 252, 254
Bangladesh War of Independence, 130
Bango Bhoomi, 134–35
Banksy (artist), 74–75
Barak, Ehud, 95
“barrier continent,” 200–201
BBC, 234–36
bedouin, 88
Beirut, 104
Benin bronzes, 163
Benin City, 162–64
Berlin Institute for Population and Development, 193
Berlin Wall, 1, 2, 15, 181, 185–95, 196, 211, 237
BfV (Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz), 211–12
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), 133–34
Biafra, 168
Bible, 67–68, 69, 78, 206, 247
Bielefeld University, 193
see also, racism
birth rates, 86–87, 193, 203, 233, 241
Bitcoin, 253
Black Lives Matter, 62
black market, 92
Bolivia, 252
Bonnie Prince Charlie, 224–25
“border areas development,” 141–42
border disputes, 143–45, 149, 169–70
see also, specific disputes,
Border Patrol, U.S., 42, 48, 50
Border Security Force (BSF), Indian, 124, 126, 132
braccae, (woolen trousers), 221
Bradford, UK, 207
Brahma, 148
Brahmans, 148–49
Brahmaputra River, 131
Brandenburg Gate, 1
Brandt, Willy, 192
Brexit, 7, 198, 224, 226, 230, 233–38, 235, 245–46
Bridges, George, 66
Britannia Inferior, 223
Britannia Prima, 223
Britannia Secunda, 223
Britannia Superior, 223
British Empire, 22, 127, 145–46, 163, 169–70
see also, Great Britain
British Nigeria, 163–64
British Transport Police, 228
Brookings Institution, 60, 214
Brown, Gordon, 238–39
Brunei, 2
Bulgaria, 201
Burj Khalifa, 15
burkas, 206
Burundi, 168
Bush, George W., 50
Caesar, Julius, 222
Cambridge University, 234–36
Cameron, David, 178
Canada, 55
Casamance region, 167
caste system, 147–51
Catalonia, 199
Cato Institute, 53
census, Israeli (1948), 82
Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, 149
Ceuta, 201
Chaldeans, 112
Charlottesville, Virg., protest (2017), 67, 254
Checkpoint Charlie, 194
chemical weapons, 108
Chicago Tribune,, 43
China, 2, 6, 9–36, 12, 19, 24, 116, 127, 142–43, 176, 206
China Economic Review,, 26–27
China Family Panel Studies, 24–25
Chinatowns, 160
Chin rebel group, 141
Chittagonians, 138
Christian Democratic Union (CDU), 213
Christianity, 4, 62–63, 75, 82, 83, 88, 91, 119, 130, 140, 171, 206, 222, 241–42, 244
CIA World Factbook,, 58
civil war, 105–11
class system, 234–38
Clayton Industries, 42
Clinton, Bill, 53–54
CNN, 62
Cobra II armed vehicles, 112
Colchester, UK, 222
Cold War, 2, 7, 15, 186–95, 189, 196, 201
Cologne assaults (2015), 211
Comanche Indians, 46
Coming to Birth, (Macgoye), 161
communism, 1, 4, 13, 28, 92, 186
Communist Chinese Party, 13–36
Comprehensive Integrated Border Management System (CIBMS), 144
“conflict tourism,” 75
Congress Party, 134
consumerism, 186–87
Core Leader, 34
Cornwall, 229
cosmopolitanism, 237
Cox’s Bazar, 139
Crimea, 200–201
Crisis Resolution Security Services, 42–43
Cuba, 53
“cultural relevancy,” 244
Cultural Revolution, 17
Cyberspace Administration of China, 35
Cymraeg language, 229
Cyprus, 248
Dalits (“untouchables”), 148–51
Darling, Patrick, 162
Dayspring radio station, 167
d’Azeglio, Massimo, 198
Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), US, 109
democracy, 30, 31, 36, 81, 94, 117, 128, 147, 164, 170, 172, 192, 210, 213–14, 253, 255
see also, elections
Democratic National Convention (2004), 68
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), 166, 168
demographics, 44–45, 52, 58–59, 86–87, 193, 203, 206–7, 210–11, 233, 241–42, 252
Deng Xiaoping, 17–18, 23, 28, 34, 35
Deterling, Harry, 188
“digital divides,” 32–35
“digital sovereignty,” 32
Dinka tribe, 168
Dispossessed, The, (Le Guin), 121
Doklam Plateau, 142–43
Dome of the Rock, 84
Dresden, 189, 193, 194, 212–13
drones, 126
droughts, 137
Duffy, Gillian, 238–39
Durand, Henry Mortimer, 146
Durand Line, 146
Dynamo Dresden Ultras, 212–13
Eastern Europe, 82, 195, 207, 238–39
see also, specific countries,
Eastern Turkestan Republic, 19
East German Transport Police (TraPos), 185
East Jerusalem, 76–77
East Pakistan, 128–29
Ecclesiastes, Book of, 247
e-commerce, 34–35
Economist,, 175–76
education, 26–27, 114, 117, 137, 151, 204, 207, 232–33, 253
Edward I, King of England, 226
Eko Atlantic, 177
elections, 41, 45, 56, 63, 86–87, 90, 94, 134, 192, 193, 203, 213–14, 228, 233, 237–38, 241
El Paso, 48
Encarnación, Paraguay, 252
English Channel, 202
English language, 34–35, 44–45, 167
e pluribus unum, motto, 44, 63, 68
Europe, 2–3, 7, 117, 118, 147, 149, 150–51, 181–215, 197, 251–52, 253, 256
see also, Eastern Europe; Western Europe
European Economic Community (EEC), 195
European Union (EU), 3, 7, 117, 147, 195–210, 197, 253, 256
see also, Brexit
“European values,” 205–6
“Euroskepticism,” 198–99
Evergreen State College, 66–67
Executive Force, 90
Facebook, 31
factories, 14, 27, 32, 55, 130
Fairbank, John King, 16
Falun Gong, 36
Famagusta, 248
families, 63, 84, 105, 142, 179
Farook, Syed Rizwan, 53
Farrakhan, Louis, 67
Fatah, 90–94
Federally Administered Tribal Areas, 146
Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, US, 210–11
female genital mutilation, 206
Fergany, Nader, 114
Ferguson, Mo., shooting (2014), 62
financial crisis (2008), 198
Five Pillars of Islam, 105
Flavia Caesariensis, 223
flooding, 130, 131, 135–38, 136,
Foreigners Act (1946), 132
“fortified towns,” 175–78
“fortress mentality,” 1
Founding Fathers, 43
“Four Olds,” 17
Fox Quesada, Vicente, 57
fractal design, 162
France, 197, 204, 205, 206, 207–8
Freedom Party (Austria), 209, 214
Free Movement Regime, 142
Free Zone, 157
Friedman, Thomas, 4
G20 group, 253
Gaelic (Gàidhlig), 227
Gandhi, Indira, 131
Gandhi, Mohandas K., 127, 149–50
Gandhi, Rajiv, 131
Gaza, 76, 80, 89, 89, 90, 91–92, 93, 94, 248–49
General Law of Population (1974), 52
gentrification, 240
Germany, 169–70, 185–95, 203, 205, 206, 211–12, 214, 239, 254
see also, East Germany; West Germany
Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry, 41
glasnost, (openness), 190
Gleicke, Iris, 212
globalization, 1, 2, 4–5, 7, 35–36, 55, 65, 103, 114–15, 172–73, 195, 226, 236, 238, 240, 250, 252, 253, 256
Golden Dawn, 209
Golden Shield, 30
“Gold Star parents,” 63–64
Good Friday Agreement (1998), 231
Goodhart, David, 236–37
Gospels, 67–68
Great Britain, 150, 178, 217–46, 220,
see also, British Empire; United Kingdom
Great Depression, 48
Great Firewall of China, 29–31
Great Schism, 4
Great Seal of the United States, 44
Great Wall of China, 4, 12, 14–16, 26, 42–43, 162
Greece, 2, 196, 201, 203, 206, 209, 247
Green March (1975), 157–58
Green Zone, 100, 102–3, 247–48
gross domestic product (GDP), 24, 55, 197
Guinness Book of World Records,, 162
Guizhou Province, 27
hadiths, 115–16
Hadrian, Rod, 42
Handala, 74
Hanover, Germany, 212
Han people, 15–16, 18, 19–20, 19, 21, 29, 36
Hari, Michael, 43
Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami, 134
Hasidic Jews, 243–44
Hassaniya dialect, 158
health care, 93, 137, 171, 178, 204–5, 238
Hebrew language, 87
Heyer, Heather, 67
Himalayan Mountains, 21, 136, 142, 145
Hindus, 63, 127–35, 143, 147–49, 151, 241
Ho Chi Minh City, 240
Hollande, François, 208
Holy Family Church, 190
Homeland Security Department, US, 53, 57
Home Office, British, 239
Honecker, Erich, 190–91
Hong Kong, 32
Houphouët-Boigny, Félix, 172
“House Divided” speech (1858), 67–68
House of Commons, British, 228
hukou, system, 26–28
human rights, 114–15, 132, 151, 181, 251, 252–54
Human Rights Watch, 132
Hungary, 2, 190, 201–2, 204, 209, 210, 214, 239, 249–50
Hussein, Saddam, 102, 103, 104, 110, 111, 113
Hutu, 168
ICM Research, 243
identity cards, 133
Igbos, 168
ijtihad, concept, 115–16
Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), US, 49
income disparities, 4, 14, 23–28, 24, 29, 171, 172–74, 198, 236
independence movements, 157–59
India, 2, 19, 20–21, 121–52, 124, 206, 252, 254
Indian Independence Act (1947), 143
Industrial Revolution, 151
infant mortality rates, 61
Initium Media, 32
Inkatha Freedom Party, 170
intellectual property (IT), 33
International Court of Justice (ICJ), 169–70
International Organization for Migration, 137
Iran, 2, 5, 7, 104, 105, 108, 113, 146–47
Iran-Iraq War, 5
Iraq, 2, 5, 20, 44, 100, 102–9, 110, 111–12, 119, 247–49
Ireland, 230–34, 241, 243, 246
Irish Republican Army (IRA), 231, 232
Iron Age, 222
Iron Curtain, 185, 188, 189–90, 189, 194–95, 196, 211
Iron Dome antimissile system, 249
“iron wall,” 80
Islam, see, Muslims
Islamic fundamentalism, 90–92, 103, 108–9, 116–18, 130, 172, 202, 209, 214–15, 243–44
Islamic State (IS), 20, 81, 105–9, 110, 116–17, 249
isolationism, 55
Israel, 2, 6–7, 69–96, 72, 77, 89, 102, 103, 119, 248–49
Israel Defense Forces (IDF), 74, 88
Jabotinsky, Ze’ev (Vladimir), 80
Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh, 134
James I, King of England, 226
Jedi Knights, 241
Jefferson Memorial, 64
Jena, 193
Jerusalem, 69, 76–77, 79, 83–86, 96
Jesus Christ, 67–68, 73, 75, 118
Jews, 63, 67, 70, 83, 84–86, 87, 90, 205, 206, 241, 243–44
Jinnah, Mohammed Ali, 127
Jizan province, 110
Jobbik, 209
Johannesburg, 175–76
Jordan Border Security Program, 109
Journal of Housing and the Built Environment,, 177
Judt, Tony, 200
Juncker, Jean-Claude, 199
Jung, Carl G., 188
kaBhekuzulu, Goodwill Zwelithini, 173–74
Karachi Agreement (1949), 145
Karbala, Battle of, 104
Kashmir, 143–45
Kassem, Suzy, 97
Kawangware district, 161
Kazakhstan, 2
Khan, Abdur Rahman, 146
Khan, Humayun, 63–64
Khan, Khizr and Ghazala, 63–64
Kikongo language, 166
Kirkuk, 113
Kiswahili language, 167
Klein, Horst, 188
Kohl, Helmut, 190
Koran, 105, 115–16, 118, 206, 243
Krenz, Egon, 191
Kshatriyas, 148–49
Kubrick, Stanley, 3
Ku Klux Klan (KKK), 67
Kurdistan, 113
Kurds, 112–13
Kyrgyzstan, 2
labor market, 50–52
Labour Party, 237–39
Lahore, 145
laïcité, (separation of church and state), 206
Lambert, Charles, 208
Land and Maritime Boundary dispute, 167
League of Nations, 170
Lee, Robert E., 67
“left-behinds,” 236
Le Guin, Ursula K., 121
Le Pen, Jean-Marie, 214
Le Pen, Marine, 214
liberalism, 79, 210, 214–15, 237
Liberia, 168
Libya, 108
life expectancy, 114
Lima, 176
Lincoln, Abraham, 67–68
Line of Control (LoC), 143, 145
“Lion and the Unicorn, The” (Orwell), 245
living standards, 86, 114–15, 118, 193
Londonderry/Derry, 232
London School of Economics, 137
Long March, 17
Louisiana Purchase, 45
Lügenpresse, (“lying press”), 212–13
Luhya tribe, 161
Luo tribe, 161
Lusaka, 175
Lu Wei, 35
Lu Xun, 24
McCain, John, 64
Macgoye, Marjorie Oludhe, 161
Machel, Graça, 176
Malaysia, 2
Malik, Tashfeen, 53
Mandela, Nelson, 176
Mandinka tribe, 159–60
Manipur, 141
Manusmriti,, 148
Mao Zedong, 17, 19, 22, 23, 25, 34
markets, 35–36
Marshall Plan, 253
Marxism, 28
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 57
Mauerkrankheit, (“wall disease”), 188
Mauritania, 158
Maxima Caesariensis, 223
Maximus, Magnus, 223–24
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, 213
Melilla, 201
Merkel, Angela, 194, 210, 213, 214
Mexican-American War, 45, 47–48
Mexican Border Wall, 3, 37–68, 40,
Mexican Repatriation, 48
Middle East, 3–4, 91, 94, 95–119, 200, 250
see also, specific countries,
Middle Kingdom, 15
“midterm future,” 254
militias, 20, 102–3, 142, 144, 146
Mimroth, P. L., 151
Mizoram, 141
Modi, Narendra, 134
Moi, Daniel arap, 170–71
Mombasa Republican Council, 167
Monde,, 207
Moon Agreement (1979), 252–53
Morocco, 156, 157–58, 169, 201
“Mount Liupan” (Mao), 17
Mughal Dynasty, 127
MukaMunya estate, 175
multiculturalism, 3, 63, 206, 214, 240, 242–44
Munich, 212
Muslim Brotherhood (MB), 92
Muslims, 4, 19, 20, 63–64, 82, 84, 92, 101–16, 127–31, 137, 138, 171, 206–10, 241, 242–43
see also, specific sects,
Nagaland, 141
Naga people, 140–42
Naga Self-Administered Zone, 141
Nahyan, Mohammed bin Zayed Al, Prince, 116
Nairobi, 161
Nakba, 93
Napolitano, Janet, 37
Narayanan, K. R., 151
National Crime Records (2014), 150
Nationalists, 230–34
National Rifle Association (NRA), 55–56
Nation of Islam, 67
nation-states, 2, 6, 45, 88, 113–19, 142, 159, 160–66, 169, 175, 178–80, 195, 198, 214, 225, 226, 246, 251–53
natural resources, 5
Ndadaye, Melchior, 168
Nehemiah, Book of, 69
neo-Nazis, 211–12
Nepal, 147
New Charter (2017), 90
New Mexico, 45
New Scientist,, 162
New Spain, 45
New Testament, 206
Nigeria, 160, 161, 162–64, 167, 169–70, 171, 173–77
19th National Congress of the Communist Party (2017), 34
Non-Self-Governing Territories, 169
non-urban nationalists, 65
“no platformers,” 66
Nordic Union, 199
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 52, 55
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 55, 256
Northern Border Project, 110
Northern Ireland, 230–34, 241, 243, 246
Norway, 202
Nowrasteh, Alex, 53
Nusra Front, 81
Nyerere, Julius, 172
Obama, Barack, 50–51, 56, 68, 109
Office for National Statistics, British, 239
Olmedo, Alfredo, 252
Oman, 2
“one child” policy, 29
opinion polls, 44, 60, 64, 84, 202, 203, 206–7
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 61, 84
Oromo tribe, 160
Orthodox Jews, 83, 84, 85–86, 87, 243–44
Orwell, George, 245
Ossis, (Easties), 192–94
Ostalgie, (“nostalgia for East Germany”), 194
Ottoman Empire, 108
outer space, 252–53
Oxford University, 234–36
Pakistan, 2, 19, 24, 106, 107, 127–28, 132, 134, 143–47, 211
Pakistan Border Ground Rules Agreement (1960–61), 144–45
Palestine, 6–7, 69–96, 72, 77, 89, 102, 103, 199, 248–49
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 74
Palestinian Authority (PA), 90, 93–94
pan-Arab unification, 103–4, 119
“Pan-European Picnic,” 190
Panmunjom Declaration (2018), 6
Paraguay, 252
parallel societies, 242
Paris terrorist attacks (2015), 204
Parliament, Scottish, 228
Passover, 83
Patriotic Europeans Against the Islamisation of the West (PEGIDA), 212–13
“peace dividend,” 231–32
Peace Walls, 231
Pearce, Fred, 162
pensions, 29
People,’s Daily,, 25
perestroika, (restructuring), 190
Pew Research Center, 44, 60, 64, 84, 202, 206–7
Phoenix, Ariz., 52
Picts, 224
Pinto, Lourenco, 163
pogroms, 82
Poland, 197, 208, 209, 214, 239
Polisario Front (PF), 156, 157–58, 169
“positive energy,” 35
President Shouldn’t Say That, A, (Hollande), 208
prisons, 61–62
Prohibition, 48
Protestants, 46, 62–63, 230–34
public opinion, 44, 60, 64, 84, 202, 206–8, 236, 242
Question Time,, 234–36
racism, 66–67, 149–51, 171, 204, 205, 208–9, 238–40, 244, 252
Rajasthan, 144
Raytheon Co., 109
Red Guards, 17
registration papers, 26–28
religious freedom, 130, 205, 241–42, 255
religious parties, 85–86
Republican Party, 6, 41–42, 48, 52, 64–68
response stations, 110
right-wing groups, 67, 209–13, 254
Rise Up and Salute the Sun, (Kassem), 97
roadside bombs, 102
Road to Somewhere, The, (Goodhart), 236–37
Robert the Bruce, 226
Robinson, Peter, 233
Rohingya, 138–40
Rolling Hills estate, 176
Roman Empire, 82, 84, 175, 220, 221–25
Royal Air Force (RAF), 185
Rozoff, James, 217
rural areas, 14, 21, 23, 25–27, 65, 130, 135–36, 148–49, 161–64, 173, 194, 207, 208, 242
Russell Group, 234
Rwanda, 168
Sabbath, 86
Sadat, Anwar, 119
Safavid dynasty, 108
Sahara Desert, 137, 156, 157–58, 169
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, 157
Salman, Mohammed bin (MbS), 116
San Bernardino, Calif., terror attack (2015), 53
Sanders, Bernie, 64
São Paulo, 176
“Sassenachs” (Saxons), 226–27
Satanists, 241
Saud, Salman bin Abdulaziz Al, 116
Saudi Arabia, 7, 44, 105, 106, 108, 110–11, 116, 118, 249
Scandinavia, 199
Schabowski, Günter, 191
Scioli, Mike, 50
Scotland Act (1998), 227
Scotland Act (2016), 228
Scottish independence referendum (2014), 228
Scottish National Party (SNP), 228
second-class citizens, 26–27
Second Temple, 84–85
Secure Fence Act (2006), 50
September 11th attacks (2001), 50
Shah, Amit, 134
shalwar kameez,, 126
Shanghai, 26–27
“Shia crescent,” 104
Shia Muslims, 4, 5, 7, 102–10, 107, 119
Shi’at Ali, 104
“shining city on a hill,” 44
Siachen Glacier, 145
Singh, Maharaja Hari, 143
Single European Act (1986), 196
Sinocentrism, 16
Six-Day War, 76
slavery, 43, 46, 47, 60, 62, 68
Smith, Nathan, 250–51
“social cleansing,” 240
socialism, 28, 35, 116, 117–18, 195
Socialist Unity Party, 186
social media, 4, 30, 32, 53, 65–66
Social Mobility and Child Poverty Commission, British, 234–36
Soli language, 175
solyanka, soup, 194
“Somewheres,” 236–37
South Africa, 170, 173, 174, 175–76
Soviet Union, 2, 23, 186–87, 190, 196–97
Spain, 45–46, 157–58, 169, 199, 201
speech, freedom of, 31, 66, 115, 206, 255
Star of David, 75
Stasi, 190
“Status of German Unity” (2016), 212
steel industry, 33
Steyn City, South Africa, 176
Stovall, Preston, 65
Strelczyk, Hans, 188
student activism, 66–67
Sudras, 148–49
Sungbo’s Eredo, 164
Sunni Muslims, 4, 5, 7, 102–10, 106, 117
Supreme Court, Israeli, 87
Swahili, 172
Sweden Democrats, 209
Switzerland, 205
synagogues, 84
Syria, 20, 44, 81, 95, 104, 107–9, 112, 113, 119, 210
Tajikistan, 2
Taliban, 146
Talmud, 85
Tanganyika, 172
Tehran, 104
Texas-Mexico Automotive SuperCluster Region, 55
Thailand, 2
Three Deficits, 114–15
Tiananmen Square massacre (1989), 34–35
Tianjin, 32
Tibet Autonomous Region, 21
time zones, 13
Tohono O’odham Nation, 56
“Tortilla Curtain,” 49
tourist visas, 52
travel bans, 52–53
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), 45, 47
tribes, 3–5, 56, 88, 113, 117, 140–41, 159–66, 170–79, 195, 220, 221, 222, 230
see also, specific tribes,
tributary states, 16
Tripathi, Sanjeev, 133
Troubles, 230–34
True Story of Ah Q, The, (Lu), 24
Trump, Donald, 3, 6, 41, 42, 45, 53, 54, 55–58, 63–64, 67, 68, 96, 212, 252
Turkey, 3, 112, 113, 201, 211, 248
Turkmenistan, 2
Tutsi, 168
Twitter, 66
two-state solution, 76, 79, 86, 90, 95
2001: A Space Odyssey,, 3
UK Independence Party (UKIP), 198
Ukraine, 200–201
Ulster Freedom Fighters, 232
Umm Qasr, 112
unemployment, 51, 87, 179, 210
UNESCO World Heritage Site, 164
UN-Habitat reports, 178
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), 138–39
UNICEF, 107
Unionists, 230–34
United Arab Emirates (UAE), 2, 116
United Kingdom, 7, 197, 198, 206, 207, 217–46
see also, Great Britain
United Nations (UN), 107, 112, 114–15, 117, 132, 138–39, 164, 169, 170, 171, 174, 178, 252–53, 256
United Nations Development Programme, 114–15
United States of America, 6, 37–68, 47, 59, 107
unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), 144
UN Refugee Convention (1951), 132
UN Trusteeships, 170
urban areas, 14, 21, 23, 25–27, 65, 130, 135–36, 148–49, 161–64, 173, 194, 207, 208, 242
urban globalists, 65
Ürümqi, 31
US-Mexican Border Wall, 3, 37–68, 40,
Uzbekistan, 2
Vaishyas, 148–49
Vanguard,, 170
varnas (social classes), 150
Varosha, 248
VAT (value-added tax), 228
Venerable Bede, 224
Violent Borders, (Jones), 43
virtual private networks (VPNs), 30, 31
visas, 52
Visegrád Group, 199
Vision 2030 economic model, 116
Wade, George, 224–25
wahnsinnig, (“mind-blowing”), 191
Wallace, Mike, 28
“Walled Off Hotel,” 74–75
Wall of Shame, 157, 158, 176, 187
“wall peckers,” 191
walls:
agriculture and, 16, 26, 27, 135–37, 175
assimilation, 62–63, 81, 208–9, 242
authoritarianism encouraged by, 18, 107, 113–16, 245
as barbed-wire fences, 2, 48, 49, 73, 111, 125–26, 128, 131, 185, 187, 248–49
as border controls, 4, 101, 124, 126, 132, 133, 137, 146–47, 152, 169–70, 185–88, 191, 198, 202–3, 233–34, 247, 248–50
border deaths on account of, 126, 132, 152
border guards for, 4, 101, 124, 126, 132, 133, 137, 146, 185–86, 187, 188, 191, 248–49
as buffer zones, 6, 20, 46, 111, 146, 178, 248
checkpoints for, 54, 73, 74, 101, 135, 194, 249
citizenship and, 26, 27, 46, 48, 53, 87, 94, 132, 133, 138, 146, 204, 206, 210, 221, 237, 244, 251
civilization defined by, 4, 15, 16, 22, 43, 221–25, 255
colonialism and development of, 7, 114, 127, 157–58, 165, 166, 179–80
as concrete barriers, 1, 5, 42, 45, 56–57, 58, 73–74, 101–3, 110, 128, 146, 185, 187–88, 194, 231, 252
cyber security and, 9, 31, 32–35
deportations aided by, 44–45, 48, 51, 52, 80–81, 132, 134
in developing countries, 62, 132, 253–54
dismantling of, 1, 2, 15, 181, 185–95, 196, 211, 237
diversity hampered by, 3, 63, 206, 214, 240, 242–44
economic impact of, 6, 7, 16, 21–25, 29–36, 48, 49, 51–58, 83, 86, 87, 92, 108, 112, 114, 116, 128, 132, 138, 168, 171, 172, 175, 187–93, 196, 198, 203, 209, 212, 214, 222, 231, 232, 237, 238, 250, 254
as electric fences, 4, 73, 125, 173, 175, 187
ethnic divisions and, 7, 13, 16, 20, 21, 44, 52, 58–68, 81, 88, 107, 108, 117, 118, 119, 127, 131, 138, 139, 159, 160, 164–72, 178, 179, 205, 209, 210, 226, 239, 240, 244, 252, 254
freedom denied by, 9, 31, 36, 68, 114–16, 130, 205–6, 241–42, 255
for gated communities, 175–78
historical development of, 1–7
for immigration control, 2, 4, 41, 43, 44, 46, 48–54, 58, 59, 63, 80, 112, 127, 128, 131, 132–34, 137, 139, 158, 173, 174, 200, 202–4, 208, 209, 211–15, 238–42, 252, 254
for land disputes, 76–78, 83, 88, 93, 167
laws and legal issues for, 9, 31, 32–35, 49, 52, 93, 169–70, 227, 252; see also, specific laws and treaties,
maps of, 19, 24, 47, 59, 77, 89, 106, 107, 129, 136, 161, 165, 189, 197, 235,
nationalism and, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 43, 44, 45, 58, 63–65, 68, 81, 88, 113–19, 130, 131, 135, 141, 142, 146, 147, 159–69, 172–80, 195, 198–200, 209, 210, 214, 225–33, 238, 240, 245, 246, 251–56
national security and, 2, 45, 53, 57, 109, 126, 132, 134, 141–42, 149, 181
no-man’s-land for, 249
“open borders” compared with, 250–52
passports needed for, 86, 133, 185–86, 191, 248
popular support for, 3, 6, 41–45, 53–58, 63–68, 96, 203–4, 212, 238–40, 252
population growth and, 44–45, 52, 58–59, 86–87, 193, 203, 206–7, 210–11, 233, 241–42, 252
poverty and, 4, 14, 22, 23, 26, 28, 29, 60, 84, 87, 95, 114, 118, 129, 135, 139, 148, 152, 169, 172–75, 178, 198, 234, 236, 250, 251, 253
racism and, 52, 60–68, 205, 209, 239, 240, 244, 252, 254
refugee issues and, 4, 7, 53, 74, 94–95, 103, 108, 109, 112, 128, 132, 133, 136–39, 158, 174, 200–206, 210–12, 215, 254
as “separation barriers,” 73–74, 77, 94
smuggling operations against, 48, 54, 55, 60, 92, 109, 126, 146
terrorism and, 4, 20, 50, 53, 54, 81, 90, 92, 101–12, 126, 134, 135, 139, 141, 145, 202–7, 232, 250
“us and them” mentality for, 3–5, 16, 64–66, 192, 226, 231, 240–41, 242, 243, 247–48
watchtowers for, 73, 109, 112, 185, 187
see also, specific barriers and walls,
wangluo anquan, (cyber security), 31
Washington Post,, 33
wealth gap, 4, 14, 23–28, 24, 29, 171, 172–74, 198, 236
weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), 109
WeChat, 32
Weinstein, Bret, 66–67
Welsh language, 229
Wessis, (Westies), 192–94
West Africa, 159–64
West Bank, 2, 69–96, 72, 77, 102
West Bengal, 125, 133, 134–35, 143
see also, specific countries,
Western Wall, 84–85
West Pakistan, 128
Wetzel, Gunter, 188
Wilson, Harold, 237–38
“Winning the Fight Against Corruption” year (2018), 171
women, 84, 85, 115, 116, 193–94, 205, 206, 240, 255
Women of the Wall (WOW), 85
working class, 234–38
work permits, 93
World Is Flat, The, (Friedman), 4
Wossis, (East-West German couples), 193–94
xenophobia, 238–40
Xhosa, 170
Xia dynasty, 26
Xinhua News Agency, 35
Yakub, 67
yarmulkes, 83
Yugoslavia, 195
Zaire, 168
Zambia, 175
Zanzibar, 172
Zarqawi, Abu Musab al-, 247–48
Zuckerberg, Mark, 4